5g seminar trial.docx

8/18/2019 5g seminar trial.docx

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ABSTRACT

5G Technology stands for 5th generation mobile technology. 5G denote the next

major

phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the upcoming 4G

standards.

5G technology will change the way most high bandwidth users access their

phones.

With 5G pushed over a V!" enabled device# people will experience a level of

call volume

and data transmission never experienced before. 5G technology is o$ering the

service in

"roduct %ngineering# &ocumentation# supporting electronic transactions# et. 's

the customer become more and more aware of the mobile phone technology#

he or she will loo( for a decent pac(age all together including all the advanced

features a cellular

phone can have. )ence the search for new technology always the main motive

of the leading

cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. The goal of a 5G based

telecommunication networ( would ideally answer the challenges that a 4G

model would

present once it has entered widespread usec..


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CONTENTS*. !+T,&-T!+/////////////..///////................50. %V1-T!+ 2,3 *G T 5G +%TW,/.//////////......67. *G W!,%1% 8T%3//////////.///////////.94. 0G W!,%1% 8T%3 ///////////////./.....................:5. 7G W!,%1% 8T%3 //////////////////...//.*;

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:.5. )%T%,G%+- W!,%1% +%TW, /////////.0;*;. &%!G+ 2 5G 3>!1% +%TW, ',)!T%T-,%///////...00**. >%+%2!T 2 5G T%)+1G8/////////////////07*0. +1-!+/////////////////////////.04*7. ',+83//////////////////////////05*4. ,%2%,%+%/////////////////////////..0


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LIST OF FIGURES*. 5G ',)!T%T-,%//////////////////////.../.*60. 8T%3 3&%1 2, 5G ',)!T%T-,%//////////////


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1.INTRODUCTION The present cell phones have it all. Today phones have everything ranging fromthesmallest si@e# largest phone memory# speed dialing# video player# audio player#and cameraand so on. ,ecently with the development of "ico nets and >luetoothtechnology data sharinghas become a childAs play. %arlier with the infrared feature you can share datawithin a line of sight that means the two devices has to be aligned properly to transfer data#but in case of blue tooth you can transfer data even when you have the cell phone in yourpoc(et up to arange of 5; meters. The creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile

mar(et placewill launch a new revolution in the way international cellular plans are o$ered. The globalmobile phone is upon the cell phone mar(et. Bust around the corner# thenewest 5Gtechnologies will hit the mobile mar(et with phones used in hina being able toaccess andcall locally phones in Germany. Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be used. Withtheemergence of cell phones# which are similar to a "&'# you can now have your

whole oCce


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within the phone. ell phones will give tough competitions to laptopmanufacturers andnormal computer designers. %ven today there are phones with gigabytes of memory storageand the latest operating systems .Thus one can say that with the current

trends# the industryhas a real bright future if it can handle the best technologies and can producea$ordablehandsets for its customers. Thus you will get all your desires unleashed in thenear futurewhen these smart phones ta(e over the mar(et. 5G +etwor(As router andswitch technologydelivers 1ast 8ard onnectivity between the !nternet access provider andbuilding occupants.5GAs technology intelligently distributes !nternet access to individual nodeswithin thebuilding.

2. EVOLUTION FROM 1G-5G NETWORKSell phones are used millions and billions of users worldwide. )ow many of us(now

the technology behind cell phones that is used for our communicationD ! havealso intrigued


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about the type of technology used in my phone. What are *G# 0G# 7G and 4GtechnologiesD*G# 0G# 7G = 4G EFGF stands for FGenerationF are the generations of wirelesstelecomconnectivity. !n *:45# the @ero generation E;G of mobile telephones was

introduced. 3obile Telephone ervice# were not oCcially categori@ed as mobile phones# since theydid notsupport the automatic change of channel freHuency during calls. *G ETime&ivision 3ultiple'ccess and 2reHuency &ivision 3ultiple 'ccess was the initial wireless telecomnetwor(system. !tAs outIdated now. The analog Jbric( phonesK and Jbag phonesK areunder *Gtechnology. ell phones era began with *G.The next era# 0G has ta(en its placeof *G. ellphones received their Lrst major upgrade when they went from *G to 0G. Thisleape$ectively too( cell phones from analog to digital. 0G and 0.5G were versionsof the G3and &3' connections. 'nd G3 is still the most popular technology# but withno internet.2ortunately# G",# an additional service# is provided over G3 for the purposeof internetaccess. G", has been developed and thus# %G", was created. !tAs moresecure and faster

than G",.

Then 7G came# the new Wireless &3' technology. !t is the Lrst wirelesstelecomtechnology that provides broadbandIspeed internet connection on mobilephones. !t has beenspecially made for the demand of internet on smart phones. 2urtherdevelopment led to thecreation of 7.5G# which provides bla@ing fast internet connection on phones# upto the speedof ". ' smart phone can be connected to a " to share its internet

connection and7G and 7.5G are ideal for this. >ut# as this W&3' technology is not availablein allregions# its not as popular as G3 yet. >efore ma(ing the major leap from 0Gto 7G wirelessnetwor(s# the lesserI(nown 0.5G was an interim standard that bridged the gap.2ollowing0.5G# 7G ushered in faster dataItransmission speeds so you could use your cellphone in moredataIdemanding ways. This has meant streaming video Ei.e. movie trailers and

television#


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audio and much more. ell phone companies today are spending a lot of money to brand toyou the importance of their 7G networ(. The above systems and radiointerfaces are based on(indred spread spectrum radio transmission technology. While the G3 %&G%

standard

<

EF0.:GF# &%T cordless phones and 3obile Wi 3'M standards formally alsofulLl the!3TI0;;; reHuirements and are approved as 7G standards by !T-# these aretypically notbranded 7G# and are based on completely di$erent technologies.

4G# which is also (nown as Jbeyond 7GK or JfourthIgenerationK cell phonetechnology# refers to the entirely new evolution. &evelopers are now going for

4GE2&3'# which will provide internet up to the speed of * G>"N !t is said to beable toovercome the problems of wea( networ( strength and should provide a muchwider networ(#ma(ing sure that the users get highIspeed connectivity anytime anywhere. +odoubt# 4G willopen new doors of revolutionary internet technologies# but for now# 7G and7.5G are the best.4G will allow for speeds of up to *;;3bps. 4G promises voice# data and highI

Hualitymultimedia in realItime form all the time and anywhere.

3. 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM2irst Generation wireless technology E*G is the original analogE'n analog oranalogue signalis any continuous signal for which the time varying feature Evariable of thesignal is arepresentation of some other time varying Huantity# voiceIonly cellular

telephone standard#developed in the *:9;s. The main di$erence between two succeeding mobiletelephonesystems# *G and 0G#is that the radio signals that *G networ(s use are analog#while 0Gnetwor(s are digital. 'lthough both systems use digital signalling to connectthe radio towersEwhich listen to the handsets to the rest of the telephone system# the voiceitself during a callis encoded to digital signals in 0G whereas *G is only modulated to higherfreHuency#


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typically *5; 3)@ and up. ne such standard is +3T E+ordic 3obile Telephone#used in+ordic countries# %astern %urope and ,ussia. thers include '3" E'dvanced3obile"hone ystem used in the -nited tates# T' ETotal 'ccess ommunications

ystem inthe -nited ingdom# BT'G in Bapan# I+et@ in West Germany# ,adio com 0;;;in 2rance#and ,T3! in !taly. 'nalog cellular service is being phased out in most placesworldwide. *Gtechnology replaced ;Gtechnology# which featured mobile radio telephonesand suchtechnologies as 3obile Telephone ystem E3T# 'dvanced 3obile TelephoneystemE'3T# !mproved 3obile Telephone ervice E!3T# and "ush to Tal( E"TT

&eveloped in *:9;s and completed in early *::;Os*G was old analog system and supported the *st generation of analog cell

phonesspeed up to 0.4(bps

'dvance mobile phone system E'3" was first launched by the - and isa *Gmobile system

'llows users to ma(e voice calls in * country


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4. 2G WIRELESS SYSTEM0G is short for secondIgeneration wireless telephone technology. econdgeneration0G cellular telecom networ(s were commercially launched on the G3standard in 2inlandin *::*. 0G networ( allows for much greater penetration intensity. 0Gtechnologies enabledthe various mobile phone networ(s to provide the services such as textmessages# picturemessages and 33 Emultimedia messages. 0G technology is more eCcient.0G technologyholds suCcient security for both the sender and the receiver. 'll text messagesare digitallyencrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transfer of data in such a waythat only the

intended receiver can receive and read it. econd generation technologies areeither timedivision multiple access ET&3' or code division multiple access E&3'. T&3'allowsfor the division of signal into timeslots. &3' allocates each user a specialcode tocommunicate over a multiplex physical channel. &i$erent T&3' technologiesare G3#"&# i&%+# !I*76. &3' technology is !I:5. G3 has its origin from theGroup special3obile# in %urope. G3 EGlobal system for mobile communication is the most

admiredstandard of all the mobile technologies.'lthough this technology originates from the %urope# but now it is used in morethan0*0 countries in the world. G3 technology was the Lrst one to help establishinternationalroaming. This enabled the mobile subscribers to use their mobile phoneconnections in manydi$erent countries of the worldOs is based on digital signals #unli(e *Gtechnologies which

were used to transfer 'nalogue signals. G3 has enabled the users to ma(euse of the shortmessage services E3 to any mobile networ( at any time. 3 is a cheapand easy way tosend a message to anyone# other than the voice call or conference. Thistechnology isbeneLcial to both the networ( operators and the ultimate users at the sametime. !ncomparison to *GAs analog signals# 0GAs digital signals are very reliant onlocation andproximity. !f a 0G handset made a call far away from a cell tower# the digital

signal may not


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be enough to reach it. While a call made from a *G handset had generally poorHuality thanthat of a 0G handset# it survived longer distances. This is due to the analogsignal having asmooth curve compared to the digital signal# which had a jagged# angular

curve. 'sconditions worsen# the Huality of a call made from a *G handset wouldgradually worsen# buta call made from a 0Ghandset would fail completely. &ata transfer in speeds is up

to 64(bps

5. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM!nternational 3obile TelecommunicationsI0;;; E!3TII0;;;# better (nown as 7Gor7rdGeneration# is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobiletelecommunications services fulLlling speciLcations by the !nternational Telecommunication-nion. The use of 7G technology is also able to transmit pac(et switch data

eCciently atbetter and increased bandwidth. 7G mobile technologies pro$ers moreadvanced services tomobile users. The spectral eCciency of 7G technology is better than 0Gtechnologies.pectral eCciency is the measurement of rate of information transfer over anycommunication system. 7G is also (nown as !3TI0;;;.

Transmission speeds from *05(bps to 03bps!n 0;;5# 7G is ready to live up to its performance in computer networ(ing

EW&3'#W1'+ and >luetooth and mobile devices area Ecell phone and G"&ata are sent through technology called pac(et switching


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Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching'ccess to Global ,oaminglarity in voice calls2ast ommunication# !nternet# 3obile T.V# Video onferencing# Video alls#

3ulti

3edia 3essaging ervice E33# 7& gaming# 3ultiIGaming# etc. are alsoavailablewith7G phones.

6. 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. !t is asuccessor to 7Gand 0G families of standards. The nomenclature of the generations generallyrefers to achange in the fundamental nature of the service# nonIbac(wards compatibletransmissiontechnology# and new freHuency bands.7G technologies ma(e use of T&3' and&3'. 7GEThird Generation Technology technologies ma(e use of value added servicesli(e mobile

television# G" Eglobal positioning system and video conferencing. The basic feature of 7G Technology EThird Generation Technology is fast datatransfer rates. )owever this feature is not currently wor(ing properly because#!T- 0;; is stillma(ing decision to Lx the data rates. !t is expected that 0 3bitPsec forstationary users# while749 bits when moving or travelling. !T- sell various freHuency rates in orderto ma(e useof broadband technologies. +etwor( authentication has won the trust of users#because theuser can rely on its networ( as a reliable source of transferring data.7G

technology is muchQexible# because it is able to support the 5 major radio technologies. Theseradio technologiesoperate under &3'# T&3' and 2&3'.&3' holds for !3TI& Edirect spread#!3T3Emulti carrier. T&3' accounts for !3TIT Etime code# !3TI Esingle carrier.2&3' has only one radio interface (nown as !3TI2 or freHuency code. Thirdgenerationtechnology is really a$ordable due to the agreement of industry. Thisagreement too( place inorder to increase its adoption by the users. 7G EThird Generation Technologysystem iscompatible to wor( with the 0G technologies. 7G EThird Generation Technology


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technologies holds the vision that they should be expandable on demand. Theaim of the 7GEThird Generation Technology is to allow for more coverage and growth withminimuminvestment. The bandwidth and location information available to 7G devices

gives rise toapplications not previously available to mobile phone users.

3obile TVI a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriberAsphone whereit can be watched.

Video on demandI a provider sends a movie to the subscriberAs phone.Video conferencingI subscribers can see as well as tal( to each other. TeleImedicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the

potentiallyisolated subscriber.

3obile ultraIbroadbandEgigabit speed access and multiIcarrier

transmission.


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7. WHAT IS 5G WHAT IT OFFERS5G Technology stands for 5th Generation 3obile technology. 5G technology haschanged the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. -ser neverexperiencedever before such a high value technology. The 5G technologies include all typeof advancedfeatures which ma(es 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand innear future.

The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new cell phones isstunning. 5G technologies which are on hand held phone o$ering more powerand featuresthan at least *;;; lunar modules. ' user can also hoo( their 5Gtechnology cellphone withtheir 1aptop to get broadband internet access. 5G technology includingcamera# 3"7recording# video player# large phone memory# dialling speed# audio player andmuch moreyou never imagine. 2or children roc(ing fun >luetooth technology and "ico nets

has becomein mar(et.'s per the present status all over the world W&3' is commerciallylaunched .omenations has planned to launch 1T% within next Huarter. perator is loo(ingahead for widescaledeployment of 1T% in 0;*0. perators will also Lnd that the timing is right toma(e theswitch because much of the Lrst generation of 7G eHuipment will need to beupgraded soon.1T% networ(ing eHuipment and handsets# already under development# will

become availablein 0;*;# and should be rolled out in large Huantities in %urope by 0;*0. clearlyshows thatwithin 0;0; 1T% will become the latest trend for wireless communication allover the world.>ut yet our Huestion remains unanswered. Why there is a need for 5G.%ven though 1T% provides wide range of growth for present wirelesstelecommunication. "eople are not in a circumstance to ma(e use of thosebeneLts in ane$ective manner 1T% might be rigorously used in ommercialP!ndustrial areas.>ut thin( of a common man who utmost utili@e 1T% for downloading a movie or ma(e avideo call. 2act


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is that there is no such groundIbrea(ing application exists in real world to beutili@ed by acommon man. 8ou might doubt how this verdict is applicable for currentinnovative world#where have enormous splendid real time applications. oncern is that our

present wirelesstelecommunications is bottlenec(ed to use those applications in an e$ectivemanner. Thispaper mainly focuses on how a 5G networ( can provide more approach to acommon man toutili@e his available possessions in an immense way to ma(e him to feel thereal progres

!f you can able to pay all your bills in a single payment with your mobile.!f you can able to sense TsunamiPearthHua(e before it occurs.!f you can able to visuali@e lively all planets and -niverse.We can loc( our 1aptop# car# >i(e using our mobile when you forgot to do

so.ur mobile can share your wor( load.5G 3obile can identify the best server.3obile can perform ,adio resource management.!f your mobile can intimate you before the call drops.3obile phone get cleaned by its own. an able to fold your mobile as per

your desire.!f you can able to expand your coverage using your mobile phones.!f you can able identify your stolen mobile with nanoseconds.!f you can able to access your office des(top by being at your bedroom.3obile can able to suggest you possible medicine as per your healthiness.3obile can estimate the Huality of your new build house.3obile can able to provide recent worth on products using its barcode.

!. F"#$%&"' () 5TH G"*"$+(* W+&","'' S'$"

In [13, 14], the authors have described some features of 5th generation wireless communication

system.

Every mobile hone in a 5! wireless system will have an I" address. #he technology is

e$ected to suort virtual rivate networ%s and advanced billing interfaces. #he remote

diagnostics also a great feature of 5!. #he uloading and also downloading seed of 5!

technology will be very high. #he traffic statistics will be more accurate by using 5!

technology. 5! technology rovides large broadcasting of data in gigabits which suorts

almost &5''' connections.

http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference13http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference14http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference14http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference14http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference13


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/. BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF 5G TECHNOLOGY

8.1. Ubiquitous Computing5G would be about "ubiquitous computing", that is, having the ability to access the

applications want from any platform, anywhere, any time. To create such an environment,

one needs to integrate various applications, emerging from various engineering practices.

Human life will be surrounded by intelligent sensors, which will bring radical change to

human life’s daily approaches of doing things, as

♦ !our intelligent car will send # to your cell phone, from your car.

♦ !our home security camera is attached to secured internet. o that you can view your

sitting room on your laptop$mobile phone screen, by accessing secure website.

♦ !ou are receiving regular ## from your hospital about your medication need and

ne%t doctor appointment.

8.2. Aggregator

&%isting telecom networ's are fashioned in hierarchical way, where subscriber trafficis aggregated at aggregation point ()*$+*- and then routed to gateways. (s shown in

figure-./lat 01 architecture will lessen burden on aggregation point and traffic will directly

move from )ase station to #edia gateways. 2ision of uper *ore is based on 01 platform.

ll networ' operators (G#, *3#, 4ima%, and 4ireline- can be connected to one uper

core with massive capacity. This is realiation of single networ' infrastructure. The concept

of super core will eliminate all interconnecting charges and comple%ities, which is right now

networ' operator is facing. 0t will also reduce number of networ' entities in end to end

connection, thus reducing latency considerably.5G Mobile Technology 2013*5

8.3. Flatter IP conceptt regular interval, semiconductor manufacturers advance to a new generation with

smaller feature sies. This allows them to incorporate more functions into a given area of

silicon and, hence, more features or new capabilities into electronic devices li'e cell phones,

0ncreased processing capacity will be allow #obile devices (cell phones, 13s, etc- to do

more tas's (instructions per minute- then before. This will lead to even the /latter 01

networ'. s /lat 01 has shifted some of the )*$+*’s radio resource functions to )ase

station, /latter 01 will shift some of the ++ functions, to #obile devices from )ase station.

/inally your cell phone will not be 6ust access device but, it will also perform some of the

+adio +esource #anagement functions.

4ith the shift to flat 01 architectures, mobile operators can♦ +educe the number of networ' elements in the data path to lower operations costs

and capital e%penditure.

♦ 1artially decouple the cost of delivering service from the volume of data transmitted

to align infrastructure capabilities with emerging application requirements.

♦#inimie system latency and enable applications with a lower tolerance for delay7

upcoming latency enhancements on the radio lin' can also be fully realied.

♦ &volve radio access and pac'et core networ's independently of each other to a

greater e%tent than in the past, creating greater fle%ibility in networ' planning and

deployment.

♦ 3evelop a fle%ible core networ' that can serve as the basis for service innovationacross both mobile and generic 01 access networ's.


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♦ *reate a platform that will enable mobile broadband operators to be competitive,

from a price$performance perspective, with wired networ's.

9. 5G !ano Core

ophisticated technology has enabled an age of globaliation. Technological

convergence is the tendency for different technological systems to evolve towards performing

similar tas's. 4hat icholas egroponte labelled the transformation of "atoms to bits," the

digitiation of all media content. 4hen words, images and sounds are transformed into digital

information, it e%pands the potential relationships between them and enable them to flow

across platforms.


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The 5G ancore is a convergence of below mention technologies. These technologies have

their own impact on e%iting wireless networ' which ma'es them in to 5G.

8 anotechnology.

8 *loud *omputing.

8 ll 01 1latform.

9.1. !anotec"nolog# anotechnology is the application of ano science to control process on nanometer

scale. i.e. between 9.: and :99nm.The field is also 'nown as molecular nanotechnology

(#T-. #T deals with control of the structure of matter based on atom;by;atom and

molecule by molecule engineering. The term nanotechnology was introduced by ori

Taniguchi in : at the To'yo international conference on production engineering.

anotechnology is the ne%t industrial revolution, and the telecommunications industry will be

radically transformed by it in a few years. anotechnology has shown its impact on bothmobile as well as the core networ'. part from this it has its own impact on sensor as well as

security. This is considered as a most significant in telecommunication. 4e will be

discussing the same in our further slides.

9.2. !ano $quipment %!$&#obile phone has become more than a communication device in modern world it has

turned into an identity of an individual. 0n 5G anocore these mobile are referred as ano

&quipment as they are geared up with nanotechnology. ?ne of the central visions of the

wireless industry aims at ambient intelligence computation and communication always

available and ready to serve the user in an intelligent way. This requires that the devices are

#obile. #obile devices together with the intelligence that will be embedded in humanenvironments @ home, office, public places @ will create a new platform that enables

ubiquitous sensing, computing, and communication5G Mobile Technology 2013*9

pecifications of ano &quipment are given as follow8 elf *leaning @ the phone cleans by itself

8 elf powered @ the phone derives its energy$power from the sun, water, or air.

8 ense the environment @ the phone will tell you the weather, the amount of air pollution

present, etc.

8 /le%ible @ bend but not brea'

8 Transparent @ Asee throughB phones9.3. Clou' Computing*loud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote server to

maintain data and applications. 0n 5G networ' this central remote server will be our content

provider. *loud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without

installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. The same

concept is going to be used in anocore where the user tries to access his private account

form a global content provider through anocore in form of cloud. The development of cloud

computing provides operators with tremendous opportunities. ince cloud computing relies

on the networ's, it shows the significance of networ's and promotes networ' development. 0t

also requires secure and reliable service providers, capabilities that operators have deep

e%pertise in. ?perators can enter the cloud computing mar'et and create new value;added

services and e%periences by integrating industry content and applications in the digital


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supermar'et model.

This could ma'e our user to obtain much more real;time application to utilie his 5G

networ' efficiently. ecure and reliable service can be provided with the help of quantum

cryptography. *loud computing customer avoids capital e%penditure for the anocore

thereby also reducing the cost of purchasing physical infrastructure by renting the usage from

a third party 1rovider(*ontent 1rovider-. The anocore devours the resources and pay for what it uses.5G Mobile Technology 2013*:

egments of *loud *omputing*loud computing has three main segments which are as follows

:. pplications @ 0t is based on, on demand software services. ?n demand software

services come in different varieties. They vary in their pricing scheme and how the

software is delivered to the end users. 0n the past, the end;user would purchase a

server that can be accessed by the end user over the internet.

C. 1latform ; The platform segment of cloud computing refers to products that are used

to deploy internet. et uite, maon, Google, and #icrosoft have also developed platforms that allow users to access applications from centralied servers. Google, et

uite, +ac' space cloud, amaon.com and sales force are some of the active

D. 0nfrastructure @ The third segment in cloud computing, 'nown as the infrastructure, is

the bac'bone of the entire concept. 0nfrastructure vendorsG environments such as

Google gears allow users to build applications. *loud storage, such as maon’s D,

is also considered to be part of the infrastructure segment.

5G anocore will efficiently utilies all the above D segments to satisfy his customer

demands. The concept of cloud computing will reduce the *1&E of 5G networ'

deployment. 0n turn this will create a less billing to the end user for all 'inds of services that

he utilies through anocore.

9.(. All IP !et)or* :s already discussed for converging different technologies to form a single 5G

anocore, 4e require a common platform to interact, /lat 01 architecture act as an essential

part of 5G networ'. The ll;01 etwor' (01- is an evolution of the DG11 system to meet

the increasing demands of the mobile telecommunications mar'et. To meets customer

demand for real;time data applications delivered over mobile broadband networ's, wireless

operators are turning to flat 01 networ' architectures. 1rimarily focused upon enhancements

of pac'et switched technology, 01 provides a continued evolution and optimiation of the

system concept in order to provide a competitive edge in terms of both performance and cost.5G Mobile Technology 2013

0;The 'ey benefits of flat 01 architectures are

8 Fower costs

8 niversal seamless access

8 0mproved user e%perience

8 +educed system latency

8 3ecoupled radio access and core networ' evolution

The drive to all 01;based services is placing stringent performance demands on 01based

equipment and devices, which in turn is growing demand for multicore technology.

There is strong growing demand for advanced telecommunications services on wired and

wireless e%t Generation etwor' (G- infrastructures, and fast growing demand for the

same in the enterprise too. 4ithin a few years, more than :9 billion fi%ed and mobile deviceswill be connected via the 0nternet to add to the more than one billion already connected. ll


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these services are going to be deployed over full 01;based architecture.

9.5. +eterogeneous ,ireless !et)or*s Interoperabilit#The challenge in the design of the terminals is connected to the management of trade

between the fle%ibility of how to use the spectrum and needed space and power to given

platform. ew methods for partial reconfigurable offer design dimensions that allow the

system to adapt to the opportunities and requirements of the terminals in a manner that shallma%imie the spectral efficiency and also ma%imie the battery power. s a result of growing

level of acceptance of the wireless technologies in different fields, challenges and types of

wireless systems associated with them are changing. 0n heterogeneous wireless networ's the

concept is "always best connected" (always associated with the best quality-, aimed at client

terminals, and is proposed in different researches.

+eviewing the concept of heterogeneous networ's inevitably raises the question of

inter;wor'ing among the radio access technologies in a newly designed system, which will

not demand changes in the +Ts, but only introduction of control functionalities the core

networ's. 0n terms of the user or user applications, heterogeneous system or a heterogeneous

networ' is considered as a unified networ' and access a single segment which will place the

connection with the application servers in and out of operator’s networ'. To meet the relevant5G Mobile Technology 20130*

requirements of the user applications are generally considered two possible models for

interoperability between building bloc's of radio access technologies within the

heterogeneous system. /irst one refers to a centralied operator access, while the second one

defines the 0nternet model of interoperability. The first model involves introducing a certain

level of integration between the radio access technology through which mobile access

terminal, in this direction have been made different analysis and developed different

standards that should define the levels of architecture connectivity for realiing vertical

handover between different access technologies involved in the construction of

heterogeneous domain. The introduction of this model implies interoperability protocol

interoperability of lower levels of communication in the field of radio access. The second

model is called the 0nternet model, which represents a focus for further development in this

paper and refers to providing continuity of customer service in case of independent radio

access technologies available to the mobile terminal by connecting on the networ' level. 0n

this case, interoperability between networ' technologies is done on the upper (networ'-

protocol levels, i.e. at a level that is common to all access technologies for communication

between user applications with the appropriate application servers. The ultimate goal of both

models for interoperability is the same and it is providing a transparent transfer of user

information between client applications and related application servers without impact on the

diversity of access technologies in the communication process and providing continuity of user sessions in the communication process. The main difference between the two models

concerns the way in providing interoperability. part from this difference, very important are

vertical handover between access technologies and the conditions or circumstances which

trigger handovers. The first method provides an integrated architecture of radio access

technologies that builds heterogeneous networ', and as such is applicable in cooperative

networ's or in networ's where the radio access technologies are owned by the same operator

or operators who have cooperation. 0n such networ's are strictly defined rules for vertical

handovers, mainly dictated by conditions in the radio access networ's, or by the operators

preference, while user preferences are ta'en into cooperative architectures. The second

method is more general and relates to interoperate regardless of the user’s operators, which

provide access technology for the user equipment. 0n these methods, generally spea'ing,vertical handover is accomplished as a result of the conditions under which user applications


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see main qualitative parameters of service or e%perience to the user.

10. DESIGN OF 5G MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

2igure shows the system model that proposes design of networ( architecturefor 5Gmobile systems# which is allI!" based model for wireless and mobile networ(s


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interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal Ewhich has a crucial rolein the newarchitecture and a number of independent# autonomous radio accesstechnologies. Withineach of the terminals# each of the radio access technologies is seen as the !"

lin( to theoutside !nternet world. )owever# there should be di$erent radio interface foreach ,adio'ccess Technology E,'T in the mobile terminal. 2or an example# if want tohave access tofour di$erent ,'Ts# need to have four di$erent access I speciLc interfaces inthe mobileterminal# and to have all of them active at the same time# with aim to have thisarchitecture tobe functional.

6. MIMO C(*"$ )(& 5G

(I() stands for (ultile Inut and (ultile )utut. In wireless communication system this

method is used to increase the caacity of channel in radio lin% b using multile transmit and

receive antennas [*]. (I() has become an imortant element of wireless communication

system standards including IEEE +'.11ac -I/0I, I/(2 -4! etc.

In [4], it has been mentioned that (I() system consist multile antennas at both the

transmitter and receiver. )ne of the big advantage of this system is more data can be added to

the wireless channels. o by using this method the energy efficiency, sectral efficiency and

reliability can be imroved.in (I() system the transmitter and receiver art contained large

number of antennas or we can say array of antennas. 2t one time in wireless the term (I()6

referred to the mainly theoretical use of multile antennas at both the transmitter and the

receiver. In modern technical world, (I()6 refers to a ractical techni7ue for sending and

receiving more than one data signal on the same radio channel at the same time via multiath

roagation. (I() is concetually different from smart antenna techni7ues develoed to

enhance the erformance of a single data signal.

fig

Massive MIMO3assive 3!3 is an evolving technology that has beenupgraded from the current 3!3 technology. The 3assive3!3 system uses arrays of antenna containing few hundredantennas which are at the same time in one time# freHuencyslot serving many tens of user terminals. The main objectiveof 3assive 3!3 technology is to extract all the beneLts of 3!3 but on a larger scale. !n general# massive 3!3 is anevolving technology of +ext generation networ(s# which is

http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference9http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference4http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference4http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference9http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/3/2/1/#Reference4


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energy eCcient# robust# and secure and spectrum eCcient

1) Massive MIMO has the capability that it can improve theradiated energy efciency by 100 times and at the same timeincreases the capacity o! the order o! 10 or more

2) Massive MIMO systems can be p"t together #ith the helpo! lo# po#er and less costly components

3) Massive MIMO permits a s"bstantial decrease in latency on the air inter!ace1atency is the prime area of concern in the next generationnetwor(s. 5) Massive MIMO increases the strength e$"ally against "nintended man made inter!erence and intended %amming

11. BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY )igh speed# high capacity# and low cost per bit.upport interactive multimedia# voice# streaming video# !nternet# and other

broadbandservices# more e$ective and more attractive# >i directional# accurate traCcstatistics.

Global access# service portability# and scalable mobile services. The high Huality services of 5G technology based on "olicy to avoid error.5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which

supportingalmost 65#;;; connections.

5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleledconsistency.

Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can getbetter and fastsolution.

11. F%$%&" S#* () 5G

#he future enhancement of 8ano/core will be incredible as it combines with artificial intelligent

-2I.)ne can able to control his intelligent 9obot using his mobile hone. )ur (obile can

automatically tye the message what our brain thin%s.

#he !oogle hot trends have rated the term & gas the 1:#; most searched word in the search

engines. #he i"od &! comes in seven different colours and has an aluminium body which

ma%es the body strong to with stand constant daily usage.


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12. CONCLUSION The development of the mobile and wireless networ(s is going towards higherdatarates and allI!" principle. urrently# there are many available radio accesstechnologies#which provide possibility for !"Ibased communication on the networ( layer# aswell as thereis migration of all services in !" environment# including the traditionaltelephony and eventelevision# besides the traditional !nternet services# such as web and electronicmail as mostused among the others. n the other side# mobile terminals are obtaining eachyear moreprocessing power# more memory on board# and longer battery life for the sameapplicationsEservices. !t is expected that the initial !nternet philosophy of (eeping thenetwor( simple aspossible# and giving more functionalities to the end nodes# will become realityin the futuregeneration of mobile networ(s# here referred to as 5G.'uthor have deLned completely novel networ( architecture for such 5G mobilenetwor(s. The architecture includes introduction of software agents in the

mobile terminal#which will be used for communication with newly deLned nodes called "olicy,outers#which shall be placed in the core networ(. The "olicy ,outer creates !" tunnelswith themobile terminal via each of the interfaces to di$erent ,'Ts available to theterminal. >asedon the given policies# the change of the ,'T# i.e.# vertical handover# is executedvia tunnelchange by the "olicy ,outer# and such change is based on the given policiesregarding the

?uality of ervice and user preferences# as well as performance measurementobtained by theuser eHuipment via new deLned procedure for that purpose in this paper#called ?uality of ervice "olicy based ,uting E?o",. The proposed architecture for future 5G mobile networ(s can be implementedusingcomponents of the shelf Eexisting and standardi@ed !nternet technologies anditsimplementation is transparent to the radio access technologies# which ma(es it

very li(eablesolution for the next generation mobile and wireless networ(s.


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13. AC-!/01G ?ld;fashioned analog mobile phone systems capable of handling very limited or no data

at all.

2G econd generation voice;centric mobile phones and services with limited data ratesranging from 'bps under mobile conditions. This technology is capable of

handling streaming video two way voice over 01 and 0nternet connectivity with support for

high quality graphics.

3GPP Third Generation 1artnership 1ro6ect. DG11 is an industry body set up to develop a

DG standard based upon wideband *3# (4*3#-.

3GPP2 Third Generation 1artnership 1ro6ect C. DG11C is an industry standard set up to

develop a DG standard based upon *3#;C999.

3.5G 0nterim systems between DG and >G allowing a downlin' data rate upto :> #bps.

ometimes it is also called as High peed 3ownlin' 1ac'et ccess (H31-.

(G 1lanned evolution of DG technology that is e%pected to provide support for data rates up

to :99 #bps allowing high quality and smooth video transmission.

5G 0n evolutionary view it will be capable of supporting wwww allowing highly fle%ible

dynamic adhoc wireless networ's. 0n revolutionary view, this intelligent technology is

capable of interconnecting the entire world without limits.

luetoot" 0t is a wireless networ'ing protocol designed to replace cable networ' technology

for devices within D9 feet. Fi'e 0&&& J9C.::b, )luetooth also operates in unlicensed C.>GH

spectrum, but it only supports data rates up to : #bps.C0A *ode 3ivision #ultiple ccess, also 'nown as *3#;?& or 0;


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P6! 1ublic witched Telephone etwor' is a regular voice telephone networ'.

prea' pectrum 0t is a form of wireless communication in which the frequency of the

transmitted signal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results in a higher bandwidth

of the signal than the one without varied frequency.

60A Time 3ivision #ultiple ccess is a technology for sharing a medium by several

users by dividing into different time slots transmitting at the same frequency.U06 niversal #obile Telecommunications ystem is the third generation mobile

telephone standard in &urope that was proposed by &T0.

,AP 4ireless pplication 1rotocol defines the use of T*1$01 and web browsing for mobile

systems.

,C0A 4ideband *3# is a technology for wideband digital radio communications of

multimedia and other capacity demanding applications. 0t is adopted by 0T under the name

0#T;C999 direct spread.

,,,, world wide wireless web is capable of supporting a comprehensive wireless

based web application that includes full graphics and multimedia capability at beyond >G

speeds.

1(. -$F$-$!C$:. uvarna 1atil7 2ipin 1atil +eview on 5g Technology, 0nternational Kournal of

&ngineering and 0nnovative Technology (0K&0T-.

C. aurabh 1atel, #alhar *hauhan, Lin6al Lapadiya 5G /uture #obile Technology @

vision C9C9, 0nternational Kournal of *omputer pplications(0K*-.

D. le'sandar Tudarov, /unctional rchitecture for 5G #obile etwor', 0nternational

Kournal of dvanced science and Technology(0KT-.>. 0mthiya li, The 5G anocore

5. 'hilesh Lumar 1achauri, ?mpal ingh, 5G Technology +edefining 4ireless

*ommunication in pcoming !ears R")"&"*"'

M:N Theodore . +appaport, A4ireless communications principles and practiceB, second edition,

1earson, pp CI;DII;>JJ.

0n articleOOOOOO

MDN run garwal, Labita garwal, AThe e%t Generation #obile 4ireless *ellular etwor's @

>G and )eyondB, merican Kournal of &lectrical and &lectronic &ngineering, P cience and

&ducation 1ublishing, 2ol. C, o. D, pp. N *heng Eiang 4ang, /ourat Haider et.al., A*ellular rchitecture and Ley Technologies for 5G

wireless *ommunication etwor'sB, 0&&& commun. #ag., /ebruary C9:>, pp. :CC;:C


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