The Ethnic and Religious FoodsTrends and Opportunities

5th International Food Congress (Design and Innovation)

Mian N. Riaz, Ph D.Head – Extrusion Technology Program

Food Protein Research & Development CenterTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

Tel: 979/845-2741; Fax: 979/458-0019E-mail: mnriaz@tamu.eduwww.tamu.edu/extrusion

What is HalalWhat is Halal

Most nonMost non--Muslims have at least a rough Muslims have at least a rough idea that Kosher refer to Jewish dietary idea that Kosher refer to Jewish dietary lawslawsBut nonBut non--Muslims are still struggling with Muslims are still struggling with the word Halalthe word HalalHalal Halal -- The Islamic counterpart of KosherThe Islamic counterpart of Kosher

HalalHalal

It means permitted or lawful. It means permitted or lawful.

Halal foods have no restrictions on Halal foods have no restrictions on consumption or use.consumption or use.

HaramHaram

It means forbidden or unlawfulIt means forbidden or unlawful

MashMash--boohbooh

It means It means ““suspectsuspect””..

It covers the gray area between Halal and It covers the gray area between Halal and Haram.Haram.

DhabihaDhabiha

It means It means ““slaughteredslaughtered””..

When an animal is slaughtered according When an animal is slaughtered according to Islamic methods, the meat is to Islamic methods, the meat is considered to be considered to be dhabihadhabiha or or zabihazabiha..

Why HalalWhy Halal

Islam is the worldIslam is the world’’s second largest s second largest religion, also is the fastest growing, both religion, also is the fastest growing, both globally and in the U.Sglobally and in the U.S

Why HalalWhy Halal

Muslims follow Islamic dietary code and Muslims follow Islamic dietary code and food that meets the code is called Halalfood that meets the code is called Halal

Muslims are suppose to make an effort to Muslims are suppose to make an effort to obtain Halal food of good qualityobtain Halal food of good quality

For Muslims it is their religious obligation For Muslims it is their religious obligation to consume only Halal food to consume only Halal food

Halal Food RegulationHalal Food RegulationAll foods pure and clean are permitted for All foods pure and clean are permitted for Muslims Muslims Except following, including any products Except following, including any products derived from them or contaminated with them:derived from them or contaminated with them:Carrion or dead animalsCarrion or dead animalsBloodBloodSwine, including all bySwine, including all by--productsproductsAlcoholAlcoholAnimals slaughtered without pronouncing the Animals slaughtered without pronouncing the name of God on them.name of God on them.

Halal Food Regulation Halal Food Regulation –– ContCont……..

Foods are broadly categorized into four groups Foods are broadly categorized into four groups for the ease of establishing their Halal status for the ease of establishing their Halal status and formulating guidelines for the industry.and formulating guidelines for the industry.

11.. The Meat and PoultryThe Meat and Poultry2.2. Fish and SeafoodFish and Seafood3. Milk and Eggs3. Milk and Eggs4. Plant and Vegetable4. Plant and Vegetable

The Meat and Poultry GroupThe Meat and Poultry Group

This group contains four out of five This group contains four out of five Haram (prohibited) categoriesHaram (prohibited) categoriesHigher restrictions are observed hereHigher restrictions are observed hereAnimals must be Halal Animals must be Halal One cannot slaughter a pig the Islamic One cannot slaughter a pig the Islamic way and call it Halal way and call it Halal Animal must be slaughtered by a Muslim, Animal must be slaughtered by a Muslim, while pronouncing the name of God while pronouncing the name of God

The Meat and Poultry Group The Meat and Poultry Group -- ContCont……

A sharp knife must be usedA sharp knife must be used

Blood must be drained out completelyBlood must be drained out completely

Islam places great emphasis on humane Islam places great emphasis on humane treatment of animalstreatment of animals

Dismemberment must not take place Dismemberment must not take place before the animal is completely deadbefore the animal is completely dead

Fish and Seafood GroupFish and Seafood Group

To determine the acceptability of fish and To determine the acceptability of fish and seafood, one has to understand the rules seafood, one has to understand the rules of different schools of Islamic of different schools of Islamic jurisprudencejurisprudenceCultural practices of Muslims living in Cultural practices of Muslims living in different regions different regions All Muslims accept fish with scales; All Muslims accept fish with scales; however, some groups do not accept fish however, some groups do not accept fish without scales such as catfish without scales such as catfish

Fish and Seafood Group Fish and Seafood Group –– ContiConti……

There are even greater differences among There are even greater differences among Muslims about seafoodMuslims about seafood

One must understand the requirements in One must understand the requirements in various regions of the worldvarious regions of the world

For example for exporting products For example for exporting products containing seafood flavors containing seafood flavors

Milk and Eggs GroupMilk and Eggs Group

Milk and eggs from the Halal animals are HalalMilk and eggs from the Halal animals are Halal

The predominant source of milk in the West is The predominant source of milk in the West is the cow, and the predominant source of eggs is the cow, and the predominant source of eggs is the chicken the chicken

All other sources are required to be labeled All other sources are required to be labeled accordinlyaccordinly

Milk and Eggs Group Milk and Eggs Group –– ContCont------There are a variety of products made from milk There are a variety of products made from milk and eggs and eggs Milk is used for making cheese, butter, and Milk is used for making cheese, butter, and cream cream Most of the cheeses are made with various Most of the cheeses are made with various enzymes, which could be Halal if made with enzymes, which could be Halal if made with microorganisms or Halal slaughtered animalsmicroorganisms or Halal slaughtered animalsSimilarly, emulsifiers, mold inhibitors and other Similarly, emulsifiers, mold inhibitors and other functional ingredients from nonfunctional ingredients from non--specified specified sources may make milk and egg products sources may make milk and egg products doubtful to consumedoubtful to consume

Plants and Vegetable GroupPlants and Vegetable Group

Plant and Vegetable materials are Plant and Vegetable materials are generally Halal except alcoholic drinks or generally Halal except alcoholic drinks or other intoxicantsother intoxicantsHowever, in the modern day processing However, in the modern day processing plants, vegetables and meats may be plants, vegetables and meats may be processed in the same plant and on the processed in the same plant and on the same equipment, increasing the chance of same equipment, increasing the chance of crosscross--contaminationcontamination

Plants and Vegetable Group Plants and Vegetable Group –– ContCont----

Certain functional ingredients from animal Certain functional ingredients from animal sources may also be used in the sources may also be used in the processing of vegetables, which make the processing of vegetables, which make the products doubtfulproducts doubtfulHence processing aids and production Hence processing aids and production methods have to be carefully monitored to methods have to be carefully monitored to maintain the Halal status of foods of plant maintain the Halal status of foods of plant origin origin

Nutritional Supplements and DrugsNutritional Supplements and Drugs

Although, one may consume a Haram products Although, one may consume a Haram products as a medicine under compulsionas a medicine under compulsionMuslim consumers generally avoid knowingly Muslim consumers generally avoid knowingly taking anything which is Haram or doubtfultaking anything which is Haram or doubtfulMuslim may take a prescription medicine in a Muslim may take a prescription medicine in a gelatin capsule but not a multivitamin capsulegelatin capsule but not a multivitamin capsuleCapsules, unless certified Halal or labeled Capsules, unless certified Halal or labeled bovine, are generally made of pork gelatinbovine, are generally made of pork gelatinPork gelatin is considered Haram by Muslim Pork gelatin is considered Haram by Muslim consumersconsumers

Nutritional Supplements and DrugsNutritional Supplements and Drugs

Medicine that is used to cure disease and help Medicine that is used to cure disease and help over come illness is considered exempt from over come illness is considered exempt from Halal food regulations Halal food regulations Prescription drugs generally do not have Prescription drugs generally do not have alternative products to replace a prescribed alternative products to replace a prescribed drug drug If a drug is available in capsule form only, one is If a drug is available in capsule form only, one is obligated to take it. obligated to take it.

Halal FoodHalal Food

Halal food mean, wholesome, pure and fit Halal food mean, wholesome, pure and fit for human consumptionfor human consumptionGaining world wide recognition as a safe Gaining world wide recognition as a safe and hygienic foodand hygienic foodHalal food may apparently same as other Halal food may apparently same as other food, but its nature, processing methods, food, but its nature, processing methods, ingredients, handling from beginning to ingredients, handling from beginning to end should be according to the Islamic end should be according to the Islamic lawlaw

Food Industry and HalalFood Industry and Halal

Food industry like any other industry response Food industry like any other industry response to the desire and need of the consumersto the desire and need of the consumers

Consumer are interested to eat healthy food, Consumer are interested to eat healthy food, low in calories, cholesterol and sodiumlow in calories, cholesterol and sodium

Many consumers like organic and chemical free Many consumers like organic and chemical free processed foodprocessed food

Food Industry and HalalFood Industry and Halal

The ethnic and religious diversity in US and The ethnic and religious diversity in US and Europe encouraged the food industry to prepare Europe encouraged the food industry to prepare products which are suitable for different groupsproducts which are suitable for different groups

Like Chinese, Japanese, Italian, Mexican, Indian, Like Chinese, Japanese, Italian, Mexican, Indian, seven day Adventist, Jewish and Muslimsseven day Adventist, Jewish and Muslims

Food Industry and HalalFood Industry and Halal

As with everyone else, Muslims have a very As with everyone else, Muslims have a very busy life stylebusy life style

Increasingly daily activities at work and home Increasingly daily activities at work and home do not allow them to prepare meals at homedo not allow them to prepare meals at home

Muslims, like any other segment of population, Muslims, like any other segment of population, are involved with their jobs and other activities, are involved with their jobs and other activities, so demand on their time have increasedso demand on their time have increased

The availability of prepared convenience foods The availability of prepared convenience foods has become more importanthas become more important

Top ten major Halal food markets in USTop ten major Halal food markets in US

1)New York City/New Jersey1)New York City/New Jersey2) Los Angeles2) Los Angeles3) Chicago3) Chicago4) Detroit 4) Detroit 5) Houston 5) Houston 6) Dallas/Forth Worth 6) Dallas/Forth Worth 7) South Florida7) South Florida8) San Francisco8) San Francisco9) Atlanta9) Atlanta10) Washington, D. C.10) Washington, D. C.

The buying power of US Muslims is over $16 The buying power of US Muslims is over $16 billion/yearbillion/yearPopulation of approx. 8 million Population of approx. 8 million According to According to www.ers.usda.govwww.ers.usda.gov 3/2007 report 3/2007 report average spending per capita is more than $2000/yearaverage spending per capita is more than $2000/yearHalal food market is growing at a rapid pace and is Halal food market is growing at a rapid pace and is becoming an opportunity niche market becoming an opportunity niche market Not only the Muslims consume Halal products but Not only the Muslims consume Halal products but there are nonthere are non--Muslim consumersMuslim consumers(http://(http://ats.agr.ca/saharaats.agr.ca/sahara) 8/2005) 8/2005

United State Halal Food MarketUnited State Halal Food Market

Halal Meat in AmericaHalal Meat in America

In Muslim countries fast food giants like McDonaldIn Muslim countries fast food giants like McDonald’’s, s, Pizza Hut, KFC and burger king have long served Halal Pizza Hut, KFC and burger king have long served Halal meatmeat

Now in America McDonald (Dearborn, MI), KFC Now in America McDonald (Dearborn, MI), KFC (Chicago, IL), Subways (New Jersey) have some Halal (Chicago, IL), Subways (New Jersey) have some Halal franchisesfranchises

Halal Food Trade Halal Food Trade -- InternationalInternational

For the global marketer, the question is For the global marketer, the question is ““How How can I comply with the import requirements of can I comply with the import requirements of the Muslim countries?the Muslim countries?””The Halal food market potential in the world is The Halal food market potential in the world is not limited to Muslim countries not limited to Muslim countries Countries like Singapore, Australia, New Countries like Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa (with very small Zealand, and South Africa (with very small Muslim populations) have become significant Muslim populations) have become significant contributors to the world Halal trade contributors to the world Halal trade

International Halal Food MarketInternational Halal Food Market

There are several different estimates available related There are several different estimates available related to Halal Food Marketto Halal Food Market

According to According to http://http://www.dwtc.comwww.dwtc.com (02/07/07), the (02/07/07), the current estimated value of total Halal market is $150 current estimated value of total Halal market is $150 billion, but this has the potential to rise to $500 billion billion, but this has the potential to rise to $500 billion by 2010by 2010

According to According to http://http://ats.agr.ca/saharaats.agr.ca/sahara (8/2005)(8/2005) world world Halal food trade is estimated to be approximately $150 Halal food trade is estimated to be approximately $150 billion annuallybillion annually

International Halal Food MarketInternational Halal Food Market

The global trade in Halal food is now worth $580 billion The global trade in Halal food is now worth $580 billion annually and could potentially hit one trillion dollars annually and could potentially hit one trillion dollars (Reported by Agency France(Reported by Agency France--Press (AFP) Press (AFP)

Halal Food Trade Halal Food Trade -- InternationalInternational

The world is now much more accessible The world is now much more accessible because of improved transportation and because of improved transportation and communications systems communications systems It has become truly a global supermarket. It has become truly a global supermarket. The demand for The demand for Halal foods and products in countries around Halal foods and products in countries around the world is on an increase, as Muslim the world is on an increase, as Muslim consumers are creating an educated demand consumers are creating an educated demand for Halal foods and products for Halal foods and products

Halal and OrganicHalal and Organic

Most of the Halal food can be certified as Most of the Halal food can be certified as OrganicOrganicMuslim community pays attention to the Muslim community pays attention to the benefits of eating organic meat, poultry and benefits of eating organic meat, poultry and foodstufffoodstuffThe major concern for Muslim consumers is The major concern for Muslim consumers is what farmer feed to the animals?what farmer feed to the animals?They do not like to see animal byThey do not like to see animal by--product fed product fed to animalto animal

Halal and OrganicHalal and Organic

Muslim consumer like to eat Halal and Muslim consumer like to eat Halal and something that is good, wholesome and something that is good, wholesome and naturalnaturalTherefore, some of the Muslims consumer Therefore, some of the Muslims consumer turning to organic food for religious reasonsturning to organic food for religious reasons

Halal + Organic = ?Halal + Organic = ?

Halal But Not OrganicExample,Artificial Flavors

Organic OrganicHalal, But note,g, Halal Halal CertifiedOrganicallyProducedMeat Alcohol

Halal + Organic= Healthy, Wholesome, Ethical and Environmentallyfriendly Products

Labeling of Halal Foods Labeling of Halal Foods If there is no Halal marking or symbol on the label, then If there is no Halal marking or symbol on the label, then Halal consumers generally look for information about the Halal consumers generally look for information about the ingredients.ingredients.But this remains a very unreliable way to judge food But this remains a very unreliable way to judge food products and never deals with the condition in the products and never deals with the condition in the manufacturing facility.manufacturing facility.Some of the minor ingredients may no be revealed on the Some of the minor ingredients may no be revealed on the label and the product may have been manufactured on a label and the product may have been manufactured on a product line where nonproduct line where non--Halal products were also made.Halal products were also made.For example, making canned peas on the same line as For example, making canned peas on the same line as canned pork and beanscanned pork and beans

Importance of HalalImportance of Halal

Institute of Food Technologist (IFT):Institute of Food Technologist (IFT):–– Division for Religious and Ethnic FoodsDivision for Religious and Ethnic Foods

Universities:Universities:–– Cornell Kosher and Halal Food initiativeCornell Kosher and Halal Food initiative–– Halal cafeteria for Muslim studentsHalal cafeteria for Muslim students

Importance of HalalImportance of Halal

USDA Food Labeling Division Regulatory USDA Food Labeling Division Regulatory Programs has recently established Programs has recently established guidelines with regards to the use of Halal guidelines with regards to the use of Halal labelslabels

The Codex The Codex AlimentariusAlimentarius Commission Commission recently adopted guidelines on the use of recently adopted guidelines on the use of term Halal for assuring fairterm Halal for assuring fair--tradetrade

Importance of HalalImportance of Halal

New Jersey New Jersey -- Halal Food Protection Act Halal Food Protection Act 20002000Minnesota and Illinois followed suit in Minnesota and Illinois followed suit in 2001, enacting their own laws to regulate 2001, enacting their own laws to regulate the Halal food industrythe Halal food industryIn 2002, the states of California,Michigan In 2002, the states of California,Michigan and Illinois also enacted their versions of and Illinois also enacted their versions of a Halal food lawsa Halal food laws

Major Companies Going Halal in Major Companies Going Halal in Recent YearsRecent Years

Baskin RobbinsBaskin Robbins National StarchNational StarchFirmenichFirmenich IFFIFFNestleNestle DaniscoDaniscoNovozymesNovozymes GivadaunGivadaunCargillCargill Coca ColaCoca ColaWriggly Wriggly

Halal Production StandardsHalal Production Standards

Myth:Myth:There is a misunderstanding in the food There is a misunderstanding in the food industry that Halal Food Production industry that Halal Food Production Standards are the same as KosherStandards are the same as KosherTherefore, if food is Kosher, it will be HalalTherefore, if food is Kosher, it will be Halal

WrongWrong

Difference Between Halal & KosherDifference Between Halal & Kosher

Yes, there are some similarities Yes, there are some similarities BUTBUT

There are several differences between There are several differences between Halal and Kosher food productionHalal and Kosher food production

KOSHER vs. HALALKOSHER vs. HALALKOSHERKOSHER HALALHALAL

Ruminants Ruminants Slaughtered by Slaughtered by Slaughtered by Slaughtered by & Poultry& Poultry a Jewish persona Jewish person a Muslim a Muslim

BlessingBlessing Blessing before enterBlessing before enter-- Blessing on each Blessing on each inging slaughtering area. slaughtering area. animal while animal while Not on each animal Not on each animal slaughtering. slaughtering.

RestrictionsRestrictions Hind quartersHind quarters Whole carcass Whole carcass Salting Salting No saltingNo salting

Slaughtering Slaughtering MandatoryMandatory PreferredPreferredby Handby Hand

MechanicalMechanical Not allowedNot allowed Poultry Yes, butPoultry Yes, butSlaughteringSlaughtering not mammalsnot mammals

KOSHER vs. HALALKOSHER vs. HALALKOSHERKOSHER HALALHALAL

PorkPork ProhibitedProhibited Prohibited Prohibited ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BloodBlood ProhibitedProhibited ProhibitedProhibited____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

GelatinGelatin

Skin and bonesSkin and bones From Kosher animalsFrom Kosher animals From Halal animalsFrom Halal animalsDry bonesDry bones May beMay be Halal bones onlyHalal bones onlyFishFish Kosher fish onlyKosher fish only Any fishAny fishPorkPork Allowed by liberalAllowed by liberal Not allowedNot allowed

rabbisrabbis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

KOSHER vs. HALALKOSHER vs. HALALKOSHERKOSHER HALALHALAL

Enzymes:Enzymes:

MicrobialMicrobial AcceptedAccepted AcceptedAcceptedBiotecBiotec--derivedderived ProhibitedProhibited Prohibited Prohibited AnimalAnimal Kosher SlaughteredKosher Slaughtered Accepted sometimesAccepted sometimes

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Addition ofAddition of Must be added by JewMust be added by Jew No restrictionNo restrictionCheese Culture:Cheese Culture:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Alcohol:Alcohol:Permitted Permitted Not permittedNot permitted(Depending on source)(Depending on source)

KOSHER vs. HALALKOSHER vs. HALALKOSHERKOSHER HALALHALAL

FishFishWith Scales onlyWith Scales only Most accept all fishMost accept all fish

some only with scalessome only with scales____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SeafoodSeafoodNot permittedNot permitted Varying degree of Varying degree of

acceptanceacceptance____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Combining Combining Not PermittedNot Permitted Not an issueNot an issueMeat & DairyMeat & Dairy

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Special Special Additional restrictionsAdditional restrictions Same rules yearSame rules year--roundroundOccasionOccasion during during passoverpassover

KOSHER vs. HALALKOSHER vs. HALAL

KOSHERKOSHER HALALHALALSanitation of Sanitation of EquipmentEquipment CleaningCleaning Through cleaningThrough cleaning

Idle period requiredIdle period required No idle period requiredNo idle period requiredKosherizationKosherization/ritual cleaning/ritual cleaning

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Key Points in Selecting Certifying Key Points in Selecting Certifying AgencyAgency

Investigate the reputation of the agencyInvestigate the reputation of the agencyTalk with other companies who have Talk with other companies who have some experience in this areasome experience in this areaRecognition of the certifying agencyRecognition of the certifying agency–– Is it recognize world wide or domesticIs it recognize world wide or domestic–– Would other country will accept this Would other country will accept this

certificationcertification–– May ask some referencesMay ask some references

Halal SymbolsHalal Symbols

There are several symbols for HalalThere are several symbols for Halal““MM”” Crescent M Stands for MuslimsCrescent M Stands for Muslims““HH”” HalalHalal““HPHP”” Halal ProductsHalal Products““HalalHalal””““Certified HalalCertified Halal””

HALAL FOOD LOGO IN OTHER HALAL FOOD LOGO IN OTHER COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES

8. United 8. United States of States of AmericaAmerica

4. Malaysia4. Malaysia

7. Thailand7. Thailand3. Indonesia3. Indonesia

6. Singapore6. Singapore2. Canada2. Canada

5. New 5. New ZealandZealand

1. Australia1. Australia

LogoLogoCountryCountryLogoLogoCountryCountry

UK Victoria Australia

Denmark

HALAL LOGO OF OTHER COUNTRIES

France

Happy Indulgence Happy Indulgence –– Peach CobblerPeach Cobbler

HalalSymbol

On back of the box.

On back of Box

Front Cover Back Cover

Halal Symbol

HalalSymbol

Halal Symbol

Halal Symbol

Halal Symbol

Halal Symbol

Thank YouThank You

Any Questions?Any Questions?