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CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathyCardiomyopathies are group of diseases which involve the heart muscles and affect cardiac funtions.Cardiomyopathy-Classification Classification Primary Cardiomyopathies which may be genetic or acquiredSecondary Cardiomyopathies- which are accompanied by other organ system involment

Can be classified according to the functional abnormalityDilated (congestive)HypertrophicRestrictiveObliterative

Dilated CardiomyopathyAetiologyMyocarditis Alcohol or other toxicitiesGenetic influences Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Very large heart has a globoid shape because all of the chambers are dilated myocardium is flabby, and poorly contractile

Cardiomyopathy-MicroscopyThe heart in cardiomyopathy demonstrates hypertrophy of myocardial fibers (prominent dark nuclei along with interstitial fibrosis).

Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyAetiologyGenetic causes

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Left ventricular hypertrophy, with asymmetric bulging of a very large interventricular septum into the left ventricular chamber. Half of these cases are familial

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Extensive myocyte hypertropy,haphazard disaaray of bundles of myocytes or individual myocytes .

AetiologyIdiopathic Amyloidosis SarcoidosisMetastatic tumor Restrictive cardiomyopathyVentricles are approximately normal size or slightly enlarged,the cavities are not dilated and the myocardium is firm. Biatrial dilatation is commonly observed.

Restrictive cardiomyopathyMyocardium demonstrates amorphous deposits of pale pink material between myocardial fibers.Patchy or diffuse interstitial fibrosis Amyloidosis is a cause for "restrictive" cardiomyopathy.

Type of CMP

Findings

Dilated (Congestive)All four chambers are dilated, and there is also hypertrophy. The most common cause is chronic alcoholism, though some may be the end-stage of remote viral myocarditis.

HypertrophicThe most common form, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) results from asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy, resulting in left ventricular outflow obstruction

RestrictiveThe myocardium is infiltrated with a material that results in impaired ventricular filling. The most common causes are amyloidosis and hemochromatosis.

CardiomyopathyClinical features Dyspnoea Easy fatigabilityPoor exertional capacity Atrial fibrilation Stroke