5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution2017nst-itcomm.nctu.edu.tw/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/0122_4... · 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G ... • 4G

5G Massive MIMO and mmWDesign and Test Solution

Philip Chang

Senior Project Manager

Jan. 2017

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PageAgenda

Overview of 5G Technologies

5G Key Radio Technologies

mmWave

Massive MIMO

Keysight’s 5G Test Solution

5G Wireless – The Next

Generation of Mobile

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© 2015 Keysight Technologies

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What will 5G Do? 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G

Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E

4G3G

5G

100X Energy

Efficiency

Reliability

99.999%

1mS Latency

100X

Densification

1000X

Capacity

100X Data

Rates

All requirements cannot be met by any single radio access technology (RAT)

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– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps

– Mini data rate > 50 Mbps

– High user mobility

– Access in dense area

– Peak data rate > 10 Gbps

– Minimum data rate > 50 Mbps

– High user mobility

– Broadband access in dense area

– Ultra-high reliability

– Ultra-low latency



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eMBB mMTC

uRLLC

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5G Timing: Drivers

– Mid/Late 2020: commercialization focused below 6GHz (standard must be complete before end 2018).

2022 or later for mmWave commercialization (technology, spectrum)

– 2018 and 2020 Olympics will showcase 5G.

– 3GPP: commercialization “Phase 1” (2020) and “Phase 2” (2022+)

• Study Items: New Radio “NR”; mmWave Channel Model; Scenarios & Requirements

• 4G LTE-A and IoT (CatM, NB-IoT) Continue (these are not 5G).

– Major operators actively planning/doing trials; none committing to pre-standards commercialization of 5G

(exception Verizon)

Industry rallying around these cardinal dates



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2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Feb: Winter Olympics South Korea

Summer: FIFA World Cup, Russia,

2015 Milestones

Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov: ITU WRC 15

Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary

2019 Milestone

Nov (Likely): ITU-WRC 19

2020 Milestone

July/Aug: Summer Olympics Japan

Summer (Likely): 1st 5G Commercial

2022 Milestone

Summer (Earliest): 2nd

5G Commercial

3GPP “Phase 1” 3GPP “Phase 2”R15R14R13

Some claim 5G commercialization here

2017 Milestone

Q4: Verizon to Launch

28Ghz Fixed Wireless

Yo

u A

re H

ere

Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 & beyond

PageAgenda



mmWave

Massive MIMO




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mmWave Technology for 5G

– Benefit

• Broad bandwidth available at low/no cost

• Massive MIMO/Beamforming

• High directivity

• Compact integrated mmWave SoC

• A natural fit for the 2 tier network



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Picture source: Samsung[8], Ref[1]

Challenges• Unknown mmWave channel

• Body effect

• Device modeling and design flow

• mmWave calibration for Massive MIMO /Beamforming

• mmWave IC technologies

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mmWave geometry allows for very

small, high gain antennas

High path loss due to antenna aperture size

and atmospheric absorption

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Potential New Frequency Bands for 3GPP NREnhanced Mobile Broadband Below 6GHz

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Frequency Bandwidth Spectrum Availability

Europe US Japan Korea China

3.3-3.4GHz 100MHz

3.4-3.6GHz 200MHz “Innovation Band”

Likely requires

sharing.

For 4G

3.6-3.8GHz 200MHz Not available

above 3.7GHz

3.8-4.2MHz 400MHz

4.4-4.99GHz 500MHz 4.4-4.9GHz 4.4-4.5, 4.8-

4.99GHz only

5.15-5.35GHz* 200MHz Indoor only Indoor only Indoor only in 5.10-

5.25GHz

Indoor only

5.47-5.85GHz* 380MHz Not available

above 5.725GHz

Not available

above 5.725GHz

Not available above

5.725GHz

Combined

into 3.4-

3.8GHz



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mmWave: 5G Frequency bands >6GHzFrequency Europe FCC (2016/6) ITU (2015/10) SI Japan Korea

28GHz (25-27GHz) 24.25-27.5

27.5-28.5

27.5-28.35

BW 425MHzX2

24.25-27.5GHz 27.5-28.5

32GHz

37GHz 37.0-38.6

BW 400MHzX4

37-40.5GHz

39GHz 38.6-40.0

BW 200MHzX7

40.5-43.5GHz UK at least FFS 42.5-43.5GHz

45.5-48.9GHz UK at least 45.5-47GHz

47.2-50.2GHz

50.4-52.6GHz

57-66GHz 59.3-71GHz

(extend ISM—

unlicensed)

64-71GHz 66-71GHz 66-76GHz

71-76GHz UK at least

81-86GHz

Examples of Public Activity (Updated Summer 2016)

• FCC Announced rules on mmWave proposals 14 July 2016

• Ericsson will provide 28GHz system for SKT (Korea) and 15GHz system for

CMCC

• AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile filed for experimental licenses (3.5, 3.7, 15, 28,

37, 39GHz)

• Most large players demonstrating high-rate capabilities from 15-90GHz

Most Likely Uses of Spectrum as of Sept 2016

• Significant investment in EMBB Mobile, Multiple Access <40GHz due to cost and simplicity.

• 28GHz: Korea, Japan, and USA

• 37-39 GHz USA and perhaps more likely for Europe

• 24-27GHz : Europe

• 45GHz: Focus for 802.11aj in China

• 57-86GHz Bands more likely for high-speed point-to-point and extensions of ISM-based WiFi



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5G / 802.11ad OTA Challenges:Integrated Transceivers and Antennas



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• Integrated Transmitter / Receiver / antenna designs

‒ no connectorized access to DUT Transmit/Receive elements

‒ traditional <6 GHz cabled test methodologies can’t be used

‒ Key Driver for mm-wave OTA

• Customers looking for new measurement methods

Qualcomm/Wilocity Wil6200

http://news.panasonic.com/global/press/da

ta/2013/02/en130220-2/en130220-2.html

http://news.panasonic.com/global/press/data/2013/02/en130220-2/en130220-2.html

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Massive MIMO Processing Principles

Reference [4-6]

Challenges• Need favorable channel characteristics (remove IUI)

• Need phase coherency, CSI and channel reciprocity

• Hardware impairments.

• Uplink and down link RF reciprocity calibration

• Pilot contamination problem (limited pilot resoruce)

Benefits• Multiplexing gain K and array power gain M

• Power efficiency

• Fast fading and thermal noise averaged out

• Channel tends to static (no fast fading effect)simplify scheduling, simple MAC, no retransmission latency

• M-KN degrees of freedom for network architecture design

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Description: Number of BS antennas >> number of UE’s

The GraphicsOverly simplified!

Motivation: Higher reliability, higher throughput, lower TX power

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Antenna Patterns vs. Number of Elements



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RF vs Digital vs Hybrid Beamforming

RF Beamforming Digital Beamforming Hybrid Beamforming

Complexit

y

Low High (computation intensive) Medium

Flexibility Low High

(very high resolution phase

shifting and amplitude tapering

possible)

High

(combined positives of RF and Digital

beamforming)

Beam

variation

High

(due to dependence on

analog components)

Low

(all control elements in digital

domain)

Medium to Low

(variations due to analog components can be

partially compensated by digital domain

correction)

Challenge High component count and

limited flexibility

High computation complexity Calibration to combine both beamforming states

for optimal performance



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Massive MIMO Free Space200 Ant,1λ, total power relative to reference: -12.6 dB



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Saved in transmit power, but will the total power, including processing be less?

UE2

UE3

UE4

UE1

Keysight

Keysight Keysight

Keysight

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“Headlamp”

“Flashlight”

Capacity & Energy Efficiency -1



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HetNet: 4G macro and 5G macro are used for

wide-area coverage. Pico and Femto of 4G/5G are

used in hotspot.

Coverage: the coverage of 5G is similar to that of

4G

Coexistence: Inter-site and intra-site deployment

of 5G and 4G can be adopted.

F1 F2

Note:

1. 4G works below 6G

2. 5G works at large frequency range, etc. below 6G,

28G 35G and 60G

3. 5G could have broad band, SNR of each tone

declines with same power

Deployment – Low and High Freq Band



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Facebook Terragraph and Areis Projects



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Announced in April, 2016

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Terragraph:

• 60 GHz Point to Point

• Phase Array Antenna

Areis:

• Sub 6 GHz

• 96 Antenna

• Serving up to 24 users

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Observations of Massive MIMO

– Zero forcing function simply uses the pseudo inverse of the channel

response measured from the uplink pilots

• This method optimizes interference, but does not necessarily

provide the maximum signal level to the terminal

• No CSI calculation required by the user terminal. All calculations

are performed in the base station

– Significant research on going in this area to find optimal low

computational and high performance

pre-coding scheme

– Combine with other interference reduction

techniques

Pre-coding algorithms



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Testing Massive MIMO

– Base station calibration

• Transceiver Reciprocity: Magnitude and Phase Variations over a

wide range of transmit and receive power levels

– System Performance

• Current evaluation systems use

BER as figure of merit for performance

- It tells you how well it is working,

but not why

• Measure of SIR could be desirable

What Needs to Be Measured or Calibrated?



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PageAgenda



mmWave

Massive MIMO




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Keysight Test Solutions for 5G Research

S800 Keysight 5G

Reference Solutions

Up to 104

channels

RF/µW/mmWave

Wideband Sub-6 GHz MIMORF/µW/mmWave,

Wideband, MIMO

Massive MIMO

Tx/Rx

Signal Generation & Analysis

Testbed Reference Solution

Phase Coherent Multi-

channel Reference Solution

SystemVue Simulation

Software with 5G Library

Signal Studio Software

with Custom 5G

89600 VSA Software with

Custom OFDM/Demod

Channel Sounding

Reference Solution

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Real Time Beamforming Measurement SystemHigh Level System Block Diagram

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SystemVueSystemVue

IQ Data Files

8 channels at

1800 MHz

Waveform Generation

Beam

WeightsDemodulated

Symbols

Digitizer Control &

Dynamic Plotting



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Real Time Beamforming Measurement SystemDetailed System Block Diagram

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FPGA0

DDCFrame

Sync

FPGA1

DDCFrame

Sync

Beam

Tracking

Demod

FPGA

To

FPGA

FPGA2

DDCFrame

Sync

FPGA

To

FPGA

FPGA3

DDCFrame

Sync

FPGA

To

FPGA

SystemVue

M9703A

M8197A

SystemVue M8195A Control

• Load and Modulate

Waveforms

• Synchronize AWG

Modules

• Play Single

Waveform or

Sequence

• Apply timing offsets

using FIR Filter

M8195A

M

e

m

o

r

y

DAC

DAC

DAC

DAC

FIR

FIR

FIR

FIR

M8195A

M

e

m

o

r

y

DAC

DAC

DAC

DAC

FIR

FIR

FIR

FIR

ADC

ADC

ADC

ADC

ADC

ADC

ADC

ADC



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Multi-Channel ExtensionReference Solution (12-bit Resolution High-Speed Digitizer)

5G Wireless – The

Next Generation of

Mobile

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16 channels

40 channels

104 channels

High-Performance, Scalable System

<1 degree phase coherence across all

input channels

PageQuestions?

Thank you!



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Documents

5G Massive MIMO and mmW Design and Test Solution2017nst-itcomm.nctu.edu.tw/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/0122_4... · 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G ... • 4G