5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgdf ;dlk{t hLjg

-dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf nfu" ePsf]

5fpk8LhGo s';+:sf/ pGd"ng kl/of]hgf -@))&–@)!%_ sf ;kmntfsf ;'Gb/ syf_

5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgdf

;dlk{t hLjg

-dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf nfu" ePsf] 5fpk8LhGo s';+:sf/ pGd"ng kl/of]hgf -@))&–@)!%_ sf ;kmntfsf ;'Gb/ syf_

;jf{lwsf/M ;]e b lrN8«]g, g]kfn sfo{qmd -@)!%_n]vgM cd/ Gof}kfg], ljdn uf}td, zf]ef zdf{

t:jL/x?M lbn P]/, ljho uhd]/, ljdn uf}td, ;~hgf >]i7, zf]ef zdf{

k|sfzgM;]e b lrN8«]gKff]i6 aS;M ##($, Po/kf]6{ u]6, zDe' dfu{, sf7df8f}F, g]kfnkmf]gM ±(&&–!–$$^*!#), $$^$*)#ofS;M ±(&&–!–$$^*!#@Od]nM post.nepal@savethechildren.orgnepal.savethechildren.net

5fpk8L hGo s';+:sf/ pGd"ng kl/of]hgf

dlxgfjf/Lsf ;dodf k|rlnt s';+:sf/x?df sdL NofpFb} lszf]/L Pj+ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xh hLjgofkg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ;g\ @))& df o;kl/of]hgfsf] z'?jft ePsf] xf] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljefu Pj+ afh'/f, 8f]6L / c5fdsf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L / ;xsfo{df of] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Dej eof] .

;j{k|yd of] kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog c5fd lhNnfsf !^ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -uflj;_ df ul/of] . kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zox? lyPM dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g ;xh t'Nofpg], dlxgfjf/L Pj+ k|;'tLsf] ;dodf lszf]/L / dlxnfx?nfO{ 3/leq} ;Ddfghgs cj:yfdf a:gsf nflu ;'/lIft jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug]{, / dlxgfjf/L Pj+ k|;'tL ePsf] ;dodf lszf]/L / dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befjk"0f{ rngdf sdL Nofpg] . c5fd kl5 @))( ;fndf kl/of]hgfsf] lj:tf/ 8f]6Lsf gf} uflj; Pj+ Pp6f gu/kflnsfdf ul/of] . To:t} @)!@ ;fndf afh'/fsf kfFr uflj;df

klg nfu" ePsf] of] kl/of]hgf @)!% df ;dfKt eof] .

kl/of]hgfn] ljleGg dfWodaf6 lszf]/L / dlxnfx?sf] hLjgdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] k|of; u¥of] . z'?df o;sf]

sfof{Gjog hgr]tgf clej[l4sf] dfWodaf6 eof] . :yfgLo ;fem]bf/nfO{ 5fpk8L k|yfsf s'/Llt / lszf]/L Pj+ dlxnfsf hLjgdf ltgn] kfg]{ gsf/fTds c;/sf af/]df Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/of] . To;}u/L sfo{qmdn] 5fpk8LhGo s';+:sf/ lj?4/fi6«:tl/o ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ;+nUg ug'{sf ;fy} o:tf s';+:sf/ lj?4sf bL3{sflng /0fgLltx? tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u klg u¥of] . kl/of]hgfsf cGo sfo{x?df dlxgfjf/Lsf a]nf cfjZos ;/;kmfO / k|hgg :jf:Yosf af/]df r]tgf clej[l4 ug'{, hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk / 5fpk8Lsf] c;/sf af/]df ;"lrt t'Nofpg', n}lËstf tyf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn of]hgfsfaf/] hgr]tgf km}nfpg' tyf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] u/L ljBfnodf k|hgg :jf:Yo sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug'{ lyP . ;dfhdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / wfld{s cu'jf Pj+ g]t[Tj txsf] 7"nf] xft x'g] x'Fbf xfd|f] k|of; :yfgLo dfGohg –h:t} wfdL / emFfqmL – ;Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ pxfFx?nfO{ g} ;fdflhs cleoGtfsf ?kdf :yflkt ug'{ lyof] .

o; kl/of]hgfsf] k|of; :j?k y'k|} pT;fxhgs

k|ltkmn b]lvP . kl/of]hgf nfu" ePsf If]qx?sf (& k|ltzt aflnsf ljBfyL{x? Dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf klg ljBfno hfg yfn] . ;fy} () k|ltzt lszf]/L tyf

dlxnfx? dlxgfjf/Lsf] 5fpuf]7 5f]8]/ 3/leq} a:g yfn] . 5fpk8LhGo s';+:sf/sf lj?4 ;d'bfodf

r]tgf km}nfpgsf nflu &!% lszf]/Lx? &% ;d"xdf ;lDdlnt ePsf 5g\ . o:t} c5fdsf @^ uflj;, 8f]6Lsf !$ uflj; / afh'/fsf % uflj; -s'n $% uflj;_ 5fpuf]7 d'Qm uflj; 3f]lift eO;s]sf 5g\ . of] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpgsf nflu s"n !,)!( ;fdflhs, wfld{s / /fhgLlts cu'jf -wfdL, emfFqmL / k|efjzfnL ;f;'x?_ nfO{ afn clwsf/, 5fpk8L k|yfdf k|rlnt e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ / 5fpk8Lsf ;fy} pd]/ gk'uL ul/g] ljjfxn] lgDTofpg] k|hgg :jf:Yo ;d:of ;DaGwL tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] .

ljBfnox?n] klg of] k|of;nfO{ plQs} :jfut

u/]sf 5g\ — kl/of]hgf If]qsf #% ljBfnon] aflnsfd}qL jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . oL

ljBfnonfO{ dlxgfjf/Lsf] a]nf ;/;kmfO{ ckgfpg ;xof]u ug]{ ;fdu|L, aflnsfx?sf nflu kfgLsf]

Joj:yf;lxtsf] 5'§} zf}rfno / lszf]/Lx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug]{ ;lqmo :jf:Yo

;+of]hg ;ldlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L kl/of]hgf If]qx?df 5fpk8Lsf ;fy}

cGo afn clwsf/sf d'2fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ s'n @! ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfOsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kl/jt{g :j?k c5fd / afh'/fsf dlxnf tyf

afnaflnsf sfof{non] oL lhNnfx?af6 5fpk8Lsf] k|yfnfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ nIosf ;fy k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ .

5fpuf]7;Fu} ;lsPsf] b'v )^

Rff]vf /f]6Ln] lbPsf] ;Gt'li6 )(

r]tgf km}nfpFb} wfdL !@

x]8df:6/sf] 6\ofAn]6 !$

pbfx/0fLo bDktLn] NofP kl/jt{g !&

5fp n'sfpg] afgL !(

cfF6n] d]l6of] s';+:sf/ @@

dlxnfnfO{ v'zL /fv] b]ptf v'zL x'G5g\ @%

wfdL ag] ;fdflhs cleoGtf @*

5fpk8L lj?4sL axfb'/ zf/bf #)

5fpuf]7df a:g' k/]g ;'zLnf / ;'dLIffnfO{ ##

5fpuf]7sf] cGTo #%

efUodfgL k':tfsL d+unf #*

5fpk8L d'Qm ufpFsf] kvf{O $!

x/]s b'3{6gf;Fu hf]l8g] 5fpk8L $$

dlxnfn] agfP 5fpk8L d'Qm ufpF $^

Pp6f tflndn] ablnPsf] hLjg $(

5fpuf]7 5f]8]sf] …efUodfgL… k':tf %@

r]tgfn] abn]sf ufpF %$

sl7g 5 5fpk8L d'Qm ;dfhsf] l;h{gf %&

nugn] ;Dej agfof] 5fpk8L d'Qm ;dfh %(

laifo;"rL

6

5fpuf]7;Fu} ;lsPsf] b'vsfnL – c5fdHo]i7 gful/s

Ps k6s 5fp ePsf] a]nfdf e}F;L

b'x'g al;g\ . e}F;Ln] b"w lbFb}g xf]nf

h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ e}F;Ln] t

cl3kl5em}F £jf/£jf/ b"w lbof] .

7

5fpk8Lsf gfddf sfnLn] hLjgel/ y'k|} b'v a]xf]l/g\ . Tof] ;lDemFbf pgnfO{ sxfnL nfU5 .

oL xh'/cfdfn] cfgf] 5fp ;'Sg] a]nf cfPkl5 aNn 5fpk8L;DaGwL tflnd lnOg\ . tflnddf k9]n]v]sf 7"nf dfG5]x¿n] cfh;Dd pgn] u/]sf sfdx¿ cGwljZjf; x'g\ eg] . ltgsf s'/f k"/} kTofpg klg ;lsgg\, gkTofpg klg ;lsgg\ .

pgnfO{ klg ljrf/ ug{ dg nfUof] . Ps k6s 5fp ePsf] a]nfdf e}F;L b'x'g al;g\ . e}F;Ln] b"w lbFb}g xf]nf h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ e}F;Ln] t cl3kl5em}F £jf/£jf/ b"w lbof] . 5fpn] bf]Pkl5 ca e}F;Lsf] y'g v:g] xf] ls, 7SnSs} 7fdsf] 7fd x'g] xf] ls < pgnfO{ 8/ nfUof] . t/ e}F;LnfO{ s]xL ePg . tflnddf tL 7"nf dfG5]x¿n] ;fFRr} eg]sf /x]5g\ ls h:tf] nfUof] pgnfO{ .

la:tf/} pgL kl/jlt{t x'Fb} uOg\ . )^) ;fnkl5 la:tf/} 5fpk8L k|yf lj?4 h'd'{/fpg nfu]sf] ufpF

)^% ;fndf cfOk'Ubf cleofg g} ag]/ lgl:sof] . )&! ;fn;Dd cfpFbf t ufpF g} 5fpuf]7 d'Qm aGof] .

clxn] pgnfO{ b'Mv 5}g . b'Mv klg 5fpuf]7;Fu;Fu} ;lsP . pgsL a'xf/Ln] 5fpuf]7df a:g'kb}{g .

pgnfO{ b]ptf l/;fpF5g\ / clgi6 x'G5h:tf] nfUb}g . clxn] t 5fp ePsL a'xf/L 3/df a:bf pgnfO{ b]ptf klg cfpFb}g . sfDbf klg sflDbgg\ . Tof] a]nf s;/L b]ptf cfof] / clxn] s;/L cfPg, pgnfO{ yfxf 5}g . stfstf nfU5, a? pm a]nf

5fp ePsL dlxnf 5fpk8Ldf a;]sfn] kf] b]ptf

cfPsf x'g\ ls <

5f]8]sf] s'/fsf] dfof k6Ss} nfUb}g . klxn] 5fpuf]7df a:g' ;+:s[lth:tf] nfUYof], clxn] ljs[lth:tf] .

t/ plxn] o:tf] sxfF lyof] / < pgsf afcfdfn]

pgnfO{ 3f]sfPsf lyP, wfdLx¿ eg]sf b]jb"t x'g\ . ltgn] b]ptfsf] ;Gb]z ;'gfpF5g\ . To;}n] ltgn]| eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ l/7\7f] gla/fO{ hLjgdf ckgfpg'sf]

csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . oxL g} pgsf nflu hLjgsf] d"ndGq aGof] . wfdLn] eg] cg';f/ pgsL cfdf 5fpk8L uf]7df al;g\ . pgnfO{ klg a:g l;sfOg\ .

5fp ePsf] a]nf c¿ lxF8\g] af6f] lxF8\g'x'Fb}g . c¿n] kfgL vfg] wf/f]df hfg'x'Fb}g . dlGb/ / kLknsf] ¿v ePsf] af6f] lxF8\g'x'Fb}g . 3/df a:g'x'Fb}g . s;}nfO{ 5'g'x'Fb}g . 5f]Pdf g'xfP/ dfq 3/ hfg'k5{ . b"w, bxL, l3pm vfg'x'Fb}g . pgn] log} s'/fnfO{ cfgf] hLjgsf] lgod agfOg\ . slxNo} k|Zg p7fOgg\ .

pgL !% jif{sf] pd]/df 5fp eOg\, / !^ jif{df lax] eof] . klxn] nufnu rf/ 5f]/L kfOg\, To;kl5 rf/ 5f]/f . t/ b'O{ 5f]/f / b'O{ 5f]/L dfq afFr] . ltgsf klg ;Gtfg 5g\ . xh'/cfdf eP/ hLjg latfpg kfpFbf ;'v nfU5 pgnfO{ .

cfgf] kfnf ;lDemFbf syfh:tf] nfU5 . g k]l6sf]6

8

lyof] g clxn]sf] h:tf] ;f8L, Anfph . l56sf] wf]tL x'GYof] . 3/eGbf 6f9f gfd dfqsf] 5fpuf]7 x'GYof] . sf]xL t u'kmfdf klg a:y], sf]xL ;fgf] kfn 6fFu]/ a:y] . sf]xL t cfkm}n] s]/fsf] kftn] 5fP/ af/Ldf 6fpsf] n'sfpg] 7fpF agfpFy] .

s;}sf rkL{ lyPgg\ . htftt} kmf]xf]/ x'GYof] . 5fpk8L uf]7 klg esf/f]h:tf] nfUYof] . 5fp x'Fbf slxn] t c;fWo} w]/} /ut aUYof] . Kof8 eGg] yfx} lyPg . /ut}/ut nfu]sf sk8f w'g] ;fag klg

lyPg .

3/df b'x'gf ufO{e}F;L lyP . t/ 5fp ePsf] a]nfdf b"w, bxL, l3pm s]xL vfg kfOGy]g . j:t'nfO{ 5'g x'Gy]g . lkgf kfgL;Fu sf]bf] / ux'Fsf] /f]6Lvfg'kYof]{ . Tof] /f]6L klg sxfF k]6el/ vfg kfOGYof] / . 5fpnfO{ 5f]OPnf eg]/ k/af6 ofQ ofFlslbGy],

es'G8f] ;dfPem}F ;dfpg'kYof]{ .

5fpk8Ln] uf]7df a:g'x'Fb}g eGg] pgsf] dgdf slxNo} cfPg . rng xf], c;n dlxnfn] dfGg'k5{ eGg] nfUof] . pgL o:t} uf]7d} ;'Ts]/L eOg\ . cfnf]

;'Ts]/L, 8f]sf]el/sf /ut}/ut nfu]sf n'uf lbgx'F

w'g'kbf{ pgnfO{ 9f8 efFlrof] ls h:tf] nfUYof] . Tof] klg glhssf] wf/f]df eP t x'GYof] . grf]lvP;Dd 5f]OG5 eg]/ 5fp ePsf / ;'Ts]/L ePsfn] k|of]u ug]{ wf/f] 6f9f x'GYof] . cfgf] lhpdf cfkm} t]n nufOg\ . v'a ;f:tLn] rf/ ;Gtfg x'sf{Og\ . olb :ofxf/;';f/

/fd|f];Fu ePsf] eP afFsL rf/ ;GtfgnfO{ klg dg{af6 arfpFy]F xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 pgnfO{ .

Tof] a]nf ;lDemFbf sfnLnfO{ nfU5, cfkm"n] s'/f ga'em]/ kf] /}5 t . ;do;Fu} lxF8\g ;s] t hLjg

;xh x'Fb} hfFbf] /x]5 .

9

Rff]vf /f]6Ln] lbPsf] ;Gt'li6k'tnL – c5fd

;fdflhs cleoGtf

Kf'tnL;Fu} k9\g] pgsL Pp6L ;fyL lyOg\ .

sIffdf a:tfa:t} pgnfO{ 5fp eof] . pgL

p7\g ;lsgg\ . nfh eof] . kl5 s;}n]

yfxf gkfpg] u/L x]bf{ t a]Grel/ /ut}/ut

nfu]sf] /x]5 .

10

Kf'tnL;Fu} k9\g] Pp6L ;fyL lyOg\ . sIffdf a:tfa:t} pgnfO{ 5fp eof] . 5fp ePsf] yfxf ePkl5 pgL nfhn] p7\g ;lsgg\ . a]Gr el/ /ut nfu]sfn];a}n] yfxf kfO xfn] . Tolt a]nf pgnfO{ ;xfg'e'lt / ;xof]usf] vfFrf] lyof] t/ pgnfO{ w]/}n] …5fpk8LÚ …5fpk8LÚ eg]/ lh:sfP . 3/ kms{+bf klg af6f]df s]6fx¿n] lh:sfP . pgLx? eGy], æ:s'ndf 5fpeO{ . ca tFnfO{ k9\g cfpFb}g . :s'n ;/:jtLsf] dlGb/ xf], ToxfF 5fp x'g'x'Fb}g . dlGb/ h'7f] x'G5 .5fp x'Fbf lstfa 5f]Psfn] tFnfO{ ca b]ptf cfpF5 .Æ

c?sf] argn] pgsL ;fyL olt;Dd nlHht eOg\ ls 5fpuf]7 k'u]/ kf;f] nufP/ dg{ vf]lhg\ . wGg sfsfn] arfP t/ nfhn] pgL Ps dlxgf;Dd :s'n uOgg\ .

cfkm\gf] cfFvf cuf8L 5fp ePsf] eGbf b'v kfPsf] b]

v]sfn] k'tnLn] s;}nfO{ klg cfkm' 5fp ePsf] s'/f elggg\ . t/ s]lx 36gfn] pgnfO{ 5fp n'sfP/ uNtLsf] u/]sL eGg] agfO /fVof] . Pslbg 5fp ePsf] a]nf :s'n hfb}+ ubf{sf] 36gf ;lDemG5g\ pgL . :s'n hfb}+ ubf{ Pp6f 7'nf] ;k{ pgsf] cl3kl5 nfP/ uof] . Tof] ;k{ cfPsf] 7fFpdf gfu 5 eGy] . pgnfO{ st} cfkm'n] 5fp ePsf] s'/f n'sfpFbf gfu cfPsf] xf] ls eGg] nfUof] . t} klg cfF6 u/]/ 5fp n'sfO/lxg\ .

t/ b'O{ jif{ kl5 pgL 5fp ePsf] s'/f ;a}n] yfxf

kfP . pgL 3/glhs} s}nfz vf]nfsf] kfgL 36\6df ds} lkGg uPsL lyOg\ . ToxLF 5fp eof] . pgsf] glhs} a;]/ ds} lklg/x]sL bldgL cfdfn] pgL 5fp

ePsf] b]lvg\ . To;kl5 t s] rflxof] /, bldgL cfdf sfDb} pgnfO{ ;/fKg yflng\, ætF 5fp ePsLn] dnfO{ 5f]O;\ . tFnfO{ ca aRrf gkfpg] agfO 5f8\5' .Æ

pgn] t s] ePsf] s] ePsf] a'em\g} ;lsgg\ . c? eGy] bldgL cfdfnfO{ b]ptf r9]sf] /] . c¿n] g} bldgL cfdfnfO{ ;DemfP, ælsg l/;fp5f}+ cfdf < p;n] hfgLhfgL u/]sL xf]Og . ufnL gu/, eOuf] 5fl8b]p .Æ

pgnfO{ ;fx|} g/dfOnf] nfUof] . 3/ uPkl5 a'afnfO{

;'gfOg\ . a'afn] pgnfO{ 5fpuf]7 k7fPgg\ a? pN6} ;DemfP, æoL ;a} s'/f cGwljZjf; x'g\, x]/ 5f]/L .

s]lx lrGtf gdfg\ . h] ug'{ knf{ d u¿Fnf .Æ

5fpuf]7sf] lk8f gef]u]sL k'tnL ta ;d:ofdf kl/g\ ha pgsf] lax] eof] . ;fyLsf] nxnx}df nfu]/ Tolx ;fn k'tnLn] lax] ul/g\ . efu]sf] b'O{ dlxgfdf g}

>Ldfg\ sfd ug{ ef/t hfg' eof] . hf] eg]/ cfPsf] pm g} gePkl5 kIfdf af]lnlbg] klg sf]lx ePgg\ .;f;';;"/fn] eg]sf] dfg]/ a:g' g} hLjg eof] .

11

;f;';;"/f s6\6/ lyP . >Ldfg\ b'O{ jif{;Dd gcfpFbf pgn] pxfFx? s} v6gdf 5fpuf]7df a:g s/} nfUof] . slxn]sflx t 3/ 5f]8]/ hfg] g;f]r]sf] klg xf]Og t/ >Ldfg\ cfPkl5 l7s x'G5 eg]/ ;x]/} al;g\ .

@ jif{kl5 >Ldfg\ aDa}af6 3/ kms]{ kl5 eg] ;fy

lbg] sf]lx eP . ;f]r] cg';f/ g} >Ldfg\n] pgnfO{ 5fpuf]7 a:g' kb}{g eg] . b]zljb]z 3'd]/ cfPsf

>Ldfg\n] w]/} s'/f a'em]sf lyP . 3/ d} a;]/ 5fpuf]7 ghfg ;Dej gePsfn] pgLx? Jfonkf6f ;/] . ToxfF b'j}hgf ldn]/ xf]6n yfk]sf 5g\ .

5fp eOG5 / 5fp x'Fbf 5fpuf]7df ga;] kfk nfU5

eGg] s'/f lal;{;s]sL k'tnLnfO{ xf]6ndf ePsf] Pp6f 36gfn] g/fd|f];Fu t;f{of] . t/ wGg Tof] 36gfn]

pgnfO{ cfkm' ;lx /x]5' eg]/ cl3 a9\g xf};nf lbof] . Ps lbg pgsf] xf]6ndf ;]tf] ku8L u'y]sf Ps hgf wfdL cfP . pgL c¿nfO{ vfhf lbFb} lyOg\ . 6';'Ss s'rL{df a;]/ wfdLn] ;fw], æs]lx vfg]s'/f 5 <Æ

pgn] elgg\, æ5 .Æ

km]l/ ;f]w], æ5fp ePsL t 5}gf} <Æ

pgnfO{ l/; p7\of] . vfhf afFl8/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ s] 5fp ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ;f]w]sf] xf]nf < pgnfO{ elglbg dg nfu]sf] lyof]— 5fp ePsf] eP vfhf af9\y]F t <

t/ pgn] To;f] elggg\ . ljgd|sf ;fy 9fF6]/ elgg\, æ5}g5}g .Æ

wfdLn] ljZjf; ul/xfn] . vfhf afFl8/x]sLn] s;/L 5fp ePsL 5' eGg] < ;To gaf]Nbf pgnfO{ stfstf 8/ klg nfUof] . lsgeg] pgnfO{ b]ptfdf ljZjf; 5 . wfdLdf klg clncln ljZjf; 5 . wfdLn] s]xL ul/lbg] kf] x'g\ ls < wfdLn] t b]ptf hufpg ;S5g\ .

wfdLn] kl;gf k'5\b} eg], æTo;f] eP rf]vf] u/]/ /f]6L t/sf/L agfOb]pm .Æ

v'a ;kmf / ldlxg]t;Fu agfPsf] /f]6L t/sf/L pgn] wfdLsf] cufl8 6]andf /flvlbOg\ . wfdLnfO{ /f]6L t/sf/L lbFbf pgn] cfgf xftnfO{ sfDgaf6 hf]ufpg v'a ldlxg]t ug'{k/]sf] lyof] .

wfdLn] 9fF6] klg 5fp ePsf] yfxf kfP s] ug'{ < oxL sfDg yfn] eg] emg\ s] xfn xf]nf < cfgf]

Joj;fo g} 8'A5 . pgsf] d'6' hf]8hf]8n] w8\lsO/Xof] .

pgn] c¿ sfd ub}{ ubf{ klg wfdLlt/ gh/lbO/x]sL lyOg\ . wfdL a8f] ld7f] dfgLdfgL vfFb} lyP . b'O6f /f]6L / t/sf/L yk] . vfO;s]/ ;Gt'i6 af]nLdf pgn] eg], ævfgf lgs} dL7f] nfUof] .Æ wfdL uPkl5 klg pgn] k/;Dd x]l//lxg\ . st}

s]xL x'g] kf] xf] ls < t/ s]xL ePg . a]nfa]nfdf pgL cfkm"n] ksfPsf] rf]vf /f]6Ln] ;Gt'i6 ePsf] wfdLsf] cg'xf/ ;lDem/xlG5g\ .

12

r]tgf km}nfpFb} wfdLM5fpn] rnfpF5 ;[li6

clgn – afh'/fwfdL

pgs} kl/jf/sf sltkon] gdfGbf

gdfGb} pgL 5fp ePsL lbbL alxgLnfO{

n'sLn'sL 5f]OlbGy] . 5fp ePsL

lbbLnfO{ 5f]P ;fFRr} d5]{ xf]nf t eGg]

sf}t"xnsf sf/0f k|flS6sn uy{] .

13

afh'/f 3/ ePsf rf}aL; jif]{ clgn xfn lzIff ;+sfotkm{sf] :gfts txdf cWoog/t 5g\ . k9fOdf ltI0f eP klg pgn] oxfF;Ddsf] ofqf kf/ ug{ w]/} sl7gfO p7fPsf 5g\ . b'u{d lhNNffsf] b'u{d 7fpFdf cem 5'jf5"tn] ulx/f] h/f] uf8]sf] ;dfhdf pgL x'ls{P . hGds} cfwf/df 7"nf] / ;fgf] hft egLx]nfFxf]rf] ug{] rngaf6 blnt ;d'bfosf pgL w]/} g} kLl8t ag] . pgsf cg';f/ kLl8t dfG5]n] ls ljb|f]x u5{ ls cfTdxTof jf cfTd ;dk{0f u5{ . pgn] klxnf] af6f] lnP, cyf{t\ ;fx;sf] af6f] . oxL af6f]n] pgnfO{ 5fpk8L d'Qm ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ cleoGtf agfPsf] 5 .

ufpFn]x? w]/}sf] :jf:Yoaf/]sf] r]tgf :t/ sdhf]/ ePsf] / dlxnf w]/} kLl8t ePsf] b]Vbf pgn] cf7 sIffdf k9\b}v]l/ ;LPdP k9\g] ;f]r agfP . en} cfly{s sl7gfOn] of] af6f] klxNofpg kfPgg\, t/ dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo l:yltk|lt ;xfg'e"lt ;w}F /Xof] . pgnfO{ :s'nk9\bfb]lv g} 5fpk8L k|yf dxfkfk nfUYof] . ædlxnfn] w]/} sfd ug{'kg{] To;df klg dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf] bxL, b"w vfg glbg] clg 3/eGbf 6f9} c;'/lIft uf]7df /fVg' eg]sf] dxfck/fw g} xf],Æ pgL cYof{pF5g\ .

pgL !^ jif{ pd]/ x'Fbfsf] s'/f, pgnfO{ z/L/df

ghflGfFbf] tgfj eof] . ;fyLefO tyf kl/jf/ lrlGtt eP . pgL t nuftf/ tLg lbgkl5 dfq lapFlemP /] . lgb|faf6 x}g, sDkgaf6 . kl5 kl/jf/sf ;b:on]

eg]cg';f/ pgL tLg lbg;Dd af}nfxfem}+ a/a/fpFb} sfld/x] .

kl5 ufpFn]x?n] pgdf b]ptf r9]sf] dfg] . pgnfO{ wfdL eGg yfn] . pgnfO{ s:tf] cK7]/f] k/\of] eg], hfGg] ePb]lv g} wfdLnfO{ uGb}gy] . 5fp ePsLnfO{ 5'g t s] x]g{;Dd x'Gg eGg] wfdLsf s'/fdf pgL k6Ss} ljZjf; ub{}gy] . t/, lj8Dagf pg} clgnnfO{ ;a}n] b]jtf dfGg yfn] .

pgL xftd'v hf]g{ ef/t uP . t/ lbNnLdf pgL k6sk6s sfDg yfn] . ToxfF sfd} ug{ g;Sg] ePkl5 3/ kms{] . 8fS6/n] klg sfDg] sf/0f kQf nufPgg\ . nfdf] ;do otfptf ef}+tfl/Pkl5 pgL sfDg] a]yfsf sf/0f 3/ 5f]8]/ 6f9f hfg} g;Sg] eP . To;}tfsf pgn] 5fpk8Laf/]sf] e|d / oyfy{ yfxf kfpg] tflnd lng] cj;/ kfP . pgL ;fg}b]lvh] s'/fsf] lj/f]wL lyP, Tof]] lj/f]w cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg clgnsf] wfdLsf] 6\ofun] ;lhnf] eof] .

wfdLn] eg]sf] w]/}n] dfG5g\ . ;'?df pgsf] s'/f s;}n] ;'Gb}gy] . t/ sfd]sf] a]nf hftkftsf cfwf/df

5'jf5"t ug{' x'Gg, 5fp x'Fbf dlxnf c5"t xFb}gg\, dlxgfjf/L zf/Ll/s k|lqmof xf] eg]kl5 dfG5]x?n]

kTofpg yfn] . wfdL eg]sf] ufpFsf] b]jtf, eg]sf] gdfg] clgi6 x'g] 8/ . tflnddf pgn] dlxnf ljsf;

sfof{nosL s]z/L d]8d nufotaf6 cem a9L ts{ k|fKt u/] . æPsrf]l6 ;f]Rg';\ t, dlxnf 5fp x'Ggy] eg] tkfO{+ xfdL sf]xL x'g] lyOd\ < of] ;[li6 rNg]

lyof] t <Æ pgn] k|Zg u/], æ5fp x'g' eg]sf] kfk / wd{sf] s'/f xf]Og, lgoldt zf/Ll/s k|lqmof dfq xf] .Æ dflg;x? pgsf s'/f ;'g]/ 5Ss k5{g\ /] .

lsgeg] ufpFn]sf gh/df pgL wfdL x'g\, t/ emf/km'sdf ljZjf; ug{] elgPsf …wfdLÚ g} cfw'lgs :jf:Yo ljifo k9\b} 5g\ . wfdLx?n] tflnd lnPkl5 / pgLx?n] g} kl/jt{gsf] g]t[Tj lnPkl5 kl/jt{g ;xh ePsf] cg'ej 5 dlxnf sfof{nosL s]z/L /f]sfosf] . æclgnhL h:tf wfdLx?sf] ;xof]usf sf/0f kl/jt{g olt l56f] eof] ls oxL d+l;/ !* ut] xfdL o; afx|la;] uflj;nfO{ 5fp uf]7 d'Qm 3f]if0ff ub{} 5f}+,Æ /f]sfofsf] syg 5 .

@)&@ d+l;/ !@ ut] uflj; sfof{nodf ;lrj s]zj/fhn] uflj;nfO{ 5fpuf]7 d'Qm 3f]if0ff ug{] tyf cem} cfkm\gf 5f]/L r]nLnfO{ 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df /fVg]sf] eQf tyf l;kmfl/; ;Dd /f]lslbg ;Sg] atfP . pgn] ;DemfP, æ5fp x'Fbf c? a]nf a:g] ;kmf / ;'/lIft sf]7fd} a;]sf] x'g'k5{ x} ;a} .Æ pkl:yt sl/a ;o hlt ufpFn]n] ;lrjsf] s'/fdf …x;\Úsf] d'G6f] xNnfP .

o; uflj;sf k"j{ pkfWoIf ;"o{axfb'/n] @)%^

;fnb]lv g} kl/jf/nfO{ 3/leq} /fVg yfn]sf x'g\ . 5fp gdfGg] 3/sf] uf]/; vfGgf}+ eGb} w]/}n] pgnfO{

c3f]lift alxisf/ u/]sf] :d/0f u5{g\ pgL . t/ cfh ;f/f ufpFn] 5fpuf]7 d'Qm ug{ ;xdt / tof/ ePsf]

b]Vbf pgnfO{ crDdsf] ;Gtf]if ldn]sf] atfpF5g\ .uflj; sfof{no glhs} clgnsf] ls/fgf k;n 5 . pgL sfDg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ / 5fpk8Laf/] r]tgf km}nfpg klg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . xfn clgn afh'/f lhNnfdf 5fpuf]7 lj?4 ;lqmo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf

lk;jLgsf ;lrj klg x'g\ . pgL wfdL eP klg cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltsf kIfkftL x'g\ . pgL r]tgfsf ;+jfxs ;d]t ag]sf 5g\ .

14

x]8df:6/sf] 6\ofAn]6bLks – c5fd

lzIfs tyf ;fdflhs cleoGtf

kmls{g] lalQs} pgnfO{ nfUof], ufpFaf6

5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ x6fpg' k5{ . t/ sfd

ufx|f] lyof] . 5fpk8L d'lQmsf] s'/f ubf{

k|fon] lv;L uy]{ . pgfG;o k|ltztn]

lj/f]w uy]{ .

15

s]6f ePklg bLksn] 5fpuf]7sf] b'v a'em]sf 5g\ . ;fgf] 5Fbf pgL cfdf;Fu} ToxL ;fgf] / ;fFu'/f] uf]7df

a:y] hxfF l;wf eP/ pleg / v'6\6f tGsfP/ ;'Tg ldNy]g .

rf/ bfh'efOdWo] sfG5f bLksn] )$^ ;fndf bf];|f] >]0fLdf P;Pn;L kf; u/]kl5 PdP;Dd sf7df08f}Fdf k9] . pt} hflu/ vfP . pgL sf7df08f}df cfO{P k9\b} ubf{ cfdfnfO{ Kof/fnfOl;; eof] . cfdfn]

a'xf/Lsf] d'v x]g]{ dg u/]kl5 lszf]/ cj:yfdf g} lax] u/] . kl5 ufpFdf :s'n rnfpg] sf]xL ePg

eg]/ ufpFn]x¿n] 3/} af]nfP . pgL ufpF kms]{ / :s'n rnfpg yfn] .

kmls{g] lalQs} pgnfO{ nfUof], ufpFaf6 5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ x6fpg' k5{ . t/ sfd ufx|f] lyof] . 5fpk8L d'lQmsf] s'/f ubf{ k|fon] lv;L uy]{ . pgfG;o k|ltztn] lj/f]w uy]{ . olt;Dd ls pgnfO{ b"wdf]xL

klg lbGy]gg\ / pgsf] 3/sf] klg vfFb}gy] .

pgsL >LdtL c¿em}F 5fp uf]7df al:yg\ . hlt s/ ubf{, kmsfpFbf, ufnL ubf{ klg dflggg\ . s]xL l;k gnfu]kl5 pgn] >LdtLnfO{ eg], æltdL 5fpuf]7df

a:g g5f]8\g] xf] eg] d csf]{ lax] u5'{ / 5'6\l6P/ a:5' .Æ o;kl5 eg] pgL dflgg\ . \

pgn] >LdtLnfO{ dgfPsf] nuQ} Pslbg 3/df ;k{

lbksn] 5fp x'Fbf >LdtLnfO{ 5fpuf]7 5f]8]/ 3/d} ;g{ dgfO5f8] . t:jL/df pgsf] 3/, 5fpuf]7 / >LdtL .

16

k:of] . ljrlnt klg agfof] . 5fp 3/df ga;]/ g} ;k{ cfPsf] xf] eGg] eof] . pgsL >LdtL km]l/ emG8} 5fpuf]7 a:g yflng\ . t/ bLks eg] o;sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ yfn] . 3/jl/kl/ v]t lyof] . ToxfF d';fsf Kjfn lyP . tL d';f 3/lt/ klg cfpFy] . ltg} d';f vfg ;k{ cfPsf] /x]5 .

To;sf] cln kl5 bLkssL lbbL pgsf] 3/ cfOg\ . lbbLsf nflu 5fpuf]7 clgjfo{ lyof] . s;}n] …t]/L a'xf/L 5fpk8L uf]7df al:bg c/]Ú eg]/ ;'gfOlbof] eg] klg pgL plQv]/} la/fdL eOxflNyg\ . bLkssL >LdtL 5fp ePsL lyOg\ . lbbLnfO{ yfxf lbg] s'/f ePg . pgsL >LdtLn] g} vfgf, vfhf / ;]nx¿ agfP/ lbOg\ . s]xL x'g] xf] ls eg]/ >LdtL eg] c;fWo} 8/fPsL lyOg\ . t/ lbbLnfO{ s]xL ePg . ToxfFb]lv >LdtLn] klg pgsf] ;fy lbg yflng\ .

To;} tfsf ;]e b lrN8«]g, dlxnf ljsf;, ljleGg/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ / ;+3;+:yfx¿n] 5fpuf]7

TofUg]nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ k'/:s[t ug{ yfn] . ufpFn]x¿nfO{ r]tgf hufpFb} uP . bLks t emg\

xfO:s'ndf x]8df:6/, pRr dfljsf k|frfo{ . pgn] :s'ndf klg 5fpuf]7 d'Qm cleofgdf nfUg

lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ yfn] . lszf]/Lx¿ rfF8} a'‰emsL eP . t/ Jojxf/df ckgfpg ufx|f] eof] . cfdfrflxF uf]7df a:g] 5f]/L ga:g] s'/f ePg, lsgeg] 5f]/Lx¿ cfdfs} lgoGq0fdf x'G5g\ . lszf]/Lx¿ lrlGtt x'Fb} eGy], æ;/, xfdLnfO{ t 5fp eP 3/ a:g}

lbFb}gg\, :s'n cfpg klg lbFb}gg\ .Æ

ca s] ug]{ < ;f]em} uP/ ;DemfpFbf ltgn] k|ltsf/ u5{g\ . ;d:of emg\ alNemG5 . pgn] :s'nsf lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;DemfpFb} eg], æltdLx¿n] 3/df eGg', :s'ndf xfdLnfO{ x]8;/n] 5fp gx'g] 6\ofAn]6 v'jfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] :s'n kl9Gh]n xfd|f] 5fp x'Fb}g .Æ

x]8df:6/n] eg]kl5 gkTofpg] s'/f klg ePg . ufpFn]x¿nfO{ xf]nf eGg] nfUof] . :s'n k9\g] lszf]/Lx¿ 5fp eP klg :s'n cfpg yfn] / 3/d} a:g yfn] .

o;f] ubf{ub}{ b'O{tLg jif{kl5 ;To yfxf eof] . Tolt a]nf;Dd dflg;x¿ w]/}h;f] kl/jt{g eO;s]sf klg lyP . y'k|} wfdL, ljleGg ;+:yf, lgu/fgL ;d"x, lszf]/L ;d"x ;a} 5fpk8L uf]7 d'Qm cleofgdf nfu]sf lyP . dlxnfx¿n] 5fpk8Lsf] b'Mv / j]bgfnfO{ uLt agfP/} ufpg yfn]sf lyP . ca 5f]/L a'xf/L 5fp x'Fbf 3/d} a;] klg s;}n] glgsf] dfg]gg\ .

o;/L x]8df:6/sf] 6\ofAn]6n] ufpFnfO{ g} ;~rf] agfOlbof] .

c5fdsf] Pp6f 5fpk8L d'Qm uflj; 3f]if0ff sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL .

17

pbfx/0fLo bDktLn]NofP kl/jt{g

kb\dfb]jL / eLdaxfb'/ – afh'/f;fdflhs cleoGtf

dlxnf ljsf; sfof{non] lbPsf] tflnd

lnPkl5 eg] pgdf cfF6 knfpFb} uof] .

aflx/L dfG5]n] t k|]/0ff lbg] dfq} xf], 3/

leqs} >Ldfg\ clg kl/jf/n] s'/f a'em]kl5

cl3 a9\g ;lhnf] eof] .

18

afh'/fsL kb\dfb]jLnfO{ jf:tjd} cfgf cfFvf b'O{rf]6L pl3|P h:tf] nfU5 — Ps rf]6L !^ jif{sf] pd]/df k|f}9 sIffdf egf{ ePkl5, / bf]>f] kfln dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, afh'/fn] ufpFdf cfP/ lbPsf] tflnddf efu lnPkl5 .

;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul/Psf] pQm tflnd kl5 aNn kb\dfnfO{ lhGbuLsf] ;f/ a'em]h:tf] nfUof] . dlxnfsf] z/L/ s:tf] x'G5 <, ;/;kmfO s;/L / lsg ug{] <, ;d"x s;/L lgdf{0f ug{] < / 5fp x'Fbf lsg uf]7df a:g'gkg{] < h:tf k|Zgdf tflndkl5 pgL k|i6 eOg\ . oxL tflndn] hLjgdf 7"nf] df]8 NofOlbof] — o;df l;s]sf s'/f k5\ofpFb} hfFbf pgsf] 5fpuf]7 g} eTsfOof] . To;otf pgL 5fp x'Fbf 3/leq} al:5g\ .

5fp x'Fbf Ps t cfkm\g} z/L/sf] 8/ . csf{] j/k/sf abdf; dfG5]x?sf] 8/ . h+unL hgfj/ / ;k{,

laR5L, sg;'Tnf]sf] klg p:t} 8/ . 8/}8/df clgFbf]df /ft s6\Yof] . æslxn]sfxLF !)÷!@ hgL Ps} uf]7df

e]nf x'GYof}+ . kL8f / 8/ e'Ng b]p8f ufpFb} lgbfpFYof},+Æ pgL tLtf] ctLt ;lDemlG5g\, æo:tf] si6

kfPkl5 /fte/ ljb|f]x u5f{}+ ;f]Rof], laxfg x'Fbf pxL tfn . cgk9 ePkl5 t cfF6 klg gcfpFbf] /x]5 .Æ

dlxnf ljsf; sfof{non] lbPsf] tflnd lnPkl5 eg] pgdf cfF6 knfpFb} uof] . aflx/L dfG5]n] t k|]/0ff

lbg] dfq} xf], 3/leqs} >Ldfg\ clg kl/jf/n] s'/f a'em]kl5 cl3 a9\g ;lhnf] eof] .

pgsf] ljjfx @) jif{sf] pd]/df eLdaxfb'/;Fu eof] . …kf]On 3/dfÚ cfP klg kb\dfnfO{ k/fO{ cg'ej slxNo} ePg /] . k'?ifn] 3/leqsf] sfd ug{'x'Gg eGg] dfgl;stfn] g]kfn}el/ ulx/f] h/f] uf8]sf] 5 . t/ eLdaxfb'/n] >LdtLnfO{ aflx/L ;fdflhs sfddf ;xif{ k7fP/ cfkm" ksfpg], efF8f dfem\g], 3/ ;kmf ug{], n'uf w'g] ;a} sfd u5{g\ . laxfg} p7]/ 3/ lnkkf]t u/]/ nf]6fdf hn e/]/ a8Ldflnsflt/ kmsf{P/ 9f]sfdf /fVg' >Ldfg\ eLdaxfb'/sf] lgTo sd{ xf] .

ufpFdf eLdaxfb'/sf s'/f sf6\g] dfG5] t slt slt . pgLx? eGbf /x]5g\, pm nf]Ug]dfG5] x}g, :jf:gLdfG5] xf] . hf]O{l6ª\u|] eg]/ pgnfO{ psf:g]x? y'k|} 5g\ ufpFdf . t/ tL ;a}nfO{ pgn] ;'g]sf] g;'Go} ul/

lbPsf 5g\ .

log} ldng;f/ >Ldfg\sf] ;fy kfP/ klg xf]nf,

kb\dfb]jL gjb'uf{ dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf

nuftf/ tLg sfo{sfn cWoIf eO;lsg\ . ;+:yfdfkm{t dfl;s ;+sng / C0f ;fk6L lbOG5 . o;} dfkm{t d;nf agfpg] tflnd lbg'sf ;fy} ufpF ;kmf /fVg tyf v'nf ?kdf lb;flk;fa gug{ pgLx? cfkm} :j:km"t{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;kmntf t ufpFdf clxn] Pp6f klg 5fpuf]7 5}g .

pgsf cg';f/ of] sfo{sf nflu dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no / ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] sfo{qmdn] cfkm"x?df xf};nf ylklbPsf] lyof] . t/ kb\dfb]jLsf] cg'ejdf dlxnfnfO{ 5fpuf]7df a:g gk/] klg cem} s]xL ;d:of 5Fb} 5g\ . h:tf] ls, 5fpF x'Fbf b"w bxL vfg lbg] rng cem} 5}g . dlxnfx?sf] dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g cfP klg k'?ifx?sf] x}sd cem} w]/} sd ePsf] 5}g . t/ ca 5f]/LnfO{ k9fpg] ugf{n] ;d:ofdf sdL cfpg] pgL 7flG5g\ .

kb\dfb]jLnfO{ cfdf tyf lbbLx?sf] hLjgsf] b'Mv ;DemFbf klg sxfnL nfU5 . 5fpF x'Fbf PSn} 6f9f

a:g'kg{] h:tf] cdfgjLo s'k|yf pxfFx?n] hLjge/ ef]Ug'k¥of], t/ cfkm"n] cfwL hLjg dfq ef]u]sfn]

cfkm"nfO{ efUodfgL 7flG5g\ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] k|of; gePsf] eP cfkm"x?sf] hLjg klg

/f]O{/f]O{ laTg] lyof] eGg] pgnfO{ nfU5 .

5fpk8L d'Qm dfq sxfF xf] /, b'O{ jif{ klxn] ;a}sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;n] pgsf] uflj; afnljjfx d'Qm klg 3f]lift eO;Sof] . o:tf cfbz{ bDktLsf] ;+Vofdf

j[l4 eP afh'/fdf kl/jt{g cfpg w]/} ;do nfUg] h:tf] b]lvGg .

19

5fp n'sfpg] afgL;Gtf]if – c5fd

g]t[ / ;fdflhs cleoGtf

To;kl5 pgn] !% lbg;Dd 5fpuf]7df

a:g'k¥of] . oL lbgdf slxNo} /fd|f];Fu

lgb|f nfu]g, 8/ eg] g/fd|f];Fu nflu/Xof] .

5fpuf]7df a:bf h]n o:t} x'G5 xf]nfh:tf]

nfUof] . t/ of] h]ndf s'g ck/fwn] a:g'k/]

sf] xf]nf eg]/ cfkm}nfO{ w]/} k6s ;f]lwg\ .

20

5fpk8Lsf] kL8f ef]u]sf slt lbbLalxgLn] af]n]/ljb|f]x ug{ vf]H5g\ . ;Gtf]ifsf] ljb|f]x eg] lgs} zfGt lyof] — pgn] o;nfO{ n'sfP/ g} /fVg vf]lhg\ .

pgL !^ jif{df klxnf] k6s 5fp eOg\ . t/ s;}nfO{ elggg\ . klxnf] k6s n'sfpFbf vf;} 8/ nfu]g\/ /ut klg w]/} au]g . bf];|f] / t];|f] k6s eg] w]/} /ut au]sfn] ;fx|} 8/ nfUof] . g pgL;Fu Kof8 lyof] g 3/]n' Kof8 agfpg cfpFYof] . s;};Fu Kof8 agfpg l;sf}F eg] c¿n] yfxf kfOxfN5g\ . aaf{bx'G5 . 5fp ePsf] n'sfPsfn] b]ptfn] g} l/;fP/ w]/} /ut aufOlbPsf x'g\ ls eg]/ v'a 8/fOg\ .

Ps dg t nfUof], a? ;a} s'/f eg]/ 5fpk8L uf]7df a:g hftL . t/ eg]kl5 :s'n hfg kfOFb}g . t]n nufP/ skfn sf]g{ kfOFb}g . s]6fx¿n] lh:sfpnfg\ / :s'nel/ xNnf rnfOb]nfg\ . 5fp ePsf s]6Lx¿nfO{ s]6fx¿n] luHofpFb} eGy], ÆoL 5fp ePsf 5g\ . logLx¿eGbf xfdL 6f9} a:g'k5{ . gq xfd|f b]ptf l/;fpF5g\ . k9fO klg lau|G5 .Æ pgnfO{ oL ;a} cf/f]k ;xg dg nfu]g . To;}n] pgn] 5fp ePsf] s'/f n'sfpg] lg0f{o ul/g\ .

rf}yf] k6s 5fp ePsf] rf}y} lbg . ;w}Fem}F :s'n uOg\ . cl3kl5eGbf cg'zfl;t eP/ k9\g al;g\ . crfgs pgnfO{ tn x';'Ss eof] . tftf] clg RofkRofk h:tf] . s] eof] eg]/ p7]/ x]g]{ cfF6 cfPg . pgnfO{ yfxf lyof], /ut w]/} au]sf] 5 .

x'g;Dd nfh / 8/ nfUof] . To;}n] pgL emg\ grndnfpg] eOg\ . xfkm5'6\6Ldf ;a} aflx/ uPsf]

a]nf o;f] x]/]sL t pgn] nufPsf] k|mssf] k5fl8 / a]GrLdf /ut}/ut .

pgL Psbd xtf; eOg\ . / klg h'lSt /lrg\ . pgL;Fu gLnf] d;L lyof] . ToxL d;L km|s / a]GrLdf nufOg\ . /ftf] /ut sfnf] eof] . s;}n] b]lvxfNof] eg] d;L kf]lvP/ n'uf / a]GrLel/ nfUof] eGg kfOof];\ eg]/ To;f] ul/g\ .

5'6\6L ePkl5 pgL clGtddf lgl:sOg\ . 3/ k'u]/

vf6df yrSs al;g\ . a:gf;fy km]l/ x'n'Ss eof] . p7]/ x]bf{ t nk|mSs} leHg]u/L /ut au]sf] /x]5 . o;/L g} /ut aUg] xf] eg] z/L/sf] /ut g} ;lsG5 xf]nf . nfh 36\of], czflGt a9\of] . o:tf] tgfj ;xg'eGbf t cfdfnfO{ elgg\, Æd 5fp ePsL 5' .Æ

To;kl5 pgn] !% lbg;Dd 5fpuf]7df a:g'k¥of] . oL lbgdf slxNo} /fd|f];Fu lgb|f nfu]g, 8/ eg]

g/fd|f];Fu nflu/Xof] . 5fpuf]7df a:bf h]n o:t} x'G5 xf]nfh:tf] nfUof] . t/ of] h]ndf s'g ck/fwn]

21

a:g'k/]sf] xf]nf eg]/ cfkm}nfO{ w]/} k6s ;f]lwg\ .

@)%@ ;fndf pgsf] dfuL ljjfx eof] . lax]kl5 pgsf >Ldfg\n] eg]— …o:tf] hjfgLsf] pd]/df oxfF ga; . ca ;Fu} hfg] xf] pt} . 5fp xFbf oxfF uf]7df a:g'k5{ . ;'/Iff 5}g . 5fpk8L uf]7df hf] klg k:g ;S5 / h] klg ug{ ;S5 . anfTsf/ klg x'g;S5 .Ú

;Gtf]ifnfO{ klg 5fpuf]7df c¿ anfTs[t ePsf / s'/f ;fd;'d kfl/OPsf] yfxf lyof] . To;}n] pgL >Ldfg\;Fu aDa} uOg\ . h]7f] 5f]/f] aDa}df hGdfOg\ . clxn] pgL r]GgfO{df rf6{8{ PsfpG6]g;L k9\b} 5g\ . ;fgf] 5f]/f] gf} sIff k'lu;s] .

;'?df pgL aDa} tLgrf/ jif{ al;g\ . To;kl5 cfpg]

hfg] eO/Xof] .

aDa}af6 kms]{kl5 pgnfO{ lrGtf k¥of] . 5fp n'sfpFm eg] ;f;';;'/f / l5d]sLnfO{ lsg / s'g sf/0fn] 5fp ePg eGg], egf}F eg] 5fpuf]7df a:g'kg]{ . pgsf >Ldfg\n] kmf]gaf6} l;sfP,Æue{lg/f]ws ;'O{ nufPsf] 5', rf/kfFr jif{;Dd 5fp x'Fb}g eGg" .Æ

;'?df t pgn] >Ldfg\sf] s'/f dflggg\ . b]ptf

l/;fpnfg\ / s]xL clgi6 x'g] xf] ls eGg] 8/ nfUof] . kl5 eg] dflgg\ .

)%& ;fnb]lv ha pgL dlxnf ljsf; ;ldltdf ;fdflhs kl/rflnsf eP/ sfd ul/g\, w]/} s'/f

l;Sg / 5fpk8Lsf af/]df r]tgfsf sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfOg\ . ;'?d} ToxfF cfwf/e"t tflnddf ;a} s'/f l;sfOof] . Pp6f s'/f pgnfO{ v'a 3t k¥of] — 5f]/LnfO{ klg Gjf/g ug'{k5{, 5fp ePkl5 uf]7df x}g 3/df a:g'k5{ Û

To;kl5 ;Gtf]ifnfO{ cfkm"n] lxF8]sf] af6f] 7Ls nfUof] . pgL 5fp n'sfpFb} uOg\ . t/ tLgrf/ jif{kl5 ;f;";;"/fn] jf:tljstf yfxf kfP/ ;fx|} lrQ b'vfP . eg], Æ5fp ePsf] ca gn'sf, a'xf/L . a? ;/;kmfO ul/sg 3/s} Ps sf]7fdf a; . xfdLnfO{ t}Fn] 5f]Psf] gv'jfOb] .Æ

;f;";;'/f of] eGbf w]/} g} l/;fpFy] xf]nfg\ . t/ Tolt a]nf;Dd pgLx¿ j/k/sf] ;dfh s]xL kl/jlt{t

eO;s]sf] lyof] . ;]e b lrN8«]g, o'lg;]km, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljefu cflbn] ufpFdf 5fpk8L k|yf cGTosf nflu sfof{no sfo{qmdx¿ NofO/x]sf lyP .

)^$ ;fnb]lv pgL lgu/fgL ;d"xdf klg sfd ug{ yflng\ . cGo ufpFx¿df lgu/fgL ;d"x u7g ug{ hfFbf ufpFsf k'/fgf dfG5]n] pgnfO{ …5fpk8LÚ eg]/ ufnL uy]{ / eGy], Æcfkm" klg lalu|g], c¿nfO{ klg laufg]{ ÛÆ

t/ pgL cem} klg lxDdltnL l5g\ . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no cGtu{t ;fdflhs kl/rflnsf / lgu/fgL ;d"xsf] ;b:o eP/ sfd ub}{ ufpFsf] 3/df PSn} al:5g\ . pgsf] Pp6} OR5f 5, cfkm"n] h:tf] c¿ s'g} lbbL alxgLn] 5fp n'sfP/ b'v gkfpg\ Û

22

cfF6n] d]l6of] s';+:sf//Tgf – c5fd

ljBfyL{

pgsf] uflj; @)^& ;fndf 5fpk8L d'Qm

3f]if0ff eof] . tLg j8fnfO{ 5fpk8L d'Qm

u/fPsfn] c5fds} klxnf] /]l8of] /fdf/f]zg

/]l8of]sf] k|fª\u0fdf pgnfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd

/flvPsf] lyof] .

23

P3f/ jif{s} pd]/df 5fp ePkl5 /TgfnfO{ ;s;

k¥of] . t/ pgn] 3/df s;}nfO{ elggg\ . cfdfn] eg] 5f]/Lsf] rfnfdfnf b]v]/ zª\sf ul/g\ / ;f]lwg\, ætF

5fp x'Fb} 5;\ ls 5}g;\ <Æ /Tgfn] lkF9Ldf a;]sL km'k"lt/ k'n'Ss x]l/g\ . km'k"n] geg eg]/ cfFvf lemDSofOg\ . To;kl5 /Tgfn] elgg\— æesf] 5}g .Æ

km'k"n] klg 5fp ePsf] n'sfpg] /lx5g\ . b"w, bxL, l3p vfg kfOFb}g eg]/ n'sfPsL /] . To;sf] tLg jif{ kl5 ;ft sIff k9\bfk9\b} /Tgfn]

efuL lax] ul/g\ . cf7 jif{;Dd dfOtLsf] 9f]sf aGb eof] . t/ 3/sfn] eJo :jfut u/] . ;f;";;'/fn] afcfdfn] em}F dfof / ;+/If0f lbP . pgsf] k9fO /fd|f] lyof] . >Ldfg\ / ;;'/fn] klg k9\g'k5{ eg]/ k|]/0ff lbO/x] . To;}n] k9\g}sf nflu b'j}n] ;b/d'sfd

d+un;]gd} 8]/f a:g yfn] .

3/df xf];\ of 8]/fdf, /TgfnfO{ ;d:of lyof] –

5fpk8Lsf] . k9]n]v]sf dlxnfx¿ klg 5fpk8L k|yf dfGg afWo lyP . /TgfnfO{ 5fpuf]7df a:g k6Ss}

dg lyPg . t/ Pp6L ;ft sIff k9\g] lszf]/Ln] tTsfn 5fpk8L k|yfsf] ljb|f]x ug{ ;Sg] s'/} lyPg . o;df ;xfos ag]/ cfP pgsf >Ldfg\ . >Ldfg\ lji0f' axfb'/n] ;f]r], æk|To]s dlxgf ;ft lbg;Dd 5fpuf]7df a:bf t cfkt x'G5 . cfkm"n] klg ;'/Iffsf nflu 5fpuf]7 s'/]/ a:g'k¥of] . k9fO 5 . To;}n] of] nkm8faf6 d'Qm x'g}k5{ .Æ

olt lg0f{o ul/;s]kl5 /Tgfn] klg cfkm"nfO{ 5fp ePsf] n'sfpg yflng\ . lgs} dlxgf;Dd 5fp gePkl5 ;f;'n] k|Zg ul/g\, Æ/Tgf lsg 5fp x'Gg < s'g} ladf/ nfUof] ls bf]lhof eO{ <Æ >Ldfgn] lrQ a'‰bf] pQ/ lbP, Æ/Tgfn] cf}ifwL vfPsL 5, slxNo} 5fp x'Gg .Æ 5f]/fn] eg]kl5 cfdfn] kTofOg\ .

t/ cfdfn] dfq kTofP/ ePg, l5d]sLn] klg

kTofpg'k¥of] . lji0f'n] km]l/ h'lQm /r] — lbglbg} g'xfpg] / skfn sf]g]{ . 5fp x'Fbf lbglbg} g'xfpg'k5{

t/ skfn sf]g'{x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf lyof] . lbglbg} g'xfpg] / skfn sf]g]{ u/]kl5 c¿n] 5fp ePsf] d];}

kfpFb}gg\ . To;kl5 >Ldfgn] /TgfnfO{ :yfgLo ¿kdf sk8fsf] Kof8 agfpg l;sfP .

olt d];f] ldnfP klg ;a}sf] dg sxfF dfGYof] / Û /Tgfsf 3/k6L s6\6/ afx'g lyP, zª\sf ul//xGy] .

s'g}s'g} lbg 3/a]6L cfdf PSn} e'te'tfpFlyg\, ÆoxfF 5fp ePsf cfOdfO{ 3/d} a:5g\, xfd|f] e}F;L afFemf] .Æ l5d]sL / ufpFn]n] klg ufOFu'OF s'/f sf6\g yfn]— Ænf}, Sof xf] of] rfnf /Tgfsf] < 5fp klg gx'g], bf]lhof klg gx'g] < of] t afFemL cfOdfO{ /}5 .Æ

24

;ª\3if{ / ;fdgf ug{ a8f] sl7g lyof] . )^# ;fndf ha pgsf] 5f]/f hGDof], dfG5]x¿ km]l/ rlst eP, Æ5fp gx'g] cfOdfO{n] s;/L aRrf kfO{ <Æ

t/ lj:tf/} pgsf] ljb|f]xn] ;xof]u kfof] . ufpFdf ^) ;fnb]lv g} kl/jt{gsf] lemNsf p7\g yfn]sf] lyof] . )^@ ;fnlt/ ufpFdf dlxnf ljsf; ;ldltsf dfG5]x¿ cfP . uflj; :t/df /Tgfs} uflj;df klxnf] k6s kGw| hgfsf] lgu/fgL ;d"x u7g eof] . pgL To;sf] ;+of]hs algg\ .

ToxL jif{sf] sflt{s dlxgf lgu/fgL ;d"xsf !% hgf / s]xL lszf]/Lx¿ /Tgfs} g]t[Tjdf 5fpk8L k|yf;DaGwL uLt agfP/ b]p;Le}nf] v]Nb} lyP .\b]p;Le}nf] v]ln/x]sf] 7fpFdf Ps hgf wfdL cfP,hf] of] cleofg;Fu klxn]b]lv g} l/;fO/x]sf lyP . e}nf] v]ln/x]sL pgnfO{ tL wfdLn] ufnfdf b'O{\r8\sg nufOxfn] . Psl5g t pgL cjfs\ eOg\ . pgL nufot c¿n] klg lsg xfg]sf] eg]/ wfdLnfO{ ¥ofv¥ofvtL kf/] . wfdLn] eg], Æt}Fn] 5fpk8Lsf] lj/f]w ugf{n] o:tf] ePsf] xf] . d}n] xfg]sf] x}g, b]ptfn] xf] .Æ

kl5 /Tgfn] ltg} wfdL;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ pgnfO{ g} j8f:t/Lo lgu/fgL ;d"xsf] ;+of]hs agfOg\ . clg t tL wfdL klg o; k|yfsf] pGd'ng cleofgsf cleoGtf ag] . of] 36gfkl5 /Tgf 5fpk8L d'St uflj; agfpg sDd/ s;]/ nflug\ . gAa] k|ltzt

dfG5] pgsf] ljkIfdf pleFbf klg pgn] lxDdt xfl/gg\ .

)^$ ;fnaf6 ;]e b lrN8«]gn] 5fpk8L k|yflj?4 ufpFdf sfd ug{ yfNof] . ToxL sfo{qmd cGt{ut pgn] ;8s gf6s agfP/ clego klg ul/g\ . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf nflu ufpFdf k|To]s dlxgf b'O{tLg sfo{qmd x'g yfn] . la:tf/} c¿ dlxnfx¿n] eGg yfn], Æ/Tgf hfg] eP dfq xfdL hfG5f}F ÛÆ

pgdf pT;fx a9\b} uof] . ;dfhsf s'k|yf / s';+:sf/sf] lj?4 nflu/xLg\ . wf/f], kf6L, kFw]/f], :s'n, d]nfkft hxfF eP klg pgn] 5fpk8Lsf af/]df s'/f p7fOg\ / 5fp x'Fbf s;n] s]s] ub}{5g\ lgu/fgL klg ul//lxg\ .

cleofgdf lxF8\bf Pshgf l5d]sL aHo}n] pgsL ;f;"sf] sfg km'ls5g\, Æltd|L a'xf/Ln] ufpF ef8\g nfuL, ufpFaf6} lgsflNbP x'G5 .Æ To;kl5 ;f;"n] xKsfOg\— …tF 5fpk8LnfO{ 3/} /fVgk5{ eg]/ s'/f u5]{;\ c/] . ca t}Fn] uflj; klg ghfg", sfo{qmddf

klg ghfg" .Ú /Tgfn] a'emfOg\, ÆTo:tf] xf]Og cfdf, ;'wf/ ug{ vf]h]sL x'F .Æ

>Ldfg\ / ;dfh;]jL ;;'/fsf] ;fy eg] pgn] kfO/lxg\ . )^% ;fndf hgfnL jG8f/L uflj;sf tLgcf]6f j8f 5fpk8L d'Qm 3f]if0ff x'Fbf pgL v';Ln] tLglaQf plkm|Og\ . pgsf] uflj; @)^& ;fndf 5fpk8L d'Qm 3f]if0ff eof] . tLg j8fnfO{ 5fpk8L d'Qm u/fPsfn] c5fds} klxnf] /]l8of] /fdf/f]zg /]l8of]sf] k|fª\u0fdf pgnfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . ToxfF pgnfO{ emfk8 xfGg] wfdL klg lyP . tL wfdLn] xfF:b} /TgfnfO{ eg], Æb]ptfn] xfGofsf] emfk8 cfh tF'nfO{ kmNof] x} af ÛÆ

olt k|ult x'Fbf klg pgnfO{ lv;L ug]{ plQs}

lyP . lszf]/Lx¿n] ;fy lbP klg w]/}h;f] ;f;"x¿n] eGy], Æt}Fn] ;Sg] eP k"/} c5fd 5fpk8L d'Qm agfP/ b]vf ÛÆ

pgn] hjfkm t kmsf{Ogg\ t/ pgnfO{ dgdg nfU5,

Tof] lbg klg cfpF5 .

25

dlxnfnfO{ v'zL /fv] b]ptf v'zL x'G5g\

cf]ddfg l;+x – c5fdwfdL

ahf/df lsg]sf] t]nn] eujfg\nfO{ aQL

aflnG5, ahf/af6} NofPsf] gl/jn eujfg\sf

nflu kmf]l/G5 . Tof] gl/jn 5fp ePsfn]

klg 5f]P xf]nfg\ gePsfn] klg .

26

cf]ddfgnfO{ !& jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] k6s b]ptf

r9\of] . crfgs pgL 8u8u sfDg yfn] / aa{/fpg yfn] . pgsf lhh'afh] klg wfdL lyP . ltg} b]ptfn]

cfkm"nfO{ kS8] eGg] cf]ddfgnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . b]ptfn] pgnfO{ eg], æ5fpk8LnfO{ 3/} g/fv / 5f]Psf] klg

gvf .Æ

pgn] klg 5f]Ol56f] u/] . 5fp;Fu tls{P . tNnf] hft / dflyNnf] hft eg] . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pgn] cfkm};Fu eg], æahf/df lsg]sf] t]nn] eujfg\nfO{ aQL

aflnG5, ahf/af6} NofPsf] gl/jn eujfg\sf nflu kmf]l/G5 . Tof] gl/jn 5fp ePsfn] klg 5f]P xf]nfg\ gePsfn] klg .Æ o:tf] ;f]rfOn] pgnfO{ uDeL/

agfof] . afh]a/fh'n] lsg o:tf] rng rnfP eGg] klxNo}b]lv dgdf nflu/xGYof] . t/ cfkm+}df r]tgf cfPsf] lyPg, / 5fpk8L x6fpg] s'/f nfu' xf]nf h:tf] nfu]g pgnfO{ .

b]ptfn] h]h] eg] klg y'k|} slnnf 5f]/La'xf/LnfO{ 5fpk8L uf]7df b]Vbf pgsf] dg em;ª\u x'GYof] .

cem slt t cfgf] 5fpk8L uf]7 klg geP/ c¿sf] uf]7df a:g'kYof]{ . c¿sf]df klg a:g gkfpg]x¿ ls u'kmfdf a:y] ls o;} v'Nnfdf s]/fsf] kft cf]8]/

a:y] . hf8f] / avf{df ltgsf] lahf]u b]v]/ pgL w]/} k6s em:s] . ;Fu} ;k{ / v/fa lgotsf k'?ifaf6 klg c;'/lIft ePsf] b]Vtf pgsf b]ptf af]n]gg\ .

gaf]n]kl5 s] nfUof], h] eO/x]5 l7s eO/x]5 .

t/ Pp6f 36gfn] eg] pgdf efjgfTds kl/jt{g

NofOlbof] . Pp6L dlxnf 5fp eP/ uf]7df a;]sL lyOg\ . ‰ofn gePsf] 5fpk8L uf]7sf] 9f]sf /

‰ofnaf6 3/lt/ x]l//x]sL lyOg\, 3/df cfuf] an]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ . pgsf 5 / cf7 jif{sf

5f]/f5f]/L lyP . ltgn] vfgf ksfpg ;Sy]gg\ . lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] ;f;" cfg} sf]7fdf 8lNnP/ a;]sL lyOg\ . nf]Ug] tndf ;'lt/x]sf lyP xf]nfg\ .

dWo/ftdf /S;Ln] na{l/Fb} / aa{/fpFb} cfPsf] pgn] yfxf kfPsL lyOg\ . nf]Ug]nfO{ cem} /S;Ln] 5f]8]sf] lyPg xf]nf . pgn] o;f] 3fdlt/ x]l/g\, ;fob|

27

;f]lrg\ xf]nf laxfgsf] bz alh;Sof] . tL ;fgf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] :s'n hfg'kg]{ . :s'n hfg'k5{ eg]/

;Demfpg] klg sf]xL ePg . eP klg ef]s} k7fpg] s'/} ePg . tL 5fp ePsL cfdfnfO{ nfUof] xf]nf, 5fpuf]7df a:g' gkg]{ ePsf] eP d klg ;x/

sf dlxnfn] em}F cfgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ vfgf v'jfP/, :s'nsf] n'uf nufOlbP/, lstfasfkLsf] emf]nf l7s kfl/lbP/ :s'n k7fO;s]sf] x'g] lyPF . ha wfdLn] l5d]sdf Tof] b[Zo b]v] pgsf] dg s6Ss sfl6of] .

cfkm" wfdL eP/ ;dfhdf s] lgodnfO{ ckgfP5'h:tf] klg nfUof] .

pgL t s'g} ;x/ gb]v]sf dfG5] . cfg} lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd d+un;]g klg gk'u]sf . y'k|} ;x/ 8'n]sf,

b]zljb]z 3'd]sf, ;+;f/ a'em]sf dfG5]x¿n] 5fpk8Lk|yf g/fd|f] xf] eg]kl5 pgL clnslt em:s]sf lyP . dflg;n] rnfPsf] x'Fbf dflg;n] g} of] rng x6fpg ;S5 eGg] s'/f ;'g]kl5 pgL cem} g/fd|/L em:s] .

ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ ufpFdf cfP . 5fpk8L;DaGwL tflnd lbP . pgL klg tflnddf ;xefuL eP . k9]n]v]sf / hfg]a'em]sfx¿sf] s'/f ;'g] . aNn pgsf] dgf]nf]ssf] cFWof/f] åf/ v'Nof], 3}F6fdf 3fd nfUof] .

pgn] csf]{ klg Pp6f 36gf ;'gfP, æhf]O{ k/ 5fpuf]7df ;'t]sL x'G5] . kf]O otf 3/df . hf]O{nfO{ s'/L a:g] s'/f klg x'Fb}g . /flt s;n] s] u¥of] s] yfxf . s;}n] unt sfd ubf{ 8fFsf] xfn]/ /f]P 5'/L w;]/ efU5g\ . pm uO;s]kl5 hf]O{nfO{ PsfGtdf cfgf] Joyf eg] kf]On] TofU5 . dlxnfnfO{ bf]xf]/f] 8/ x'G5 .Æ

To;}n] clxn] cfP/ pgnfO{ nfU5, 5fp eP klg 5fpk8Ln] ;s];Dd 3/d} ;kmf;Fu cnu} sf]7fdfa;"g\ . geP klg 5fpuf]7 3/;Fu} hf]l8Psf] xf];\ .

)&@ ;fnsf] 5fpk8L pGd'ng /0fgLlt sfo{qmddf klxnf] k6s cfgf] lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd 6]s]sf pgL

h'n';df PS;f;L w]/} dflg; b]v]/ 8/fP . cln kl5 eg] cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb lbb}F eg], Æk'/fgf dfG5]

n] lxF8\ofsf] af6f] gofF dfG5]n] lxF8\b}gg\ . lxF8\g klg x'Gg.Æ

of] ;do;Dd cfpFbf pgnfO{ x[bob]lv g} nfU5, dlxnf v';L x'g' eg]sf] b]ptf v';L x'g' xf] . 5fpk8L

uf]7df 5fp ePsfx¿nfO{ /fVbf dlxnf v';L x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] b]ptf klg v';L x'Fb}gg\ .

5fpuf]7 lgjf/0f kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ c5fdsf b'O{ wfdLx? .

28

wfdL ag] ;fdflhs cleoGtfgl/efª – c5fd

wfdL

pgnfO{ ;a}eGbf 3t nfu]sf] 5, b]ptfb]lv

To:tf] 8/fpg] ;dfhn] clxn] b]ptfnfO{ g}

r'gf}tL lbb}F 5 . pgL of] kl/jt{gaf6 olt

k|efljt 5g\, pgL 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgsf

cleoGtf g} ag]sf 5g\ .

29

;f]x| jif{sf] pd]/df cfkm}F b]ptf cfPkl5 gl/efª wfdL

eP . pgL eG5g\, æpm a]nf b]ptfsf] 8/ w]/} lyof] .Æ Tof] a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd pgsf cfFvf;fd' slt

kl/jt{g eP . pgnfO{ ;a}eGbf 3t nfu]sf] 5, b]ptfb]lv To:tf] 8/fpg] ;dfhn] clxn] b]ptfnfO{

g} r'gf}tL lbb}F 5 . pgL of] kl/jt{gaf6 olt k|efljt 5g\, pgL 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgsf cleoGtf g} ag]sf 5g\ .

pgL ;do;Fu} cfPsf] rng b]v]/ bª\u x'Fb} eG5g\,

æpm a]nf ;a} b]jtfs} e/ ky]{ . pGn] h]h] eGof] t]O{t]O{ ug'{kYof]{ . clxn] hgr]tgf hfUof] . 5fpk8L klg ePg . pm a]nfsf b]ptf clxn] sxfF uof], stf

uof], s]xL yf 5}g .Æ

gl/efªn] c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/df lax] u/] . lax] u/]sf]

rf/ jif{kl5 g} pgL aDa} uP . To;kl5 pgL !% jif{;Dd 3/ kms]{gg\, aDa}sf] afns];/ sDkgLdf

rf}sLbf/sf] sfd ul//x] . !% jif{kl5 kmls{+bf pgsL >LdtL pgnfO{ g} s'/]/ al;/x]sL /lx5g\ . To;kl5 pgL aDa} uPgg\ . wfdL sfd / v]tLkftL u/]/ a;] .

aDa}df sfd ubf{ pgL Pp6f sf]7fdf a:y] eg] csf]{

sf]7fdf dlxnf . tL dlxnfnfO{ klg 5fp t kSs} x'GYof] . pgnfO{ nfU5, 5fp ePsf dlxnfx¿nfO{5f]Oof] klg xf]nf . :ofn'6 klg xflgof] xf]nf . t/

ToxfF s]xL clgi6 ePg . b]ptf klg cfPgg\ .

ufpF kms]{kl5 pgnfO{ nfUof], æoxfFrflxF lsg b]ptf cfpF5g\ <Æ t/ pgn] o; af/]df cfjfh p7fpg ;s]gg\ . s]xL af]Ng klg ;s]gg\ . pgL 5fpk8L k|yfs} kIfdf /lx/x] . pgsf 3/df >LdtL / 5f]/Lx¿ 5fpuf]7df a:bf pgn] ga; eGg ;s]gg\ .

la:tf/} la:tf/} eg] pgn] a'em], ;do;Fu} cfkm"df klg km]/abn cfpFbf] /x]5, rng klg p;}u/L ablng] /x]5g\ . pgL tflnddf uP, uf]i7Ldf uP, c?;Fu klg 5fpk8Lsf af/]df a'em] . 5fpk8L d'Qm uflj;nfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ ;Fu;Fu} lxF8] . clxn] t pgsf b]ptfn] klg eGg yfn]sf 5g\— Æd tFnfO{ laufg{ cfPsf] x}g . d]/f] dfGotf /fv . rf]vf] u/ .Æ pgnfO{ nfU5,b]ptf cfgf] 7fpFdf 5g\, 5fpk8L cfgf] 7fpFdf5g\ .

@)&) ;fnaf6 pgsf] uflj; 5fpk8L d'Qm ePsf]5 . ;fFRr} g} pgL / pgsf uflj;sf c? wfdL

/f]uJofwLsf] dfq xf]Og 5fpk8Lsf klg wfdL ePsf 5g\ .

wfdLemfFqmL eg]sf c5fdL ;dfhsf lgb]{zs x'g\ . pgLx¿df b]ptf r9\5 . ltg} b]ptfn] ;To / c;To,

l7s / a]l7s, rf]vf] / h'7f] 5'6\ofpF5g\ . pgLx¿ b]jb"t x'g . b]ptf r9]sf] a]nfdf pgLx¿n] af]n]sf] s'/f b]jjf0fL xf], pgLx¿n] u/]sf] sd{ b]jsd{ xf] . o:tf ;fdflhs g]tfn] g} 5fpk8LnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;fy lbPkl5 o;df ;kmntf gldNg] s'/} 5}g Û

;d'bfonfO{ 5fpuf]7 d'Qm agfpg bQlrQ c5fdsf Ps ;d'x .

30

5fpk8L lj?4sL axfb'/ zf/bf

zf/bf – c5fdljBfyL{

ahf/df lgwf/el/ cIftf nufP/ bz}Fdf 6Lsf

nufpg hfFbf klg cfkmGt ;f]W5g\, æ5fp

eofsf] 5} ls 5}g <Æ

31

gf} sIffdf k9\g] zf/bfn] cfkm" 5fp x'g'eGbf klxn] c¿ 5fp ePsf] b]lvg\ . g/dfOnf] nfUYof] . b]Vg]nfO{ t olt g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] 5 eg] ef]Ug]nfO{ slt g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] .

Tof] a]nf pgL ^ sIffdf k9\lyg\ . pgsf] ;fyL zld{nf bzdf . zld{nf 5fpuf]7df a;]sL lyOg\ . 5fp ePsf] tLg lbg ePsf] lyof] /] . k]6 b'Vof] eg]/ sqmSs k/]/ ;'lt/x]sL lyOg\ /] . yfx} kfOg5g\, ;k{ cfP/ 6fpsf]df a;]5 clg 6f]s]5 .

PSn} v'a /f]Os/fO{ ul/5g\ . To;kl5 pgL dl/g\ .

kl5 dfG5]n] dg'{sf] sf/0f cg]syf]s cg'dfg u/] . s;}n] eg], æzld{nfnfO{ ;fFkn] 6f]s]/ d/]sL xf] .Æ

s;}n] eg], æ;fFkn] 6f]Sof x}g . 9f]sf nufP/ ;'t]sfn] clS;hg gk'u/]/ latL .Æ

zf/bfnfO{ nfUof], ætL dflg;x¿n] lsg 5fpk8L uf]7df /fv]sfn] d/]sL xf] eg]/ geg]sf xf]nfg\ <Æ

7Ls ToxL a]nf pgsf] klxnf] k6s 5fp ePsf] lyof] . pgnfO{ nfUof], wGg dnfO{ uf]7df a:g k/]g .

uf]7df a:g k/]sf] eP dnfO{ klg To:t} x'GYof] xf]nf .

pgsL cfdf klg 5fpuf]7df al;gg\ . a'af laltuP . cfdf To;}n] 5fpuf]7 al;gg\, cfdf ga;]kl5 cfkm'n]

klg a:g k/]g .

t/ 5fp x'Fbf klg 3/d} a:g] eg]/ cem} klg l5d]sLn]

32

pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ l5Ml5M / b'/b'/ u5{g\ . kfgL

eg{ hfFbf klg l5d]sLx¿ xf]RofP/ k|Zg u5{g\, æ5fp ePsL xf]nL <Æ

pgL elG5g\, æ5fp ;w}F sxfF x'G5' <Æ

To;}n] pgnfO{ 5fp ePsf] a]nf cfgf] 3/ 5f]8]/ st} hfg dg nfUb}g . lsgsL hxfF uP kl5 ;a}n] 5fp s} s'/f u5{g\ .

Pslbgsf] s'/f xf] pgsL efph" / pgL 7"nL

cfdfsf]df lyP . ltvf{ nfu]/ pgL kfgL ;fg{ uOg\ . pgsL 7"nL dDdL s/fOg\, 5fp eosLn] kfgL 5'g x'Gg .Æ

pgL 5fp ePs} lyOgg\ . kfnf] klg cfPsf] lyPg . efph"n] s]lx x'gaf6 /f]Sg pgnfO{ 3/ k7fOg\ .

pgL 3/ cfOg\ . kl5 efph" klg cfOg\ . To;kl5 7"nL cfdfnfO{ b]ptf cfof] /] . sfDb} pgn] rnfPsf]

cf]5\ofg aflx/ nu]/ kmfNg / ;ft lbg kl5 rf]VofP/ Nofpg elgg\ c/] .

pgnfO{ nfU5, 5fp t ;a} dlxnf x'G5g\ t/ xfdLnfO{ dfq lsg x]nfF u5{g\ < ;fob 5fpuf]7df ga:g] eP/

xf]nf . ;a} dlxnf dlxgfdf Ps k6s x'g] xf] 5fp t/ xfdLnfO{ ;w}F x'G5 h:tf] u5{g\ .

lgwf/el/ cIftf nufP/ bz}Fdf 6Lsf nufpg hfFbf

klg cfkmGt ;f]W5g\, æ5fp eofsf] 5} ls 5}g <ÆpgL 5fp x'Fbf c¿ a]nfeGbf a9L ;/;kmfOdf Vofn ul5{g\ . lbglbg} g'xfpFl5g\ . 3/sf] dlyNnf] sf]7df ;'lTbgg\, tNnf] sf]7fdf ;'lT5g\ . kfFr lbg;Dd rf]vf]lgtf] ul5{g\ . t]n nufP/ skfn klg sf]l5{g\ . 3/sf ;a} sfd ul5{g\ . :s'n hflG5g\ .

t/ pgsL 7"nL cfdf clxn] klg pgnfO{ s/fpFl5g\, æclxn] 5fpdf ga;\ kl5 eujfgn] aRrf lbGgg clg l7Ss x'G5 .Æ

slxn]sfxLF la/fdL eOof] eg] klg c? eG5g\, æ5fpk8L uf]7 al:tg, ta o;f] eof] .Æ

cln klxn] t b"w lsGg hfFbf klg lbGgy] . eGy], æoLF 5fpuf]7df al:tgg\ . lognfO{ b"w lbPkl5 e}F;L d5{ .Æ

pgsf] ufpFdf o:tL;Dd s'ts{ ug]{ dfG5]x¿ 5g\, hf] sf7df8f}+df e'OFrfnf] hfFbf klg eGb} lyP, ætL 5fp

ePsf] a]nf 3/ d} a;]sf] eP/ To:tf] ePsf] xf] .æ

;dfhdf hlt g} kl/jt{g cfP klg / ufpF 5fpuf]7 d'Qm 3f]if0ff x'Fbf klg pgLx¿ x/]s b'3{6gfnfO{ 5fpk8L;Fu hf]l8lbG5g\ . ;fob Tolx eP/ xf]nf

sf]lx dlxnf zf/bf h;/L lxDdt u/]/ 5fpuf]7 cem} 5f8\g ;Sb}gg\ .

33

5fpuf]7df a:g' k/]g ;'zLnf / ;'dLIffnfO{z'lznf / ;'ldIff – afh'/f

lszf]/L ;d"x

æ;Ltf, eujtL, ;/:jtL, nIdL clg afh'/fsL al8dflnsf ;a} dftf x'g\,

pgLx? ;w}+ dlGb/d} a:5g\ . v}, pgLx? slxNo} uf]7df a:b}gg\ t < s]

tkfO{+x? dlxgfdf ;ft lbg;Dd dftfsf] dlGb/ g} hfg'x'Gg<

34

kGw| jif{sL ;'zLnfs'df/Lsf] 3/ afh'/fdf 5 . ;'zLnf kfFr sIffdf x'Fbf Pslbg ;b/d'sfdaf6 pgsf] :s'ndf sf]xL cfpg'eof] . sIffsf dfq x}g, :s'nsf w]/} hgfnfO{ e]nf u/]/ pxfFx?n] lszf]/Lsf ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgaf/] atfpg'eof] . d"ntM 5fp x'Fbf cFWof/f], ;fgf], kmf]xf]/ / c;'/lIft uf]7df a:g'kg{] rngsf g/fd|f kIfaf/] eGg'eof] . pxfFx?sf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 ;'zLnfnfO{ xh'/cfdf, cfdf tyf lbbLx?n] kfPsf] b'Mvaf/] cem /fd|/L yfxf eof] .

To;} jif{ ljBfnodf lszf]/L ;d"x u7g eof] . ;'zLnf klg To;df cfj4 eOg\ . pgLx? lgoldt a}7s a:g] ug{ yfn] . cfkm\gf ;d:ofaf/] cfk;df v'n]/ 5nkmn ug{ yfn] . o:tf sfddf ;3fpg] ;+:yfdf pgnfO{ dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, ;]e b lrN8«]g, lk;jLg afh'/fh:tf ;+:yfsf] gfd yfxf 5 . kf]xf]/ ;fn Pslbg pgsf] k]6 b'Vof] . cfdfn] eg]kl5 yfxf kfOg\ pgnfO{ 5fp eP5 . ;'?df pgnfO{ 8/ nfUof], ca uf]7df s;/L a:g] < t/ pgn] t'?Gt} ;lDemOg\, æcfxf Û xfd|f] 3/df t uf]7 g} 5}g .Æ

pgnfO{ xh'/cfdfx? h:tf] uf]7df a:g gkbf{ v';L nfUof] . t/ kfFr lbg hlt pgnfO{ 3/leq}

a:g'k¥of] . leq} a;]sf a]nf pgsf] dgdf s]–s] s'/f v]Ny] t < lax] eP/ csf{sf 3/ uO;s]kl5 o;/L 5fp x'Fbf ah}x? s;/L a:bf /}5g\ eg]/ pgL

gfltgL h'udf hGd]sfdf v';L x'lGyg\ . pgsf cfdfn] dfly;Dd k9\g kfpg'ePsf] lyPg t/ pgn] :s'ndf :jf:Yo lzIff k9]sf] eP/ cfdfnfO{ pN6} l;sfOg\ .

pgL clxn];Dd 5fp uf]7df a;]sL 5}gg\ . clxn] t pgsf] j8fdf s;}sf 3/df klg 5fpuf]7 5}g . 5fp x'Fbf klg pgL c? a]nf ;'Tg] sf]7fd} ;'lT5g\ . efG;fdf eg] hfg kfpFlbgg\, efG;f hfg gkfpFbf pgnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfU5 .

@)&@ ;fnsf] h]7 dlxgfdf pgL klxnf] rf]l6 dft{8L uOg\ . ToxfF pgn] ;ft lbg;Dd hLjgpkof]uL ;Lk;DaGwL tflnd lnOg\ . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no sfof{nosL …s]z/L d]8dÚn] atfPsf s'/fn] pgsf] dg 5f]Psf] 5 . pgn] cfkm\gf ;d:of ;dfwfg s;/L ug{], cGwljZjf;df /x]sfnfO{ s;/L ;Demfpg] eGg] s'/f l;lsg\ . cfhef]ln pgL ;a}nfO{ 5fp x'g' eg]sf] kfk / wd{sf] s'/f geO{ zf/Ll/s k|lqmof dfq xf] eGg ;lS5g\ . s]z/L d]8dn] eGg'eof], æ;Ltf, eujtL, ;/:jtL, nIdL clg afh'/fsL al8dflnsf ;a} dftf x'g\, pgLx? ;w}+ dlGb/d} a:5g\ . v}, pgLx? slxNo} uf]7df a:b}gg\ t < s] tkfO{+x? dlxgfdf ;ft lbg;Dd dftfsf] dlGb/ g} hfg'x'Gg<Æ of] ts{ pgnfO{ 3t k/]sf] 5 . pgL c?nfO{ s'/f a'emfpg oxL s'/f ;'gfpFl5g\ .

h]7df ;b/d'sfd uP/ tflnd lnPkl5 km]l/ pgn]

:s'nd} bz lbg;Dd tflnd lnOg\ . k|hgg :jf:Yoaf/] yk hfGg kfOg\ . ;'?df pgL o:tf s'/f ;'g]/ nhfpFlyg\, t/ cfhef]ln dlxnfaLr eg] v'n:t s'/f ug{ ;lS5g\ .

clxn] pgsf] :s'ndf dlxnf / k'?if zf}rfno 5'6\6} dfq} 5}g, zf}rfno g} rf/cf]6f 5g\ :s'ndf .

5fp x'Fbf lstfa 5f]P kfk nfU5 eGg]x? cfhef]ln ;w}+ k9\g cfPsf] b]Vbf pgnfO{ v';L nfU5 . pgsf] ufpFdf ;a}eGbf a9L dfg–dof{bf wfdLsf] x'G5 . wfdLn] h] eGof] ToxL dfGg] x'Fbf wfdLnfO{ g} tflnd lbPkl5 pgLx? klg uf]7df a:g'kb{}g eGb} lxF8]sf] b]Vbf pgnfO{ ufpFdf ;fFRr} kl/jt{g cfPsf] h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . pgnfO{ b'Mv nfUg] s'/f klg 5 . ufpFdf s'g} s'g} 3/df 5fp x'Fbf 3/sf] ufO{sf] b"w–bxL vfg lbOFb}g, l3p eg] vfg lbg yfn]sf 5g\ .

;'zLnfsL ;xkf7L ;fyL ;'dLIff -jif{ !%_ klg clxn];Dd 5fp x'Fbf slxNo} uf]7df a;]sL 5}gg\ . ;'zLnf / ;'dLIff k9\g] pRRf dfljdf kfFRf sIffdfly k9fpg] Ps hgf klg ld;–Dof8d x'g'x'Gg, dlxnf lzIfsf t Ps hgf dfq x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] oL b'O{nfO{

lzlIfsf eP/ 1fg / r]tgfsf] lbof] km}nfpg] OR5fa9]sf] 5 .

35

5fpuf]7sf] cGToM3/af6} z'?jftwd{l;+x – 8f]6L

;fdflhs cleoGtf

æsfd ug]{ 7fpFdf klg :jf:gLdflg; 5g\ .

pgLx? klg 5fp x'Fbf x'g\ . v} slxn} 5'6\6}

a:b}gg\,Æ pgn] ;f]r] . ToxL ;Dem]/ >LdtLnfO{

vfgf ksfpg eg] .

36

lbkfon b]lv b'O{ 306f sRrL ;8s u'8]kl5 ;fgf];fgf] pkTosf h:tf] ufpF k'luG5 . o;sf] ljz]iftf — of] 5fpk8L d'St uflj; dWo] Ps xf] . oxLFsf afl;Gbf x'g\ wd{l;+x . pgsf cg';f/ 5fpk8L d'Qm uflj; cleofgdf nfUbf sDtf x08/ vfOPg . t/ cGttM pgLx? nIodf k'Ug ;kmn eP .

æof] cleofg grn]sf] eP oxfFsf dflg;n] clxn];Dd

s]xL a'em]sf x'Gy]gg\,Æ wd{l;+xn] eg],æ xfdL cem} s}of}F jif{ kl5 kg]{ lyof}F . d t pxL k'/fgf] dfGotf;Fu} dy]{F xf]nf .Æ

æca klxn]sf] h:tf] rng 5}g,Æ pgn] uj{sf ;fy

yk], æklxn] klg xfdLsxfF cGt h:tf] 5fp ePsf :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ k/k/sf] uf]7df nu]/ /fVg] rng lyPg .Æ

t/ pgsf] ufpFdf klg dlxgfjf/L ePsf dlxnfx¿nfO{ c5't gdflgg] sxfF lyof] /<

wd{l;+x ;fg} x'Fbf pgsL cfdf …k/ ;ly{g\Ú / pgn] cfdf;Fu cnlUug' kYof]{ . cfdfnfO{ 5'g klg gkfO{

/] . s:tf] lgod xf]nf < cfdf 5fp ePsf 5 lbg sf6\g pgnfO{ w]/} ;s; x'GYof] .

5fp ePsf a]nf Ps;/f] kmfxf]/L n'uf nufPsL pgsL cfdfn] cfFugsf] l8ndf a;]/ vfgf vflGyg\ . jl/

kl/sf ?v lj?jfnfO{ klg 5f]OPnf ls eg]em}F cnUu} lx+8\lyg\ .

b]ptfsf] l/;;Fu hf]l8Psf] a'em]/ cfdfsf] 5fp x'g'nfO{ pgn] la:tf/} ;+:sf/sf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ub}{ uP .

pgsf lbbL alxgL klg 5fp x'Fbf cfdfem}F 5'l6\6P/

a:g yfn] . b'w, bxL, kmnkm"n / ld7f] lrh vfg kfpFb}g lyP .

pgsf] lax] eof] . To;kl5 !(^$ ;fndf pgL >LdtL lnP/ ef/t uP .

ef/tdf klg >LdtLnfO{ dlxgfjf/L t e}xfNYof] . Pp6f ;fgf] sf]7f lyof], To:tf]df s;/L 5'6\6} a:g' < æsfd ug]{ 7fpFdf klg :jf:gLdflg; 5g\ . pgLx? klg 5fp x'Fbf x'g\ . v} slxn} 5'6\6} a:b}gg\,Æ pgn]

;f]r] . ToxL ;Dem]/ >LdtLnfO{ vfgf ksfpg eg] .

eGg t elgxfn] . t/ Hofg k/b]z eP klg dg 8f]6]nL lyof] . ;+:sf/ ufpFs} lyof] . pgnfO{ klxnf] k6s lhl/ªlhl/ª eof] . jfsjfsL nfUnf h:tf]

eof] . oxfF klg pt}sf b]ptf cfOk'Ug] 8/n] pgsf]

37

d'6' xlNn/Xof] . >LdtLn] t 5fp ePsf a]nf ksfpg dfg]s} lyOgg\, ToxL klg pgn] 8/fO8/fO{ dgfP . t/ k"vf{x?n] a;fn]sf] rng Ps} emDsf]df tf]8\g' sDtf ;fx; rflxGYof] /<

æ5fp g5f]8L pkfo lyPg, b]ptfsf] klg 8/ nflu/xGYof],Æ pgn] eg], æwGg, 5fp gafbf{ klg s]xLePg . clg afgL kb}{ uof] .Æ

kl5 pgn] a'em], 5fp gaf/]/ s]xL x'g] /x]g5 .

kGw| jif{ hltkl5 pgL ufpF kms]{ . ufpF t p:t} lyof] . :jf:gLdflg;x? k|To]s dlxgf …k/ ;y]{Ú. pgsL >LdtL klg ;l/g\ . t/ oxfF ef/tsf] h:tf] ;lhnf] ePg . aflx/}sf] sf]7fdf a:g' k¥of] . ld7f / kf]lifnf lrh afg'{ k¥of] . wd{l;+xn] …o;f] gu/]klg x'G5Ú eGg ;s]gg\ . ef/tdf gaf/]sf] ;'gfpg;s]gg\ .

;g\ @))( df aNn kl/jt{gsf] z'?jft eof] . lhNnfsf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljsf; sfof{noaf6

;/ / d]8dx? cfP . ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] 5fpuf]7 d'St uflj; agfpg] sfo{qmd nfu' ug{ cfPsf

/x]5g\ . ufpFn]nfO{ hDdf kf/] / 5fpk8L af/]df s'/f u/] .

æ5fpk8L /fd|f] ;+:sf/ xf]Og,Æ pgLx?sf] eGg' lyof], ædlxgfjf/L dlxnfsf] z/L/df x'g] k|fs[lts k|lqmof xf],

kfk xf]Og .Æ wd{l;+xnfO{ t of] s'/f w]/} jif{ klxn] yfxf lyof], t/ ;dfhsf] 8/n] af]Ng ;Sb}gy] .

pgL ;]e b lrN8«]gn] yfn]sf] 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofg cGtu{t ufpFdf agfOPsf] lgu/fgL ;d"xdf a;] . of] cleofg ;kmn kfg{ eg]/ lbOg] tflndx? lnP . ToxfF pgn] dlxnfx? s;/L / lsg dlxgfjf/L x'G5g\ eGg] yfxf kfP .

tflnd kl5 3/ k'u]/ pgn] cfkm\gf >LdtL, a'xf/L / gfltgLnfO{ /fv]/ cfkm'n] l;s]sf] s'/f l;sfP . æca

ltdLx?n] 5fp afg'{ kb}{g . cfgf] dhL{ u/] x'G5,Æ wd{l;+xn] eg] . To;kl5 pgL of] cleofgsf] cleGg

lx:;f ag] . ufpFdf 3/ b}nf] cleofg b]lv rf}tf/Ldf lrof ukm;Dd 5fpk8Laf/] 5nkmn x'g yfNof] .

ufpFn]x?nfO{ 5fpk8L olt uDeL/ ljifo xf] eGg] nfUb}gYof] . dlxnfx? ToxL b'vnfO{ efUo ;Dem]/

a;]sf lyP . k'?ifx?nfO{ b'v a]xf]g{ gk/]kl5 of] ;d:of xf] eg]/ a'‰b}gy], eujfg\;Fu hf]8\y] . cr]n s;}n] 5fpk8L xfd|f] ;+:sf/ xf] eg]/ jsfnt u¥of] eg] wd{l;+xn] eGg] u5{g\, ætF a'9f] ls d< 5fpk8L gaf/, of] /fd|f] ;+:sf/ x}g, eg]/ d} lxF8\of 5' .

ltdLx?n] dnfO{ ;Demfpg] a]nf d}n] g} ltdLx?nfO{ ;Demfpg' kg]{ <Æ

cleofgsf qmddf ufpFsf dlxnfx? lbnf]Hofgn] nfu] . wd{l;+x nufot a'h|'ux?n] :yfgLo wfdLnfO{ ;d]t ;DemfO a'emfO u/] . ufpFel/ dlxgf dlxgfdf 3/ b}nf] cleofgdf uP . ufpFn]x? rlncfPsf] l/tLlytL olTts} 5f]8\g sxfF ;Sy] < of] ;d"xn] pN6} ufpFn]x?sf] ufnL vfg'k¥of] . b]ptfnfO{ g} ;ayf]s dfGg] ;dfhnfO{ ;Demfpg sDtf ufx|f] ePg . t/ Ps Ps ub}{ kl/jt{g z'? eof] . Pp6f kl/jf/sf dlxnfx?n] 5fpk8L afg{ 5f]8]kl5 csf]{ kl/jf/df To;sf] k|efj k¥of] . vf;ul/ dlxgfjf/L ePsf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ :s'n k7fpg lgu/fgL ;d"xn] ha/h:tL klg u¥of] . ha ufpFn]nfO{ 5fpk8L af/]/ b]ptf l/;fpg] /x]g5g\ eGg] k¥of], la:tf/} of] ;+:sf/ x6\of] .

wd{l;+xnfO{ clxn] ;lDemFbf ysysL nfU5 /] —

æpa]nf cfkm}Fn] of] lj?4 af]n]sf] eP< ef/taf6 kms]{kl5 >LdtLnfO{ 5fp afg{ glbP]sf] eP<Æ æTo;n] s]xL g s]xL kl/jt{g t uYof]{ xf]nf,Æ pgn]

eg], æoltsf jif{ slt w]/}nfO{ of] k|yfn] lkl8t agfof] . wGg ;]e b lrN8«]gn] of] cleofg NofP5, gq xfd|f] ;'Gb/ ufpFdf klg Pp6f vf]6 /lx/xGYof] ÛÆ

38

efUodfgL k':tfsL d+unfd+unf – 8f]6L

;lrj, lszf]/L ;d"x

dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf cem} klg pgL / pgsf

;fyL dlGb/ hfFb}gg\ . t/ cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff /

;/;kmfO{sf] Vofn /fVg'k5{ eGg] 1fg ufpFdf

w]/}nfO{ e};s]sf] 5 .

39

5fpk8L d'Qm uflj; cleofg cGtu{tsf] lszf]/L ;d"xsL ;lrj d+unf clxn] sIff afx|df k9\b} l5g\ . cfg} pd]/sf c? ;fyL 5fpuf]7df n'Sg' kbf{ cfkm" eg] o;nfO{ x6fpg] sfo{df nfUg kfPsLdf pgnfO{ uj{ 5 .

@))( b]lv nfu' ePsf] 5fpuf]7 d'Qm cleofgaf/]

pgL eGbf klxn] lbbLx? / cfdfn] yfxf kfPsf lyP . To;}sf] kl/0ffd :j?k klxnf] k6s dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf pgL 3/leq n's]/ a:g'k/]sf] lyPg . c?n]

em}F :s'n hfg aGb ug'{k/]sf] lyPg . To;}n] pgL cfkm"nfO{ efUodfgL k':tfsL 5f]/L dflG5g\ . æcfdf g} ;]e b lrN8«]gn] lbPsf] tflnddf hfg' ePsf] lyof],

pxfFn] a'em\g' ePsf] lyof] 5fpk8L afg'{ kb}{g,Æ pgn] elgg\, æTo;}n] dnfO{ ;lhnf] eof] .Æ cfkm" ;fg} x'Fbf cfdf sfsL 5'6\6} k/ a;]/ vfPsf] pgnfO{ ofb 5 . pgLx? 3fFu/ nufpFy] / To;dfly csf]{ k5\of}/Ln] yfDy] . t/ pgLx? a;]sf] 7fpFdf /ut r'lxGYof] .

x'g t lbbLx?n] s'/f u/]sf] pgn] ;'g]sL lyOg\ /

dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf z/L/af6 /ut cfpF5 eGg] yfxf lyof] . Pslbg lbpF;} b]lv pgnfO{ s'6's'6' sDd/ vfof] . cfkm\gf] z/L/leq cgf}7f} s]xL eO/x]sf]

cg'ej eof] . æstf hfpF h:tf] eof], ;fFem kb}{ hfFbf emg\ tgfj eof],Æ pgn] cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;'gfOg\, æd 3/ k5f8L uPF .Æ

pgn] ef]lnkN6} x'g nfu]sf] kl/Iff clg :s'n hfFbf af6f]df kg]{ b]jLsf] dlGb/ ;lDemg\ . dg zfGt ePg . ;fFem;Dd pgnfO{ yfxf eof], …ldG;Ú eP5 . cfdfn] d+unfsf] kL/ kQf nfOg\ . cfdfn] Kof8sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;kmf sk8f tof/ ul/lbOg\ / d+unfnfO{ csf]{ sf]7fdf ;'Tg la:t/f klg lbOg\ . æs]xL x'Gg, ?g' kb}{g, o:t} xf] ;a}nfO{, csf]{ n'uf

nufP/ a;,Æ cfdfsf] ;fGTjgf pgnfO{ nfv eof] . a]n'sL vfgf / tftf] b'w vfP/ pgL ;'ltg\ . ef]lnkN6 :s'n uOg\ . æ:s'ndf kl/Iff x'Gy]g / af6f]df b]jLsf] dlGb/ lyPg eg] d}n] cfkm'nfO{ ePsf] ;'gfpFlbg lyPF xf]nf,Æ pgn] elgg\ . dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf

cem} klg pgL / pgsf ;fyL dlGb/ hfFb}gg\ . t/

40

cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff / ;/;kmfO{sf] Vofn /fVg'k5{ eGg] 1fg ufpFdf w]/}nfO{ e};s]sf] 5 .

dlxgfjf/L x'g yfn]kl5 pgL lszf]/L ;d'xdf cfj4 eOg\ . ;]e b lrN8«]gn] lbg] tflnddf pgL klg ;xefuL eOg\ . :s'nsf] lstfad} klg pgLx?n] dlxgfjf/Laf/] k9]sf lyP, tflnddf To;nfO{ cem ldlxg tl/sfn] l;sfOof] . dlxgfjf/Lsf] kf7 k9fpFbf lzIfs lzlIfsf nfh dfGy], t/ tflnddf dlxgfjf/Lsf] cl3 kl5 x'g] dfgl;s / zfl//Ls ;d:of hfg]kl5 pgnfO{ o;af/] s'g} e|d /x]g . æxfdLn] dlxgfjf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ l;Sof}F,Æ pgL elG5g\ .5fpk8L k|yfn] ubf{ dlxgfjf/L x'g'nfO{ w]/} ;d:ofd'ns agfPsf] /x]5 eGg] pgLx?n] tflndd} yfxf kfP . of] k|yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ufpF7fpFaf6 x6fpg] tl/sf klg 5nkmn u/] .

lszf]/L ;d"x k|To]s dlxgf a}7s a:Yof] . cfkm\gf ;d:ofaf/] 5nkmn uYof]{ . la:tf/} ;d"xn] dfl;s

?kdf k};f hDdf u/]/ cK7]/f]df k/]sfnfO{ ;xof]u xug{ yfNof] . æk};f hDdf ug]{ / 5fpk8L d'Qm ug]{

s'/f st} ldNb}g,Æ d+unfn] :jLsfl/g\, æt/ af]Ng] lxDdt ldNg] /x]5, cfTdljZjf; a9\bf] /x]5 .Æ

ufpFsf c? 3/ d+unfsf] h:tf] pbf/ lyPgg\ . cem} klg 5fp x'Fbf kf]lifnf s'/f gvfg] / :s'n ghfg]

k|j[lQ lyof] . To;nfO{ x6fpg lszf]/L ;d'xn] 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd b]lv ;8s gf6s ;Dd u¥of] . æ5fp afg]{ 3/df uP/ dlxgfjf/L ePsfnfO{ ;DemfpFYof}F,Æ d+unfn] elgg\, æcleefjsnfO{ klg

;Demfpg] / sd;]sd :s'n k7fpg cg'/f]w u¥of}F .Æ

d+unfsf] cg'ejdf ufpFsf w]/} dflg;n] ha 5fp x'Fbf vfg]s'/f b]lv nufpg] s'/f ;Dd afg{ 5f]8] taafl//fVg]nfO{ ;Demfpg klg ;lhnf] eof] . pgsf] ufpF l56} g} 5fpk8L d'Qm eof] . uflj; klg d'Qm

eof] . pgsf] ufpFdf klxn] klg 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df x}g 3/s} 5'6\6} sf]7fdf a:g] rng lyof] . ;aeGbf a9L 8/ wfdLn] s] eGnfg\ eGg] x'GYof] . æt/ wfdL g} lgu/fgL ;d"xdf a;]/ 5fpk8L lj?4sf] cleofgdf ;xefuL ePkl5 5fp x'Fbf pgsf] cl3 hfg 8/fpg]x?nfO{ cfTdan ldNof],Æ d+unfn] ;'gfOg\ .

ha wfdL / cleefjsn] s'/f a'em\g yfN5g\ ta kl/jt{g x'g yfN5 /] . ægofF k':tfnfO{ gofF s'/f yfNg ufx|f] x'Gg . h:tf] xfdLnfO{ t 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df a:g'k5{ eGg] yfx} 5}g,Æ pgL elG5g\ . pgLx?n] s'/} a'em]sf 5}gg\ eg] rfFxL w]/} ufx|f] x'G5 /] . h:tf] pgs} ufpFsf s]xL cleefjsnfO{ ;Demfpg klg ufx|f] ePsf] lyof] . æha c?n] 5fp gafbf{ s]xL gePsf] b]v], la:tf/} pgLx? klg kl/jt{g eP,Æ pgn] elgg\ .

pgsf] :s'ndf clxn] leGg} dlxnf zf}rfno 5 .

kfgLsf] Joj:yf 5 . dlxgfjf/Lsf a]nf :s'n hfFbf ufx|f] ePsf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ cf}ifwL / Kof8sf] Joj:yf

ul/Psf] 5 . of] klg lszf]/L ;d"xs} sfd xf] .

æ;/sf/;Fu ldn]/ ;]e b lrN8«]gn] o:tf] cleofg gNofPsf] eP cfdfn] g} w]/} a'em\g' x'GgYof] . cfdfn] ga'em]sf] eP d klxnf] lbg b]jLdlGb/;+u 8/fPh:t}

c? dfGotf klg 8/s} sf/0f ljZjf; uy]{F,Æ d+unfn] elgg\, æTo;}n] xfdLn] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f yfxf kfPgf}F eg] ;dfwfg / kl/jt{g ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . dlxgfjf/Lsf af/]df yfxf kfPkl5 kl/jt{g x'g ;3fof] . ;]e b lrN8«]gnfO{ d'/L d'/L wGojfb ÛÆ

41

5fpk8L d'Qm ufpFsf] kvf{Okx/L – 8f]6L

wfdL

dlxgfjf/L x'g'nfO{ km"n;Fu ;'Gb/ kf/fn] bfFh]sf]

clxn];Dd ;'lgPsf] lyPg . t/ kxf/Ln]

cs}{ eGg vf]h]sf /x]5g\, ædlxnfsf] kf7]3/df

ePsf l8Dax? gi6 ePkl5 dlxgfjf/L x'G5 .Æ

42

ætkfO{Fsf] ufpF 5fpk8L d'Qm e};Sof] <æ

æk|Zg ;'g]/ 8f]6Lsf oL cwa}F;] d':sfP .

æ5}g,æ pgn] eg] .

ædlxnfx? lsg …5fpÚ x'G5g\ eGg] yfxf xf]nf lg<æ

æ5fp x'g' eg]sf] km"n km"n]sf] /x]5 .æ

dlxgfjf/L x'g'nfO{ km"n;Fu ;'Gb/ kf/fn] bfFh]sf]

clxn];Dd ;'lgPsf] lyPg . t/ kxf/Ln] cs}{ eGg vf]h]sf /x]5g\, ædlxnfsf] kf7]3/df ePsf l8Dax? gi6 ePkl5 dlxgfjf/L x'G5 .Æ

of] s'/f pgn] ;]e b lrN8«]gn] tLg jif{ cl3 lbPsf]

tflnddf yfxf kfPsf lyP.

;]e b lrN8«]gn] 5fpk8L d'St cleofg @))( b]lv

nfu' u/]sf] lyof] . 8f]6Ldf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljsf; sfof{no;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . kx/Lsf] ufpF sfF8fdf08f}df eg] of] sfo{qmdsf] k|efj l9nf] u/L k¥of] .

;g\ @)!@ lt/ pgsf] ufpFdf lgu/fgL ;d"x, lszf]/L ;d"x h:tf 6f]nLx? u7g eP . pgL lgu/fgL

;d"xdf k/] .

ToxL ;fn pgL tflnd lngs} nflu l;nu9L ahf/ uP . wfdLx¿s} nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf] Tof] tflnddf 5fpk8L afg'{ x'Gg eGg] s'/f klxnf] kN6 ;'Gbf pgnfO{ emgSs l/; p7]sf] lyof] .

æoqf] b]ptfn] a;fPsf] rngnfO{ csf{n] cfP/ To;f] eGbf l/; pl7xfN5 lg,Æ pgn] eg], æc? wfdLx? klg l/;fP . tflnddf w]/} 5nkmn ePkl5 aNn

a'lemof], 5fp x'g' eg]sf] km"n km'n]sf] kf] /x]5 .ÆToxL tflnddf pgn] l;s], 5fp x'g' t ;fdfGo

/ k|fs[lts k|lqmof /x]5 . o;nfO{ kfksf] ?kdf ;fdflhs ;+:sf/n] kl/eflift u/]sf] /x]5 . pgnfO{ cem} ofb 5, cfdf 5fp ePsL . Tof] a]nf pgL 3/af6 clNn 6f9f ;fgf] uf]7df al:yg\ . cfdf gePsf] 3/ kx/LnfO{ la/fgf] nfUYof] . æcfdfsf] dfof nfUYof], clg cfdf geP s;n] ksfP/ vfg b]nf eGg] kL/n] pgL 5fp x'Fbf ?Gy]F,Æ ;Dem]/ kx/L xfF;] .

afNosfndf cfdfnfO{ 5fp x'Fbf pgnfO{ v'a l/; p7\Yof] . o'jfj:yfdf eg] 5fp gafg]{ :jf:gLdflg;

b]v]/ l/; p7\Yof], lsgeg] pgL wfdL eO;s]sf lyP .

afO; jif{ hltsf lyP . pgnfO{ vfg]s'/f b]lv jfsjfs x'g ;'? eof] . s]xL kmf]xf]/ lrh b]v]

lhl/ªlhl/ª x'GYof] . cfkm'nfO{ s] ePsf] eGg] pgn] e]p kfPgg\ . 5fp ePsf :jf:gLdflg; k/ b]v] l;sl;s nfluxfNg] . pgL af6f] km]/]/ lxF8\gyfn] .leqb]lv y//{ sfd 5'6\Yof] . ;kgfdf eujfg g}

43

eujfg b]Vg yfn]sf lyP . ha oL nIf0fx? a9\b} uP, pgn] cfkm"df b]ptf r9]sf] yfxf kfP . To;kl5 ufpFel/sf dflg;n] pgnfO{ wfdL dfGg yfn] . sf]xL la/fdL eP, s;}sf ufO{ e}F;L lau|] jf ufpFdf s'g} cfkt cfOnfUof] eg] To;sf] pkrf/ ug]{ lhDdf pg}sf] x'GYof] . …b]ptfn] a;fn]sf] lgodÚ eg]/ …5fpk8LÚnfO{ ;aeGbf s8f lgod nufP/ afg'{k5{ eGg] klg wfdL g} x'g\ . oxL lardf pgL :s'n uP, ef/t uP / cGo slt 7fpF uP . t/ pgsf] ljZjf; kl/jt{g x'g} ;s]sf] lyPg . pgn] l;nu9Lsf] tflnddf efu lnPkl5 eg] crDd} eof] . 3/ kms]{ kl5 >Ldltn] ;f]lwg\, æs] s] eGof x'g txfF<Æ

æ5fp x'Fbf ltdLx?nfO{ s] x'G5 / s] ug'{k5{ eg]/ l;sfP <,Æ pgn] c8\sn]/ ;'gfP, æ5fp ePsf a]nf

dlxnf ;kmf n'uf nufP/ ;kmf 7fpFdf a:g', ;'Tg' k5{, ux|f}F sfdx? ug'{ x'Gg, lbglbg} g'xfpg'k5{, o;f]

gu/] dlxnfnfO{ /f]u nfUg ;S5 /] .Æ

cfkm'n] l;s]sf] s'/f ef]nLkN6} nfu' ug{ ;lsGg eGg] pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . pgsf] cfkm\g} dg t dfg]sf] lyPg /] Û >LdtLn] eg] a'‰emsL x'Fb} elgg\, æltdLn] aNn yfxf kfof}<Æ

la:tf/} pgn] >LdtL / a'xf/LnfO{ ;kmf a:g / n'ufdf ;'Tg eg] . pgLx¿ clxn] To;} u5{g\ . klxn]klxn] h:tf] 5fp ePsf dlxnfnfO{ b]Vg] lalTts} kx/Ldf

b]ptf r9\b}gg\ .

æ;kmf a:g] xf] eg] xfdLnfO{ 5fp ePsf] yfx} x'Gg, ;kmf x'g]nfO{ b]v]/ b]ptf r9\b}gg\,æ pgn] a'emfP .…5fpÚ x'g] lszf]/LnfO{ :s'n k7fpg / ;kmf a:g l;sfpg lgu/fgL ;d'xn] pgsf] ufpFdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . pgL klg To;}df lqmofzLn 5g\ .olt ;a} ubf{ ub}{ klg pgn] ;a} lgod ldRg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ædnfO{ tflnddf l;s]sf s'/f ;a} yfxf 5, t/ pxLn] b]lv a;]sf] rng tf]8LxfNg ;lsGg,æ pgn] eg], æh;/L dlxnfx?n] ;kmf a:g la:tf/} l;ls/x]sf 5g\, To;/L g} ;do;Fu} 5fpk8L klg x/fpg] 5 .Æ

pgsf] dgdf 5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ lnP/ cg]s ;jfn

p7\5g\ . Psflt/ …eujfgn] a;fPsf] rngÚ, csf]{lt/ gofF / ;To nfUg] s'/f Û cfkm}n] l/tL wfGg' kg]{ 5, km]/L ab\lnPsf s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf ug{ klg ;lsGg .

ægofF s'/f l;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ klg ;do nfUbf] /x]5Æ, pgn] eg] .

kx/Ln] clxn] a'em], cfkm"nfO{ b]Vb} l;sl;s nfUg] s'/f t dlxnfsf] cfg} z/L/df x'G5 . pgLx?nfO{ s] laTbf] xf] < cfkm"nfO{ ;fgf] 3fp nfu]sf] cf}Fnf b'Vbf s:tf] x'G5 . pgLx?nfO{ klg Toqf] /ut cfkm\gf] zl//af6 hfFbf slt tgfj x'Fbf] /x]5 . æo;/L slxn} ;f]lrPsf] lyPg, aNn kL8f a'‰g nfluof] . t/ s] ug'{, dlxnfx¿n] cfkm}F rng 5f]8\g} dfGb}gg\, la:tf/} sdL cfpFb} 5,Æ pgn] eg] .

pgsf cg';f/ klxn]klxn] dlxnfx? !% lbg;Dd 5fp uf]7df ;'Tg' kYof]{, 36]/ !) x'Fb} clxn] kfFr

lbgdf em/]sf] 5 .

kx/LnfO{ of] 5fpk8L k|yf lgd'{n g} kfg'{ 5 . ætkfO{F

csf]{ k6s oxfF cfpFbf ;fFRr} kl/jt{g x'g] 5 . xfd|f] ufpF 5fpuf]7d'St x'g] 5, pgn] b[9 lgZrosf ;fy eg] . pgsf] 5]pdf a;]sf Ps o'jf / Ps j[4n] s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfP .

44

x/]s b'3{6gf;Fu hf]l8g] 5fpk8L

/ljgf – c5fdljBfyL{

pgn] 7"nf] ckh; vfg'k¥of] . ;a} pgL;Fu

l/;fP . pgsL cfdfn] elgg\, æxfdL l/;fP t

s] x'Fbf] xf] < b]ptf l/;fP/ jaf{b eof] Ûæ

45

clxn] sIff bzdf k9\g] /ljgf !$ jif{sf] x'Fbf klxnf] k6s 5fp eOg\ . pgn] 5fpsf] af/]df sIffdf lzIfs / :jf:YosdL{x¿af6 :jf:Yo / 5fp;DaGwL w]/} s'/f l;s]sL lyOg\ . ;fy} ;]e b lrN8«]g, o'lg;]km, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljefu cflb ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nox¿af6 tflnd klg lnPsL lyOg\ t/ ;a} yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pgL 5fpuf]7df a:g afWo eOg\ . 5fpsf af/]df w]/} s'/f hfg]/ klg ghfGg]x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ hah{:tL cfgf] s'/f dfGg afWo agfpFbf pgnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] .

5/l5d]sLn] pgnfO{ glhs gcfpm b]jLb]ptf l/;fpF5g\ eg] . b"w, bxL vfg lbPgg\ . cfkm"n] a'em]sf] s'/f 5/l5d]sLnfO{ a'emfpg vf]lhg\, æxfd|f ;/x¿n] eg]sf, oL ;a} s'/fx¿ cGwljZjf; x'g\ c/] .

5fp ePsf] a]nf ;kmf eP/ 3/df a:bf x'G5 eGg'ef5 .ÆpgnfO{ afh]aHo}n] xKsfP, æltdLn] dfq hfg]sL 5f}+ . b]ptf 7"nf] x'G5 ls ltd|f] ;/ < b]ptfn] eg]sf] dfGg] ls ltd|f] ;/n] <Ú

s;}n] s'/f ga'em]kl5 pgL;Fu r'k a:g'sf] ljsNk ePg . pgL clxn] klg Ps jif{ cl3sf] s'/f

;DemlG5g\ ha 5fp ePsf] a]nf :s'n hfg gkfP/ uf]7fnf] hfg' k/]sf] lyof] . t/ afv|fnfO{ klg

g5f]O{ r/fpg'kYof]{ . To;dWo] Pp6f af]sf lyof], h'g rl08sf b]jLnfO{ efsn ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] t emg\ 5'g} x'Gy]g . pgnfO{ nfUof], æ5fp ePsf] a]nf s]6Lx¿

afv|feGbf klg tn x'G5g\ Sof xf] <Æ

t/ pgn] em'lSsP/ efsnsf] afv|f 5f]Og\ . of] s'/f

c¿nfO{ klg yfxf eof] . yfxf kfP klg pgn] 7"nf] s'/f ;f]lrgg\ . clncln ufnL vfOg\, s'/f ;lsof] .

kl5 ToxLrflxF af]sfnfO{ af3n] vfOlbof] . To;kl5 pgn] 7"nf] ckh; vfg'k¥of] . ;a} pgL;Fu l/;fP .

pgsL cfdfn] elgg\, æxfdL l/;fP t s] x'Fbf] xf] < b]ptf l/;fP/ jaf{b eof] Ûæ

To;kl5 pgnfO{ Psbd g/dfOnf] nfUof] . cfg} sf/0fn] af3n] af]sf vfPsf] eGg] cf/f]kn] c;fWo} b'MvL x'Fb} /f]Og\ . To;}n] klg pgnfO{ s]6f x'g dg

nfU5 . s]6f ePsf] eP o:tf] 5fp klg x'g'ky]{g . 5fp gePkl5 h] 5'g klg kfOG5 .

clxn] pgsf] ufpF 5fpk8L uf]7 d'Qm ePsf] 5 .

pgnfO{ sIff kf; x'FbfeGbf ufpF 5fpk8L uf]7 d'Qm x'Fbf w]/} v';L nfUof] .

46

dlxnfn] agfP 5fpk8L d'Qm ufpF

dg;/f – 8f]6L;fdflhs cleoGtf

5fp klg hft cg';f/ s8f / cln pbf/

lsl;dn] afl/G5 . afx'gx?sf] lgod ;a}eGbf

s8f x'GYof] . t/ xfd|f] du/ a:tLdf eg] of]

ufpFe/df ;aeGbf s8f lgod lyof] .

47

Ps;do 8f]6Lsf] b'uf{df08f}Fsf dlxnfx?nfO{ nfUYof], lhGbuL b'v} b'vdf laTg] eof] . t/ xf]Og /x]5 . cfkm}Fn] k|of; u/]kl5 /fd|f lbg klg cfpg] /x]5g\ .cfg} k|of;åf/f :yflkt …5fpk8L d'Qm ufpFÚ af/] ;'gfpg ;a}hgf e]nf eP .

z'? ul/g\ dg;/fn] . æ5fp klg hft cg';f/ s8f

/ cln pbf/ lsl;dn] afl/G5 . afx'gx?sf] lgod ;a}eGbf s8f x'GYof] . t/ xfd|f] du/ a:tLdf eg] of] ufpFe/df ;aeGbf s8f lgod lyof] . afsLF 7fpFdf 5fp ePsf dlxnfnfO{ uf]7df /fVg] rng gePklg xfd|f] ufpFdf 5fp ePkl5 dlxnfx? uf]7 k:y] /

;lsPkl5 dfq} lgl:sGy],Æ pgn] ;'gfOg\ . clg t'?Gt} ylkg\, æclxn] t 5}g .Æ dg;/f cfkm}F g} lgu/fgL ;d"xdf l5g\ . pgn] cfkm\gf] ufpFnfO{

5fpk8L d'Qm u/fpg ufpFn]x?;Fu w]/} nl8g\ . æ;'?df a'9fa'9Ln] t ufpF lauf¥of] eg]/ ufnL u/],Æ dg;/fn] elgg\ .

o:tf] r]tgfsf] nx/ 8f]6Lel/ Ps} ;dodf cfof]

— @))( df ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] 5fpk8L d'Qm sfo{qmd lhNnfe/ nfu' ePkl5] . s]xL

jif{df b'uf{df08f}Fsf ufpFn]n] klg o;df ;dy{g hgfpFb} eg], æxfdL cfkm\gf] 3/sf dlxnf /lszf]/LnfO{ 5fp ePsf a]nf uf]7df geO{ ;'/lIft 3/df /fVg k|lta4 5f}F .Æ

To;kl5 ;g\ @)!# df dg;/fsf] ufpFdf ePsf] 5fpuf]7 elTsof] . æclxn] t xfdL 5fp x'Fbf cfkm\g} cf]R5\ofgdf ;'T5f}F,Æ pgn] nhfpFb} elgg\, æklxn] t

Pp6f x/ dfq} Gofgf] x'GYof] csf]{ lr;f] . sf]N6] km]b}{df lgFb gnfuL /ft hfGYof] .Æ pgsf] 5]pd} a;]sL OZj/Ln] a'emfOlbOg\, æk/fn cf]5\ofP/ ;'Tg] xf] clg htf k/fn x'G5 Tof] x/ Gofgf] x'GYof], csf]{ lr;} .Æ

OZj/Ln] cfkm"sxfF To:tf] 5'6\6} uf]7 gePsf] atfOg\ .\t/ 5fp x'Fbf pgn] klg s8f afg'{kYof]{ . b]ljGb|fn]

ylkg, æx}g t< k/fn cf]5\ofP/ tNnf] sf]7fdf ;'Tg'kg]{ . 5fp ;lsPkl5 k/fn ufOe}F;LnfO{ lbg kfOGgYof] . k/ afl/df nu]/ kf]Ng] xf] .Æ

æl;Gb'/ nufpg, skfn sf]g{ / /fd|f n'uf klg

nufpg gkfOg] lgod lyof],Æ OZj/Ln] ;lDemg\, æ5f]/LdfG5] x'g w]/} ufx|f] x'GYof] lg klxn] t ÛÆ OZj/LnfO{ cr]n cfkm\gf 5f]/Lx? w]/} efUodfgL nfU5

48

/] . pgnfO{ h:t} c? dlxnfx?nfO{ klg nfUbf]/x]5 . æcr]nsf s]6Lx?nfO{ ;'v 5, xfdLn] dfq} a]sf/sf] b'v ef]Uof}F,Æ OZj/Ln] o;f] eGbfxnel/sf dlxnfn] ;xdlt hgfP .

æb'w bxL dxL t k'/} k|ltaGw lyof],Æ b]ljGb|fn] ylkg\ . 5]pdf a;]/ cfdfx?sf s'/f ;'g]sf l6sf / s[i0ffnfO{ oL s'/fx? gf}nf nfU5g\ . Psfb]zsf syf h:t} nfUg] o:tf cg'ej oxfFsf dlxnfx?n] ef]Uy] / To;nfO{ cfkm\gf] efUo 7fGy] . ca Tof] rng km]l/Psf] 5 . æcfkm\g} cfFvfn] o:tf] lbg b]Vg kfOg] /x]5,Æ pgLx? Pscsf{nfO{ elg/x]sf lyP . @)^( df ePsf 5fpuf]7x? eTsfPkl5 7fpF7fpFdf ufpFn]x?n] u/]sf k|lta4tfx? Aofg/ agfP/ 6fF;] . 5fpk8Ld'St uflj; agfpg cfrf/;+lxtf g} nfu' eof] .

æxfdL dlxgfjf/L ePsf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ lgjf{w :s'n hfg] jftfj/0f ldnfpg] 5f}F,Æ ufpFn]x?sf] o:tf]

k|ltj4tfn] ToxfFsf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ kl/jt{g x'g w]/} ;lhnf] eof] . To;cl3 jif{df ^) eGbf a9L

lbg lszf]/Lx? 5fpsf] sf/0fn] :s'n hfb}Fgy] . t/ tflnd lnP;Fu} pgLx?df ;kmf n'uf nufpg] / Kof8 k|of]u ug]{ afgL a:of] . ;a} eGbf 7"nf] s'/f t dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf :s'n hfg kfOg] ePkl5 cfTdljZjf; a9\of] . Tof] s'/f cfkm\gL 5f]/Lx?df OZj/Ln] b]lvg\ .

of] ;a} kl/jt{gsf] h; dlxnfx?n] ;]e b lrN8«]gsf]

tflndnfO{ lbP . tflnddf 5fp lsg x'G5 b]lv s;/L ;kmf a:g] ;Ddsf s'/f yfxf lbOGYof] . tflnd kfP/ cfkm"x?n] hfg]kl5 pgLx?n] 5fpk8L k|yfnfO{ pGd'ng ug]{af/] 5nkmn u/] . lgu/fgL ;d"xdf ePsf @^ hgf dlxnfx?n] cfkm'n] l;s]sf s'/f c?nfO{ l;sfpg yfn] . ha 5fpk8L x6fpg] ljifo ax;df cfof], qmdzM ufpFdf kl/jt{g x'g yfNof] . cfkm\gf ;d:ofx?dfly o;/L ax; ug'{ g} ToxfFsf dlxnfsf] gf}nf] cg'ej lyof] .

dg;/fnfO{ klg ;'?df tflndsf s'/f cfkm\g} Jojxf/df Nofpg 8/ nfu]sf] lyof]] . ufpFel/sf dflg;sf] lj/f]w vk]/} pgn] 5fpk8L d'St cleofgsf] Aofg/ ufpFdf 6fFl;g\ . cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfdsf] /fd|f] glthf lgl:sGg ls eg]/ Psbd} 8/ nflu/x]sf] lyof] .

æe}F;L lau|]nf eGg] 8/ lyof],Æ dg;/fn] elgg\, ælau|]sf] eP d}nfO{ bf]if cfpFYof] . s]xL ePg .Æ

ufpFdf 5fpk8L uf]7 x6\bf, cfkm"n] 5fp ePsf a]nf b'w bxL dxL vfFbf / ?v la?jf 5'Fbf g sf]xL lj/fdL eP, g ufO{j:t' lju|] / g ?vdf kmn kmNg 5f]8] . of] b]v]/ ;'?df t dg;/f cfkm} b+u k/]sL lyOg\ /] . æxfdLn] s:tf] grfFlxbf] s'/fdf ljZjf; u/]sf /x]5f}F,Æ 5]pdf plePsL nIdLn] elgg\, æof] sfo{qmd gcfPsf] eP / tflnd lng gkfPsf] eP xfd|f] h'gL cFWof/f]d} ljTg] /x]5 .Æ

cr]n oxfFsf dlxnfx? 5fp x'g'nfO{ eoª\s/ dfGb}gg\, ;fdfGo ?kdf lnG5g\ . cfkm" 5fp gafg]{s'/fdf uj{ u5{g\ . æcfkm"sxfF 5fp uf]7 5, 5fp afg]{ s8f lgod 5 eGg t ca nfh x'G5,Æ O{Zj/Ln] elgg\ .

æxfdLnfO{ cem} klg 5fp ePsf a]nf b]ptfsf]

dlGb/ k:g rfxLF 8/ nfU5,Ú OZj/Ln] elgg\, …xfd|f gfltgLx?sf] kfnfdf Tof] 8/ klg x6\nf .Æ

b]ptfsf b"t wfdLx? g} 5fpk8Ld'St uflj; agfpg sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePkl5 dlxnfx?nfO{ w]/} /fxt

ldn]sf] lyof] .

:yfgLo ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ wd{l;+xnfO{ ufpFsf dlxnfx?dfly uj{ 5 . æ5fpk8L x6fpg dlxnfx? g} nfu]sf x'g\ . pgLx?n] x6fO5f8] . pgLx?n] u/]

kl5 gx'g] s] /x]5 /<Æ pgn] v'zL x'Fb} s'/f 6'ª\UofP .

8f]6LsL dx]Zj/LnfO{ cfgf gfltgLx¿n] 5fpuf]7sf];f:tL a]xf]g{ gk/f];\ h:tf] nfU5 .

49

Pp6f tflndn] ablnPsf] hLjghd'lg – 8f]6L

;fdflhs cleoGtf

50

hd'gL !$ jif{ d} lax] u/]/ lbkfonsf] ltvf eGg] 7fpFdf cfOk'lug\ . pa]nf 5f]/Lsf] dlxgfjf/L gx'Fb} laxf ul/lbg] rng lyof] .

lax]sf] Psjif{ kl5 cfgf] z/L/af6 lg:s]sf] /utn] pgsf] ;ftf] lnof] . æ5fp kl85,Æ pgnfO{ s;}n] eGof] . 5fp x'g' eg]sf] PSn} uf]7df a:g', s]xL lrh g5'g', wfdLsf] cl3 kb}{ gkg'{ x'GYof] . Tolt pgn] a'em]sL lyOg\ . t/ z/L/af6 /ut lsg cfPsf]

xf]nf < e]p kfOgg\ . d'6' Pstdf;n] xlNn/x]sf] lyof] . o;/L 8/ nflu/x]sf] a]nf a:gnfO{ ;f;'n] uf]7 b]vfOlbOg\ .

s'6's'6' sDd/ b'v]sf] lyof], pgL n';'Ss uf]7 kl;g\ . ufO{j:t'sf] :ofxf/ ug]{ pg} lyOg\, To;}n] uf]a/sf] uGwdf afgL k/]sf] lyof] . t/ rf}aL;} 306f lr;f] e'O{F / uGw vlkg;Sg' x'GYof] . Tof] eGbf klg vlkg;Sg'sf] 8/ lyof] z/L/af6 lg:sLPsf] /ftf] lrhsf] .

æd;Fu b]ptf l/;fP/ o:tf] ePsf] xf] <Æ pgL lk/ dflGyg\ .

Ps;/f] k'/fgf] / kmf]xf]/L sk8f x/df xfn]/ a:g'

kg]{ . a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 p7\bf kmf]xf]/ e};SYof] . z/L/df

To:tf] l3g lnP/ lxF8\bf cfkm}nfO{ l;sl;s x'GYof] . csf{n] Tof] kmf]xf]/ b]Vnfg\ eGg] kL/n] dg vfGYof] . c?sf] ;fd' cfFvf h'wfpg klg ;/d x'g] e}xfNof] .æuf]7df ;'Tbf ufO{j:t'sf] tftf] ux'Ft au]/ cfpFYof] clg To;n] lehfPsf] lr;f]df /ft s6\Yof],Æ pgn] ;lDemOg\, æb]ptf l/;fpg' eGbf h:tf] ePklg uf]7}

l7s nfUYof] .Æ slxn]sfxLF afv|fsf] vf]/d'lgaf6 cfPsf ls/f :ofpF:ofpF hLplt/ plSnGy] . Tolt x'Fbf klg dlxgfjf/Lsf a]nf la:t/fdf ;'Tg] OR5f pgnfO{ ePg . b]ptf l/;fpg] qf; lyof] Û 5fp ePsf a]nf wfdLnfO{ k/k/af6 cfPsf] b]v]

dlxnfx? af6} km]/]/ lxF8\y] . uNtLj; b]lvxfn] eg]

;d'bfonfO{ 5fpuf]7 d'Qm agfpg bQlrQ 8f]6Lsf Ps ;d"x .

51

wfdLx? 7fpFsf] 7fpF sfDg yfNy] . p7Laf;} x'GYof] lg .

bz jif{ cl3 hd'gLsf] eGbf dflyNnf] ufpFdf 5fp x'Fbf :ofpnf dfly ;'t]sf b'O{j6L dlxnfnfO{ ;k{n] 8:of] . Hofg} hfFbf klg uf]7df ;'Tg x'Gg s;}n] eg]g . xfdL uf]7df ;'Tb}gf}F klg s;}n] eg]sf] ;'lgPg . t/ ;ft jif{ cl3 ;]e b lrN8«]g / dlxnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lbPsf] tflnddf efu lnPkl5 hd'gL 5fFufaf6 v;]h:t} eOg\ . ToxfF t 5fp afg{ x'Gg eG5g\ t Û olt ;'Gbf dfq} klg b]ptf l/;fpF5g\ ls eGg] pgnfO{ kL/ lyof] .

æxfdL 5fp x'Fbf sf6]sf] 3fF; j:t'nfO{ v'jfP ltgsf] y'gaf6 /ut cfpF5 eGy],Æ pgn] elgg\, ætflnddf …5fpÚ x'Fbf b'w bxL dxL / kmnkm'n w]/} vfg'k5{, Gofgf] / ;kmf 7fpFdf a:g' k5{ eg]/ l;sfpFbf t dnfO{ kfk nfU5 ls eGg] 8/ lyof] .Æ

;'Gbf klg kfk nfU5 ls eGg] sfd pgn] cfgf] ufpFdf ug'{kg]{ eof] . clNn lqmofzLn ePsL /

ufpFsf] cfdf ;d"xdf klg ePsLn] of] sfo{qmd nfu' ug{ pg}nfO{ lhDdf lbOof] . 5fpk8L d'St ufpF

agfpg nufOPsf] Aofg/ pgn]] 3/ cuf8L 6fFl;g\ . ufpFel/sf dflg;n] s'/f sf6\g yfn], æl/ltlylt ljuf/]/ o;n] ug{ s] vf]h]sL xf] <Æ . ;f;'cfdfn] srsr ul/g\, æo:tf ;+:sf/} efF8\g] s'/f s;n] l;sfof] < t]/f] a'l4n] xfdLnfO{ klg b'v x'g] ef] .Æ

;'?;'?df t ufpFsf dlxnfn] klg s'/f sf6\y] . 5fp x'Fbf ;a}nfO{ c6]/ u/]/} klxnf] k6s 3/df a:bf

hd'gLsf] dgdf ulx/f] tgfj lyof] . æt/ s]xL gx'g] /x]5, ufO{ e}F;Ln] b'w} lbof], 3/sfnfO{ s]xL ePg,Æ hd'gL d';'Ss xfFl;g\, æb]ptL l/;fPg eg]/ d 9'Ss ePF .Æ

pgL / pgsL alxgL 5fp x'Fbf 3/s} sf]7fdf a:g yfn] . s]xL ;do kl5 vl6of / la:t/fdf a:g yfn] .

tflnddf l;sfOPsf] lyof], æ5fp x'Fbf leqL sk8f ;kmf x'g'k5{, Kof8 k|of]u ug'{k5{ .æ Toltv]/ hd'gL crDddf k/]sL lyOg\ . pgL ;w}F Ps;/f] ;f/L, DofS;L of 3fF3/ dfq} nufpFlyg\ . dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf /ut au]/ v'6\6f ;Dd k'UYof], n'uf el/ nfUYof] / ToxLF hDYof] .

clxn] ;lDeFmbf Tof] t gs}{] nfU5 .

tflnd kfPkl5 la:tf/} hd'gLn] dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf ;kmf n'uf, leqL n'uf / Kof8 k|of]u ug{ yflng\ . ufpFsf dlxnfn] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;kmf /fVg k|of; ul//x] . ;kmf a:g yfn]kl5 ;a}} s'/f /fd|f] x'Fb} uof] . wfdLn] 5fp ePsf] kQ} kfpg 5f]8], To;}n] sfDg] s'/f klg ePg .

lbkfon gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !! l:yt pgsf] ufpFdf klg ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] 5fpk8L d'St ufpF sfo{qmd nfu' eof] . hd'gL lgu/fgL ;d"xsf] cWoIf eOg\ . ufpFdf u7g ePsf lszf]/L ;d'x;Fu ldn]/ of] ;d"xn] cfkm"n] tflnddf l;s]sf s'/f c?nfO{ atfpg

yfNof]] . tflnd / 5nkmnaf6 dlxnfx?n] dlxgfjf/Lsf] sf/0f clg o;n] z/L/ / dgdf Nofpg] kl/jt{gsf af/]df a'em] .

5fpk8L x6fpg] cleofgdf hd'gLnfO{ ;fy lbg ufpFn] ;fyL ylkP . lgu/fgL ;d"xn] dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf s'g} uf]7df 5f]/L a'xf/L eP gePsf] cg'udg uYof]{ . To:tf] e]l6P dlxgfjf/L ePsfnfO{ / kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t ;DemfpFYof] .

Toltdfq} x}g, hd'gLsf] ;d"xn] 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd klg u¥of] . 3/3/df uP/ oL ;b:on] 5fpk8Lsf] a]lyltaf/] ;DemfpFy] . klxn]klxn] 5fp gafbf{ ufnL ug]{ hd'gLs} ;f;'cfdfn] klg a'xf/Lx?n] a;fn]sf] rngnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;lsg\ .

of] k|of;sf] glthf lg:sg dlxgf}F / slxn]sfxLF

jiff}{F klg nfUof] . t/ la:tf/} dlxnfx? uf]7af6 3/d} ;g{ yfn] . b'w dxL vfg yfn] . æxfd|f] j8f 5fpk8L

d'St j8f e};s]sf] klg w]/} eof], clxn] sf]xL 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df a:b}g,æ hd'gLn] uj{sf ;fy ;'gfOg\,

ædlxgfjf/L eg]sf] kfk xf]Og /x]5 lg t Ûæ

52

5fpuf]7 5f]8]sf] …efUodfgL… k':tf

efjgf, /ldtf / ;+lutf – afh'/flszf]/L ;d"x

53

afh'/fdf b; sIffdf k9\g] efjgfsf] 3/df klxn] 5fpuf]7 lyof] . 5fp x'Fbf cfdf uf]7df a:g'x'GYof] . cfdfsf] bogLo cj:yf b]v]/ dfof nfu] klg pgL ;xL s'/f a'em\g / a'emfpg ;s]sL lyOgg\ . pgL ljBfnodf u7g ePsf] lszf]/L ;~hfnsf] ;lrj eOg\ . pgn] ToxfF cfkm" h:t} ;d:of ef]u]sf ;fyLx?sf s'/f ;'Gg kfOg\ . afnaflnsf sfof{non] lbPsf] k|lzIf0f lnOg\ . To;sf] kl/0ffd s] eof] t < pgL elG5g\, Æ5fpuf]7 pbf¥ofsf] 8]9 jif{ eof] .Æ

efjgf cfkm"nfO{ tLg s'/fn] efUodfgL 7flG5g\ . lsgeg] pgL 5f]/LdfG5] eP/ klg :s'n hfg kfOg\ . 5fp x'Fbf slxNo} uf]7df uP/ a:g' k/]g . /, csf{] s'/f !& jif{ x'Fbf;Dd pgsf] lax] ul/lbg] s'/f s;}n] u/]sf] 5}g, ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

pg}sL ;fyL ;+uLtf gf} sIffdf k9\l5g\ . pgL

dlxgfjf/L ;'? ePsf] rf/ dlxgf;Dd 5fpuf]7dfal;g\ . 5fpuf]7df PSn} eg] slxNo} ;'ltgg\ . ;w}+

cfdfn] ;fy lbg'x'GYof] . To;/L uf]7df a:bf dgdf s:tf s'/f v]Ny] t < pgL elG5g\, Ælgb|f

nfUb}gYof] . ;k{sf] 8/, /S;L vfPsf dfG5]sf] 8/ nfUYof] . lrGt} lrGtf nfUYof] lg /ft}e/ .Æ

;+uLtf lszf]/L ;d"xsL ;b:o eOg\ . z'qmaf/ x'g] a}7sn] pgLx?df cfTdljZjf; a9fof] . dlxnf

sfof{no / ;]e b lrN8«]gaf6 pgLx?n] 5fpaf/]sf vf; s'/f a'em\g kfP . :s'nsf lstfadf klg o:tf] s'/f x'g t x'GYof] t/ g /fd|/L k9fO x'GYof], g cfkm} k9]/ a'lemGYof] . o:tf ljifodf k|Zg ;f]Wg klg

8/ nfUYof] . o:tf ljifodf k|Zg ;f]w] …lau|]sL s]6LÚ eGnfg\ eGg] 8/ .

t/, cfh ;+uLtf cfkm\gf] 3/ / ufpFdf w]/} kl/jt{g b]lV5g\ . 5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{ eg] cem} Jojxf/ x'g ;do nfUg] pgsf] cg'ej 5 . 5f]/fsf] cfzfdf w]/} 5f]/L hGdfpg] k|rng klxn]eGbf sd eP klg ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 5f]/f geP >Ldfg\n] csL{ lax] ug{] tyf d]nfkftsf x'g] e]nfdf ;fg}df kf]On hfg] rng klg k"/} /f]lsg ;s]sf] 5}g .

t/ 5fpuf]7sf] xsdf h] hlt kl/jt{g olt ;lhn} / rfF8} cfpg ;Sof] o;df pgL v';L 5g\ .

csL{ lszf]/L /ldtf jif{ eOg\ . pgsL cfdfn] k9\g'ePsf] 5}g . t/ /ldtf eg] P;Pn;Lsf] tof/Ldf l5g\ . pgnfO{ cfgf] hLjg @)&) ;fnb]lv ablnP h:tf] nfU5, ha pgn] k9\g] :s'ndf dflyaf6 dfG5] cfpg'eof] . dfly eg]sf] ;b/d'sfdlt/af6 ;/ d]8d cfpg'eof] . pxfFx?n] ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ hDdf u/]/ k|jrg lbg'eof] . :s'ndf ;/ld; tyf ;fyLx?n] k9\g k9fpg nfh dfGg] :jf:Yo ljifoaf/] pxfFx?n] k|:6 af]n]sf] b]v]/ /ldtfnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf /h:jnfaf/]sf e|d x6\b} uP .

pgsf] :s'ndf lszf]/L ;d"x u7g eof] . To;df

;'?df !* hgf lszf]/L cfa4 eP . pgL klg To;sf] ;b:o eOg\ . pgL ;b:o dfq eOgg\, 5fpuf]7 eTsfpg] cleofgdf j8fel/ ;Fu} lxFl8g\ .

slt hgfn] eTsfpg glbPsf] tyf cfkm"x?n] /fd|/L

s'/f a'emfpg g;s]sf] ;Demgf tfh} 5 pgdf .

clxn] pgsf] 3/df eg] kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . klxn] t 5fp x'Fbf b"w vfg lbOFb}gYof], pgL cfhef]ln eg] vflG5g\ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qn] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] t/ ufpFn]x? g} r]tgzLn / kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxs ag]sf] 7flG5g\ pgL .

oL lszf]/Lx?sf] uflj; xfn;fn} 5fpuf]7 d'Qm eof] . pgLx? To;n] c;fWo} k|km'Nn 5g\ / cfkm\gf] ufpFsf] 7"nf] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g ;a}nfO{ b]vfOlbg cg'/f]w klg ub{5g\ . efjgf, ;+uLtf / /ldtf h:t}} …efUodfgL k':tfÚ ca lhNnfsf ;a} uflj;df x'g] u/L afh'/fdf kfFr jif{] /0fgLlts of]hgf klg alg;s]sf] 5 .

54

r]tgfn] abn]sf]] ufpF lszf]/L ;d"x – 8f]6L

ufpFdf cleofgsf kIf / ljkIfdf s'/f rNg yfNof] .

lgu/fgL ;d"xdf ePsf dlxnfx?n] …afg{ x'GgÚ eGy],

c?n] …b]ptf nfU5 sxfF gafg'{Ú eGy] . ax; rls{Fb}

hfFbf 7"n} jfbljjfb kYof]{ .

55

lbkfon Po/kf]6{af6 @) ldg]6sf] k}bn b'/L lxF8]kl5 Pp6f ;fgf] a:tL k'luG5, h'g 5fpk8L d'Qm e};s]sf]5 . t/ of] d'lQm kfpgsf nflu ug'{k/]sf] k|oTgn] oxfFsf lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ cem} klg b'V5 . oxL syf ;'gfpg lszf]/L ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿ e]nf ePsf 5g\ . ;d"xsf lgd{nf, dfof, b'uf{ / tf/f sf] pd]/ !* b]lv @) jif{leq 5 . oL ;a}n] klxnf]k6s dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf uf]7df ;'Tg'k/]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf 5'6\6} 5fpuf]7 geP/ ufO{j:t's} uf]7df u'hf/f rnfpg'kYof]{ . @)!# b]lv

pgLx?sf] ufpF 5fpk8L d'St eof] . To;kl5 eg] pgLx?n] 5fp afg'{kb}{g . o:tf] lg0f{on] pgLx?sf] v'zL aofg ul/;fWo 5}g .

æuf]7d} ;'TYof}F, aflx/ cfpg klg nfh / 8/ x'GYof],Æ tf/fn] elgg\ . cfgf] 5]pdf a;]sL alxgLnfO{ b]vfpFb} ylkg\, æo;nfO{ t cfgGb} eof], uf]7df a:g' k/]g . p;sf] ldG; ePsf] gf}–b; dlxgf eof], clg 5fpk8L x6]sf] rfxLF b'O{ jif{ .Æ To;cl3 t pgLx?n] s8f lgod dfGg'kg]{ /x]5 . æwfdLnfO{ b]Vof] ls k/}af6 efUYof}F, cfFugsf] l8nd'lg a;]/ vfgf vfGYof}F, j:t' / dfG5]nfO{ 5'GgYof}F,Æ lgd{nfn] elgg\, æ:s'n hfg] s'/} x'GgYof] . cfdfs} kfnf h:tf] lyof] rng ÛÆ

o:t} sl7g kl/l:yltdf @))( b]lv dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfnosf] ;xof]udf ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] 5fpuf]7 d'Qm sfo{qmd nfu' eof] . sfo{qmd ug{ / tflnd lng yfn]kl5 ufpFsf dlxnf /

lszf]/Lx?n] 5fpaf/] a'em] / …5fpk8L d'St ufpFÚ

cleofg ;'? eof] . To;kl5 ufpFdf cleofgsf kIf / ljkIfdf s'/f rNg yfNof] . lgu/fgL ;d"xdf ePsf

dlxnfx?n] …afg{ x'GgÚ eGy], c?n] …b]ptf nfU5 sxfF gafg'{Ú eGy] . ax; rls{Fb} hfFbf 7"n} jfbljjfb

kYof]{ . tflnd lnPkl5 lgu/fgL ;d'xsf k'?ifx?n] s'/f a'e]m/ c?nfO{ ;Demfpg yfn] klg dlxnfx?nfO{

g} a'emfpg eg] ufx|f] eof] .

æcfkm\gf cfdf / xh'/cfdfx?nfO{ xfdLn] klg ;Demfpg vf]HYof}F,Æ lgd{nfn] elgg\, æjxfFx?nfO{ kmsfpg ;fx|} cK7]/f] .Æ kfk nfu] klg hf] 5fp x'G5

p;}nfO{ nfU5 eGg] kL/ x'GYof] dlxnfnfO{ . jiff}{;Dd kfks} ?kdf lnPsf] s'/f Ps}rf]6L kl/jt{g ug{ ufx|f]

56

t x'g] g} eof] . k'vf{ / wfdLemfFqmLn] a'emfOlbPsf] b]ptfsf] efiff w]/} 8/nfUbf] lyof] . pgLx?sf cfdf b]ptfnfO{ lr9\ofpg eGbf gs{h:tf] lhGbuL ef]Ug tof/ lyP .

t/ cleofgstf{n] kfOnf kl5 ;f/]gg\ . slxn] gf6s, slxn] 3/b}nf] ub}{ lgu/fgL ;d"x / lszf]/L ;d'xn] 5fpk8L k|yf lj?4 hgr]tgf km}nfpg] sfd u/] . ;d"xdf sfd u/]kl5 /fd|} x'Fbf] /x]5 . hf] hf] cleofgdf ;lqmo lyP, pgLx? 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df ;'Tg dfg]gg\ . pgLx?nfO{ s]xL gePkl5 c? ;b:ox? klg uf]7df uPgg\ .

ælszf]/L ;d"xsf lbbLx? ha/h:tL uf]7 hfg 5f]8]], clg lgu/fgL ;d"xsf dlxnfx? klg Psh'6 eP,Æ tf/fn] elgg\, æaNnaNn 5fpk8L x6]/ xfdLnfO{ ;'lj:tf eof] .Æ pgLx?sf] lstfadf klg dlxgfjf/Laf/] kf7 x'GYof] t/ Tof] s'/f pgLx?n] a'em\b} a'em\b}gy] /] . 5fpaf/] tflnd lnPkl5 eg] lstfasf s'/f klg a'em] . æha zfl/l/s ljsf;sf s'/f cfpFy], ;/x?n] kf7 g} km8\sfpFy],Æ lgd{nfn] elgg\ . æof] ltdLx? cfkm} k9 eGy],Æ dfofn] ;xL yflkg\, æga'emLsg n'sL n'sL k9\g] dfq x'GYof] ÛÆ

oL lszf]/Lx?nfO{ cfkm" klxnf] kN6 5fp ePsf],

uf]7df ;'t]sf], klxnf] kN6 5fp gaf/]sf] / klxnf] kN6 5fp ePklg :s'n uPsf] ofb 5 . æ5f]/f eof] ls 5f]/L <Æ klxnf] k6s 5fp ePkl5 :s'n hfFbf

;fyLx?n] tf/fnfO{ lh:sfP5g\ . æltdLnfO{ klg t x'GYof] lg,Æ ;fyLnfO{ o:tf] eg]/ pgn] yfDg'

k/]sf] lyof] . pgn] h:tf] k|Zg ;a}h;f]n] ef]Ug'k5{ /] . s]6Lx?n] eGbf t s]xL x'Gg, s]6fx?n] k/k/af6 lh:SofP eg] cfFv} gx]g'{ h:tf] nfh nfU5 /] .

5fpaf/] tflnd lnPkl5 eg] o:tf k|Zg ;fdgf ug{

klg pgLx?nfO{ ufx|f] x'Gg .

Tfflnd;Fu} pgLx?n] Kof8 k|of]u ug{ l;s] . lbglbg} g'xfpg clg ;kmf n'uf nufpg yfn]kl5 :s'n hfg ufx|f] ePg . t/ :s'n hfFbf ;'?;'?df pgLx?nfO{

zf:qL ;/sf] 8/ nfUof] /] .æzf:qL ;/ sfD5g\ sL eGg] lrGtf nflu/xGYof],Æ lgd{nfn] elgg\ .

æ;/ wfdL klg x'g\ ÛÆ dfofn] a'emfOg\ .

t/ clxn] ;/;Fusf] Tof] 8/ / kL/ xl6;Sof] . pgLx? hxfF klg lgw{Ss hfG5g\ . rf}w jlif{of

aflnsfn] 5fpk8L;Fu n8\g u/]sf] ;ª\3if{ ;'gfpFl5g\ . c7f/ jlif{of lszf]/Lx? 5fp x'Fbf uf]7df

;'Tb}gf}F / :s'n hfG5f}F eGg kfpFbf pHofnf] cg'xf/ nufpF5g\ . oL lszf]/Lx?sf cfdfx?sf] lhGbuLdf 5fp x'g' …kfkÚ lyof] . t/ pgLx?sf] hLjgdf 5fp x'g' k|fs[lts k|lqmof xf] . of] ;fdfGo e};s]sf] 5 / t pgLx?n] 5fpsf af/]df cfFugdf a;]/ s'/f ug{

;S5g\ .

57

sl7g 5 5fpk8L d'Qm ;dfhsf] l;h{gf

b|f}klt – 8f]6L5fpk8L lgjf/0f kl/of]hgfsL :yfgLo k|ltlglw

e]nf ;lsP/ kms{Fbf honIdLn] elgg\, æo;/L

jfbljjfb rNg yfn]kl5 dflg;x?n] a'em\g klg

yfN5g\, oxL g} kl/jt{g x'Fb}5 eGg] ;+s]t klg

xf] .Æ

58

5fpk8L lgjf/0f kl/of]hgfsf] nflu sfF8fdf08f} uflj;sL :yfgLo k|ltlglw lyOg\ b|f}klt . pgsf] dfOtL 3/ c5fd xf] . ToxfF klg 5fp x'Fbf 5'6\6} uf]7df ;'Tg' kYof]{ . ufpFel/ 5fp ePsf s]6Lx?sf nflu Pp6} 5fpuf]7 lyof] . 5fp x'Fbf ;kmf sk8f nufpg] rng lyPg, g t pgLx?n] Kof8 k|of]u ug{ hfg]sf lyP . Ps csf{sf] z/L/sf] uGw clg uf]7sf] lr;f]n] la/fdL g} ky]{ . t/ Tof] pgLx?sf nflu ;+:sf/ lyof] . æPs csf{ 6fFl;P/ ;'TYof}F, 5fpuf]7 Psbd ;fFu'/f] x'GYof] . Ps ufpFdf rf/ kfFr hgf t ;w}F ;Fu} 5fp x'GYof}F,Æ b|f}kltn] ;DemLOg\ .

pgL lax] u/]/ sfF8fdf08f} cfOg\ . 5fpk8L t oxfF klg lyof] .

lax] u/]sf] s]xL jif{kl5 pgn] dlxnf ljsf;

sfof{non] nfu' u/]sf] 5fpk8L lgjf/0f kl/of]hgfsf nflu sfd ug{ ;'? ul/g\ . pgnfO{ :yfgLo k|ltlglw

lgo'St ul/of] / pgn] tflnddf 5fpk8Laf/] ;xL 1fg kfOg\ .

æd}n] otf sfd ug{ yfn]kl5 5fpuf]7df hfg 5f]8LlbPF, l;nu9Ldf t cfkm} ksfP/ klg vfG5',Æ pgn] elgg\, ærf/ jif{ klxn] 5fpuf]7df a:y]F eg]/ ;f]Rbf klg crDd nfU5, s;/L ;xGy]F xf]nf h:tf]

x'G5 .Æ

pgsf] j8f dfq} 5fpk8L d'St e};s]sf] 5 . uflj;df eg] sfo{qmd nfu' t 5 t/ ufpFn]x? ljeflht 5g\ . æxfd|f] / csf]{ Pp6f j8f dfq}

5fpk8L d'St ePsf 5f}F, c? j8fsf sf]xL jfl;Gbfn] dfG5g\ eg] s;}n] dfGb}gg\,Æ pgn] elgg\ .

pgsf] uflj;df klg lgu/fgL ;d"x / lszf]/L ;d"x lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;a} eGbf ufx|f] oxfFsf wfdLnfO{ ;Demfpg x'g] /x]5 . s]xL ;do cl3 pgnfO{ Pp6f va/ cfof] — Pp6f ufpFdf 5fpk8L lj?4 3/ b}nf] cleofgdf uPsf lszf]/Lx?nfO{ wfdLn] nv]6]5g\ . o:tf va/n] eg] pgL lbSs x'lG5g\ .

lgu/fgL ;d"x / lszf]/L ;d'"nfO{ e]nf x'g va/ u/]/ pgL d+;L/ !! ut] sfF8fdf08f}sf] uflj; ejg k'lug\ . lgu/fgL ;d'xsf dlxnf k'?if e]nf ePsf /x]5g\ . ToxfF kx/L gfd ePsf wfdL klg cfPsf lyP . pgn] eg], æxfdLnfO{ eg]/ kf] 3/ b}nf]df hfg'kYof]{ . ;fgf;fgf s]6Lx?nfO{ 5fplj?4 af]n]sf] b]v]kl5 s'/f ga'em\g]n] lk6\g a]/ nufpFb}gg\ . xfdLn] eP ;DemfpFYof}F . cab]lv ;a} ldn]/ dfq} sfo{qmd rnfpg'k5{ .Æ

Tof] e]nfdf b|f}kltsf ufpFsf dlxnf k'?ifx?n] of] cleofgsf af/] w]/} nfdf] 5nkmn u/] . jfbljjfb klg rNof] . e]nf ;lsP/ kms{Fbf honIdLn] elgg\, æo;/L jfbljjfb rNg yfn]kl5 dflg;x?n] a'em\g klg yfN5g\, oxL g} kl/jt{g x'Fb}5 eGg] ;+s]t klg xf] .Æ

pgsf cg';f/ 5fpk8L oxfFsf] hglhjgsf] lx:;f lyof] . dflg;x? b]ptfsf] 8/ / k/Dk/f yfDg] gfpFdf h:tf] ;'s} si6 klg ;xg tof/ lyP . t/ hghLjgsf ;+:sf/ t ;do;Fu} dflg;sf] ;'ljwf x]/L abln/xg] s'/f x'g\ . 8f]6Lsf s]xL uflj; 3'd]kl5 oxfFsf dflg;x?n] 5fpk8LnfO{ ;+:sf/ geO{ s'l/lt dfGg yfn]sf 5g\ . kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmof t w]/} nfdf] x'G5 . pgLx? ToxL kl/jt{gsf] ofqfdf 5g\ .

wfdL kx/L lr/fnn] eg] h:t} s]xL jif{d}] 5fpk8L ;a}

ufpF / 6f]naf6 x6\g] 5 .

5fpuf]7df a:g 5f]8]/ k||;Gg d'b||fdf lszf]/Lx¿ .

59

nugn] ;Dej agfof] 5fpk8L d'Qm ;dfh

honIdL – 8f]6L;]e b lrN8«]g kmf]sn k;{g

æb'O{jif{ cl3 xf], Ps;/f] kmf]xf]/L n'uf nufPsf

s]6Lx? dnfO{ b]v]/ efu],Æ honIdLn] ;lDemOg\,

æd pg}sf nflu t uPsL lyPF .Æ

60

æb'O{jif{ cl3 xf], Ps;/f] kmf]xf]/L n'uf nufPsf s]6Lx? dnfO{ b]v]/ efu],Æ honIdLn] ;lDemOg\, æd pg}sf nflu t uPsL lyPF .Æ

;]e b lrN8«]gsf] kmf]sn k;{g eP/ dlxnf ljsf; sfof{noaf6 8f]6Lsf] ljs6 ufpF aun]s k'Ubf honIdL rlst k/]sL lyOg\ . æh;nfO{ ;DemfO a'emfO{ ug{ cfPsf] xf] pgLx? g} efu]kl5 s] ug'{ / <Æ pgn] elgg\, æpN6} pgLx?sf] dfof nfu]/ cfof] .Æ Tof] lbg pgL aNn aNn cfkm\gf] sfd ;s]/ cfOg\ . To;kl5 slxn] lszf]/L ;d'x / ;+hfnsf] a}7ssf nflu t slxn] tflndsf nflu pgL Tof] ufpF uO/xg'k¥of] .

s]xL ;do cl3 pgL km]/L p;}ul/ rlst kl/g\ .lsgeg] Tof] ufpFsf s]6Lx? t lrl6Ss k/]/ a}7sdf cfPsf 5g\ . a}7sdf cfpFbf dfq} x}g pgLx? cl3 kl5 klg o:t} ;kmf a:5g\ /] .

ækl/jt{g x'g yfn]kl5 t ;do nfUbf] /x]g5,Æ

honIdLn] elgg\ .

ha ufFpsf 5f]/Lx?sf] cg'xf/ pHoflnG5, ta g ufpFsf] cg'xf/ klg km]l/G5 .

ælszf]/Lx?nfO{ 5fpuf]7d} e]6\g hfg'kYof]{,Æ pgn] ;DemLOg\, ÆpgLx? nfhn] cfFvf p7fP/ klg x]g{ ;Sb}gy] .Æ

l;+u} ufpF kmf]xf]/ x'GYof], 5fpuf]7sf] s] s'/f ug'{ / <t/, ca t aun]s 5fpk8L d'Qm e};s]sf] 5 . 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgsf] k|efjsf sf/0f ToxfFsf

lszf]/Lx? ;kmf a:g yfn] . of] em6\6 ;'Gbf ;fdfGo nfu] klg o;n] ufpFsf] :jf:Yol:yltd} ulx/f] kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 .

honIdL o:tf w]/} ufpF uOg\ . lszf]/L ;d'x / lgu/fgL ;d'x;Fu sfd ul/g\. b'uf{df08f}sf] du/ a:tL b]v]/ klg pgnfO{ To:t} b'v nfu]sf] lyof] . ufpFel/sf dlxnf 5fp x'Fbf a:g] 5fp uf]7 lj/St nfUbf] lyof] .

…pgLx?sf b'v slxn] ;lsPnfg\ <Ú o:tf] ;f]Rb} pgL 3/ kmls{lGyg\ .

km]/L csf]{ k6s csf]{ ufpF hfg' kYof]{ . 5fpsf] s'/f ug}{ x'GgYof], wfdL / :yfgLox? aDsLxfNy] . ljjfb ;'Nemfpg klg pgLx?nfO{ xDd] kYof]{ . b]ptf nfU5 ls eg]/ 8/fPsf :jf:gLdflg;x?sf cfFvf b]v]/ Psbd dfof nfu]/ cfpFYof] .

To:tf] lyof] ufpFufpFsf] xfnt . t/ af/Daf/ cGt/

lqmof kl5 :yfgLox?n] la:tf/} a'em\g yfn] . st} dlxnf cl3 ;/], st} k'?if, / st} lszf]/Lx? .

lognfO{ g} 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofgsf] g]t[Tj ;'Dk]/ honIdL lhNnf kmls{lGyg\ .

5fpk8L lgjf/0f cfof]hgf nfu' ePsf] # jif{ kl5 dfq} pgL dlxnf ljsf; sfof{nodf cfPsL lyOg\ .

pgn] oL b'O{jif{df 5fpk8L lgjf/0fsf nflu ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?;Fu ldn]/ sfd ul/g\ . klxn] t dlxnfx?nfO{ ;kmf a:g l;sfpg' clg lszf]/Lx?nfO{ lgoldt :s'n hfg ;Ifd agfpg' cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo lyof] . o;nfO{ ;s];Dd ;kmn agfpg' pgsf] sfd .

@)!# b]lv 5fpk8L d'Qm cleofg tLj| eof] . ToxL a]nf b]lv 6f]n, j8f / ufpF x'Fb} uflj;x? 5fpk8L d'Qm x'Fb} uP . clxn] 8f]6Lsf @@ uflj; 5fp d'St e};s]sf 5g\ . lbkfon gu/kflnsfsf] Pp6f 6f]n / sfF8fdf08f} uflj;sf b'O{ j8fdf klg 5fpk8L k|yf x6]sf] 5 .

5fpk8L d'Qm ePsf 7fpFdf of] cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox? nueu k'/f ePsf 5g\ . dlxgfjf/L ePsf dlxnfx? uf]7df geO{ cfkm\g} 3/df a:g yfn] . lszf]/Lx? 5fp ePklg :s'n hfg yfn] . æ;a} eGbf 7"nf] s'/f t wfdLx?n] dlxgfjf/L ePsf dlxnfnfO{ uf]7af6 cfkm\g} 3/df ;g{ cg'dlt lbP,Æ honIdLn] elgg\, æb'uf{df08f}F / ltvf h:tf 7fpFx?df wfdLx? klg lqmofzLn eP/ ;lhnf] eof] .Æ

;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;xof]udf dlxnf ljsf; ljefun]

nfu' u/]sf] 5fpk8L lgjf/0f cleofg kl5 lhNnfdf cGo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;d]t o:t} cfof]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . honIdLsf cg';f/ lhNnfsf

/fhgLlts bn / ;fdflhs ;+:yfn] 5fpk8LnfO{ uDeL/ ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf ?kdf lng yfn]sf

5g\ . cGo ;+:yfn] klg o:tf kl/of]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ lbP 5fpk8L lgjf/0fdf 7"nf] of]ubfg k'Ug] pgsf]

cfzf 5 .

;jf]{Rr cbfntn] g} 5fpk8LnfO{ ;fdflhs s'/Lltsf] ?kdf JofVof ul/;s]sf] 5 . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] sfof{non] klg 5fpk8LnfO{ lhNnfsf] k|d'v ;fdflhs ;d:of dflg;s]sf] 5 . æoL ;a}

5fpk8L lgjf/0fsf nflu pknlAw x'g\, xfd|f] sfo{qmdsf] b]g g} dfGg'k5{,Æ honIdLn] elgg\ .

62