CHAPTER SIX
CHAPTER SIX
(PARTICULAR ASSIGNMENT DURING INTERNSHIP)EARLY CHILDHOOD
TRAINING PROGRAM FOR WOMEN & ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT &
INCOME GENERATION
Women empowerment is the empowerment of the
generation.(Unknown)
CHAPTER SIX Creating Livelihoods through ECD Development in
Gilgit Baltistan
6.1 INTRODUCTIONWomen empowerment is a critical issue specially
in developing economies. Women who are the major proportion of the
society are usually underserved due to male dominant rural
environment. In such environments women are limited only to
household activities and are considered traditionally inappropriate
to participate in income generation trades. Hashoo Foundation is
playing a vital role in empowering women. This project aims to
develop the concept of ECD projects and other socio economic
projects of the foundation for empowering women in area.Education
is regarded as the key factor in overcoming the barriers that women
face and the basic tool for empowering women and bringing them into
the main stream of development. Education not only provides
knowledge and skills to improve health and livelihoods, but it
empowers women to take their right place in society and the
development process. Education gives status and confidence in
decision making. Educating women is the key to reducing poverty.
The need for women education is emphasized all over the world. This
fact is presented by Sharma.U and Sharma, M.B (2004) as:One of our
greatest needs is to spread education among our women. As a matter
of fact there is room for the extension of education even among
men. The condition of womens education is, however, such that any
attempt as its spread deserves help and encouragement from all
quarters.Women status in the society and education are
interrelated. All over the world movements have been carried on to
reduce illiteracy as stated by Bhatt,D.B and Sharma, R.S (1992) The
movement for improving womens status all over the world has always
emphasized education as the most significant instrument for
changing womens subjugated position in society.Womens education has
an important role in the development of nations. The literacy rate
of women also has impact on the economic condition and reduction of
poverty of the country.6.1.1 BackgroundHashoo Foundation (HF) is a
progressive and dynamic non-profit organization, leading the way in
human development and poverty alleviation by implementing viable
economic development, educational and capacity building programs
and donor supported projects in Pakistan since 1988. Whilst the
foundation has a particular focus on women and the youth it does,
however, also provide care and support services to the less
privileged and vulnerable members of the society. Creating
livelihood through ECD development in Gilgit Baltistan (GB) is a
project of foreign donor Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur International
Zusammenarbit (GIZ). Project is started in December 01, 2013 and
will be end on February 28, 2015. Goal of the project is to
contribute to the livelihood of young females by providing them
with a training opportunity in Early Childhood Development (ECD).
6.1.2 Objectives To find out how much this ECD training project has
contributed to empower women To investigate how many skilled women
have been produced so far by project and how they are utilizing
their expertise To find how this project assisted young women in
building their confidence & decision making power
6.1.3 Research Questions To what extent have ECD Training in GB
been successful in strengthening women in this region? Have the HF
been helpful in empowering women in the region?6.1.4 Statement of
the Problem The World Education Forum emphasized the importance of
ECD. Throughout the world, numerous researchers have demonstrated
the powerful impact of early childhood education on school
enrollment, completion of education, healthy life, economic
productivity & social responsibility. Moreover, Early Childhood
Education (ECE) has been considered a fundamental pillar for later
on lifelong learning in different educational policy, discussions
and dialogues in Pakistan, and elsewhere. It has been recognized
that attention to young childrens education is critical to work on
Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and
to a sustainable development of education at the national
level.6.1.5 Significance of the Study This research has helped me
at a personal and professional level by strengthening my
understanding of Early Childhood Education and conducting this in
depth study, in the quantitative and qualitative paradigm, has
facilitate me to understand the process of research methods and
enhanced my skills in doing research. Along this I am also enable
to understand the practical tasks of project and its practical
implementations in given organization. This finding will also be
useful in informing educational leaders, teacher educators and
policy makers about the practices, possible challenges
recommendations. It will also provide some guidelines to the ECD
teachers and other stakeholders in the best possible implementation
of learning, gained from the programme. This study provide the post
project effects of women empowerment and projects impact on
employment, income generation and decision making process in their
daily life.6.1.6 Limitation of the ResearchLimitations of our study
are as follow:1. Time of this research work is specific and short,
so time is one of the main limitations of our study.1. For
computing secondary data, access to online journals and article is
control from university server, so data collection from main
sources of social science is restricted.1. Computing of primary
data through questioners was difficult task because the
participants/ respondents were outside of the organization.6.2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this study I have investigate the
methodology used for my research. Silverman (1993) defined
methodology as General approaches to studying a research topic to
establish how one can will go about studying any phenomenon. These
studies start with a discussion of rational for considering both
qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Within the many
methodologies in this chapter, I have used interviews and developed
questionnaires for data collection. It includes a discussion of
basic research design, sample selection, data collection methods,
data analysis strategy and ethical consideration that were taken
into account during the study.This study mainly investigates ECD
Trainings for women and impact of their Training on empowerment and
income generation. The project is implemented by Hashoo Foundation
with coordination with foreign donor GIZ, for the improvement of
women empowerment & for socio economic development in the five
districts of GB. These trainings provide the concept of women
entrepreneurship and created different ways for employment and
entrepreneurship opportunities. Many of successful stories
developed after training and they got the ways and sources for
income generation along with the educational skill
development.6.2.1 Data CollectionThe data was collected from
trained participants of the first batch who are working in
different ECD sectors. Questioner was designed to collect required
data. As the role of research is to investigate the role of ECD in
women empowerment and income contribution of households, there for
sample of 20 trainers were also selected to know about their views
regarding the income earned by them and to assess the change in
their life style and their involvement in decision making process.
A special questioner format was also developed to collect the data
from parents.6.2.1.1 Primary DataPrimary sources of data collection
are participants of training, project coordinators and team.
Several interviews are conducted to gather the data and questioners
are also used in primary data collection.6.2.1.2 Secondary
DataSecondary sources of data collections are books, journals, on
line article and from other internet sources.
6.3 SAMPLING METHOD6.3.1 Sampling DistributionAreaTargeted
Population SizeSelected Sample Size
Participants
TrainersManagementParticipantsTrainersManagement
GB606123044
6.4 DATA ANALYSISData was first gathered from relevant source
like a sample of 30 Participants, project team and persons
including coordinator project from the management. Data was
analyzed by using statistical and inferential tools like graphs and
tables using SPSS Software. The data obtained through questioner
and checklists was initially fed into SPSS analysis and finally put
into MS Word.6.4.1 Descriptive StatisticDescriptive statistics
refers to the transformation of raw data into a form that will make
them easy to understand and interpret (Zikmund, 1991 cited in Karim
& Batra, 2009). Descriptive statistics helps to simplify a
large amount of data, as this research has a lot of data and
measures, so descriptive statistics were used to simplify the data
measures and interpretation. Frequency distribution, percentage,
mean and standard deviation were used for measurement. Descriptive
research method is used in this study. Descriptive research is to
describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon. Descriptive
research seeks to determine the answers to who, what, when, where,
and how questions (Zikmund, 1991 cited in Karim & Batra, 2009).
Inferential statistical tools were used in this research for
testing of hypothesis and making inferences.6.4.2 Inferential
StatisticInferential statistics were used to create inferences
concerning a population from a sample in order to take a broad view
and /or make predictions about the future
(http://statistics.laerd.com). Chi-Square test was done in SPSS
software for testing of hypothesis based on goodness of fit for all
individual indicators separately. Goodness of fit tells us about
how well the statistical model fits a set of observation
(http://cnx.org).
INCOME UTILIZATION
Source: Authors own calculationsThe above graph depicts that how
participants of training are utilizing their income. The detailed
breakdown of income utilization shows that mostly the earned income
is used to meet family educational expenses of siblings and very
low portion of income is utilized in personal expenses and savings,
whereas a portion of income is also used for domestic expenses by
participants.The breakdown shows that this project is mainly
contributing to fulfill the educational needs and domestic needs of
women. Spending on educational purpose also help the society to be
educated.
COMPARISON OF WOMENS STATUS BEFORE & AFTER PROJECT
The above graphs show the involvement of these women in their
family matters before and after being employed. The study also
finds that the interviewed women are in favor of the view that this
project has helped in building their confidence and their decisions
are hounerd by family after the joining of this project. They feel
that due to being able to earn a significant amount of money to
bear at least their household expenses and educational expenses of
their siblings, they are now considered as an important member of
family, therefore they are involve or consulted while taking
decision at family level. This shows that this project is
contributed in the women empowerment.CONFIDENCE BUILDING
DISCUSSION
Internship Report on Hashoo FoundationPage 60
