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Development of European Civilizations
6000-3000 BC
Farming spread from southwest Asia to southeastern Europe
Europeans no longer had to move in search of food (Hunting and Gathering)
Ancient Greece (400’s – 300’s BC) First DEMOCRACTIC governments
Democracy=government where the citizens hold power directly
Rome (227 BC – 180 AD) First REPUBLIC
(government where representatives are elected) Imitated Greek art, literature, science &
architecture Christianity was the official religion
Classical World
Feudalism replaced centralized governmentFeudalism: Kings allow nobles
use of land in exchange for military service & protection, serfs work the land
The Roman Catholic church became the most powerful force in Europe
Cathedrals and Monasteries became the only centers of learning (no schools for kids)
Middle Ages (500 – 1500 AD)
Crusades are a series of religious warsChristians are called to take back the
Holy Lands- Jerusalem- from Muslim control.
Considered a successful failure…Failure- They did NOT achieve their
objective to recapture the Holy LandsSuccess- They did set up trade routes
from the Middle East to Italy
Crusades (1000’s)
1333- Starts in China
1348- spreads into Europe through trade routes in Italy
1350- Plague hits northern Europe
Estimated 25 million killed
Causes hysteria and reflected anti-Semitism
The Bubonic Plague
Fleas on Rats
Starts in Italy and spreads northA renewed interest in learning and art. Inspired by Classical Greece & Rome.
Renaissance (1300 – 1600)
Reformation- Movement to reform the Catholic Church (because of corruption)
1517- Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses against the Catholic Church (his arguments why the church needs to change)
Reformation
•Many Protestant Churches begin (Lutherans, Protestants, Baptists, etc)
95 theses
1500’s- 1800’s ; 3 G’s (God, Gold & Glory)
European nations set up colonies in lands they “discovered”- usually destroying the native cultures
Trade with colonies in the Americas, Asia, and Africa, brought great wealth and power to
European nations & increased Europe’s global influence
Exploration
Began in Great Britain (large deposits of coal and iron)
Factories transformed life in Europe
Industrialized cities, improved transportation & communication
industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution (1700’s)
Nationalism begins to grow in European countriesNationalism= a love for one’s country
By the 1900’s the Balkans have broken up into small countries that were fighting for control of the region.Balkanization= a region that has small
mutually hostile units
Is Nationalism GOOD or BAD?
Nationalism Grows 1700’s-1900’s
World War I (1914 – 1918)World War II (1939 – 1945)
Holocaust: the mass killing of 6 million Jews & others by German Nazis (anti-Semitism)
Brought the downfall of western Europe as the center of world power
Leads to the Cold War
Conflict and Division in 20th Century
Most eastern European nations adopted Communism- creating the Cold War Satellite
nations-Nations dominated by another country
AFTER WWII
End of WWII-1980’s
A “war” (w/out actual fighting) between Communist and Non-Communist nations
US (United States)- non-communist vs.
USSR (Soviet Union)- communist
Ends with the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe & USSR (1989)
Cold War
After WWII Berlin & Germany were dividedWestern Germany =
democraticEastern Germany=
communist
Berlin (capital) which is in East Germany was divided also by the Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall fell in 1989
Berlin Wall
BERLIN WALL
In the late 1980’s Communism falls- and the satellite nations are FREE from Soviet Control
1989 They have free elections and take control of their countries!
Fall of Communism (1989)
Supernationalism: outside or beyond the authority of one
national government.
This is the trend that is happening world wide. Countries are becoming interdependent on one another.
What two examples can you think of that we’ve already studied about in North & South America?
Cooperation and Unity(Supernationalism)