5a-Theory of Formalism

7/25/2019 5a-Theory of Formalism

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Theory of FormalisGroup 3 5ChE-A:

Eugenio, Francis Darwin

Labutong, Fidel

Landicho, eichell

!atias, arlo Louise

!agalong, !arinella ris

!endo"a, #ennica

!icaller, $an enneth

!iranda, enneth

%angilinan, #erina #o&


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De'nition $t is a theor& in ethics that states that (ora

should be based o) o* logic and reason

A particular act is wrong or right in itsel*,notwithstanding the situation +no contet onsituation

$n si(pler words, .i* so(ething is wrong, it absolutel& wrong all the ti(e/

An absolutist s&ste(


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0cienti'c For(alis( and $$n1uence on Ethical For(al

$n Ancient Gree2 (etaph&sics, *or(alis( +e(phasi"in

.*or(al/ is the iew that ob4ects should be treated wiee(plar& attention to its *or( rather than its (atter content

6otable proponents include %lato +c 738--379 C anAristotle +3;7--3


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Ethical *or(alis( *ocuses on one=s dut& bewritten laws +intrinsic

Classi'ed as a Deontological >heor& +*ro(?@B, deon, obligation, dut&.

as roots in the wor2s o* Ger(an philosop$((anuel ant +


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$((anuel ant +9


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$((anuel ant +9here*ore, scienti'c 2nowledge, (oralit&, abelie* are (utuall& consistent and secure because the& allsa(e *oundation o* hu(an autono(&

.hat can we 2now/

ur 2nowledge is constrained to (athe(atics and the scnatural, e(pirical world $t is i(possible, ant argues2nowledge to the supersensible real( o* speculatie (etareason that 2nowledge has these constraints is that the (

actie role in constituting the *eatures o* eperience and(ind=s access onl& to the e(pirical real( o* space and ti(e


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CritiMue o* %ure Ieason +99;9

%riori 2nowledge based *ro( reason

%osteriori 2nowledge- based *ro( eperience

Fro( rationalis(, he draws the idea that pure

capable o* signi'cant 2nowledge but re4ects the pure reason can tell us an&thing about the(seles

Fro( e(piricis(, he draws the idea that 2no

essentiall& 2nowledge *ro( eperience but re4ect


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a0ensation

) 0pace eternal intuition

) >i(e internal intuition

b #udge(ent

-)pposed to s&nthetic 4udge(ent and anal&tical 4udge(e

-) 0&nthetic a priori 4udg(ents, which are s&nthetic becontent o* the( is supplied b& a s&nthesis o* the *acts o* eand a priori, because the *or( o* uniersalit& and ni(posed on the( b& the understanding independentl& o* e



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c Ieasoning

- three distinct operations, na(el&, categorical, h&pand dis4unctie reasoning

- three ideas, the idea o* the soul as thin2ing+ps&chological idea, the idea o* (atter as the topheno(ena +cos(ological idea, and the idea o* Gsupre(e condition o* all realit& +theological idea


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CritiMue o* %ractical Ieason +

ingdo( o* Ends ideal societ& wherein peat once both the authors and the sub4ects o*the& obe&

!oralit& is based in the concept o* *ree

autono(&

ne does not si(pl& act but is able to re1decide whether to act in a gien wa&


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CritiMue o* the Facult& o*#udge(ent +9O8

a CritiMue o* Aesthetic #udge(ent

-) #udg(ents o* taste

-) base on indiiduals sub4ectie *eelings

-) are uniersal because the& are disinterested

-) Aesthetic pleasure co(es *ro( the *ree pla& betwi(agination and understanding when perceiing a

b CritiMue o* >eleological #udge(ent

-) so(ething has an end or purpose

-) can onl& be understood *ro( the point o* iew o* it


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For( and ContentFor(alis( is the iew that theoretical in*oabout an ob4ect, or practical guidance aboutreat it, is to be deried *ro( attention to rather than its (atter or content

For( these are the laws and the attitude and o* the agent

Content includes what is done and its cons


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For( and ContentFor(alis( is ethical uniersalis( (alaws that are absolute >here*ore, the o* an& speci'c (oral action has no (e

Ea(ples:Abortion !urder

Cheating 0tealing


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Co(ponents o* For(a

Categorical $(peratie &pothetical $(peratie

%er*ect Dut&

$(per*ect Dut&


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$!%EIA>$PE0


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$(peraties

co((ands certain courses o* ac


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>wo >&pes o* Duties

Categorical $(peratie Conditional or &pothetical

$(peratie


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Categorical $(perati

a (oral law that is unconditionaabsolute *or all agents

the alidit& or clai( o* which donot depend on an& ulterior (otiend


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An act is morally right if and onlywe can will it to become a universlaw of conduct.

- illia(


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EQA!%LECategorical:.>hou shalt not stea

Hypothetical:.Do not steal i* &ou

to go to heaen/


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Nniersal Acceptabilit

states that .as rational, (oral bindiiduals are bound b& logic andde(ands/

Act only on that maxim through you can at the same time will th

become a universal law.


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$dea o* u(anit&

Act in such a way that you alwtreat humanity [yours or anothpersons! never merely as a meaalways at the same time as an e

itself.

.>reat others as &ou would li2e t/


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>he >hirst& !an


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&pothetical $(perati

.#f a person wills an end and cemeans are necessary to achieveend and are within his power$ th

ought to will those means.

"%homas &.


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&pothetical $(perati

a dut& that is necessar& toacco(plish a speci'c goal

$t is so(ething that we do to acan end


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Ea(ple $* $ want to pass

ChE R88, $ (ustsub(it (&reiewnoteboo2

regularl& andprepare *or theea(s


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Ea(ple

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5a-Theory of Formalism