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6 Years Experience of Dryer Introduction to Myanmar
Myo Aung Kyaw
Pioneer Postharvest Development Group
Contents
Backgrounds
Postharvest Problems at Harvest
Postharvest Technologies from Vietnam
Promotion of Technology in Myanmar
Dryer Distribution in Myanmar
Problems and Findings
Outcomes and Impact
Lessons Learned
What next?
Background
Attended the International Postproduction Training Workshop at IRRI in 2004
Realize the significance to PHT and losses along the value-chain process starting from the field to the market
Lack of drying facility: A big challenge for farmers and rice millers at the harvest time
Background
Constructed one unit, 8 t Capacity with Mr. Tin Oo in early 2005
However, the expected capacity was not obtained even reduced the grain load by 50%
Wrong Design, in-efficient fan and wrong husk furnace lead to poor efficiency and problem with burning of the floor of the bin, high cracks in rice kernel after drying
Postharvest problems at Harvest
Summer Rice area: 2 mil ha (5 t/ha for summer rice)
It contributes one third of total production: 10 mil MT
Harvesting period for Summer rice: face with rain falls • March to May in Lower
Myanmar
• June to August in Upper Myanmar
Problems at Harvest: High crop loss due to
lack of drying facilities Quality deterioration
due to Mold Development
Paddy price: reduced by 50%, or even “nobody want to buy” due to lack of drying facility for the wet paddy
Postharvest problems at Harvest
Support of IRRC: PHT from Vietnam
With the facilitation of IRRI-IRRC program, attended the Drying System and Dryer Fabrication Technology at NLU, HCMC, Viet Nam in 2005
3 Participants from Myanmar attended the training
Training components:
Theorectical Background of Drying Tech
Hands-on fabrication of:
• Flat Bed Paddy Dryer (fixed type, batch dryer)
• Low Cost Dryer for farmers
Learned experience of over two decades long technological promotion in Vietnam
Support of IRRC: PHT from Vietnam
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
Promotional Strategy
• To set the targets
• To get awareness
• To understand the tech
• To change their mind set
• To let them try
• To see the advantages
Methods: Demo, Training, Presentation....
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
Very difficult to get first user
Conducted many discussions and presentation with rice millers all over the country
First unit was constructed in Feb 2006
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
Hardware: Dryer components, construction service
Software: Technical Training, economic aspect, efficient operation and maintenance to the owners
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
Dryer design and performance have been improved.
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
Dryer owned by Farmers’ Group, sponsored by Swe Thahar Social Development group (Local NGO). That was constructed in April, 2012
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
• 8 tons Capacity Dryer • Location: Kun Gyan
Gone, Yangon Region
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
• Chick Pea Drying • Better quality • No need to worry in
rainy season
Dryer Promotion in Myanmar
• Corn Drying in Shan State
• Cost of drying only 3 Kyats per viss
Dryer Distribution by PPHDG (As of April 2012)
Sr States and Regions No. of Dryers
1 Yangon Region 8
2 Ayeyarwady Region 19
3 West Bago Region 17
4 Mandalay Region 8
5 Sagaing Region 10
6 Southern Shan State 3
7 Magway Region 5
8 Nay Pyi Taw Council 4
Total 74
71%
6%
15%
4%
2% 1% 1%
Nature of Dryer Ownership
Rice Miller
Private Seed Farm
Farmer Community
Bean Processing
Government Seed Farm
Co-operative
Paddy contractor (Agent)
Dryer Distribution by PPHDG (As of April 2012)
Dryer Distribution by Tin Oo Engr. (As of April 2012)
Sr States and Regions No. of Dryers
1 Yangon Region 8
2 Ayeyarwady Region 23
3 Bago Region 30
4 Mandalay Region 6
5 Sagaing Region 7
6 Magway Region 6
Total 80
Source: Bo Sein, Supervisor of Tin Oo Engineering
Problems and findings
Careless handling and operation of dryers
• giving very high temperature to the grain
• overloading of rice husk
• improper loading of paddy into the bin
• improper maintenance
Problems and findings
Modification of cylin-drical combustion Chambers
Problems and findings
This dryer was constructed by Tin Oo Engineering 2 years ago. The design of the furnace was modified with 2 drying bins on both sides of the airduct. (Photo: by Naing Min Wai, Reporter of Voice Weekly Journal)
Problems and findings
Copied Dryers
• As the design is simple and easy to copy, majority of millers want to copy
• Estimated around 200-300 copied dryers in the country
Problems and findings
Furnace Flame at the furnace outlet
Grain Bin Those kinds of copied dryers affect the reputation of real Vietnamese Design paddy dryers
Outcomes and Impact
Early 2006, relied on U Tin Oo’s Fans and furnace hardwares
Now, developed according to spec. standard of drawing
Design of furnace became more compact
Fan performs more efficiently
Fabrication
Outcomes and Impact
Proper training is required not only for the operators, but for owner is equally important
Need follow up of the dryers at least once a year
Keep updating to the owners: refresh on tech (iPhone is very handy to show video clips)
If not, big problem in quality will be encountered
If not, doing what the owner thought leading to problem with performance
If not, there might be some modifications in fan, furnace, drying bin
Operation
Outcomes and Impact
No need to worry about grain drying in bad weather
Less breakage of paddy due to dryer leads to Less broken percentage
10% higher in head rice recovery than sun dried paddy
High milling output per hr than ordinary paddy
get 5% higher in market price
Benefit to End users
Lessons Learned
Still having limitation for farmers (for low cost small scale dryers) due to shortage in Electricity Supply to the village level
Need proper concensus among community if the dryer is intended for farmers or millers’ community ownership
Lessons Learned
Proper training (for owner and operators) on drying technology, and dryer operation/maintenance is key to have sustainability
What next?
IRRI develops new furnace design with automation system
Options for Mechanization in handling operation (for loading/unloading) E.g., like screw conveyer or elevator system
