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8/10/2019 5G Webinar
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Sponsored By
Exploring 5G: Performance Targets,Technologies & Timelines
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Today’s Presenters
Gabriel BrownSenior AnalystHeavy Reading
Shahram NiriIndependent Technologist(& Former General Manager for the 5GInnovation Center)
Moderator Presenter
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• Introduction to 5G• 5G Market Activity• 5G Technologies• Q&A
Agenda
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5G Introduction
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An Onslaught of 5G Hype
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Why is the Industry Focusing on 5G?
1. To secure funding for R&D work
2. To gain influence in the specification process
3. To attract development partners
4. To highlight IPR portfolios
5. To earn marketing advantage
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5G Performance Targets
End-user data ratesIndoor / campus >> Up to 10 Gbit/s
Urban and suburban >> 100 Mbit/s
Far rural >> ~Mbit/s everywhere
System targetsMassive scalability >> Millions of devices
1000 X capacity >> Per Unit AreaPower consumption >> Up to 90% reduction
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5G Spectrum: Sub 1GHz to 100GHz
• 5G will cater for entire spectrum band: sub 1GHz to 100 GHz• 10GHz – 100GHZ (mmW) needed for multi Gbit/s• Shared access spectrum to increase availability
• Flexible duplex (dynamic uplink & downlink; esp. small cells)• Will 5G consist of multiple well-integrated radio interfaces?• Or will 5G be a new air interface across the frequency range?
Source: Ericsson Review, June 2014
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A Wide Range of Use-cases for 5G
• 5G platform should support many service-types• Risky to define 5G technology according to a pre-defined
view of the eventual services
Source: Huawei Source: Ericsson
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5G Timeline
• Requirements phase underway• Standardization expected to start in 2016• Commercial launch from 2020?
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
WRC’12 WRC’15 WRC’18/19
Exploratory researchPre-
standardizationactivities
CommercializationStandardization
activities
Source: METIS
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5G Market Activity
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• DOCOMO to conduct 5G experimental trials withsix leading technology vendors – Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, NEC, Nokia, Samsung
NTT DoCoMo
• Outdoor field trials planned for 2015 ahead of the
start of specification work in 2016
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Google – Investigating 5G Wireless?
• History of investigation of next-gen wirelesstechnologies
• Alpanetal acquisition for self-organizing, lowpower Gigabit wireless technology – Extend fiber optics using 60GHz mmWave radio – Potentially part of a 5G type solution for LOS
indoor or outdoor applications
• Google now influential on spectrum allocation• Is 5G a point of disruption for market entry?
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• Important that cars can communicate with eachother and with other participants in the city
• Highlights role of 5G in the “Gigabit Cities” concept
BMW – “ 5G is key to self-driving car”
•Requires ultra-reliable,low-latency, networks thatwork everywhere
• Device-to-device
communication when outof operator range
• Radio is interface is the critical part of 5G, but appswill have many other performance dependencies
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• Major RAN vendors will be critical players – Depth of R&D expertise – Accumulated radio interface technologies – Will position 5G as a smooth upgrade from LTE-A?
• China will be a critical actor in 5G – Assuming a leadership role not seen in 3G & 4G – Backing itself with vast R&D investment – A net positive for 5G technology development
Other Market Activity
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5G Will be a Collaborative Development
• A number of non-aligned organisationsfunding and directing research projects
• Significant bi-lateral industry cooperationbetween vendors, operators, & others
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5G Technologies
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Drivers For Next Generation (5G)
Growing Population
Hyper Connectivity
Limited Resources
Higher Capacity
Green Technology
Cost Efficiency
Quality of Experience
Number of connections and also the volume of data overwireless networks continuously growing at a significant rate
Users more demanding on quality & price
Capacity challenge is real particularly in radio
Radio spectrum the blood line of wireless is a finite resources,scarce and expensive
The data volume growth will continue but dependent on theservice quality offered by the NW and of course the data tariffs
Sustainability of mobile broadband business - Ever increasingtraffic, higher TCO and flattening ARPU
3G & 4G both promised improvements in NW capacity, data rate,efficiency, cost and quality. 5G will be no exception but the sheer
scale of the challenges this time makes 5G research different.
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 18
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Values subject to assumption
Modest increase in number of devices and usageTraffic growth: ~70% CAGR
In 2020 depending on the environmenttraffic per km2 (1.5 to 60 Gb/s/km2)
UK needs at least ~ 15 - 20 x capacity (2013-2020)
Current LTE technology will not accommodate thepredicted traffic growth
The next generation will need to be designednot for 2020 but for 2025-2030 capacity
Capacity Challenge
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
G b / s / k m 2
Traffic growth for cases a to d
Case a: Inner London businessCase b: OfficeCase c: UK PeakCase d: UK mean
Impact of transmission mode change(ISD=300, 20 MHz bandwidth)
X f o
l d
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
SU-MIMO 2x2 SU-MIMO 2x4 JP CoMP 4x2 SU-MIMO 8x2
Transmission Mode
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 19
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Significant air interface capacity- Focus on area NOT JUST link spectral efficiency- Designed for small Cells (capacity), extended to coverage- More spectrum (Licensed & unlicensed operation, spectrumsharing & other sources)
Super low latency- Sub 1 ms, TTI: 10-25 ms- Faster signaling for higher data rate, in line with data rate
- U plan latency: frame structure, control signal timing, HARQ -For new services (MTC, gaming, ….)- For distributed control
Super reliable- For new services and applications- Smart transport, e- health, intelligent control, …
The higher capacity and lower latency necessary for widerange of services BUT not all the services required in thesame location, at the same time nor by the same air interface
May need tradeoffs incapacity, coverage and data rate
Air Interface Performance
X10(Faster than 4G) X100+
(Connections)X1000+
(Capacity)
10 100 1000
Sub 1 ms latency99.99% reliability & availability
Tech 3G HSPA+ LTE LTE-A 5G
BandwidthMHz
5 5 20 100 100+
SEb/Hz/cell
0.5 2 4 ~8 10+
Peak RateMb/s
2 42 &11
326 &86
1000 &375
10000 &5000
Latencyms
50 20 10 10 0.1-1
ASEGb/s/km 2
?
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 20
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OPEX60%
CAPEX40%
Greener Telecom Lower CTO
Greener technology (energy efficiency)- Current 2% ICT share of CO2 emission is likely to increase- Power consumption doubled in past 5 years- More power efficient HW & SW, needed- Reducing signaling through intelligent O&M and SON- Alternative energy sources
Reduced Total Cost of Ownership- For x1000 need to achieve 1/1000 delivery cost per bit!?- Deliver cost will need to be recalculated as cost per bit/km2- Saving through energy consumption- Saving through lower cost of operation (Plug & Play, Self
managed NW, Zero touch)- Spectrum and infrastructure sharing- Longer HW life cycle time- New business models -> new revenue models
Efficiency & Cost Requirements
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 21
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Multiple accessCarrier bandwidthRT Delay
TDMA124 KHz150 ms
WCDMA5 MHz50 ms
OFDMA&CS-OFDM20 ->100 MHz10 ms
Small Cell / High frequency100 Mhz -> higher0.1-1 ms
Data rate 9.6 - 100 kb/s-> GPRS
2 - 42 / 100 Mb/s-> HSPA+ & MC
300 Mb/s - 1 Gb/s-> LTE-A
10 – 100 Gb/sAsymmetric & balanced UL/DL
Transport TDMCopper & MW
TDM/ATMCopper & MW
IP/MPLSFiber & MW
IP/MPLS - Self BackhaulingFiber, MW & mmW
Core NW CS Core CS and PS core All PS (Flat IP) Flatter, N FV, SDN
Services Voice /SMS Voice & Data
/Multimedia
IP Voice & Data
Mobile Internet
IP Voice & Data (HD, 3D, …)
TV (Broadcast & Multicast),D2D
ServicePricing
Voice and SMSUsage based
Usage based ->Unlimited/Capped
Unlimited/Capped OTT, CloudFree voice(?),Unlimited/Capped
Spectrum L bandLicenced operation
L bandLicenced operation
L & S bandLicenced operation
Millimetre band (C, K, E, ….)Licensed & unlicensed operationSpectrum sharing
2G3G
4G
Full IPFlat ArchitectureEfficiency1 STD
CapacitySpectral efficiencyQoENew ServicesNew operation modelsOthers
DigitalMobility & Roaming4+ STDs
2.5GGPRS
3.5GHSPA
LTE-A
Multi-mediaCS & PS2 STDs
5G
1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s
SDR
Technology & Standards Evolution
?
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 22
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New Air Interface (Small Cells)
New waveformsNew duplexingHigher order modulationInterference cancelation / utilizationMassive MIMO / Distributed MIMOMU 3D Beam formingMulti-cell cooperationNew MAC (Light MAC)
Radio Frequency
Millimeter waveNew licensing regimeLicensed & unlicensed band operationSpectrum sharingDynamic allocation
Cognitive radio and networkOpportunistic & adaptive use of resourcesSpectrum sensingAutomated networks/ Plug & playLower and smarter use of energy
Mixed Cell & Het-Net managementCentralized RAN / Cloud RANSW Defined Radio (SDR) & Networks (SDN)Separation of data & control planesNo cell architecture
Integrated NW (Mobile+ broadcast/multicast)Network sharing
Enabling Technologies to Make-up 5G
New NW Architecture
Intelligent & Adaptive Networks
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 23
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,
int erference 0
log 1 j k
k i
i j
P C W
P N
Multi-cell Cooperation
Coordinated Scheduling3D Beam forming
Higher order modulation
More SpectrumCarrier Aggregation
Full-duplex radioCognitive RadioDynamic Spectrum SharingNon-orthogonal transmission
More Antennas (Large MIMO)
Interference cancelation / utilization
Higher capacity to be delivered by a combination of severaltechniques AND densification of network (Small Cells)
New Air Interface For 5G
Simplified air interface capacity equation
- Much higher spectral efficiency- Enhanced frequency and time synchronisation- Better interference cancelation / utilisation- Higher order modulation and better coding- Transmit and receive simultaneously- More resilient to channel estimation error- Better use of highly fragmented spectrum- A much better radio resource management- Multi cell operation- Cooperative transmission in uplink and downlink- More antennas (larger MIMO)- Separation control and data plane
- Designed for small cells- A more suitable MAC protocol for small cell- Much higher energy efficient
- Enable new services- Scalable for various traffic requirements-AND more!
24Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014
New generations are mainly defined by new air interfaces / waveformsA new air interface / new physical layer not for a few dB gain but a total
overhaul of the physical layer
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Business
Model
Lowering TCO (cost per bit / km2)Greener telecommunicationsIncreasing life time of the products
(delivering technology through SW)
New air interface
Spectrum & radio frequencyMillimetre wave
New NW architectureIntelligent & adaptive network
“Perception of infinite capacity
for users”Quality of Experience (Latency &
Reliability)New services, e.g. Device 2 device
Rethinking spectrum allocationDynamic AllocationSpectrum sharingLicensed & unlicensed operationIntegrated NW & services
(Mobile+ Broadcast/Multicast) New business modelsNetwork sharingNew revenue modelsB2C, B2B, B2B2C, C2CUtility service type operation
An Opportunity to Rethink the Mobile Business
5G success depends not only the technology but also rethinkingbusiness models, policies and economics of radio spectrum regulation
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 25
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2G, 3G, 4G
5G (?)
5G5G
BW: 100+BW: 100+
Licensed Unlicensed / Soft Licensed
BW: <100
1GHz 3GHz 30GHz 60GHz 90Ghz
Bandwidth (GHz)
Cell Size (m)
Speed (Gb/s)*
Frequency Band
1-10 10-100
Licensed Unlicensed
Shared
Best use of low (below 6Ghz) & high frequencies (mmWave) - Sub6GHz as core spectrum, mmWave (10-100 GHz) for ultra denseaccess & backhaul, Supplementary ServicesIdeally 100+ MHz channel bandwidthDynamic Spectrum AllocationCoordinated Shared AccessUse of temporal & local availability of spectrumCarrier Aggregation
Core Spectrum
Supplementary Spectrum
Spectrum remains a challenge for 5G and for the wireless industry
5G & Spectrum
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014 26
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LTE AMar 10
3G/ HSPA+
LTE B(?)Sep 14 R
1 2
4G / LTEDec 08
Dec 09
Jun 13
R992000
R 1 3
R 1 4
Sep 15(?)
5G2016 (?)
(?)
Higher Order Modulation,D2D, MTC+, CA +, ...
Unlicensed LTE, ....
CDMA
NewWaveform
OFDMA
5G Standardization & 3GPP Release Evolution
Dr Shahram G Niri, July 2014
3G: Started in 1989, standards in 1999, commercial in 20034G: Started in 2000, standards in 2008, commercial in 20115G: Standardisation 2016, commercial readiness in 2020+
27
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• Rethink the Architecture: Network-Centric to User-Centric
The “No Cell” Network
Source: China Mobile Research
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•5G will consist of a combination of techniques &technologies
• 5G will change the system architecture, especially the RAN• A much denser network (small cells) will be key to 5G
design• Spectrum remains a challenge for the wireless industry;
spectrum sharing will be critical• A greater degree of network sharing may be needed in 5G• 5G success depends rethinking business models, policies
and economics of radio spectrum regulation
Concluding Remarks
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Q&A
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Thank You!