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5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond
- Vision and Key Enabling Technologies -
Wonil Roh, Ph.D.
Vice President & Head of Advanced Communications Lab
DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Corp.
EUCNC 2014, Bologna June 2014
2
Table of Contents
5G Vision & Key Requirements
3
Mobile Trend
4
2010 2020 Year
De
vice
s
12.5Bn
50Bn
2013 2018 Year
Byt
es
/Mo
nth
1.5EB
15.9EB
2013 2020 Year
Pe
rce
nt
35%
70%
2013 2018 Year
Co
nn
ect
ion
s
7Bn
10.2Bn
[1] VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast 2013-2018, Cisco, 2014 [2] The Mobile Economy, GSMA, 2014 [3] Internet of Things, Cisco, 2013 EB (Exa Bytes) = 1,000,000 TB (Tera Bytes)
Mobile Data Traffic[1]
Mobile Cloud Traffic[2]
Mobile Connections[1]
Things Connected[3]
5G Vision
5
Immersive Experience
Lifelike media everywhere
Ubiquitous Connectivity
An intelligent web of connected things
Everything on Cloud
Desktop-like experience on the go
Intuitive Remote Access
Real-time remote control of machines
5G Service Vision 5G Vision
6
Lagging Cloud Service Instantaneous Cloud Service
[1] Signals Ahead, AT&T Drive Test Results and Report Preview, 2011 [2] The State of LTE, OpenSignal, 2014 [3] Seagate ST2000DM001 (2TB, 7200rpm
Cloud Service
~ 20 min (Worldwide Avg.)
to download HD movie (1.2GB)
LTE Downlink Performance[2]
World 7.5 Mbps Korea 18.6 Mbps
America 6.5 Mbps
* Top 3 Cloud Service Provider measured in Suwon Office (2013) Including connect time and response time
Cloud Service
Latency : ~ 5 ms
~ 9.6 sec to download HD movie (1.2GB)
Desktop HDD[3]
Access Time 8.5 ms
Transfer Rate 1.2 Gbps
Latency : ~ 50 ms[1]
Requirements for Mobile Cloud Service
• E2E NW Latency < 5 ms
• Data Rate > 1.0 Gbps
As-Is To-Be
Everything on Cloud 5G Vision
Cloud Service Initial Access Time*
Provider A 82 ms Provider B 111 ms Provider C 128 ms
7
Immersive Experience
720p HD 12 users
User Experience
Loading Delay 1.6 sec*
LTE Cell Capacity
Cell Throughput 64 Mbps[1]
[1] 3GPP Submission Package for IMT-Advanced, 3GPP Contribution RP-090939 [2] https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en [3] http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/rd/rd140/PDF/P12-21.pdf
Required Bandwidth 720p HD[2] : 5 Mbps 8K UHD[3] : 85 Mbps
Hologram
AR / VR
8K UHD > 100 users
* Assuming 720p HD, 1 sec buffering, E2E latency 50ms and TCP connection
AR : Augmented Reality VR : Virtual Reality
Requirements for Immersive Service
• E2E NW Latency < 5 ms
• Cell Throughput > 10.0 Gbps
5G Vision
Limited High Quality Experience Constant Ultra High Quality Experience
As-Is To-Be
8
Ubiquitous Connectivity 5G Vision
~
` Personal
Human Centric, Limited Connections An intelligent web of connected things (IoT)
As-Is To-Be
Manufacturing
Retail
City, Transportation
Home
Intuitive Remote Access 5G Vision
Control Center
Remote Surgery
Remote Driving Hazardous Work
9
Short Range, Limited Control Long Range, Real-time Full Control
As-Is To-Be
10
Comprehensive Requirements of “New IMT (5G)” in 7 Categories, Dubbed as
100
Mobility
High
Future IMT
1000 Peak Data Rate (Mbit/s)
10000 10 1
Low
IMT-2000 IMT-Adv.
Enhanced IMT-Adv.
New radio local area network (RLAN)
50000
ITU-R WP5D/TEMP/390-E
Overview Key Requirements
11
Order of Magnitude Improvement in Peak Data Rate
Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps
‘10 ‘00 ‘20 ‘07
50 Gbps
1 Gbps
Year
Data Rate
384 kbps[2]
75 Mbps[2]
6 Gbps[2]
14 Mbps[1]
1 Gbps[1]
50 Gbps[1]
More than x50 over 4G
[1] Theoretical Peak Data Rate [2] Data Rate of First Commercial Products
Peak Data Rate Ultra Fast Data Transmission Key Requirements
12
Uniform Experience of Gbps Speed and Instantaneous Response
QoE BS Location
Cell Edge
QoE BS Location
Uniform Experience Regardless of User-location
1 Gbps Anywhere
Latency
Cell Edge Data Rate
E2E Latency < 5 msec
Air Latency < 1 msec
10 ms
1 ms
5 ms
50 ms
E2E Latency
Air Latency
A Tenth of Air Latency
A Tenth of E2E Latency
Superior User Experience Key Requirements
10 ms
10 Times More Simultaneous IoT Connections than 4G
Simultaneous Connection
Massive Connectivity
13
Key Requirements
4 Billion 15 Billion
80 Billion
Nu
mb
er
of
Dev
ice
s Year
Source : Internet of Things by IDATE, 2013
2010 2012 2020
~
Current
Future
Smart Transportation
Smart Health
Smart City
Smart Retail
Smart Manufacturing
Smart Home
`
14
50 Times More Cost Effective than 4G
Time
Operator Revenue
Traffic Volume ( ∝Operator Cost )
CAPEX[1] OPEX[2]
[1] Radio Network Sharing – new paradigm for LTE, http://www.telecom-cloud.net/radio-network-sharing-the-new-paradigm [2] Quest for margins: operational cost strategies for mobile operators in Europe, Capgemini Telecom & Media Insights, Issue 42
50 Times Higher Bits/Cost
Building, Rigging
(41%)
RAN Equipment
(23%)
Network Testing
(12%)
Etc. (24%)
Site Maintenance
(36%)
Personnel Expenses
(28%)
Electricity (15%)
Etc. (12%)
Backhaul Lease(9%)
Cost Efficiency
Cost Effectiveness Key Requirements
Enabling Technologies : RAN
15
16
Bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency
Link Capacity System Capacity
Areal Reuse
Point-to-Point Link with Single Antenna
𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
System Capacity : Determined by Bandwidth, Spectral Efficiency and Areal Reuse
Capacity Enabling Technologies : RAN
17
𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹
Bandwidth Increase System Capacity
Bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
Most Straightforward Method for Capacity Increase
Capacity - Bandwidth
Carrier Aggregation, Higher Frequencies
Enabling Technologies : RAN
18
Sectorization, HetNet, Small Cells
𝑪 = 𝑾 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹
Areal Reuse Increase System Capacity
Bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
Use of Various Small Cells for Increase of Areal Reuse
Capacity - Areal Reuse Enabling Technologies : RAN
19
𝑪 = 𝑾 𝟏+𝑺𝑵𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝑵𝑻𝑿𝝀𝒓
𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌
𝒓
MIMO, Adv. Coding and Modulation
Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity
Bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
Use of MIMO and Advanced Coding & Modulation for Higher Efficiency
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (1/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN
20
𝑪𝑵𝒐𝒏−𝑮𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒏 > 𝑪[1]
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
FQAM (Hybrid Modulation of FSK and QAM)
Non-Gaussian
[1] I. Shomorony, et al., “Worst-Case Additive Noise in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 6, June 2013.
Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity
Bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
New Waveform Design for Exploiting Non-Gaussianity of Channel
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (2/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge Data Rate
Cell Spectral Efficiency
Mobility
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous Connection
Latency
Peak Rate 50 Gbps
Peak Rate 1 Gbps
4G frequencies
New higher frequencies
Frequency band
Technology for Above 6 GHz
Coding/Modulation & Multiple Access
Advanced MIMO & BF
Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier
FSK QAM
FQAM
Half -wavelength
BF : Beamforming
Peak Data Rate Increase
Spectral Efficiency & Cell Edge Enhancement
Cell Capacity Enhancement
21
Enabling Technologies - RAN (1/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
Enhanced D2D
Advanced Small Cell
Interference Management
Capacity & Cell Edge Enhancement
Cell Edge Data Rate Enhancement
22
Enhancing areal spectral efficiency
Interference alignment
Areal Spectral Efficiency Increase
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge Data Rate
Cell Spectral Efficiency
Mobility
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous Connection
Latency
D2D : Device-to-Device
No cell boundary
Increased density
Wireless backhaul
Enabling Technologies - RAN (2/2) Enabling Technologies : RAN
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
23
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Above 6 GHz (Regional Recommendations from ITU)
< 1 GHz [MHz]
410-430, 470-694/698, 694/698-790[1]
1-2 GHz [MHz]
1300-1400, 1427-1525/1527, 1695-1700/1710
2-3 GHz [MHz]
2025-2100, 2200-2290, 2700-3100
3-5 GHz [MHz]
3300-3400, 3400-4200, 4400-5000
5-6 GHz [MHz]
5150-5925, 5850-6245
Global Interest Bands for WRC-15
MS : Mobile Service FSS : Fixed Satellite Service LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service FS : Fixed Service P-P : Point to Point
Below 6 GHz
Availability of More than 500 MHz Contiguous Spectrum Above 6 GHz
300 MHz 6 GHz
27 29.5 38 39.5
27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 41 42.5 36 40
18.6 18.1
18.4
MOBILE Primary
No MOBILE
US : LMDS, FSS EU : Fixed P-P Link FSS Earth Station Korea : Maritime Use
US : Fixed P-P System EU : Fixed P-P Link Korea : Broadcasting Relay
Current Usage Current Usage
GHz
25.25 27.5 40.5 42.5 Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
MS, FS, FSS
MS, FS, FSS
MS, FS, FSS
[1] WRC-15 AI 1.2 24
Wider Bandwidth for 5G Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
25
World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology (May, 2013)[1]
Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in mmWave frequency bands for outdoor cellular
Test Results - Prototype System Overview
45 mm
42 m
m
5 mm
25 m
m
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
26
LoS / NLoS
LoS
NLoS
Below 0.01%
Below 0.1%
Below 1%
Below 10 %
Below 25%
Below 50%
Below 75%
Below 100%
BLER result
Outdoor Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Coverage Tests
Block error rate less than 0.01% up to NLoS 200m distance
Test Results - Outdoor Coverage
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
27
Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests
Most signals successfully received by indoor MS from outdoor BS
Test Results - Outdoor to Indoor Penetration
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
28
1.24Gbps 1.24Gbps
MS Modem 1 MS Modem 2
MS RFU 2 MS RFU 1
BS RFU
BS Modem
Multi-User MIMO Tests 2.48 Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode
Test Results - Multi-User Support Carrier Frequency 27.925 GHz Bandwidth 800 MHz Max. Tx Power 37 dBm Beam-width (Half Power) 10o
Channel Coding LDPC MIMO Configuration 2 x 2
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
29
Bare PCB Package
Broadside Beamforming
Endfire Beamforming
Head Effect Chassis / Hand-Held Effect
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Beamforming Array Compensate the Effects of Chassis/Hand/Head Lower power penetration through skin at higher frequencies
Mobility Device Feasibility - Simulation Analysis
Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g
w/o head w/ head
① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g ② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g
① ①
② ②
①
②
Power Absorption of 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna
Power Absorption of 28 GHz Beamforming Array
30
Negligible Area
for Antennas
In Edges
16 Element Array
16 Element Array
< 0.2 mm
Measurement Results “Zero Area” Design
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Nor
mal
ized
Gai
n (d
Bi)
Angle (deg)
0°10°20°30°
45°60°75°
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
32 Elements Implemented on Mobile Device with “Zero Area” and 360o Coverage
Mobility Device Feasibility - Antenna Implementation
31
30 m above Rooftop
5 m above Rooftop
10 m above Ground TX
RX
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Real City (Ottawa) BS Antenna Heights Ray-Tracing
Ray-Tracing Simulation in Real City Modeling with Different BS Antenna Heights
Multi-Cell Analysis Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
32
Simulations are Based on Ray-Tracing in 28 GHz for Multi-Cell Deployment Scenario Total of 10 Small Cell BSs to Provide Coverage of 928 m x 586 m within a Dense Urban City At least 4 Gbps User Throughput Expected Using 1 GHz Bandwidth
Simulated User Experience Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Samsung DMC R&D Center, “5G mmWave communications,” YouTube, 21 April 2014. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6dABJBJ4XQ)
Enabling Technologies : Network
33
34
Network Evolution for Innovative Services, Lower Cost and Better User Experience
Network Evolution
High Capacity
Intelligence Low Latency
Enabling Technologies : Network
35
Flat Network Multi-RAT
Interworking Mobile SDN
Radio Capacity Enhancement
Energy & Cost Efficiency Increase
E2E Latency Reduction
4G eNB 5G
BS Wi-Fi
UE BS Switch
Central Controller
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge Data Rate
Cell Spectral Efficiency
Mobility
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous Connection
Latency
SDN : Software Defined Network
Internet
Core Network
UE
BS Server Server
Innovative Network Technologies for Enhanced User Experience and Cost Reduction
Enabling Technologies - Network Enabling Technologies : Network
36
Direct Access to Internet and Edge Server at BS
Minimize E2E Latency
Reduce Backhaul Bottleneck
Reduce OPEX BS
UE
Core Network
Internet
BSServer
BS
UE
Internet
BS Server
Core Network
UE Server
Flat Network Enabling Technologies : Network
37
Unified Utilization of Heterogeneous Radios in Licensed and Unlicensed Bands
Increase Radio Resource Utilization
Provide Consistent Service Experience
Minimize Power Consumption
2G BTS
3G NB
4G eNB
Wi-Fi
Server Multi-RAT Controller
2G TS
3G NB 4G eNB
5G BS Femto Wi-Fi
Server
Femto
Multi-RAT Interworking Enabling Technologies : Network
38
Centralized Control of Radio and Network Resource for Flexibility and Scalability
UE
BS
GW UE
BS
GW
Radio Controller
SDN Controller
Radio Control Function
Network Control Function
Packet Processor
Radio Control Function
Network Control Function
Packet Processor
SDN: Software Defined Network GW: Gateway
Mobile SDN
Maximize Resource Utilization
Reduce CAPEX/OPEX
Expand Network Services
Enabling Technologies : Network
Deployment Scenarios
39
Bird’s Eye View of Chicago
40
5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios
4G base stations
Existing 4G Deployments
41
5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios
5G small cells
5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment
42
5G Deployment Scenarios Deployment Scenarios
5G macro/pico cells
5G Standalone System Full capability standalone 5G systems will cover the area of a city
43
5G Deployment Scenarios
5G macro/pico cells
Deployment Scenarios
Global R&D Activities & Timelines
44
5G IC
ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH
45
Global R&D Activities Global R&D Activities & Timelines
Current Global 5G Research Initiatives and Samsung’s Active Engagements EC–Korea Cooperation Agreement on ICT & 5G (6/16), 5G PPP–5G Forum MoU (6/17)
46
EVAL. Meth. : Evaluation Methodology Req. : Requirement EVAL. : Evaluation Dvlp. of Rec. : Development of Recommendation
Standards in 3GPP Rel-14/15, Spectrum Allocation in WRC-19, ITU Approval in 2020
2015 2014 2017 2016 2019 2018 2021 2020 2022
3GPP
WRC WRC-19
5G Standards
WRC-15
Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
Initial 5G Commercialization
Rel-17
ITU-R Vision EVAL. Meth., Req. Proposal EVAL. Dvlp. of Rec.
“IMT for 2020 and beyond ”
WRC : World Radiocommunications Conferences ITU-R : International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector
Expected 5G Timelines Global R&D Activities & Timelines
47
• Tech. for Above 6 GHz • Adv. Coding & Modulation • Adv. MIMO & Beamforming • Enhanced D2D • Adv. Small Cell • Interference Management • Flat Network • Multi-RAT Interworking • Mobile SDN
Key Technologies
5G for 2020 and Beyond Summary
Copyright © 2014 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Non-metric weights and measurements are approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby recognized and acknowledged.
Thank You
[1] “Samsung Announces World’s First 5G mm- Wave Mobile Technology”, Samsung Tomorrow, 13 May 2013. (http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093)
[2] Wonil Roh, “Performances and Feasibility of mmWave Beamforming Prototype for 5G Cellular Communications,” ICC 2013 Invited Talk, Jun. 2013.
(http://www.ieee-icc.org/2013/ICC%202013_ mmWave%20Invited%20Talk_Roh.pdf)
[3] “Samsung’s Vision of 5G Wireless,” IEEE Spectrum for the Technology Insider, Jul. 2013. (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?arnumber=06545095)
[4] Z. Pi and F. Khan, “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101–107, Jun. 2011.
[5] T. Kim, J. Park, J. Seol, S. Jeong, J. Cho, and W. Roh, “Tens of Gbps support with mmWave beamforming systems for next generation communications,” IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf. (GLOBECOM’13), Dec. 2013.
[6] “The 5G phone future: Samsung’s millimeter-wave transceiver technology could enable ultrafast mobile broadband by 2020,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 50, pp. 11–12, Jul. 2013.
[7] T. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang,G. Wong, J. Schulz, M. Samimi, and F. Gutierrez, “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335–349, May 2013.
[8] Azar, Y., Wong, G. N., Wang, K., Mayzus, R., Schulz, J. K., Zhao, H., Gutierrez, F., Hwang, D., Rappaport, T. S., ”28 GHz Propagation Measurements for Outdoor Cellular Communications Using Steerable Beam Antennas in New York City,” Published in the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 9 ~13, 2013.
[9] S. Hong, M. Sagong, and C. Lim, “FQAM : A Modulation Scheme for Beyond 4G Cellular Wireless Communication Systems,” IEEE Global Telecomm.Conf. (GLOBECOM’13) Workshop, Dec. 2013.
[10] Wonil Roh, et al., "Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
[11] Wonil Roh, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE WCNC 2014 Keynote, Apr. 2014.
[12] Kyungwhoon Cheun, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE VTC 2014 Spring Keynote, May. 2014.
[13] Ji-Yun Seol, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE ICC 2014 5G Workshop Panel Talk, Jun. 2014.
References