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5G Network Evolution
Haydar SAHINRAN Solution ArchitectERICSSON
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
What is 5G?
“Unlike previous 3GPP systems that attempted to provide a 'one size fits all' system, the 5G system is expected to be able to provide optimized support for a variety of different services, different traffic loads, and different end user communities”
3GPP TS22.261
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
What is 5G?
— In general terms 5G is the new use cases (or refreshed old ones) that can be carried over any suitable network.
— Radio access options: LTE, NR
— Core network options: EPC, NGCN
— NR: “5G New Radio” / “NR Radio Access” / “Next Generation Radio”
— NGCN: “Next Generation Core Network” a.k.a. “5GC”: 5G Core Network
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
2016 –LTE Traffic
World total: 6.5 Billion PB/mCommercial in confidence, © Ericsson AB 2018
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
2017 –LTE Traffic
Commercial in confidence, © Ericsson AB 2018
X8
2G/3G/4G Traffic
5G Traffic
2017 2023
Traffic Forecast
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G use cases and categories
Next Generation Mobile Networks
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Data Rates
IMT / LTE-
Advanced
3G
HSPA
5G
2 Mbps
84 Mbps
300 Mbps
1 Gbps
?
4G / LTE
• More than 10 Gbps in specific
scenarios
• >100 Mbps generally available
in urban/suburban scenarios
• Tens of Mbps essentially
everywhere
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Latency
5G must support very low latency without sacrificing efficiency for “conventional” applications
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Sh
are
of
site
s (%
)
Network evolution: 4G+5G
4G base capacity
4G expansion
4G expansion
4G expansion
Massive MIMO
5G NR
2018
2019
2020
20212022
2023
Rel
ati
ve lo
ad
per
sit
e
Load per site - based on existing grid
5G deployment starts with the most loaded sites–Urban area network example
Source: Ericsson modeling
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
4G base 4G expansion 4G expansion 4G expansion Massive MIMO 5G NR
Relative capacity and cost-efficiency per stepCost/GB
10Xhigher cost efficiency
Capacity
Spectrum re-farming (10-20Mhz per step)
Massive MIMO
Spectrum Efficiency
New Spectrum
Site expansions to bring significant capacity injections –at higher efficiency
Efficient network evolution
Massive MIMO step provides a much greater contribution to capacity, due to the high spectral efficiency
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
CAPACITY: Simplified
20 MHz * N LTE
* N
f =1.8 GHz
f = 2.6 GHz
f = 3.5 GHz
f = 28 GHz
Large capacity increase in NR from extra spectrum, so why do we need AAS?
NR
NR
400 MHz – 1GHz
100 MHz
Capacity and Coverage are related to S/N ratio and available spectrum (BW)
Max (Shannon) Capacity per communication channel: C= BW(1 + log2(S/N))
5 MHz *N WCDMA
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
CAPACITY: SImplified
f =1.8 GHz
f = 2.6 GHz
f = 3.5 GHz
f = 28 GHz
AAS combats the physics, with coverage and capacity benefits
AAS improves S/N with beamforming. AAS also exploits improved S/N with MIMO techniques to increase capacity
Legacy and AAS
S/N increases with •Number of Tx/Rx Antennas•Reduced Interference
• Beamform towards wanted Transmitter / Receiver • Nullform towards unwanted
•Antenna Gain •Transmit Power
AAS
S/N decreases with:• Higher frequency• Greater Distance• Obstacles/Buildings • Interfering users
Physics
S/N
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
The “beam” is adapted to the Radio Channel. Gets energy to intended receiver & reduces interference to others
A layer (or stream) of data is mapped to multiple antennas creating a radiation pattern, or beam
Many sub-elements controllable from baseband
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Key functionality –Beamforming
Analog BF
• Analog phase shifters are used to steer the signal in time domain after D/A conversion
• TRP can transmit/receive beams in one direction at a time• Simple but inefficient use of spectrum• Beam management procedure introduced
Time
Digital BF
• Different BF weights can be applied to different antennas before D/A conversion
• TRP can transmit/receive beams in different directions simultaneous
• Most flexible and best performance• Facilitate multi-user connection, e.g. MU-MIMO
Time
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
CAPACITY GAIN potential: URBAN SCENARIO –NW IN ONE BAND
f =1.8 GHz
f = 2.6 GHz
f = 3.5 GHz
f = 28 GHz
d
DBF 64T64R, 32T32R , 8T8R
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
1x4x2 TRX, 8x1Subarray
4x4x2 TRX, 2x1Subarray
8x4x2 TRX, 1x1Subarray
4x8x2 TRX, 1x1Subarray
4x8x2 TRX, 2x1Subarray
Relative PDSCH Capacity vs 8T8R64T64R
32T32R
8T8R
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
3 GHz0 6 GHz1GHz
1.8
30GHz 100GHz10GHz
AAS to MEET customer NEEDS
39
Low band
• Large Antennas
• Good Coverage
• No AAS
Upper Mid Band
High Capacity with MIMO and new spectrum
Secure coverage on existing grid
High Band
• Vast spectrum for capacity
• Short Wavelength
• Beamforming gain essential for coverage
1.8
3.5
2.6
2.6
LTE
NR
3.5
28600-900
600-900
Lower Mid Band
• 3-5 times Capacity Boost with MIMO
• Improved coverage with Beamforming
“No need for AAS” “Triple capacity” “Use existing grid” “Exploit the spectrum where you need it”
4.8
Bring AAS to the Market with:
Performance from World leading
MIMO algorithms
Deployable, flexible and
Cost Efficient Architectures
Radios that support
Single or Multi-Band
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
2019 202020182017 2021 2022
5G spectrum and deployment5G starts on new frequency bands— High, mid and low bands— Initial deployement likely to be non-standalone
configurations in midband
5G interworking with 4G— Non-standalone configuration. Combination of 4G
and 5G is axpectes as traffic increases and new use cases
Migration to 5G in existing bands— Standalone 5G deployements will gradually get
access to 4G spectrum inmid-low band spectrum
High bands(24 GHz – 40 GHz)
Mid bands(1 GHz – 6 GHz)
Low bands(sub-1GHz)
Spectrum combinationexamples
5G
4G
3G
2G
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Spectrum Strategy
5G on Mid-bandsDual connectivity with5G on mid bands
Shared low bandsIncreased coverage for wide-area & outside in coverage
5G on High bandsIncreased capacity and ultra low latency
Shared mid bandsMaximal coverage, capacity and cell edge performance
High bands (24 GHz – 40 GHz)
Mid bands (3.5 GHz – 8 GHz)
Mid bands (1 GHz – 2.6 GHz)
Low bands (sub –1 GHz)
Dual connectivity
Spectrum sharing
Carrier aggregation
Performance characteristics
BaselineCapacity and coverage
Cell edge performance
Capacity/Speed
Latency
2G, 3G, 4G 5G
Cell edge performance
Capacity/Speed
Latency
Cell edge performance
Capacity/Speed
Latency
Cell edge performance
Capacity/Speed
Latency
Cell edge performance
Capacity/Speed
Latency
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
nsa and sa
5G Enabled Core
(vEPC)
5G Core
(NGCN)
RAN
NSA(RAN split
LTE anchor)
Control
plane over
LTE
SA
Data
switch/agg.
LTE/NR
Control
plane over
NR
Data over
NR
Data
Ctrl
RAN
Tight interworking with LTEEvolved CN Fastest TTM
“Independent” overlay Totally new CN architecture Highest performance potential
Next Generation Core Network
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Deployment OptionsTwoarchitecture tracksfor new radio in 3GPP rel15
Evolved EPC NextGen Core
LTE LTENR NR
Option 1(existing)
Option 3
Option 5
Option 7 Option 4
Option 2
S1-based New interface
LTE LTENR/EPC
LTENR/EPCNR/NXGC
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G coverage area for London planning exercise
Insert Confidentiality Level in slide footer
Case 1Non-standalone 5G
4G and 5G Basebands located in the same site
Case 2Non-standalone 5G
4G and 5G Basebands located in different sites
Case 3Standalone 5G
5G radio site connected directly to 5G Core
Selected cases for analysis
4G 5G
Illustration of how different frequencies and technologies can determine site deployment characteristics
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Case – scenario 1(3)
4G + 5G4G
– Same transport, mast, rack and power supply with no additional footprint
Re-use radios
Re-use baseband
Re-use site and transport
5G or mixed-mode functions
Non-standalone . Expand Ericsson Radio System with 5G components . Same frequency . Moderate capacity
4G functions
* Mixed-mode configurations dependent of bands and carriers combination
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
— Reconfigure existing
Case – scenario 2(3)
4G + 5G4G
– Keep existing 4G radios
– Add new 5G radios
– Same transport, mast, rack and power supply with no additional footprint
Add new co-sited radios
Re-use baseband
Re-use site and transport
* Mixed-mode configurations dependent of bands and carriers combination
4G functions 5G or mixed-mode functions
Non-standalone . Expand Ericsson Radio System with 5G components . Different frequency . Moderate capacity
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
— Keep 4G baseband
— Add Baseband
Case – scenario 3(3)
4G + 5G4G
– Keep existing 4G radios
– Add new 5G radios e.g
– Same transport, mast, rack and power supply with no additional footprint
Add new co-sited radios
Re-use baseband
Re-use site and transport
4G functions 5G or mixed-mode functions
Non-standalone . Expand Ericsson Radio System with 5G components . Different frequency . High capacity
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G NR strategy
First with 5Gto be first, stable NSA and SA,
Spotty NR deployment with very basic
mobility, basic scheduling…
Performance and CapacityEnhanced mobility, High capacity,
Enhanced coverage, CA, enhanced
scheduling, UL spectrum sharing…
Enhanced performance &
OPEXOpti-enhanced energy efficiency,
Automation and machine learning for
operation
VoNR, shorter slot…
2018 Q3 2019 Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q4
one step at a time
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Consumers expect more from 5G– speed, coverage, reliability
2%
4%
4%
6%
5%
4%
10%
13%
13%
13%
26%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Ability to connect almost…
Guaranteed quality of experience
Enable highest quality video streaming…
Enhanced security for personal data
Should enable better battery life on devices
Better responsivness and no delays to content
Better reliability when compared with 3G/4G
Will provide less expensive price plans
Better outdoor and indoor network coverage
Should have speed better than Wi-Fi networks
Should be many times faster than 3G/4G
Base: Smartphone users aged 15-65Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab, Towards a 5G consumer future, 2018
70%*expects better performance
*The No. 1 expectation on 5G, for more than 70 percent of consumers, relates to better performance (speed, coverage, reliability etc.)
Most important expectations among smartphone users globally from a technology like 5G
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Consumers: Give us more with 5G!
Higher performance is the first and most relevant aspect of 5G to consumers
Lo
w
Av
era
ge
Hig
h
Within 5–6 yearsWithin 3–4 yearsWithin a year
Co
nsu
mer
inte
rest
leve
ls
VR Cinema
Live immersive gaming
Athlete and arena view
Gigabytes in seconds
Home sensor service
Connected robot
Virtual tactile shopping
Drone delivery
5G Early Alarm system
3D Hologram calling
Within 1–2 years
Real-time AR for vehicles
Self-driving technology
Real-time translation
Timeline for services to go mainstream
Note: Bubble size = Willingness to pay
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G industry digitalization and IoT opportunity
Industries willing to pay a premium5G digitalization of:
— Manufacturing
— Energy & Utilities
— Public safety
— Public transport
— Healthcare
— Media & entertainment
— Automotive
— Financial services
— Retail
— Agricultural
$619 billion market opportunity for service provider in 5G tech for industry digitalization, and IoT in 2026. Adding potential revenue growth of:
36%79% 70% 59%
Faster data speeds
Lowerlatency
Increased bandwidth
Source: Ericsson - The Industry Impact of 5G – Insights from 10 sectors into the role of 5G.
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
Deployment of top use cases
On average, over
70% of companies aim to have top use cases in production by 2021
60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85%
Automotive
Energy & Utilities
Public Safety
Manufacturing
Public Transport
Healthcare
Financial Services
Media & Entertainment
Retail
Agriculture
Attitudes of decision makers in 10 industries
Source: Ericsson, The industry impact of 5G - Insights from 10 sectors into the role of 5G, 2018
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Radio Technology Areas
Extension to higher
frequencies
Multi-antenna technologies
Beam-
forming
for coverage
Multi-user
MIMO
for capacity
Multi-site coordination
…
Ultra-lean designAccess/backhaul integration Device-to-device
communication
Spectrum flexibility
• Unlicensed
• Shared
licensed
• Network
sharing
Duplex
Flexibility
Spectrum
sharing
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Network Evolution | December 2018
5G Network Evolution | December 2018