6.1 1 UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture Practical Aspects and Exercises CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop

1 6.1

UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture

Practical Aspects and Exercises

CGE

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop

2 6.2

CONTENT

Details on use of the UNFCCC – NAI Software to calculate and report GHG emissions in the Industrial Processes sector.

Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after the presentation).

3 6.3

BACKGROUND

The decision trees in the IPCC good practice guidance are used to choose a good practice method that suits national circumstances.

The UNFCCC-NAI Software contains, basically, the methods of lesser complexity that countries can use to prepare their inventories.

However, in principle, the software can be used to report the estimated emissions independently of the complexity of method used (Tier 2, 3, etc).

4 6.4

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE Sector 4: Agriculture Source Categories and Subcategories Worksheets CH4 and N2O From Domestic Livestock 4A. CH4 from Enteric Fermentation 4B. CH4 from Manure Management 4B. N2O from Manure Management

4-1s1 to 4-1s2 and 4-1 Supplemental (*) (8)

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields 4-2s1 (**) (1) 4E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas 4-3s1 to 4-3s3 (3) 4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 4-4s1 to 4-4s3 (3) 4D.Agricultural Soils 4-5s1 to 5-5s5

4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental) (7)

(#) Quantity of sheets Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software

* In 4.1 (supplemental) the unit of the activity was changed in column A. In the current software records are in number of animals (in the previous software in some sheets it was 1000s of animals)

** The unit for Harvested Area was changed to one in more common use. Other minor changes in the calculation formula to obtain the emissions in Gg

5 6.5

SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Domestic Livestock

Enteric Fermentation (1)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (1) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock

4-1s1 to 4-1s2 and 4-1 Supplemental

More complex approach

- The software is prepared for the Tier 1 method. The application of the Tier 2 method requires modification of the worksheets. - The amount of CH4 is primarily driven by the number of animals, the type of digestive system and the type and amount of feed consumed. Tier 1: If the number of animals by livestock type (three years average) is available then there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. - Simplified approach based on default EF. - Data on livestock categories and milk production should be used to select default EF. Notes: - It is good practice to review the Tier 1 EF to ensure that underlying animal characteristics used to develop them are similar to the conditions in the country. - Often Tier 2 is used for dairy cattle and sheep and Tier 1 for the other animals.

6 6.6


Enteric Fermentation (2)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock



Tier 2 - Requires detailed country-specific data on nutrient requirements, feed intake and CH4 conversion rates for specified feed types which are used to develop EFs for country-defined livestock categories. It uses the same equations as of the Tier 1 method but applies more disaggregated livestock population categories and uses calculated EFs. Notes: - Animal population data should be from the detailed livestock characterization. - The worksheets are prepared for the Tier 1 method (simplified). It is recommended to use the Tier 2 method if this category is key. The Tier 2 method uses country-specific information to calculate the EF. Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the Tier1 method, then: 1) Modify the worksheets using more disaggregated livestock categories. A bigger breakdown is usually required, especially for the bovine livestock, in categories by sex and age. For this, the necessary lines should be added to the worksheets, maintaining the calculation procedures and their links with the sectoral summary tables. 2) Make the calculations of EF outside of the software. 3) Add a note in the documentation boxes of the worksheets clarifying the method used. Provide detailed information in the NIR.

7 6.7


Manure Management (1)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4B. CH4 Emissions from Manure management



- The software is prepared for the Tier 1 method. The application of the Tier 2 method requires modification of the worksheets. Tier 1: If the number of animals by livestock type (three years average) and climate region is available there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. - Simplified approach that only requires livestock population data by animal species/category and climate region. - Default EF from the IPCC Guidelines are used. Notes: - It should be used only as last option. It is good practice to use the Tier 2 approach.


Manure Management (2)SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (4)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4B. CH4 Emissions from Manure management



Tier 2: - A detailed method; countries where a particular livestock species/category represents a significant share of emissions are encouraged to used Tier 2. - Requires detailed information on animal characteristics and the manner in which manure is managed. Country-specific EFs are developed using this information. Notes: - Animal population data should be from the detailed livestock characterization. - Some large countries have livestock in different climate regions. Different MCF values are given in GPG2000 for three climate regions (cool, temperate, warm). Suggestion: If Tier 2 is used in substitution of the Tier1 method, then: 1) Modify the Worksheets using more disaggregated livestock categories. A bigger breakdown is usually required, especially for the bovine livestock, in categories by sex and age. For this, the necessary lines should be added to the worksheets, maintaining the calculation procedures and their links with the sectoral summary tables. 2) Make the calculations of EF outside of the software. 3) Add notes in the documentation boxes of the worksheets clarifying the method used. Provide detailed information in the NIR.

9 6.9

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREN2O Emissions from Domestic Livestock. Manure Management (1)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4B. N2O Emissions from Manure management


- N2O emissions produced during the storage and treatment of manure (dung and urine) before it is applied to land. - The emissions depend on the nitrogen and carbon content of manure and on the duration of the storage and type of treatment. - The N2O emissions are obtained by multiplying the total amount of N excretion (from all animal species/categories) in each type of manure management system by an EF for that type of manure management system.

There are two options for the method: Option 1 - Using the number of animals in each animal waste management system (AWMS) in the country and default values for the N excretion [Nex(t)] of each type of animal and the fraction of [Nex(t)] that is managed in each AWMS. If the number of animals by livestock type and AWMS is available there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. Default data for Nex(T) and the fraction managed are provided in the IPCC Guidelines.

10 6.10

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREN2O Emissions from Domestic Livestock. Manure Management (2)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (6) (cont) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4B. N2O Emissions from Manure management


N2O emissions produced during the storage and treatment of manure (dung and urine) before it is applied to land. Option 2 – Depending on the data available, the method can be applied with a higher level of detail. The most accurate estimate will be obtained using a country-specific EF that has been fully documented in peer reviewed publications. Notes: 1 - Nitrogen excretion Nex(T) from all AWMS is estimated here. However N2O emissions from daily spread and pasture range and paddock are reported under Agricultural Soils (Section 4.6). 2 - If the dung is used as fuel, emissions should be reported under fuel combustion in the Energy Sector. 3 - If the dung is burned without energy recovery, emissions should be reported under waste incineration in the Waste Sector. 4 - The emissions that arise from the application of the manure to soil (after storage or treatment) are to be reported under agricultural soils.

11 6.11

SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (1)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields

4-2s1 - The IPCC Guidelines outline one method that uses annual harvested areas and area-based seasonally integrated EF. There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using national AD (national total area harvested by water management regime) and a single EF. -If the national total area harvested by water management regime is available there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. Default values are provided for EF and other data. When applying this option keeps in mind that: - In the Workbook (and the Software) the Organic Amendment is not included in the Seasonally Integrated EF. It is used as term (column in the worksheet) separate. In GPG2000 it was incorporate in the Adjusted seasonally Integrated Emission Factor as SFo (scaling factor for organic amendments). - Also in GPG2000, the default values were extended to consider the amount of organic amendments applied as dry matter.

12 6.12

SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (2)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields

4-2s1 Option 2: Most disaggregated. Takes into account the conditions under which rice is grown (e.g. water management practices, organic fertilizer use, soil type) and that can affect seasonal CH4 emissions. - Requires national total harvested area disaggregated into sub-units (e.g. harvested areas under different water management regimes. - The different conditions that should be considered include rice ecosystem type, water management regime, type and amount of organic amendments, and soil type (up to now the soil factor has not been taken into account in the IPCC Guidelines). Notes: - Inventory agencies are encouraged to implement the IPCC method at the most disaggregated level possible. Suggestion: If Option 2 is used in substitution of the Option 1, then: 1) make the calculations outside of the software, 2) incorporate the results manually in the Sectoral and Summary Tables of the Inventory, 3) add a note in the documentation box of Table 4-2s1 clarifying the method used and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR

13 6.13

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.1: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 4-2s1Data According to data submitted by the Ministry of Agriculture, 400,000 ha of

intermittently flooded paddy fields (single aeration) and 50,000 ha of upland rice were cultivated in the year. Compost was used as amendment. Actual data on soil types subject to composting are not available. The default CH4 EF for continuously flooded rice without organic fertilizer = 20 g/m2

Cultivated area

(ha)

Cropping seasons

Water management

regime

Amount of compost applied

(t/ha)

400 000 2 Intermittently flooded (single

aeration)

6

50 000 1 Upland rice 3

14 6.14

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.1: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (II)

Tasks

Using the UNFCCC - NAI Software:

1. Calculate CH4 emissions.

2. Verify the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary Tables.

3. Fill Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality and completeness.

4. Print the worksheet used, the Sectoral Summary Table and the Overview Table (8A).

15 6.15

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.1: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (III)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Agriculture sector Worksheet 4-2s1 CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields.

2. Enter in column A the harvested area by water management regime (in 1000 ha). The harvested area is given by the cultivated area times the number of cropping seasons. Area cultivated under upland (or dry conditions) is excluded from calculations.

3. Enter the scaling factor for CH4 emissions in column B. Default value = 0.5 (relative to EF for continuously flooded fields).

16 6.16

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.1: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (IV)

Steps 4. Enter a correction factor (scaling factor) for organic amendment

in column C = 1.5 (when fermented organic amendments are used, divide the amount applied by six and select the scaling factor in Table 4.21 GPG2000).

5. Enter in D the Seasonally Integrated CH4 EF for continuously flooded rice without organic amendment = 20g/m2.

6. In column E the software calculates CH4 emissions (Gg).

17 6.17

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION

18 6.18

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SECTORAL TABLE FOR AGRICULTURE

19 6.19

CH4 EMISSIONS FROMN RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SUMMARY REPORT TABLE

20 6.20

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREPrescribed Burning of Savannas


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas

4-3s1 to 4-3s3

- The burning of savannas results in instantaneous emissions of CO2. However, as the vegetation regenerates between burning cycles the CO2 is reabsorbed during the next growth period. For this reason, net CO emissions are assumed to be zero. Savanna burning also releases other trace gases. - The non-CO2 trace gas emissions are estimated through a series of simple calculations (based on a set of important data rather a specific EF). - Area burned, biomass density, fraction actually burned, fraction of living biomass, carbon fraction of living and dead biomass, combustion efficiency. - At present ‘good practice’ for this source category is the application of the IPCC Guidelines following the suggested approach in the decision tree.

21 6.21

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREPrescribed Burning of Savannas


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas

4-3s1 to 4-3s3

There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using mostly default values. Option 2: Using country-specific activity data and factors (better option). If the area burned is available then there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions, following either option. Default values are provided for EF and other data. Notes: 1 - If data are available, savanna burned should be subdivided into relevant subcategories reflecting different conditions and characteristics in the country. 2 - It is desirable to develop the seasonal-dependent AD and EF in various savanna ecosystems in each country if data are available. 3 - Some details of a possible procedure similar to the previous one, but introducing the calculation of EF and combustion efficiency, are described in an appendix to GPG2000. This procedure is not yet considered good practice.

22 6.22

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREField Burning of Agricultural Residues

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (10)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

4-4s1 to 4-4s3

- The burning of agricultural residues is not considered a net source of carbon dioxide because the carbon released to the atmosphere is reabsorbed during the next growing season. - This burning is a source of net emissions of many trace gases including CH4, CO2, N2O and NOx. - The non-CO2 trace gas emissions are estimated through a series of simple calculations (based on a set of important data rather a specific EF). - Residue to crop ratio, dry matter content, carbon fraction, nitrogen-carbon ratio. - At present ‘good practice’ for this source category is the application of the IPCC Guidelines following the suggested approach in the decision tree.

23 6.23

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREField Burning of Agricultural Residues


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

4-4s1 to 4-4s3

There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using mostly default values. Option 2: Using country-specific activity data and emission factors (better option). If the AD are available then there is no difficulty in using the software, for either option, to estimate emissions. Default values are provided for most factors. The largest degree of uncertainty is related to the fraction of agricultural residues burned in the field (default 10% for developing countries). Notes: 1 - Some agricultural residues are removed from the fields and burned as a source of energy. Non-CO2 emissions from this type of burning should be reported in the Energy Sector. 2 - Some details of a possible procedure similar to the previous one, but introducing the calculation of EF and combustion efficiency, are described in an appendix to GPG2000. This procedure is not yet considered good practice.

24 6.24

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 4-2s1Data The Ministry of Agriculture has provided information on annual

production and other data relating to locally important crops. It has also specified the crops whose residues are burned in the field (maize, soybeans and rice). Data on actual values for the rate of oxidation are not available.

Crop Annual

Production

1000 tonne

Residue to crop

ratio

Proportion burned in

fields

Dry matter

fraction

Carbon fraction

Nitrogen-Carbon

ratio

Maize 450 1 0,10 0.4 0.4709 0.02

Soybeans 350 2.1 0,07 0.87 0.45 0.05

Rice 2000 1,4 0.08 0.85 0.4144 0.014

25 6.25

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (II)

Tasks Using the UNFCCC - NAI Software:

1. Calculate non-CO2 emissions.2. Verify the emissions reported in the Sectoral and Summary

Tables.3. Fills Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality

and completeness. 4. Print the worksheet used, the Sectoral Summary Table and the

Overview Table (8A).

26 6.26

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.4: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (III)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Agriculture sector Worksheet 4-4 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues.

2. For each type of crop enter annual production in Gg incolumn A.

3. Enter in column B the residue to crop ratio for each crop type.

4. The software calculates in column C the quantity of residue.

5. Enter in column D the dry matter fraction for each crop type.

6. The software calculates in column E the quantity of dry residue.

27 6.27

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (IV)

Steps

7. Enter in column F the fraction burned in fields for each crop type.

8. Enter in column G the fraction oxidized for each crop (default value 0.90).

9. The software calculates in column H the total biomass burned.

10. Enter in column I the carbon fraction for each residue. The software calculates in column J the total carbon released.

28 6.28

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (V)

Steps

11. Enter Nitrogen-Carbon ratio in column K for each crop. The software calculates in column L the total nitrogen released.

12. Enter emission ratios in column M (CH4=0.005; CO=0.,06, N2O=0.007, NOx=0.121).

13. The software makes the rest of the calculations to obtain the emissions of non-CO2 gases.

29 6.29

BIOMASS BURNED

30 6.30

CARBON AND NITROGEN RELEASED

31 6.31

NON CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FIEL BURNING OF AGRICULTURA RESIDUES

EMISSIONS FROM FIEL BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

32 6.32

NON-CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FIELD BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES IN THE SECTORAL REPORT TABLE FOR

AGRICULTURE

33 6.33

NON-CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FIELD BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES IN THE SUMMARY REPORT TABLE

34 6.34

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREAgricultural Soils


UNFCCC –NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4D.Agricultural Soils

4-5s1 to 5-5s5 4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental)

- A number of agricultural activities add nitrogen to soils, increasing the amount of N available for nitrification and denitrification, and ultimately the amount of N2O emitted. The calculations include: 1 - Direct emissions from agricultural soils (excluding N-inputs from animals on pasture range and paddock). 2 - Direct soil emissions from animal production (from unmanaged animal production). 3 - Indirect emission of N2O from nitrogen used in agriculture.

35 6.35

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREAgricultural Soils


UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4D.Agricultural Soils

4-5s1 to 5-5s5 4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental)

There are two options for the method Tier 1a: Equations provided in the IPCC Guidelines. The calculations can be performed in nine steps in Worksheet 4-5. Tier 1b: Equations provided in the GPG2000 (represent increased precision due the expansion of the terms). When applying the Tier 1b method keep in mind that: 1 - Tier 1b method is favored, although it needs a larger quantity of data. 2 - Several equations in the IPCC Guidelines were modified in GPG2000 to provide better estimates. GPG2000 also includes some improved definitions of some terms and updated default values for some of the EFs used. Suggestion: 1) Make the calculations outside of the software using the Tier 1b method, 2) incorporate the results manually in the Sectoral and Summary Tables, 3) add notes in the documentation box of Tables 4-5s clarifying the method used and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR.

36 6.36

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise on Self Evaluation 1: CH4 from Enteric Fermentation and

Manure Management in Domestic Livestock (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.

Data The National Statistics Office has provided data on the domestic

livestock population in the country for the year 2000. Also, from data provided by the University of Agricultural Sciences, the GHG Inventory Team has determined some emission factors that better represent the conditions and circumstances of the country.

Determine the CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management using the UNFCCC-NAI software.

Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the Summary Table of the Inventory the results obtained.

37 6.37


Manure Management in Domestic Livestock (II)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. LIVESTOCK POPULATION AND EMISSION FACTORS

LIVESTOCK POPULATION

(1000s)

EF Enteric Fermentation

(kg/head/yr)

EF Manure Management

(kg/head/yr)

Cows (1) 500 49.5 1.024

Cows 600 45.76 0.868

Veal 400 3.087 0.015

Bulls 108 41.96 0.621

Oxen 300 51.38 0.624

Sheep 900 4.163 0.167

Goats 200 5.035 0.181

Horses 400 18 2.18

Swine 1500 0.937 1.425

Poultry 15500 0.023

38 6.38


Manure Management in Domestic Livestock (III)

RESULTS

CH4 emissions from Enteric Fermentation 86.75 Gg CH4

CH4 emissions from Manure Management 4.85 Gg CH4

Total CH4 emissions from Domestic Livestock 91.6 Gg CH4

6.39

Thank you

Documents

6.1 1 UNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture Practical Aspects and Exercises CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop