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PROTOTYPE OF A FINGERPRINT BASED LICENSING SYSTEM
FOR DRIVING
Abstract - To prevent non-licensees from driving and
therefore
causing accidents, a new system is proposed. An important
and very reliable human identification method is fingerprint
identification. Fingerprint identification is one of the
most
popular and reliable personal biometric identification
methods. The proposed system consists of a smart card
capable of storing the fingerprint of particular person.
While
issuing the license, the specific person’s fingerprint is to
be
stored in the card. Vehicles such as cars, bikes etc should
have
a card reader capable of reading the particular license. The
same automobile should have the facility of fingerprint
reader
device. A person, who wishes to drive the vehicle, should
insert
the card (license) in the vehicle and then swipe his/her
finger.
If the finger print stored in the card and fingerprint swiped
in
the device matches, he/she can proceed for ignition,
otherwise
ignition will not work. Moreover, the seat belt detector
verifies
and then prompts the user to wear the seat belt before
driving.
This increases the security of vehicles and also ensures
safe
driving by preventing accidents.
Keywords- Safe Driving, Fingerprint, fingerprint
reader,
License, Ignition system, Smart Card
I. INTRODUCTION Unlicensed driving is a matter of concern
for
several reasons. It is possible that drivers who have not
undergone appropriate training and testing may be deficientin
some aspect of the knowledge and skills required to drive
safely and efficiently. Also, drivers who are unauthorized
may have less incentive to comply with road traffic laws in
that they would not be influenced by the rewards and
penalties set up under the licensing system. On this
argument, drivers who do not hold a valid license may
disregard the threat of license sanctions or the benefits of
reduced insurance premium due to not having made a
claim. It is noticeable in the literature [1] that the term
“unlicensed” is used interchangeably to mean one of the
below subcategories, as follows:
A) Drivers who drive but who have never
possessed any form of license;B) Drivers who have
previously held a license but
who have been disqualified; and
C) Drivers possessing only a provisional license
but whom, nevertheless, drive unaccompanied.
For many unlicensed drivers, enforcement and
penalties are not strong deterrents and in addition there
are
also administrative loopholes which some exploit. There
appears to be a general laxity in the system of checking the
validity of documents and their ownership – for example it
is claimed to be straightforward for an unlicensed driver to
pass himself off as a friend (with a license) and later
present
the friend’s documents at a police station.
According to a survey by the AA Foundation forRoad Safety
Research it has been estimated that in Sweden
approximately half of all drunken driving takes place with
drivers who do not have a valid driving license (Goldberg,
1997). Also in Sweden, unlicensed driving has been
estimated as the cause of 100 deaths and 2500 injuries per
year at a cost of more than one billion US dollars. In the
USA, in 1995, more than 10,000 lives were lost in fatal
accidents with unlicensed drunk drivers (approximately a
quarter of all road deaths in that year). The equivalent
figure in Great Britain would therefore be over 900 deaths
if this rate prevailed.
An in built system [2] in an automobile which prevents such
cases has therefore become vital. This paper
aims to introduce a hardware architecture which detects the
fingerprint as well as the validity of the license of the
driver
and takes a robust decision to turn on or off the ignition
system based on the validity. Section II describes the smart
card and Section III describes the fingerprint matching
algorithm. Section IV elucidates the architecture followed
by results in Section V and conclusion in Section VI.
II. SMART CARD
The license issued by the Government is a smart
card which stores different fields such as name, license
no.,
date of expiry, fingerprints of 10 fingers, type of license
and blocked status of the license as well as
fingerprinttemplates. These fingerprint templates are derived from
the
fingerprint scan by the process as shown in Fig.1.
Fig 1. Fingerprint Template Generation.
The biometric fingerprint sensor takes a digital
picture of a fingerprint. The fingerprint scan detects
the
ridges and valleys of a fingerprint and converts them into
ones and zeroes. Complex algorithms analyze this raw
biometric scan to identify characteristics of the
fingerprint,
known as the "minutiae". Minutiae are stored in a
fingerprint template (a data file usually smaller than the
initial scans). Up to 200 minutiae are stored in a template,
but only a subset of these has to match for identification
or
verification. In most systems, if 10 to 20 minutiae match,the
fingerprint is considered a match. In today's smart card
S.Ashwin S.Loganathan S.Santosh Kumar P.Sivakumar
Post Graduate Student Post Graduate Student Post Graduate
Student Assistant Professor
Embedded & Real-Time Systems Embedded & Real-Time
Systems Embedded & Real-Time Systems Dept of EEE
PSG College of Technology PSG College of Technology PSG College
of Technology PSG College of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
