6 x 10 Longassets.cambridge.org/97805218/38429/index/9780521838429_index.pdf · Acharyulu, S., 440 Agarwal, S., 441, ... V., 461 Frank, P., 57 Frankenhaeuser, M., 210 ... G., 443,

Author Index

Abdel, H., 475, 480Abdel-Khalek, A., 472Abou-Hatab, F., 469, 470, 482Acharyulu, S., 440Agarwal, S., 441, 442, 444Agrell, A., 206, 210Ahmed, M., 442Ahmed, R., 473Ajyeya, S., 436Akarakiri, J., 471Akhani, P., 442Akinboye, J., 474Akoh, H., 415Aksu, A., 361Akyatan, N., 367Albert, R., 12, 124, 310, 480Aldila, R., 45, 46, 47, 48, 56, 62Aldrich, H., 19Alencar, E., 49, 50, 51, 53, 54Alencar, Martinez, Gravie & Fleith,

54Aliotti, N., 387Alonso, M., 77Altshuller, G., 293, 315, 316Aluni, R., 49Amabile, T., 15, 18, 20, 22, 250, 286,

297Amadori, A., 157Amali, S., 471Ambrosi, L., 132

Amietta, P., 157Amin, M., 443Amner, G., 218Anargyros-Klinger, A., 116Anderson, H., 133Anderson, K., 208Anderson, N., 210Andersson, A., 204, 217, 218Andersson, G., 216, 225Andreani, O., 134Angleitner, A., 288Antognazza, D., 378Antonietti, A., 133, 134, 138, 139, 142,

144, 145, 148, 149, 156Antonietti & Roveda, 145Anzieu, D., 116Apel, H., 181Applegate, B., 312Apte, V., 426Arad, R., 319Archer, T., 217, 228Ardac, D., 363Argulewitz, Elliot & Hall, 25Argulewitz, Kush, 25Arieti, S., 133Armellin, M., 148Armesto, M., 55Aron, A., 61, 427Aron, E., 427Arvonen, J., 210, 211

497

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498 Author Index

Ash, M., 171Ashria, I., 459, 460, 465, 470, 473, 474,

480Asturias, M., 61Atasu, E., 344Ataturk (1920)?, 368Aurobindo, S., 428Avasthi, Om, 435Ayala, F., 47Aznar, G., 78, 118

Babayeva, Y., 245, 246, 247, 250Baddeley, A., 135, 136, 140Badri, M., 469, 470Badrinath, S., 440, 441Baer, J., 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23,

24, 25, 322, 325Bakhtin, M., 240Bal, S., 445Balas, R., 285, 286Baldwin, 26Banissoni, F., 129, 143Bansal, I., 444Bapat, G., 444Barahona, E., 49, 50Barak, M., 315, 316Barolo, E., 139, 142Barron, F., 13, 22, 68, 133, 396, 397,

400, 403Basadur, M., 17, 55Basar, H., 365Baughman, W., 280–281, 289, 296Baumrind, D., 310Baykal, A., 367Baysal, B., 352, 353, 357Beaudot, A., 114, 133Beauducel, A., 191Beauvale, A., 288, 290Becchi, E., 148Becker, M., 12, 16Beer, J., 310Behera, A., 440Bekker, S., 461Belcher, T., 16Bellu, R., 131Beltran, Martinez, 69, 71, 83Bem, D., 18

Bem, S., 217Benedan, S., 145Bengtsson, M., 218Berezanskaya, N., 245, 246, 247Bergeson, J., 412Bergson, H., 104, 105Berman, A., 312Bermejo, M., 78, 79, 85, 86Bermek, E., 356Bertone, V., 157Besancon, M., 117Besdine, M., 116Bhargava, P., 434Bhatnager, A., 443Bhawalker, S., 443Bhawuk, D., 423, 438Biasi, V., 134Biasutti, M., 134Bibler, V., 241Bindoni, A., 131Binet, A., 109, 111Biondi, A., 17Biuso, C., 131Bloom, H., 58Blumenfeld, P., 415Bocci, F., 148Boden, M., 203, 276Boetto, C., 41Boger-Huang, X., 190Bogoyavlenskaya, D., 251, 253, 254Bollen, K., 324Bonaiuto, P., 134Bonar, J., 295Bonnardel, N., 118Bonshek, A., 427Bosio, A., 133, 144Bourdillon, M., 460Bovio, G., 126Brackfield, S., 250Bradshaw, G., 20Brandimonte, M., 138Brar, S., 443Braunstein, J., 98, 99, 100Brinck, I., 204Brissoni, A., 134Broclawik, K., 294Brognoligo, G., 128






Author Index 499

Brooks, L., 135Bruno-Faria, M., 53, 54Brushlinsky, A., 237, 238Buch, M., 440Buchholz, N., 167Bugdahl, V., 185Bundy, D., 462, 474Burch, D., 462

Cai, H., 377Cajide, J., 76, 77Calvi, G., 133, 134, 136, 143, 144Camara, W., 27Campbell, D., 12, 107Can, S., 368Carlier, M., 114Carlsson, I., 207, 208, 212, 213, 214,

215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 224, 225,226, 227

Carraher, D., 61Carrington, D., 25Carroy, J., 100, 109, 110Casillas, M., 52Castaneda, A., 25Castejon, J., 86Castello, A., 72Castillo, L., 16Cattell, R., 274Caude, R., 118Cecchini, I., 139Cerioli, L., 134, 144, 145, 149,

156Cesa-Bianchi, M., 133, 134Chakrabarty, C., 434Chan, D., 387, 397, 398Chan, L., 397, 398Chapple, C., 424Charles, R., 270, 274Chasseguet-Smirgel, J., 133Chassell, L., 192Chaturvedi, A., 443Chaurasia, O., 441Chen, C., 377, 378Chen, W., 383Chen, Z., 377Childs, C., 41, 56Chimento, M., 463

Chiu, C., 387Choe, I., 397, 402, 403, 405, 409, 412,

415, 416, 423Choi, K., 415Christensen, B., 203Christensen, P., 17Christensen, R., 474Churbanova, S., 237, 239Ciani, M., 128Clabby, J., 313Clandfield, D., 111, 113Claparede, E., 100, 102, 110Clark (1988)?, 26Clegg, J., 476Clements, D., 16Cocco, G., 157Coley, R., 27Colozza, G., 132Confucius, 416Coomarswamy, A., 429Corne, S., 61Cornoldi, C., 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,

139, 140, 141, 142Cox, C., 13, 15Cristante, F., 134Cropley, A., 133, 184, 185Csikszentmihalyi, M., 20, 168, 202,

252, 396, 397, 400, 403, 405, 406, 408,409, 413, 414, 416, 422, 478, 481

Czarnocki, M., 289

da Costa, L., 46, 47Dackert, Brenner, & Johnsson,

210Dackert, I., 205, 210Dackert, Loov, Martensson, 211Dalal, A., 428D’Alessio, M., 143Daniels, R., 16Davidovich, N., 325, 328, 329Davidson, J., 85, 86, 330Davidson, L., 222Davis, G., 16, 400, 412Davis, S., 19, 20De Beni, R., 138De Bono, E., 80, 113–114, 157De Groot, A., 246






500 Author Index

De la Torre, 70, 72, 80, 81, 85, 87de-Leon-de-Bernaedi, B., 46De Masi, D., 157De Prado (1987, 1991a)?, 76, 80,

82De Ribaupierre, A., 111De Sanctis, S., 128, 129De Stefanis, P., 129DeCharms, R., 18, 416Deci, E., 416Dedegil, M., 338, 348Del Greco, F., 128, 132DeMers, S., 22Demory, B., 157DeMoss, K., 22Denes-Raj, V., 242Dentu, E., 345Dernbach, D., 181Desai, N., 443Deshpande, G., 431Devlieger, P., 462, 463Dhillon, P., 22D’hondt, W., 461Diakidoy, I., 145Diehl, M., 179Diriwaechter, R., 23diSessa, A., 312Doi, T., 409Dominguez, L., 52Domino, 26Domino, G., 400Dong, Q., 377, 378Donoso, J., 59Dorner, D., 176Druzhinin, V., 250, 256, 261, 262Dudek, S., 22, 23Duncker, F., 13Duncker, K., 171, 236, 237Dunn, Dunn, & Price, 326Dunn, R., 319, 320, 326D’Urso, 134Dwivedi, H., 436

Eberle, B., 16, 316Einstein, A., 410Ekvall, G., 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 215,

218, 219, 223

Elovainio, M., 210Enns, K., 16Epstein, S., 242Er, H., 358Ercan, E., 342Ercilla y Zuniga, A., 42Ercolani, A., 143Erdogan, I., 365Erdos, G., 459, 460, 465, 470, 473, 474,

480Erixon, A., 217Esezobor, S., 474Etienne, S., 46Etuk, E., 479Eysenck, H., 215

Facaoaru, C., 176Fagbami, D., 474Faldt, E., 217Fan, X., 22Farley, F., 412Fasko, D., 17Fattori, M., 144Faucheux, C., 114Faure et al., 89Feiring, C., 310Feldhusen, J., 310, 330Fernandez Huerta, J., 71Fernandez Pozar, F., 83Ferrandiz, C., 78Ferreiro, E., 58Fiedler & Windheuser, 186Figari, P., 58Figueiredo, E., 54Finke, R., 19, 138, 139, 279, 284, 285,

286Firsova, L., 250Fleith, D., 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54Flournoy, T., 100, 110Fontcuberta, 71Fontenot, N., 17Franchi, V., 461Frank, P., 57Frankenhaeuser, M., 210Freire, P., 61Freud, S., 13, 105Frigotto, D., 142






Author Index 501

Fritz, R., 16Fryer, M., 290Fu, Q., 377Fu, V., 319Funke, J., 177Furnham, A., 26, 282Fustier, M., 293

Gadish, O., 308Gaedike, A., 251Gagne, F., 330Gakhar, S., 440Galli, P., 133Galperin, P., 239Ganczarek, J., 290Gaobepe, T., 478Garcia-Canclini, N., 43Garcia, J., 25Garcia, M., 50Gardner, H., 20, 133, 223, 330, 396,

414, 422, 423, 424Gebert, D., 189Gedo, J., 218Geissler, P., 462, 474Genovard, C., 72Gentile, C., 16, 22, 24, 25Georgsdottir, A., 117Gergen, K., 424, 425Geschka, H., 194Getz, I., 102, 117, 118Getzels, J., 68, 134, 344, 409Giacchetti, C., 131Giannattasio, E., 143Giannini, A., 134Gielen, U., 473Giese, F., 192Giesler, M., 190Gilford, J., 374Gilitwala, P., 445Gilligan, Lyon, & Hammer, 23Gissi, J., 40, 43, 44, 59, 61Glover, J., 16, 24Godoy, H., 59Goffer, N., 315, 316Gold, D., 22Goldberg, A., 218Goldenberg, J., 315

Goldfarb, P., 250Golod, G., 308, 310Gonzalez, C., 50Goodwin, G., 345Goralski, A., 271, 292, 293Gordon, W., 113–114, 278, 292, 294Gorodetzky, M., 312, 313, 314Goryunova, N., 256Gough, H., 383, 475Gourly, H., 471Gowan, J., 387Graen, C., 17Green, M., 282Green, S., 17Greenberger, E., 377, 378Greene, D., 18Greenfield, P., 41, 56Greenstreet, R., 225Greiffenhagen, M., 169Griffin & McDermott, 26Grigorenko, E., 236, 240, 397, 462, 474Grinberg-de-Ekboir, J., 46Griswold, B., 280–281, 282Groborz, M., 280, 284, 285Groenewald, F., 463Gruber, H., 19, 20, 310, 403Gruszka, A., 283, 285Guignard, J., 117Guilford, J., 12, 13, 14, 17, 68, 87, 101,

113, 133, 135, 141, 172, 190–191, 192,221, 227, 236, 247, 249, 271, 319, 445,474

Guillaumin, J., 116Gulati, S., 443, 444Gulerce, A., 424Guncer, B., 361Guntern, G., 193Gupta, A., 440Gupta, S., 441, 445Gustafson, R., 206, 210

Habib, M., 472, 474, 480Hadamard, J., 19, 107, 108, 109, 110Halman, T., 339Hamilton, V., 415Hammond, K., 242Han, K., 412






502 Author Index

Hany, E., 185Harding, H., 133Hargreaves, D., 22Harrington, D., 22Harris, D., 383Hartfield, S., 477Hartmann, H., 207Harty, Adkins, & Sherwood, 24Heath (1983)?, 25Heath, R., 16Hedges, L., 27Heier, H., 242Heikkila, A., 210Heilbrun, A., 383, 475Heinelt, G.,Heinrich, W., 177Heister, M., 178Heller-Heinzelmann, R., 131Heller, K., 184, 251Henri, V., 111Heper, M., 352, 355Himsel, A., 377, 378Ho, D., 386Hoff, E., 217, 221, 222Hogan, J., 24Hogarth, R., 242Hong, E., 318, 320, 321, 323, 327,

328Honigsztejn, H., 46Horn, J., 274Horne, F., 339Horowitz, R., 315, 316Horstman, V., 225Houtman, S., 16Hsu, 383Huertas, Fernandez, 69Huhn, G., 193Hui, A., 290, 386, 397, 398Hussain, S., 441Huteau, M., 100, 109, 110, 111Hwang, S., 412

Idvall, I., 224, 225Ilgar, L.,Ilhan, C., 360Inam, A., 337, 338Infeld, L., 410

Inonu, E., 352, 355, 357Irons, M., 470Irvine, S., 462, 463Isaksen, S., 209Iscoe, I., 24

Jackson, P., 68, 134Jager, A., 191, 192James, A., 441Janbandhu, D., 442Jaoui, H., 157Jaques, E., 116Jaquish, J., 386Jarial, G., 443, 444Jaspers, K., 133Jaworowska, A., 297Jellen, H., 184, 191, 367Jeon, K., 396, 403Jeong, E., 397Jevons, W., 12Jin, S., 377Johnson-Laird, 19, 20Johnson-Laird, P., 133Joly, H., 100Joman, M., 444Jones, R., 20Jonsson, P., 217Jordan, V., 41Joshi, D., 440Joshi, S., 445Jungk, R., 181

Kahneman, 242Kaile, H., 441Kalliomaki-Levanto, T., 210Kaltsounis (1974)?, 24Kalwa, A., 285Kanevskaya, M., 250Kanizsa, G., 134Kanter, R., 315Kao, J., 315Kapoor, K., 430, 440Kapur, R., 439Kasfir, 461Kasof, J., 282, 377, 378Katiyar, P., 444Kauffman, G., 138






Author Index 503

Kaufman, J., 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25,322, 325, 342, 343, 378

Kaufmann, Fustier & Drevet, 294Kaufmann, G., 203, 211, 212Kaul, B., 445Kaur, P., 441Kaviraj, M., 430Kay, S., 16Kelly, H., 18Kenworthy, A., 19Kerala, Raj, 442Keskioglu, O., 344Kessler, C., 25Khaiangte, V., 442, 445Khaleefa, O., 459, 460, 465, 470, 473,

474, 480, 481, 482Kharb, D., 441Khazratova, N., 261Khire, U., 440, 445Kholodnaya, M., 245, 255, 263Kim, H., 415Kim, K., 401, 403Kim, R., 401, 403King, McGee, Broyles, 26Kirkland, D., 55Kirton, M., 479Kivimaki, M., 210Kjellgren, A., 228Klavir, R., 312, 313, 314Klebert, K., 179Klein, M., 218Kline, B., 310Knox & Glover, 24Kocabas, S., 349Kocowski, T., 273, 276, 288Kodelpeter, T., 181Kogan, N., 15, 22, 114, 143, 191,

319Kohler, W., 171Kohut, H., 218Koichu, B., 312Kolanczyk, A., 283Kosslyn, S., 140Kot, D., 289Kotik, N., 239Kozielecki, J., 276, 290Kragh, U., 212, 218

Krampen, G., 191Krapp, A., 184Krause, D., 189Kreitler, H., 310, 311, 312Kreitler, S., 310, 311, 312Kreuzig, H., 176Kris, E., 207Krogius, N., 246Kubiak, M., 286, 296Kubicka, D., 291Kudyba, K., 290Kuk, G., 210Kumar, A., 443Kumar, G., 442Kundley, M., 445Kuo, Y., 383Kurth, W., 169Kusal, A., 289Kwang & Rodrigues, 388Kwasniewska, J., 298Kwon, O., 398

Lalithamma, 440Landau, E., 173, 308, 309, 310Lanfranchi, S., 138Lange-Eichbaum, W., 168, 169Langley, P., 20Larocca, 148Larsson, U., 206Latocha, A., 290Lauer, K., 209Lautrey, J., 111, 115Lawshe, C., 383Lee, J., 397, 403, 413Lee, S., 415Leif, G., 225Lenat, D., 349Leontiev, A., 237, 238, 239Lepper, M., 18Lewis, D., 17Lewis, M., 310Lewis, P., 404Lezak, M., 227Li, 375Lieberman, N., 325Lieberson & Mikelson, 26Ligeza, W., 296






504 Author Index

Lilja, A., 223, 224, 225, 226Lim, W., 397Limont, W., 292Lin, H., 15, 17Lin, L., 22Lindholm, E., 282Lindstrom, L., 222Liu, D., 378, 380Livne, N., 318, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325Livne, O., 321, 323, 324, 325Lock, A., 424Loehlin, J., 26Logie, R., 138Lombroso, C., 109, 126, 127, 129Long, J., 324Lopez, O., 78Lopez, Ricardo, 52Lovecky, D., 310Lubart, T., 21, 22, 86, 102, 105, 117,

118, 191, 237, 290, 396, 400, 403, 421,423, 478

Luchins, A., 172Ludwig, A., 169Luo, J., 377Lupi, G., 138Luther, M., 169Lyons, W., 98, 99Lytton, H., 133

Maas, G., 471Maciejczyk-Clapham, M., 16Maduro, R., 432Maharshi Mahesh Yogi, 427, 438Mai, X., 377Maier, N., 172Mainberger, U., 191Majekodunmi, S., 474Majumdar, C., 433Malmstrom, P., 224, 225Maneckshana, B., 27Manly (1998)?, 25Mannetti, L., 143Maoz, B., 309Mari, S., 16Mar’i, S., 461Marin, R., 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 79, 80,

84

Marmeche, E., 118Martin-Baro, I., 61Martindale, C., 208, 282, 283, 285Martinez Beltran, J., 83Martinez Zaragoza, F., 77Martini, E., 138Martorell Pons, A., 71Mashego, T., 458, 459, 471, 472Masini, R., 142Maslow, A., 133, 309, 403Masten, Plata, Wenglar, & Thedford

(1999)?, 25Masters, M., 27Matczak, A., 297Mathieu, M., 116Mattoo, M., 442Matyushkin, A., 259Maury, L., 112, 113Maynard, A., 41, 56Mazrui, A., 459Mazurski, D., 315McCormack, A., 16McCrae, 26McDougall, J., 46McGuffog, C., 310Meador, K., 16MEB, 365Mednick, S., 127, 247, 261, 282, 319,

410Mehdi, B., 442, 445Mehlhorn, G., 174, 177, 178Mehlhorn, H., 174, 177, 178Mehra, D., 22Meibner, W.?, 188Meirieu, P., 112Melear & Alcock, 26Melucci, A., 157Mena, I., 48Mencarelli, M., 148Menchan, F., 75, 76Mendelsohn, G., 280–281, 282Meng-tzu, 409Merkelbach, V., 186Merriefiled, P., 474Metelli Di Lallo, C., 148Metzger, W., 173Miamon, O., 315, 316






Author Index 505

Micklus, C., 16Milgram, N., 318, 319, 322Milgram, R., 307, 316, 318, 319, 320,

321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328,329, 330

Milich, R., 22Miller, M., 43, 57, 58Mingazzini, G., 128Misra, G., 424, 425, 437, 438, 440, 442,

444Misra, V., 423, 427, 432Mistral, G., 60Mitchell (1988)?, 25Mitjans, A., 52Miura, K., 415Miyake, A., 135Miyan, M., 443Mogaji, A., 457, 468, 471, 475, 476,

477, 480Moger, S., 194Moles, A., 118Mondol, K., 442Montague, M., 312Monticelli, M., 135Mooney, R., 167Moore, K., 208Moore, M., 312Moran, J., 319Morande, P., 44Moreau de Tours, J., 109Moreno, J., 24, 177Morgan, R., 27Mosconi, G., 134Moscovici, S., 114Mouchiroud, C., 117, 118Mouchroud, C., 117Moyer, I., 413Mpofu, E., 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463,

468, 469, 482Mugaloglu, E., 363Muhle, G., 173, 182Mukunda, N., 434Mullert, N., 181Multifamilypro, 315Mumford, M., 202, 280–281, 289, 296Munari, B., 148Murphy, F., 60

Myambo, K., 458, 459, 473Myers & McCaulley, 26Myers, 26

Nakamura, H., 424Nakamura, J., 405, 412Nandanpawar, B., 443Nandy, A., 434Nathan, L., 427Navon, D., 285Necka, E., 274, 275, 277, 278, 281, 283,

285, 286, 294, 295, 296, 298Needling, S., 471, 472, 478Neisser, U., 203Nencini, R., 143Neruda, P., 59Neumann, E., 133Ngwarai, R., 463Nicholls, J., 273Nickerson, R., 17Nicolas, S., 99, 100Nijstad, B., 179Nisbett, R., 10, 18, 423Niu, W., 378, 380, 386, 396, 400, 403Nobre, M., 49Nokes, C., 462, 474Noller, R., 16, 17Norenzayan, A., 423Norlander, T., 217, 227, 228Norquay, G., 105Nowell, A., 27Nsamenang, A., 459, 468, 482Nunes, T., 61

Oakland, T., 469Obukhova, L., 237, 239Ohayon, Y., 327Okafor, C., 474Okatcha, F., 462, 474Okvuran, A., 360Olaniyan, O., 456, 476, 483Olmetti Peja, D., 134Oral, G., 342, 343, 361, 362, 364, 365Orio, S., 134Ortar, G., 310Orth, I., 178Orzechowski, J., 285






506 Author Index

Osborn, A., 17, 68, 82, 113–114Oshodi, J., 456, 468Osman, A., 472, 475, 476Ouvinen-Birgerstam, P., 221Oyowe, A., 456, 471Ozaydin, A., 344Ozhiganova, G., 262Ozturk, O., 352

Pacini, R., 242Padhi, J., 439Padovan, A., 129Pagnin, A., 133Pak, N., 355Pandey, R., 441Pandeya, A., 423Park, S., 397Parnes, S., 16, 17, 133Parr, D., 210Passi, B., 440, 441, 445Patai, R., 469Patel, J., 443Patel, R., 443Patrizi, M., 128Paulhan, F., 101Paulus, P., 471Paz, O., 44, 59Pazzaglia, F., 141Pearson, D., 138Pearson, M., 310Pedrabissi, L., 148Peeke, Steward, & Ruddock, 26Pektus, E., 397Peled, R., 320, 321Peltzer, K., 468Penagos, J., 49, 52Peng, K., 423Peresuh, M., 469Perkins, D., 203, 279Perleth, C., 184Peterson, J., 412Petter, G., 134Pettersson, P., 210Petukhov, V., 236Petzold, H., 178Pewzner, E., 98, 99, 100Phillips, T., 470

Piaget, J., 113, 115, 340Piepoli, N., 157Pierce-Jones, J., 24Pierce-Williams & Ramirez, 25Pieron, H., 106, 111Pietrasinski, Z., 271Piirto, J., 18Pinheiro, P., 42Plucker, J., 20, 397Poincare, H., 13, 107, 108Ponnuswamy, S., 445Ponomarev, I., 241, 242, 243, 244,

245Pool, 23Popek, S., 297Poveda, D., 70Pradhan, D., 442Preiser, S., 167, 168, 173, 180, 181, 183,

190Presbury, J., 13, 15Pretz, J., 15, 18, 21Price, G., 319, 320, 326Price-Williams, D., 24Prieto, M., 78Prince, G., 278, 293, 294Prince, R., 462, 474Pringle, P., 55Puccio, G., 463Pufal-Struzik, I., 289Punia, T., 441

Qu, X., 374, 375, 376Quadrio, A., 134Quinn, M., 25

Rabkin, L., 319Raidl, M., 117Raina, K., 423, 445Raina, M., 423, 428, 436, 437, 438, 440,

445Rajagopalan, M., 443Rajshekhar, 431Raju, S., 442Rajyalakshmi, T., 441Ramanujan, A., 424Ramirez, M., 24, 25Rank, O., 13






Author Index 507

Rao, G., 443Rao, U., 444Rao, V., 445Rapagna, S., 22Raven, J., 310Ravizza, C., 131, 132Rawlings, D., 282Ray, P., 435Reber, A., 244, 285Recepoglu, A., 346, 347Reisberg, D., 138Reiss-Schimmel,?, 116Reither, F., 176Rejskind, F., 22Renzulli, J., 16, 49, 86, 296, 297, 330Ribot, T., 12, 100, 101, 106Richards, R., 479Richardson, A., 22Richardson, J., 141Rickards, T., 194Rieben, L., 114, 115, 116Ripple & Jacquish, 24Ripple, R., 386Risberg, J., 215, 227Rivas, F., 84Robinson, A., 118Rodari, G., 148Roe, A., 13Roff Carballo, J., 71Rogers, C., 133, 403Rohrbach, B., 180Roland, A., 425, 426Romagnoli, A., 143Rosas, R., 41, 50Rosati, L., 157Rosch, E., 279Roschelle, J., 312Rose, L., 15, 17Rosenbloom, G., 319Rossetto, A., 148Rossi, S., 133Rowell, L., 327Roweton, W., 16Rubini, V., 133, 134, 135, 136Ruch, W., 288Rudowicz, E., 290, 386, 397, 398Rump, E., 16

Runco, M., 12, 22, 124, 174, 202, 270,274, 310, 397, 421, 479, 480

Ruyra (1938)?, 71Ruzgis, P., 236, 397Ryabova, T., 248Ryhammar, L., 215, 217, 219

Sadarangani, H., 436Saeki, N., 22Sager, C., 280–281, 289, 296Sahlin, N., 204, 205, 206Salazar, J., 45, 46, 47, 48, 56Salford, L., 223, 224, 225, 226Sampascual, G., 75Sanchez Sosa, J., 45, 46, 48, 50, 56Sanders, B., 27Sandstrom, S., 223Sang, B., 377Sansanwal, D., 442Saracoglu, M., 367Sartre, J., 106Satyanarana, S., 440, 441Sawyer, R., 481Sawyers, J., 319Scandura, T., 17Scheblanova, G., 250Schell, C., 173, 182Scherbo, N., 250Schliemann, A., 61Schmidt, A., 27Schmidt, J., 168Schoon, I., 215Schoppe, K., 190–191Schrader, E., 179Schuster, D., 16Segure, T., 52Sen, R., 439Sen, S., 435Sergi, G., 128, 129Serpell, R., 462, 468, 469, 474Serve, J., 170, 182Sexton, J., 342, 343Sezen, E., 365Shabalala, J., 476Shade, 25Shah, A., 439Shah, P., 135






508 Author Index

Sharma, C., 444Sharma, D., 442Sharma, H., 441Sharma, N., 439Sharma, P., 432Sharma, R., 443Shastri, J., 426Shavit, Y., 320, 321Shaw, S., 345Shcheblanova, E., 251, 260Shi, J., 374, 375, 376, 377, 378,

380Shimabukuro, L., 49Shirley, D., 244Short, E., 310Shostak, M., 461Shukla, J., 440Shumakova, N., 250, 260Shumba, A., 468Si, J., 377Siekierzynski, W., 289Silver, H., 456, 470Simon, H., 20, 246Simon, T.,Simonton, D., 12, 15, 107, 344, 396,

411, 414, 434, 438, 478Singer & Singer, 26Singer, D., 133Singer, J., 133Singh, B., 445Singh, J., 425Singh, S., 442Sinha, R., 441, 443Sisto, F., 54Sivell, J., 111, 113Slabosz, A., 280, 282, 285, 290, 294Slayton, K., 138, 285Smith, G., 204, 207, 208, 212, 213, 214,

215, 216, 217, 218, 223, 224, 225, 226,286

Smith, J., 312Smith, Johnson, & Almren, 216Smith, S., 19, 174, 279, 284, 286Smuts, H., 463Soh (2000)?, 49Sohi, B., 442Solar, M., 52

Soloman, S., 315Solowiej, J., 296Sorenson, R., 446Souriau, P., 101Spanoudis, G., 145Spear-Swerling, L., 133Spearman, C., 13Spencer, M., 312Spira, M., 133Srilatha, R., 443Srivastava, A., 424, 437, 438, 440Srivastava, S., 443Stanczak, J., 297Stanish, B., 16Staudel, T., 176Stavridou, A., 282Stein, M., 271, 273Sternberg, R., 15, 18, 21, 27, 79, 85, 86,

133, 141, 151, 174, 191, 236, 330, 374,375, 378, 386, 396, 397, 398, 400, 403,421, 462, 474, 478, 479, 480

Stocker, T., 170Stramba-Badiale, P., 139, 148Straub, W., 179Strelau, J., 288Stricker, Rock, & Bennett (2001)?,

24Strobel, M., 22Stroebe, W., 179Strom & Johnson, 26Strom, Johnson, Strom, & Strom,

26Strough, J., 23Strozewski, W., 271, 272Strzalecki, A., 271, 288, 289Sub, H.?, 191Subramaniyam, S., 439Sudhir, M., 442, 445Sudhir, P., 441Sudres, J., 116Suler, J., 207, 215Sullwold, F., 176, 192Sully, J., 100Sungur, N., 362Suroor, A., 431Suvasini, C., 424Swart, T., 461






Author Index 509

Szmidt, K., 295Szuman, S., 270

Taber, T., 16Taine, H., 100Talay, M., 345Talesara, S., 440Tan, A., 387, 388Tannenbaum, A., 328, 330Tanridag, O., 367Tas (2002)?, 365Tatarkiewicz, W., 270Taylor, C., 68Taymaz, E., 357Tebaldi, A., 128Teberovsky, A., 58Tesch, R., 464Thagard, P., 286Thomas, C., 225Thomson, L., 210Thorne & Gough, 26Thurstone, L., 141Thurstone, T., 141Tikhomirov, O., 245, 246, 247Todd, P., 477Togrol, A., 367, 368Togrol, E., 367, 368Togrol, Y., 367Tokarz, A., 280, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290,

294Tordjman, S., 117Torrance, E., 13, 15, 17, 23, 68, 69, 86,

114, 135, 143, 190–191, 192, 236, 247,308, 310, 319, 362, 387, 400, 403, 445

Toulouse, E., 110, 111Travis, F., 444Treffinger, D., 17, 260, 330Triandis, H., 409Tripathi, K., 442Tripathi, L., 434, 440Tripathi, S., 445Trombetta, C., 133, 148Trouillot, N., 44Trzebinski, J., 279, 280, 297Turan, O., 344, 345Tversky,?, 242Tversky & Kahneman, 242

Ulmann, G., 173Urban, K., 167, 184, 188, 191, 361, 367Urton, G., 42Ushakov, D., 243, 245, 246

Vaid, J., 174Valderrama-Iturbe, P., 45, 46, 48,

56van der Meer, G., 223, 286Van Dusen, L., 22van Manen, M., 464Vanderweide, M., 461Vanni, F., 133Vaschide, N., 111Vasilyev, I., 245, 246, 247Vatsyayan, S., 427, 433Vecchi, T., 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141,

142Venkataraman, D., 443Verga, T., 145Vergara, P., 49Vergine, S., 133Verma, B., 440, 441Verma, L., 443Vernon, P., 361Verreault, R., 23Verschaffel, L., 312Vetrani, G., 128Vianello, R., 138Vicari, S., 157Vivante, L., 130Vivas, D., 47, 50, 51Vizcarra, R., 48Vohra, I., 440von Staabs, 291Vosburg, S., 211Vygotsky, L, 42, 257Vygotsky, Leu, 42

Wainrib, S., 116Wali, K., 435Wallace, D., 20, 413Wallach, M., 114, 191, 319Wallach, N., 143Wallas, G., 13, 102, 103, 242Wallner, M., 174, 177, 178Wan, W., 387






510 Author Index

Wang, H., 22Wang, W., 377Ward, T., 19, 174, 279, 280, 284,

286Warren, T., 16Wartegg, E., 191Wassing, R., 470Wearing, A., 176Wechsler, S., 54Weidenmann, B., 184Weinbrenner, P., 181Weinert, F., 184Weinlader, H., 251Weisberg, R., 19, 20, 133, 279Weissmann (1992)?, 46Wendt, P., 215, 227Wermke, J., 186Wertheimer, M., 13, 171, 172, 177, 186,

236, 237West, A., 208West, M., 203, 210Westberg, K., 49Westby, L., 222Westmeyer, H., 168Whiston, S., 320, 321Whitmore, J., 310Widenberg, L., 219Wiersema, F., 315Wiessler, K., 308, 310Wikstrom, B., 223Williams, F., 143Williams, L., 282Williams, M., 426Wilmes, L., 191Wilson, R., 17, 474Winn, 43, 44Witthaus, U., 180Wittwer, W., 180Wohlgemuth, R., 185

Wolff, C., 98Wolfradt & Pretz, 26Wollschlager, G., 182Wright, B., 399Wu, D., 377Wu, J., 377, 387

Xiao, C., 376Xu, B., 22Xu, F., 374, 375, 377Xu, J., 377Xu, Z., 377Xue, G., 377, 378Xypas, C., 112

Yadava, R., 439Yang, Y., 378Yaroshevsky, M., 240Yontar, A., 361Yoo, D., 414Yoon, T., 409, 413Yue, X., 290, 386Yurkevich, V., 257, 258

Zenasni, F., 117Zha, Z., 374, 375Zhang, J., 22, 377, 378Zhang, Q., 376, 377Zhi, F., 377Zhiyan & Singer, 26Zhou, L., 377Zhou, Y., 377Zindi, F., 469Zingales, M., 157Ziv, A., 308Zuckerman, M., 412Zwicky, F., 176Zyla, K., 285, 290Zytkow, J., 20






Subject Index

AATI. See Activities &Accomplishments in TeachingInventory

ACI. See Adjective ChecklistInventory

active-forming method, 261Activities & Accomplishments in

Teaching Inventory (AATI),329

actualism, 130adaptive behaviors, 467, 478, 479Adjective Checklist Inventory (ACI),

383, 475adolescents, 220–221, 308, 320, 326,

492. See also education; specifictopics

aesthetic theory, 100, 311, 339, 431,434, 493. See arts

Africa, 7aBantu cultures, 462, 467, 470anecdotal data, 477Arabic groups, 458, 469, 483–484Brazil and, 57–58cultural influences, 468defining creativity, 462historical perspective, 468Regional Survey, 463–464research in, 456

African Americans, 23–24, 25–27,40

age, 24, 134, 223, 291, 309. See alsoeducation; specific groups

aggression, 23, 224agriculture, 56AITE. See Ariel Index of Teacher

Effectivenessalcohol, 227Alencar studies, 51alertness strategy, 278altered states, 134Alternative Uses Test (AUT),

473–474Amabile three-factor model, 20Amado, J., 57ambiguity, 117, 134, 400, 416Amerindian cultures, 42–43analogies, 102, 274, 286, 294, 295analysis/synthesis, 238, 249analytic approach, 423–424analytical learning style, 364anecdotal reports, 477angles of attack, 79Anthropophagite Manifesto (de

Andrade), 57antinomy, 293Antonietti-Cerioli test, 144anxiety, 227, 367applied research, 491Appropriation for Creativity Test

(TAC), 49

511






512 Subject Index

aptitude tests. See intelligence; specificinstruments

Aptitudes Research Project (ARP), 14Aquinas, Thomas, 124–125Arabic cultures, 469, 482

in Africa, 458, 469, 483–484Islamic tradition, 343, 345, 459, 465,

482language in, 7, 465, 469

archival methods, 494Argentina, 57–58Ariel Index of Teacher Effectiveness

(AITE), 329Aristotle, 79–80, 128ARP. See Aptitudes Research ProjectArrau, C., 58arts, 87, 310, 339, 434, 469

aesthetics, 100, 311, 339, 434, 465,493

Art Education Movement, 170art therapy, 116artists, 87, 310, 426, 429, 430, 432creative talent, 319critical theory, 312drawing production, 191experience of, 311humanities and, 39, 57, 468imagination and, 97language and, 465literature. See literaturemeditation and, 429–430psychoanalysis and, 116psychology and, 39talent in, 319traditional, 339, 340, 432, 469See also specific types, artists

Art Education Movement, 170Artificial Grammar Learning Task,

285Arvonen questionnaire, 211association, 76, 78–79, 84, 247, 250,

261, 286associationism, 99, 106, 132, 171,

493–494Asturias, Miguel, 61asynchronies, 422Ataturk, M. K., 338–339, 343

atheism, 470attentiveness, 77, 281, 283, 284Aurobindo, Sri, 428–429AUT. See Alternative Uses Testautonomic motivation, 286, 287

Baddeley group studies, 136Bakhtin, M., 240Balkan countries, 337Batelle-Institut, 194Baysal study, 352–353, 354beauty, 434behaviorism, 18, 46, 172–173Beltran creativity tests, 82Benton Visual Retention Test, 75Bergson, H., 104, 105, 106, 110Berlin Intelligence Test, 50bilingual students, 25Binet scale, 5, 109, 111BIP Center (Leipzig), 188birth order, 441Bloom, Harold, 58, 74Boden theory, 276Bohr, Niels, 207Bolivia, 60Bonnet, C., 98Borges, J-L., 58Bose, J. C., 435Bosnia, 341, 342bottom-up processes, 285Brahman, 426brain activity, 49, 227, 283brainstorming, 17, 76, 79, 82, 149, 173,

179, 296, 491brainwalking, 180brainwriting, 180brand creation, 351Brazil, 42, 43, 52–53, 54, 57–58Bruno, Giordano, 125Bulgaria, 345Byron, Lord, 128

CAD processes, 183–184calligraphy, 465, 475cancer, 223–224, 225cane, 226Cantor, M., 469






Subject Index 513

Caribbean region, 39, 41arts of, 57humanities and, 57Latin America and, 41, 42, 57research in, 45, 57scientific productivity in, 46

cartoons, 313categorical relationships, 140–141CATISC. See Cognitive Ability Test

for Identifying SupernormalChildren

Cattell 16PF questionnaire, 87causal relations, 83cave paintings, 470CCQ. See Creative Climate

QuestionnaireCDMA. See Code Division Multiple

Access SystemC-ERIC. See Chinese Educational

Resources Information CenterCFT. See Creative Functioning Testchance, 101, 411, 434Chandrashekhar, S., 435chess, 245, 247, 252–253children, 134, 143, 146–147, 320

childhood, 221, 492drawings of, 270–271education. See educationfamily. See familygifted. See giftednessinterdisciplinary curriculum, 263motivation of, 251play, 185, 270–271pre-school, 144subjective influences, 221–222talented, 320. See also giftednesstesting of. See specific instruments,

programsvalues of, 250

Chile, 52, 58, 59China National Knowledge

Infrastructure (CNKI) database,378

China, 1, 4, 374, 378, 386, 397–398. Seespecific topics

Christensen model, 203, 228Christianity, 459, 470

CIS. See Creativity Inventory forYoung Students

civil society, 366CNKI. See China National Knowledge

Infrastructure databaseCode Division Multiple Access

System (CDMA), 404Cognitive Ability Test for Identifying

Supernormal Children(CATISC), 375

cognitive theory, 13, 74, 281, 492algorithmic behavior, 297cognitive determinants, 255cognitive deficits, 256cognitive resource model, 256communication and, 114critique of, 204cross-cultural studies, 56developmental theory, 114differential psychology and, 77flexibility and, 25insight and, 376intuition and, 242mathematics and, 326neuropsychology and, 140social systems and, 423–424three dimensions of, 13

collective unconscious, 339collectivism, 425colonialism, 470color, 145, 147, 311, 312, 339–340combinatorial process, 434, 493–494commerce, 103, 316communication, 114comparative methods, 494competition, 358complexity, 204, 239componential frameworks, 20computational psychology, 204computer software, 49, 315, 326, 328,

329Comte, A., 98–99concentration, 407–408, 475–476conceptual core, 279, 280confluence models, 20conformity, 297, 361Confucian tradition, 398, 409, 416






514 Subject Index

consciousness, evolution of, 428consensual assessment technique,

15–16Consequences Test, 473–474Consortium for Research on

Creativity and Innovation(CROCI), 382, 384

construct validity, 320constructivist theory, 151context, in testing, 145continuity models, 135, 137, 140, 182contradictions, 293convergent thinking, 71, 75, 175Corsi span, 141Cortazar, J., 58counseling models, 76CPCC. See Creativity-Fostering

Instructional PrioritiesQuestionnaire

CPS model. See CreativeProblem-Solving model

CPT. See Creative Personality TestCraik-Lockhart theory, 286Creando Foundation, 193creation myths, 426Creative Activities List, 473–474Creative Assessment Scale (EEC), 77Creative Climate Questionnaire

(CCQ), 208Creative Education Foundation, 68,

75creative evolution, 104Creative Functioning Test (CFT), 213,

218–220, 223–224, 226Creative Innovation (journal), 73Creative Personality Test (CPT),

473–474Creative Problem Solving (CPS), 17Creative Process Questionnaire, 87Creative Self-Assessment Inventory

(IAC), 77Creatividad Plura (De la Torre), 70creativity, 2, 57, 68

age and. See education; specificgroups

arts and. See artsbarriers to, 50as cognitive style, 77

cognitive theory of. See cognitivetheory

continuum of, 101creator as loner, 398cultural relativity and, 1, 4, 271definitions of, 12, 71, 72, 73, 78, 80,

104, 167–168, 203, 271, 309, 466,491–492

development of, 2didactic view of, 72duty and, 272economic crisis and, 395education and. See educationexceptional behavior and, 77fear of, 251first publications on, 71five themes of, 12flexibility and. See flexibilityfour factors in, 83four types of, 275general, 145gifted and. See giftednessgovernment programs, 2, 408, 495.

See specific programs, countriesgroups and. See group methods

history of research, 11, 12, 71humanities and, 39, 57. See also artsinnovation and, 79, 188, 465, 470,

479intelligence and. See intelligenceinvestment theory and, 21journals for, 27logical process and, 78management and, 55models of. See specific models,

theoriesnegative conceptions of, 397–398novelty and, 73, 203. See noveltyparadoxical, 422perception of, 75pluralist context, 71–72psychopathology and, 116redefinition, 21relativity of, 4–5research on, 2, 3, 11, 12, 45, 49, 71.

See specific programs,instruments

science and. See scientific creativity






Subject Index 515

self-esteem and, 55. Seeself-confidence

sensitivity and, 73as social construct, 167–168, 192sociogeographics and, 76synthesis and, 73testing of. See specific instrumentsthought and, 55–56, 71, 252training courses, 16, 55–56, 76, 292.

See specific methods, programsas transformation, 78universal aspects of, 360–361uses of, 12writing and, 23, 186. See literatureSee also specific countries, programs

Creativity and InnovationConference, 194

Creativity Assessment Packet, 143Creativity-Fostering Instructional

Practices Questionnaire (CPCC),49

Creativity Inventory for YoungStudents (CIS), 403

Creativity Research Journal, 11, 18, 27Creativity Test for Preschool and

School-Age Children (KVS),191

CROCI. See Consortium for Researchon Creativity and Innovation

cross-cultural studies, 44, 56, 175, 412cross-domain configurations, 438crystallization, 6–7, 274–284cultures, 395–396

creation myths, 426culture-of-origin definitions, 464,

472hybridization, 44influences in, 362, 378psychology and, 175. See social

psychologysymbols and, 422zeitgeist and, 423See specific cultures, countries

curiosity, 8, 76, 260

dance, 279, 311, 319, 433Darmstadt Circle, 194Darwinian theory, 20, 107

De Bono, E., 51, 80, 113–114De Prado program, 82death, 309decorative arts, 469Dedegil model, 7, 338deductive thinking, 296. See logical

thinkingdefense mechanisms, 218, 227defocused attention, 492democracy, 1, 481Descartes, R., 292–293determinism, social, 236–237, 240developing nations, 480, 482. See also

specific countries, organizationsdevelopmental psychology, 114, 219,

257, 291, 492Dewey, J., 112dialogical activity, 240differential psychology, 74–75, 97, 492diligence, 411dimensions, of creativity, 145discovery, 97discriminatory intent, 129disposition, 286distancing strategy, 278distracter tests, 283divergent thinking, 16–17, 71, 75, 133,

175, 176, 492diversity, 433divine,- 271, 422, 432, 473dogmatism, 296domain-specific skills, 2, 20, 319, 406,

438, 492drama, 319, 343, 444dreams, 105, 434Druzhinin model, 256DSA. See Dynamic Selective Attentiondual task studies, 141, 282duck-rabbit image, 138, 141Dunker insight problems, 237duty, of creators, 272Dynamic Selective Attention (DSA),

284–285

Eastern cultures, 4, 290, 339, 374, 378,386, 397–398, 403, 423. See specifictopics, countries

EBSCO database, 307






516 Subject Index

ecological psychology, 172Ecuador, 60education, 48, 49, 51, 68, 111, 117–118,

491academic disciplines, 76achievement tests. See specific

instrumentsart education, 182. See arts

bilingual students, 25children, 439civil society and, 366elementary, 25, 49, 148, 258, 361,

364–365, 388, 398–399environment, 49, 53–54, 73, 182,

366, 474foreign tests,gifted. See giftednesshigh school, 309, 324, 325, 361,

398–399, 442–443homework assignments, 327instruments. See specific instrumentsinterdisciplinary curriculum, 263kindergarten, 154, 190, 362mathematics, 312–313. See

mathematicsmental age, 111middle school, 23, 51, 312–313, 314,

365, 387, 442–443pedagogical systems, 112. See

specific systemsplay projects, 185, 270–271preschool, 219reform education, 170rural areas, 77science, 398–399. See scientific

creativityteachers and. See teachersuniversity. See university studiesurban areas, 77See also specific countries, programs

Education Act of 1970, 8, 69–70EEC. See Creative Assessment Scaleegalitarian communities, 480ego, 219–220, 429Egypt, 472elaboration, 83, 87elderly, 134, 223, 309

embroideries, 339–340eminent creativity, 6–7emotions, 102, 105

affect, 102, 286connections of, 348regulation of, 245

empirical methods, 109, 349encoding, selective, 78, 85–86, 102Encyclopaedia (Diderot/d’Alembert),

97engineers, 316English-speaking countries, 10

assessment of creativity in, 14cognitive approaches, 19confluence models, 20creativity research, 12ethnic differences, 23gender differences, 22motivation and, 17organizational creativity, 17personality studies, 17social psychology and, 17Western creativity and, 10See also specific authors, programs

environmental conditions, 188, 236,249, 261, 262, 290

epilepsy, 368Espressioni test, 143ethical traits, 400ethnic cleansing, 43ethnic differences, 12, 23, 43, 493. See

also specific groupsEuropean Americans, 24–26everyday tasks, 145, 149–150, 181, 479evolutionary theory, 5, 20, 107, 428excellence, in work, 407experimental conditions, 156explicit theories, 472extensive attention, 284external determination, 259

factor analysis, 13–14, 133, 288,296–297, 405–406, 480

familybirth order, 441childhood and, 341familial norms, 409






Subject Index 517

genetics and, 110home, 327, 441influence of, 117–118, 263, 415, 492parents and, 403

fantasy, 7, 76, 131, 192, 337, 434Faustian deal, 414feedback, 18Ferreiro, E., 62–63Festinger, L., 173field factors, 405–406FirstSearch database, 307flexibility, 73, 83, 84, 103, 117, 441flotation tank, 227–228Flournoy-Claparede questionnaire,

110fluency, 251–252, 255, 316, 322–323,

387, 441, 476fluid intelligence, 83, 274–284folk arts, 339, 340, 432, 480, 482. See

specific groups, countriesforecasting, 238forward thinking, 21four-stage model, 242France, 96

French-speaking countries, 5history of research in, 97introspection, 98multivariate/differential approach,

117positivism and, 98phrenology and, 98psychology in, 46

Freinet, C., 111–112, 113Freire, P., 61Freud, S., 105, 168–169functional analysis, 293functionalist psychology, 132Fustier technique, 293Future Conference method, 180, 181

Gall, F., 98Galperin, P., 239Galton, F., 68, 111game events, 261Gandhi, M., 422, 424garland metaphor, 344, 423GCN. See Global Creativity Network

gender differences, 493Africa and, 461, 475creativity and, 18ethnic group differences, 12ideational fluency, 387socio-cultural factors, 440, 441U.S. and, 22

Geneplore model, 19general creativity, 145generalization, 260generation gap, 414genetics, 431, 473, 492genius, 6, 19, 127, 128–129, 131Genius, Insanity and Fame

(Lange-Eichbaum), 168–169Gentile, G., 130Geography of Thought, The (Nisbett), 10geometric figures, 142, 176, 243, 285,

469, 470German-speaking countries, 5, 167

creativity diagnostics, 190Gestalt theory. See Gestalt

psychologyorganizational research, 178research in, 174socio-cultural backgrounds, 168therapeutic context, 177

Gestalt psychology, 475associationism and, 171fantasy and, 132Italy and, 134Marxism and, 6–7, 235–236problem-solving and, 172theory of, 168, 171, 493–494

Getzels-Jackson study, 133–134giftedness, 16, 260, 328–329

Center of Creative Giftedness, 250Chinese studies, 374–375, 377,

387cognitive theory and, 285computerized units, 328conceptualizations of, 329–330creativity and, 75, 78, 85, 258, 259four dimensions of, 316–317German studies, 184GIFT questionnaire, 78, 83, 86–87Gifted Child program, 260–261






518 Subject Index

giftedness (cont.)International Congress on the

Highly Gifted, 70Korean studies, 415measures of, 23–24personality and, 251schools and, 86. See educationself-concept and, 310structural model, 318supernormal children, 375

Global Creativity Network (GCN),457

global learning style, 364GMAT exams, 27goal-seeking, 274–278, 284. See also

problem solvingGoralski theory, 293Gordon synectics, 292government programs, 2, 408, 495. See

specific nations, programsGraduate Record Exam (GRE), 27graphic tests, 84Group Inventory for Finding Creative

Talent (GIFT) CreativityQuestionnaire, 78, 83, 86–87

group methods, 180, 294, 296,297–298, 471, 491

Gruber model, 20guess, 236Guilford model, 4–5, 12, 68, 75, 101,

113–114, 191, 236, 440, 445Guntern, G., 193

H/P model, 276Hadamard, J., 107, 108Haiti, 58Hands On program, 145Harvard intelligence project, 81Heider, F., 173heredity, 12heuristics, 240, 252, 253–254, 292–293,

295, 297, 312, 316, 492Hindi language, 9, 426historiometry, 494holistic approaches, 260, 423–424, 425Homework Motivation and

Preference Questionnaire, 327

homework style, 327Hong Kong, 4, 386hubris, 276, 288Huidobro, V., 58human relations, 409humanistic psychology, 18, 133humanities, 39, 57humor, 308, 313, 314, 386Hwan, W., 414hypnagogic state, 139

IAC. See Creative Self-AssessmentInventory

iconic memory, 256idealism, 126ideograms, 80images, 139, 243imagination, 97, 492

art and, 97. See also artscognitive approach, 376, 377, 492constructive, 132diffuse, 103fantasy and, 131imaginary companions, 221IOE model, 75–76IR method, 76, 82prospective, 192Ribot on, 101study of, 102typology of, 102

Imaginative Relaxation (IR) method,76, 82

implicit creativity, 439implicit learning, 244implicit theories, 397, 462Inam theory, 337incubation, 103, 227, 284, 285, 492independent thinking, 190, 260India, 9, 421

contemporary trends, 433correlates of creativity research,

439creation myths, 426cultural influences, 423indigenous features, 432pratibha and, 430spiritual domain, 438






Subject Index 519

indigenous psychology, 482individual differences approach, 135individuals, vs. groups, 470inductive thinking, 296industrial design, 358, 364industrial psychology, 118, 315, 491,

493industrialized countries, 491information, 284–285

Craik-Lockhart theory, 286information feeding, 278–279relevant, 278, 282selection of, 285

information technology (IT), 398–399,404

ingenuity, 168innatist view, 129innovation, 79, 188, 465, 470, 479Inquiries into Human Faculty (Galton),

68insight, 236, 247, 422, 492

cognitive processes and, 376defined, 237Dunker problems, 237incubation and, 285intuition and, 244, 285processes of, 85Sternberg and, 78tasks, 86

institutional creativity, 297–298, 495integrative programs, 186, 479intelligence, 13–14, 69

creativity and, 15, 77, 203, 249, 375,442

genius and. See geniusintellectual dimension, 102giftedness and, 258. See giftednessIQ. See IQ testsmental age, 111organization of, 241, 244–245, 255tests of, 15, 26–27, 49, 258, 493. See

specific instrumentsinteraction, in groups, 278–279, 471interdisciplinary research, 263, 481,

483International Congress on Creativity,

70, 73

International Congress on the HighlyGifted, 70

Internet, 315, 404intrinsic motivation, 286, 287, 406,

415introspection, 98intuition, 168, 247, 492

cognitive theory and, 242German studies, 177Hadamard on, 109implicit learning and, 244incubation and, 284insight and, 244, 285logic and, 7, 241, 242Mendelevich test, 248pratibha and, 430Sergi on, 129stimulation of, 76

inventics system, 294invention, 97, 350–351, 412

antinomy and, 293Bergson and, 104, 106brand creation, 351chance and, 101contradictions and, 293inventiveness and, 74, 351TRIZ method, 315

Inventive Problem Solving Theory(TRIZ), 315

investment theory, 21IQ tests, 15, 75, 86, 309, 319, 321,

360–361, 387, 443IR method. See Imaginative

Relaxation methodISCI rank, 354Islamic tradition, 343, 345, 459, 465,

469Israel, 5–6, 307, 318, 326. See specific

programs, personsItaly, 6, 124

assessment in, 143empirical research, 132historical antecedents, 126theoretical perspectives, 132training creativity, 148See also specific programs, persons

item-response theory, 399






520 Subject Index

Jnanpith award, 437Journal of Creative Behavior, 11, 18, 27journals, scientific, 354. See specific

publicationsJudeo-Christian values, 470. See also

religion

Kant, I., 168karma, doctrine of, 424Kepler, J., 106–107Kholodnaya model, 255kindergarten, 143, 263, 362Kingdom of This World, The

(Carpentier), 58Kocowski, T., 273, 294Kognitive Faehigkeits tests, 251, 260Kolanczyk model, 283Koran, 343. See also Islamic traditionKorea, 395

implicit knowledge, 397qualitative analysis for, 404research in, 400See also specific programs

Korean Comprehensive CreativityTest for Young Children(K-CCTYC), 403

Kozielecki theory, 276Kreitler model, 310, 311KVS. See Creativity Test For

Pre-School and School-AgeChildren

labyrinth problem, 243laces, motifs of, 340Landau study, 308, 309Latin America, 8, 39, 40

arts in, 57, 60Caribbean and, 41, 42, 57creativity research, 45, 53, 56, 57mestizaje and, 43, 44psychology in, 45–46scientific work in, 46See specific nations, programs

Latinos, 24–25, 26–27leader, creator as, 400leadership, 210, 439learning styles, 326, 364

leisure activities, 320, 321Lem, S., 272Leontiev, A., 238Leopardi, G., 128Lewin theory, 172Likert-type questionnaires, 87literature, 116, 311, 318, 432, 435, 475.

See also specific types, authorslogical thinking, 227–228, 242, 361

creativity and, 78intuitive and, 241, 242

mathematics and, 349. Seemathematics

rules of, 7, 492Lombroso, C., 6, 126, 127–128, 129Loti, P., 110luck, 411Luther, M., 168, 169

MACAM. See Multiscale Academicand Creative Abilities inMathematics

macroscopic theories, 276Maharshi Mahesh Yogi, 427, 438Mainberger creativity test, 191management, 55, 183–184, 211Maredi, S., 478Marın model, 73, 74, 84Marxist theory, 6–7, 170, 235–236,

493–494Maslow hierarchy, 5–6, 309mass media, 414, 475mathematics, 62–63, 107, 110, 312,

323, 349, 375, 445Matta, Roberto, 58mature creativity, 275Matyushkin theory, 259Mayan studies, 56mechanistic models, 103, 236medicine, 71meditation, 429–430, 444–445Mednick tests, 84, 247, 262Mehdi tests, 445memory, 77, 97, 131, 134–135,

142–143, 182, 256, 298Menchen model, 75Meng-tzu, 409






Subject Index 521

mental age, 111mental health, 116, 133–134, 168–169,

476, 493mentors, 54Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT), 216,

219, 220, 226metacognition, 151, 154metaphorical thinking, 255, 286, 292,

294, 296metaphysical systems, 423–424Metaplan method, 179Metzger, W., 172, 173Mexico, 52, 56Michigan State University

symposium, 133microscopic theories, 277Milgram model, 5–6Mill, J. S., 99–100Milta test, 310moderation method, 179modernization, 460, 481, 482Montessori system, 112mood, 211, 367moral creativity, 105morphological theory, 176Mosconi model, 134mothers, 54motivation, 17, 287

creativity and, 253as determinant, 249, 250, 257disposition and, 286intrinsic, 406paratelic,personality and, 473role of, 251traits and, 493

Mozart, W. A., 471multi-dimensional constructs,

145multi-level view, 422multi-stage models, 17multiple intelligences, 387Multiscale Academic and Creative

Abilities in Mathematics(MACAM), 323–324

multivariate approach, 117–118Muratori, Antonio, 125

music, 97, 103, 143, 253, 292, 319, 346,432, 433–434, 476, 477

Muslims, 343, 345, 459, 465, 469, 470Myers-Briggs tests, 26mystical imagination, 103myths, 103

naive creativity, 116, 257, 258Nakamura-Choe categories, 405–406Napoleon, 128native languages, 465. See specific

groupsnatural endowment, 473Necka model, 6, 294–295negative priming effect, 282neocolonial interests, 482nephropathical temperament, 109Neruda, P., 59neuropsychology, 140, 226, 227new school movement, 112Nigeria, 457Nisbett, R., 10Nobel prizes, 61, 206, 414, 435non-conformism, 437–438non-rational methods, 435non-specific processes, 139nonverbal process, 245, 249novelty, 79, 203, 237, 270, 387, 426,

434, 436, 439

Open Space method, 180openness, 410opposition, 240order, hierarchical, 425organizational psychology, 17, 18–19,

188originality, 73, 83, 84, 131, 238, 255,

318–319, 434, 436, 441, 476. Seealso novelty

Osborn, Alex, 17, 68Osborn-Parnes (CPS) model, 17Ottoman Empire, 342–343, 344–345Outward Bound Movement, 170overjustification research, 18

P-creativity, 276Padovan model, 129, 130






522 Subject Index

painting, 97, 311, 341panning approaches, 464paradigm-shifting, 19paradox, 256paratelic motivation, 284parents, 403. See familyPassi tests, 445Pasteur Institute, 207Pasteur, L., 102patent proposals, 350–351Paz, Octavio, 59perceptual process, 207, 212, 228,

475–476perfection, 407performance arts, 466, 476Perls, Fritz, 177–178persistence, 439personality, 17, 87, 133, 173, 177, 190,

250, 405–406, 439, 442, 472, 473,493. See also self-concept;self-confidence

personification, 102Peru, 60philosophical tradition, 6, 495phrenology, 98physiology, 367Piaget, Jean, 5, 58, 113, 114, 219–220,

493–494plant motif, 469plastic imagination, 103Plato, 79–80play, 185, 270–271poetry, 97, 343, 346, 430, 431, 435–436,

438, 465, 475Poincare, H., 107, 110Poland, 6, 270

assessment in, 296definitions of creativity, 271research in, 6, 290traditions in, 275training in creativity, 292university system, 288

political systems, 61, 471Polya, G., 292–293Ponomarev model, 7, 241–242, 244Popek Creative Behavior

Questionnaire (CBQ), 296–297

popularization, 3positivism, 98, 126, 129potential creativity, 270–271, 273, 274poverty, 61pratibha model, 430pre-consciousness, 223preschool see kindergarden, 219principal component analysis,

475–476problem solving, 491

creativity and, 19, 50, 239forecasting and, 238Gestalt theory and, 172ill-defined, 376problem definition, 376, 409processes of, 175real-life, 329Ribot on, 103TRIZ method, 315See brainstorming; specific methods

productive thinking, 236, 252, 423PROPEL program, 223propulsion theory, 479prospective imagination, 192prototype, concept of, 279PSCI training program, 150, 151, 152,

154, 155, 156psychoanalysis, 46, 116, 308, 493–494psychobiography, 494psychodynamic approach, 116psychological theory, 39, 45–46, 127.

See specific types, conceptsPsychology of Creativity, The (Kuo),

383Psychology of the Arts, The (Kreitler &

Kreitler), 310psychometrics, 68, 327, 440, 473, 494.

See specific instrumentspsychopathology, 116, 133–134,

168–169, 493psychosomatics, 223psychotechnics, 48psychotherapeutic process, 308Purdue Creativity Test, 383

qipus system, 42–44quality, 407






Subject Index 523

questioning, 79–80Quispe, Diego, 60

racism, 42–43, 44Ramanujan, Srinivasa, 435random words test, 78–79Rare Association Test, 84Rasch model, 399RAT. See Remote Associates TestRath, Louis, 50Raven Progressive Matrices test, 75,

310reactivity threshold, 289reading, 408real-life situations, 323reason, 97relating, art of, 79relativism, 396relaxation, 6, 227religion, 44, 271, 338, 422, 432, 473,

482Remote Associates Test (RAT), 84,

247, 250, 261remote association, 492replication, 21, 479responsbility, 409reversal, of images, 138reward systems, 18Ribot model, 100, 102risk-taking, 18–19, 251, 253–254,

412Rivera, D., 60Rockefeller, N., 60Rodin, A., 110role-play methods, 444Rorschach test, 191Rousseau, J-J., 112Rubinstein, S., 237rural areas, 460–461Russel Adjective Check List, 211Ryhammar study, 219

SACF. See South African CreativityFoundation

Sampascual study, 75Sanskrit terms, 427SAT. See Scholastic Assessment Test

Scales for Rating the BehavioralCharacteristics of SuperiorStudents (SRBCSS), 25

Scandinavia, 4, 202empirical studies, 208gender differences, 216Nobel Prize, 206organizational studies, 210percept-genetic theory, 212system perspective, 205See also specific programs

SCB. See Strzalecki SCB scalescenario technique, 180scenotest, 291Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), 27,

218, 219scientific creativity, 288, 361, 434,

442–443adolescents and, 326classification of, 106, 349humanistic psychology and, 18imagination and, 103, 350, 352, 433music and, 433–434process model, 348scientific productivity, 354See specific persons, disciplines

screening, 282sculpture, 311second language learning, 445selective attention, 282selective interference paradigm, 135self, 432–433self-actualization, 5–6, 288, 289, 309,

403, 413self-assertion, 225self-concept, 310self-confidence, 55, 190, 212, 225,

442–443self-fulfillment, 428self-image inventory, 221self-realization, 289, 428, 429self-regulation, 172–173self-solving task, 293self-transformation, 428semantic network, 283sensation seeking, 412sensivity, 73






524 Subject Index

separation anxiety, 116sex. See gender differencesshapes, 191, 243Singapore, 4, 387single-factor theories, 13–14SIT. See systematic inventive thinking

methodsituational influences, 290Situational Outlook Questionnaire

(SOQ), 209skirting process, 78slave trade, 43, 44small people technique, 293sociability, 439social psychology, 17, 493

cognitive theory and, 423–424context in, 181, 309determination and, 240environment in, 76, 181, 493gender and, 441grosups and, 470individuals and, 470responsibility and, 409social concerns, 409social factors, 475–476social impact, 467socialization and, 435sociocognitive model, 81sociocultural factors, 396, 397, 411,

423, 471, 473socio-economic status, 441socio-historical theory, 240sociogeographics, 76

sociology, 99Socrates, 79–80, 292–293Soh Index of Creative Fostering

Behavior, 49SOQ. See Situational Outlook

QuestionnaireSoueif, M.I., 475South African Creativity Foundation

(SACF), 457South Korea, 7–8Soviet/Russian psychology, 6–7, 235

Guilford/Torrance theories in, 237internal and external determinants,

249

psychology of creativity in, 236socio-historical determination, 240Western psychology and, 245See specific programs, persons

Spain, 8, 69education in, 72first publications on creativity, 71history of creativity in, 68

spatial relationships, 140–142,475–476

spiral aftereffect technique, 218spirituality, 425, 438SRBCSS. See Scales for Rating the

Behavioral Characteristics ofSuperior Students

Sri Aurobindo, 428Sternberg, R. J., 51

implicit theory and, 398insight processes, 78propulsion model, 21three-factor model, 20–21

Stevenson, R.L., 105stimulation, 252, 292Strelau Inventory, 288stress, 289Stroop task, 285Strozewski model, 271structural equation models, 318, 324structural factors, 134structure-of-intellect model, 14, 176structured imagination theory, 280Strzalecki SCB scale, 288, 289, 296–297subconscious, 102suicides, 129supernormal children, 375superstition, 338, 347Support to Basic Education Project,

364–365susceptibility, 255Switzerland, 96symbolic play, 291syncretismsynectics, 173, 294, 295synthesis, 73, 74, 79–80, 138systematic inventive thinking (SIT)

method, 315systems theory, 172, 276–277, 405






Subject Index 525

Szent-Gyorgy, A., 206–207Szilard, L., 206–207Szmidt program, 295

TAAI. See Tel Aviv Activities andAccomplishments Inventory

TAC. See Appropriation for CreativityTest

tachistoscope, 213, 214–216TACT. See Tel Aviv Creativity TestTagore, R. N., 436Taine, H., 100Taiwan, 4, 380talent, 127. See giftednessTasso, T., 128Tatarkiewicz, W., 270Taylor, C. W., 68TCI. See Team Climate Inventory; Test

di Creativa Infantileteachers, 439

curriculum and, 54, 76idea of creativity, 439influence of, 54students and, 48, 153, 398, 444, 474training of, 8, 68, 76, 148, 185. See

also specific programsSee also education

Team Climate Inventory (TCI), 210,211

technology, 315, 384, 471Tel Aviv Activities and

Accomplishments Inventory(TAAI), 318, 320, 324, 326

Tel Aviv Creativity Test (TACT), 318,319, 322–323

telic motivation, 283–284tentative structures model, 277, 278Test di Creativita Infantile (TCI), 144think-aloud technique, 309, 312, 313,

314–315thought, vs. fantasy, 338three-mountain test, 219–220threshold hypothesis, 289Thurstone PMA test, 75Tikhomirov, Oleg, 245, 246Tokarz model, 287top-down processes, 285

Torrance, E. P., 5, 15, 440Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking

(TTCT), 49, 75, 310, 361, 386awards and, 54creativity variables, 78, 86–87, 308critique of, 423deveopment of, 5, 15, 69elementary level, 24environmental effects, 262gender and, 23influence of, 15objectives of, 69pluralism and, 423translations of, 143, 250, 444–445

Torre, S. de la, 71–72Toulouse scale, 109, 111traditional communities, 480, 482training courses, 148, 174, 183–184,

185, 292. See also specific coursestranscendence, 426transformation, 102, 286transgression theory, 276tree structure technique, 81TRoP system, 295Trzebinski theory, 279TTCT. See Torrance Tests of Creative

ThinkingTurkey, 7–8, 337

artistic creativity in, 338assessment of creativity, 367creative writing in, 342education system, 359Intelligence Foundation, 359scientific creativity, 347

Turkish Intelligence Foundation, 359two-stage model, 19

unconscious, 102, 241, 248, 339United States, 495. See

English-speaking countriesuniversity studies, 49, 362, 398–399,

402, 481career and, 288creativity in, 218, 364, 384, 398–399,

400entrance exams, 365, 402. See also

specific instruments






526 Subject Index

university studies (cont.)innovation in, 356, 365learning style and, 364teachers, 54, 329

Unusual Uses Test, 221Upanishads, 426, 427Urban-Jellen Test, 297urbanization, 460Ushakov, Dmitrii, 245utilitarianism, 403, 413utopian assumptions test, 192utopian imagination, 103–104

validation, 422values, 250variety, 433Vedanta tradition, 425Venezuela, 51Verbal Creativity Test, 191verbal tests, 84, 135, 314Verma, M., 437visual puzzle tasks, 141, 142visualization, 429visuospatial tasks, 138, 139–140,

142Vivante, L., 130Vygotsky, L., 257

Waldorf School, 170Wallach-Kogan test, 143

Wartegg Drawing Test, 191Wertheimer, M., 172Weschler scale, 114Western cultures, 10

African cultures and, 469, 480Eastern views and, 386, 395–396,

397–398, 403intelligence studies, 245. See also

intelligence; specific testsintuition in, 242. See also intuitionself-concept in, 290See also specific countries, programs,

personsWhorf-Sapir hypothesis, 495WISO-net database, 178Witkiewicz, S., 270–271Wollschlager plan, 182women, 339–340. See also genderworking memory model, 135, 137,

139, 141, 182workplace, 53, 491writing, creative, 23Wundt, W., 98–99, 168, 175

Yaroshevsky model, 240yoga, 429Yurkevich model, 257

Ziv, A., 308Zola, E., 109






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