58a1_brief History of Russia_gr

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  • 8/9/2019 58a1_brief History of Russia_gr

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    1 1915, 10 1916.

    I . Pokrovskoe[ ] :

    " ? ."

    10 . ShapovaIenkova [ ] . : "Tsarskoe-Selo, . Alexandrovna Vyroubova. , . . . . "

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    26 . Simanovitch [] .

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    11 . 10-15 Gorokhovaia Street . 8, Poushkinskaia Tregoubova, .

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    , Pestrikov . ? , - Pestrikov .

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    , Patoushinskaia, . .

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    , . .,

    , 22 1869, , ' . , , . . 4

    . . ' "" . .( ) .

    , , . , .

    30 1916 , . , , . ..( )

    There lived a certain man in Russia long agoHe was big and strong, in his eyes a flaming glowMost people looked at him with terrorand with fearBut to Moscow chicks he was such a lovely dear

    He could preach the bible like a preacherFull of ecstacy and fireBut he also was the kind of teacherWomen would desire

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    RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThere was a cat that really was goneRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineIt was a shame how he carried on

    He ruled the Russian land and never mind the czarBut the kasachok he danced really wunderbarIn all affairs of state he was the man to pleaseBut he was real great when he had a girl to squeezeFor the queen he was no wheeler dealerThough she'd heard the things he'd doneShe believed he was a holy healerWho would heal her son

    (Spoken:)But when his drinking and lusting and his hungerfor power became known to more and more people,the demands to do something about this outrageousman became louder and louder.

    "This man's just got to go!" declared his enemiesBut the ladies begged "Don't you try to do it, please"

    No doubt this Rasputin had lots of hidden charmsThough he was a brute they just fell into his armsThen one night some men of higher standingSet a trap, they're not to blame"Come to visit us" they kept demandingAnd he really came

    RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThey put some poison into his wineRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineHe drank it all and he said "I feel fine"

    RA RA RASPUTINLover of the Russian queenThey didn't quit, they wanted his headRA RA RASPUTINRussia's greatest love machineAnd so they shot him till he was dead

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    , , , Manouilov? .Solovieva . Sokolov 10-30 . . Pozdniakova , . Filippov , ,

    . , Tiomny. Belietzky. Golovina Nikitina [ --] - . 12.40 Haar , , Mikhailovna? . Soloviev [Sokolov?] . 224 - Tiomny Golovina

    ? 3,45 . Laptinskaia . Dobrovolskaia flatat 3,20. Kisselev, 4,40, . Dobrovolsky . Golovina, Laptinskaia . Berman , . Tiomny Dobrovolsky ? , . Golovina, Laptinskaia

    8,50 . Golovina

    Dobrovolskaia . . Neustein - " Tiomny Orlov Denissov ."

    (). Terekhov, SVISTOUNOV,Vassily Popov GRIGORY IVANOV.

    History of the Order of St. Catherine

    The Order of St. Catherine, the onlyOrder of the Russian Empire for women(excluding the Order of Saint Olga,

    given only in 1916-1917), was foundedin 1714 in order to commemorate andimmortalize the actions of EmpressCatherine I, wife of Peter the Great,whose selfless sale of her jewelry and

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    property to pay the ransom of the Cossacks who were captured by theTurks in 1711 earned her the admiration of the court and country.

    The statutes of the Order were first published in 1713, and on the 24th ofNovember 1714, on the Empress' name day, Peter the Great personallybestowed the insignia of the Order upon the Empress Catherine, creating

    her Grand Mistress of the Order. The order was to be limited to "Persons ofthe feminine sex" and was given in two classes; The Grand Cross, whichentitled the bearer to wear a star and badge of the order, and the SmallCross, which entitled the bearer the right to wear the badge only. Thebadges were worn on the end of a red moir sash trimmed with silver, withthe embroidered motto: "Za lyubov i otchestvo" (For love, and for theFatherland)

    The Insignia of the badge of the order features at its center an enameled

    image of Saint Catherine in a white gown with a red cloak. In her right hand,the Saint holds a large white cross (a symbol of her faith) and behind her alarge wheel (the symbol of her martyrdom). In her left hand, the Saint holdsa palm frond. Over her head are her initials Sv. E (Svyataya Elizaveta) andbetween the arms of the cross, the letters D.S.F.R. (Domine Salvum FacRegem, God Save the Tsar). On the obverse is an image of eaglesdestroying a nest of snakes at the foot of a ruined tower, at the top of whichis a nest of eaglets. Above is the motto "Aequant Munia Comparis" (By herworks she is to her husband compared). The Badges were 8.5 cm. high,

    and 7.5 cm. wide.Every Russian Grand Duchess was conferred the GrandCross of the order at her christening (or upon her marriage into theRomanov family), and princesses of the Imperial Blood were invested uponattaining their majority at 18. In addition to the members of the ImperialFamily, 106 women were allowed to be members of the order; 12 DamesGrand Cross, and 94 Dames Small Cross. Peter decreed that Catherine,and every subsequent Empress, would serve as Grand Mistress of the orderfor life. Women elected to the order were so honored because of theirphilanthropic and charitable work outside of their work at Court. In a

    departure from the established rules, on February 5, 1727, Prince A.A.Menshikov was granted the Order of Saint Catherine "in tribute to hismodesty". He was the only man ever to be so honored, and a portrait of himsurvives wearing the Order of St. Catherine.The Statute of April 5th, 1798,confirmed the appearance of the Order, which had undergone changesduring the reign of Catherine II. A doll from the Wardrobe of the Office ofOrders, (now preserved in the collections of the Kremlin Armory Museum,inv. No TK-3113) shows the robes of the Deputy Mistress of the order indetail. This dolls robes match exactly the robes of Empress Maria

    Feodorovna, wife of Paul I, from the period in which she served as Deputy.

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    A doll from the Wardrobe of the Office of Orders showing the eighteenthcentury dress of the Deputy of the Order. A brocade dress with gold-embroidered green velvet train and cap with red and white feathers.

    A brocade panniered gown

    with rouching, trim, and trainof green velvet embroideredheavily in gold was wornwith a velvet cap, theupturned brim of which wasdecorated with a Catherinewheel and cross in goldbraid. The grand mistress ofthe order had a wheel and

    cross in gold, set withdiamonds and rubies. Thereexists today in the DiamondFund of the RussianFederation, a uniquediamond and ruby Cap

    Badge of the order in the form of the Catherine Wheel, surmounted by adiamond cross. The gown was the same for all members of the order,though the trains and embroidery were most elaborate for the Grand

    Mistress and the Deputy, then decreasingly so for the ladies of the first andsecond classes of the order.

    Cap Badge of the Grand Mistress of the Order of Saint Catherine in Gold,silver, diamonds and rubies. Worn by the Grand Mistress on the upturnedbrim of the green velvet cap of the order.

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    On the 20th of October, 1856,Alexander II made further modifications,and decreed that henceforth, the starand badges of the Order were to bediamond-set. The Grand Cross and

    badge were to be completely set withdiamonds, while the badges for DamesSmall Cross were to be a mixture ofdiamonds and gold filigree work. Therewere plans for a Slavic revival

    modification to the robes of the order, as well as the creation of a collarchain for the members of the Imperial family, but these plans were neverexecuted.A portrait by Kramskoy from the 1880s of the Last Grand Mistress of the

    Order, Empress Maria Feodorovna wearing her insignia.Dames of the first class wore the sash (10mm wide) over their rightshoulder, with the badge attached to abow embroidered with the motto of theorder at their waist. The star was wornon the left side of the breast. Women ofthe Small Cross wore the badgesuspended from a bow (4.5 cm wide)on the left shoulder. Women were

    elected members of the Order by theEmperor, but their patents were signedby the Empress, who served as GrandMistress. Since the Empress served asGrand Mistress for life, it can beassumed that Empress MariaFeodorovna was the last GrandMistress of the Order before theRevolution. The honor of membershipin the order cannot be underestimated.Membership offered Dames of theOrder complete access to the Imperialfamily, and a lifetime connection to them. When Alexandra Feodorovna andher daughters went into exile in Siberia, they took their badges and starswith them. They were recovered in 1933.

    The eight pointed star, below, of the order was 9 cm wide, made of silver,and set with diamonds. In the center, a silver cross rests on a scarletenamel field, surrounded by gold letters reading in Russian "For Love andFor the Fatherland"

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    Above, aview of theHall of Saint

    Catherinein theGreatKremlinPalace, painted byK.A.Ukhtomskyin 1848

    after its

    redecoration

    The Hall of Saint Catherine in the great Kremlin Palace was designed byKonstantin Andreievitch Ton, and impresses because of the elegance of itsproportions, rather than by its size. The ornamentation of the room took itsclues from the robes and insignia of the order. The white ceiling and silvermoir walls contribute to the feeling of lightness in the room, and the wallsare bordered by the scarlet ribbon of the order, the crosses set with largepaste stones.

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    Above: a view ofSaint Catherine'sHall today, wherePresident Putinreceives Foreign

    Diplomats and Delegations to theRussian Federation.Note theextraordinarytorcheres ordered byAlexander II.

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    The elaborate doors of the hall are masterpieces of the metalworker's art,and feature the star and badge of the order entwined by branches of gildedlaurel. Also of note in the hall are two large crystal torchres, which wereordered specifically for this room from the Russian Imperial Glass Factory;four smaller similar torchres were ordered to be created by Baccarat in

    Paris (these smaller four are now missing; interestingly, today the Kremlinguides mistakenly attribute the largertwo to Baccarat, forgetting theirImperial Russian origin). The pilastersand columns in this room are veneeredin Malachite. Even today, the beautyand function of the Hall of SaintCatherine remain intact, as all foreigndelegations and diplomats are received

    in this room.

    The Catherine Hall in a photograh from1913

    Today, the Order of Saint Catherine isno longer granted by the Russian

    State. Maria Vladimirovna, pretender tothe Russian Throne, claims the right toaward the order, though her mother,

    the Grand Duchess Leonida, should

    rightly serve as Grand Mistress.

    A portrait of Empress Catherine I,first Grand Mistress of the Order ofSaint Catherine, wearing theinsignia of the order, painted byJean Marc Nattier.

    A portrait of Grand Duchess MariaFeodorovna by Roslin, wearing theStar and Badge of the Order in the1770s

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    Alexander Palace , . . . Giacomo Quarenghi . Bergamo, 1744 1817.Quarenghi . .

    , . Quarenghi Palladian , .

    , , , , Indigo Jones. Catherine Quarenghi 1779, .

    Quarenghi .

    . . Quarenghi 13 , .

    Tsarina Quarenghi ' . .

    Catherine .

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    .

    , (), , . Tsarskoe . , . Catherine Catherine . . Tsarskoe Selo . Tsarskoe , . . . , 1792 Imperial . Nilov , Quarenghi

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    . Minchacci, Rusco . 286.000 1794. . .

    Hall, . . . .

    .

    , Palace . Tsarskoe Selo . Catherine.

    Tsarskoe Selo . . , . , Catherine ,

    . , . , . , Tauride Palace. Catherine .

    , . stuccoing . " Palace", , , 1796.

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    12 1796. . Catherine , , , . , .

    , . . , . Mikhailovski . , . Alexander Palace Tsarskoe Selo. Alexander Palace, . 1809 600.000 .

    , , . Alexander Palace - Tsarskoe Selo. . Nicholas . , , . Alexander Palace doted ,

    . . , . . Nicholas . Alexander Palace . Nicholas AlexanderPalace , , .

    , Alexander Palace ,

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    ', . redecoration . , , . 1840. ,

    , , Alexandrovna, Alexander Palace-. . . Tsarina.

    Tsarevich Alexander Palace . . 1874 , , , . Fyodorovna Alexander Palace .

    Tsarskoe Selo , Gatchina. , ' , . Tsarskoe Selo.

    Nicholas 1894 Alexander Palace . , . , , , , , . redone . .

    Imperial Art Nouveau . Romanov , Romanovs 19

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    . , II. Romanovs 1917 , Lukomskii. Romanovs Yekaterinburg 1918 .

    Alexander Palace , 1917. . Romanovs , . 1919, ,

    , . ' . 1920 Place, , . Alexander Palace .

    Alexander Palace . , , "Romanov ". pilfer . , , .

    Hammer . ' 1930, . , ' .

    1941, Palace, AMKuchumov, 300 . ., ,

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    . , . . , .

    SS .

    SS . .

    ,

    . . , . , , - Romanov.

    19 - . . , . . Pavlovsk, Catherine

    Palace, . . 1980 Suzanne Massie Bob Atchison, Palace, AM Kuchumov, , Alexander Palace .

    . . . Kuchumov Bob Atchison. 1994

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    Alexander Palace . .

    Alexander Palace . , . .

    .4 1897. . 516,inv.2, 101, PP.11, 12.

    Alexander Palace - Mr.CliftonBeckinridge Mr.Eton Hitchcock.

    2,30 .Beckinridge . Hitchcock. 1 Outhouse (Grand Palace), , . Alexander Palace. Hof-Fourier

    . Master of Prince Dolgoruky, Count Benkendorf Koniar .

    16 1897. . 516., Inv.2, 101.

    12

    : . , . , Gruich, Baron Khayashi, . . Magalenet.

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    11.10 Master of Ceremonies PrinceDolgoruky Koniar Alexander Palace . Kammer-Fourier, Hof-Fourier

    Corner . ( Outhouse Grand Palace) .

    16,1899. . 516, inv.2, 113.

    . Tsarskoye Selo 1.20 .. footmen, Hof-fouriers Kammer-Fourier . ' . "" . Tsarskoye Selo 4.30 ... ( Tsarskoye Selo "Mornie" Alexander Palace.

    4 . - -back .Footmen - footboard . 2footmen . - --Princess Golitsyna, -- Oleshina, Chief Master ofCeremonies Prince Dolgoruky, CountGuendrikov, aide-de- Kammer- .

    18 1899. , 516, inv.2, 113.

    , , , Tsarskoye Selo 11.10. Landau AlexanderPalace. 3 1 1

    Hof-Fourier BaronMeyendorf -- Obolenskaya Olenina Prince Dolgoruky.

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    . 1,10 .

    9 1899. , 516, inv.2, 114.

    . , Tsarskoye Selo 10:12 .. Tsarskoye Selo Master Prince Dolgoruky Koniar . Alexander Palace Mrs.Tower Corner 1 Hof-Fourier 1 12 Master of Ceremonies Prince Dolgoruky .

    . - -- Princess Golitsyna, --Olenina Steward Count Hendrikov. Kammer-. . Escort -.

    30 1902. , 516, inv.2, 160.

    , 1 .. TsarskoyeSelo Mr.MacCormick 2 Master Chief Count Hendrikov,Koniar Steward , 2 , Master of aide-de-. entrane 3 Prince Dolgoruky

    1 Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen Crimson . 2,30 . 3.30 Tsarskoye Selo.( "Morni" 6 . 4 . liveries.

    . . Cuirassier Regiment. - --Princess Orbeliani, Chief Marshal Prince Dolgoruky, Chief

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    Master of Ceremonies Count Hendrikov, Count Benkendorf , aide-de- Prince 3 Kammer- ).

    9 , 1905, , 516, inv.2, 190.

    . MacCormick Fyodorovna 12 1,30 - Fyodorovna. , Hof-Fourier Kammer-.

    14 1905, , 516,inv.2, 190.

    3,40 . MacCormick. Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen . 3 .. "" Fyodorovna.

    30 1905, RSHA, 516, inv.2, 190.

    . George von Lengehrke-Maier Tsarskoye Selo 1.40 .., . , Alexander Palace gilt . 3 Master Chief Count Hendrikov, Marshal Count Benkendorf, Steward Prince Shervashidze, Koniar Steward , 2 , Master -Gurko aide-de- Count . 1Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen Fyodorovna. 3,50 . -- Olenina aide-de- Count Yengalychev. ( Fyodorovna : -- Vorontsova-Dashkova, -- Countess Heiden Kammer-. liveries). 3 Corner

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    . . , AlexanderPalace 5.40.

    13 1905, , 516, inv.2, 192.

    Lengehrke Maier, 3.30 ..25 1905, ,

    516, inv.2, 192.

    Mr.Lengehrke Maier 2 .. 1 1 Hof-Fourier. ( : : " Maier, ." Nicolas -).

    19 1907, , 516, inv.2, 213.

    2.30 Corner Count Lengehrke Maier "" . Princess Golitsyna, -- Dury Princess Obolenskaya,

    Chief Marshal Count Benkendorf, Chief Master ofCeremonies Baron Korf, Chamberlain Yevreinov, Baron Ramzai Aide - de- Dabich. ( St.Petersburg 1,20. Tsarskoye Selo 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen. . Kammer- ).

    26 1907, , 516, inv.2, 213.

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    . Wallace Reed ( 2 . Woods-Bliss, 3 . Major Hibbson) Tsarskoye Selo St.Petersburg 2,10. Tsarskoye Selo accompaied 2 , Master of Baron Buxhoeveden

    Aide-de- . 3 Master of Ceremonies Count Hendrikov. 1 Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen. --Princess Obolenskaya, Dedyulik, aide-de- Prince Orlov, Drenteln Count Sheremetyeev 2. 3.. Master of Ceremonies

    Corner , . . 4,40 , .( Hussar Regiment. liveries).

    21 1907, ,

    516, inv.2, 224.

    10 .. Mr.William Taft ClarenceEdwards .

    16 1907, , 516,inv.2, 215.

    6 .. Donald Mackenzie-Wallace .

    29 1909, , 516, inv.2, 252.

    . Woodville Rockhill . Skyler Tsarskoye Selo 11 .. Imperial . Master Chief Shidlovsky, Yevreinov Steward , , Baron Ramzai

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    Chamberlain, - Teplov Count . , 3 Alexander Palace

    Prince Dolgoruky, Master of Ceremonies CountHendrikov aide-de- Arapov.

    , 1 Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen . Master Chief . , , - . 9 .

    1,15 , , Alexander Palace Imperial Pavilion() .( Hall. Cuirassier Regiment).

    24 1910, , 516, inv.2, 253.

    : Motono, Mme Louis, . Rockhill, .Scarvenius, Baron Blunelius .

    23 1910, , 516, inv.2, 264.

    10.30 Captain Nathan Averille , , .

    2 1911, , 516,inv.2, 269

    12 . Rockhill .

    14 1911, , 516,inv.2, 268.

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    12 CaptainMcCooley , , .

    17, 1914, ,

    516, inv.1 (219/2728), 39.

    . George Thomas . : . Wilson, 2 . Maison, 3 . Furman, .

    28 1915.

    2 o'clock . MacCormick .

    2 1915.

    12 . George Merk .

    25 1915, , 516,inv.1 (219/2728), 40.

    Archibald Hart, , , .

    25 1915, , 516, inv.1, 9.

    , Mr.Archibald Hart, , .

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    10 1915, , 516, inv.1, 13.

    6 .. . .

    27 1916, , 516, inv.1, 17.

    2,20 Corner . . -- BaronessBuxshoevden Hendrikova, Marshal

    , Master

    Yevreinov, Count Apraksin Steward , Gentleman Teplov Aide-de- Mikheev. , . Imperial 1,15. 3 Master Cermonies Baron Korf, Steward Yevreinov Teplov.

    1 Kammer-Fourier, 2 Hof-fouriers 2 footmen. , Master Baron Korf . , . 3.

    14 1916, , 516,inv.1. 19.

    12 Mr.Hart.

    22 1916, , 516, inv.1, 19.

    2.30 Corner ..

    . David Roland, . Ambassy: . , 1 . Morris Deerling,

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    2 . Sterling, 2 . Campbell, 3 . latte Ryon,

    . , Riggs, Mc Cooley CaptainBreckenridge . .

    10 1916, , inv.1, 21.

    2,30 - Nickolayevna .

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    Blue Brigade

    Antonio Prez Caballero

    15 1943 ,Antonio Perez Juarez, 22 Logroo, . , . 34 , .

    .

    , ,

    7 .

    , , , 5 . , Pulkovo Gatchina. Gatchina.

    , , , befriend ocuppied . . , .

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    . ,

    . , , .

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    . . , , "La Tarara". . ,

    : Imperial Residences Tsarskoe Selo ( ), Pavlovsk Gatchina. . Pavlovsk . 1943, , , , ,

    Nikolaevskoe . , . ,, , , Alexander Palace. . . ,

    , .

    - 1795

    1796 12 Elizabeth ( )

    1809 Alexander Luigi Ruska Palace

    1818 ()

    1822

    Srednaya Street1826 Clayworth

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    1827 Stasov (9) Stasov

    1833 remodeled

    1835 Waiting Room

    1837 Crimson Drawing Room Ton Derpt

    1838 Pimenov Loganovski

    1840 remodled Alexandrovna

    Ice- chamberpots lmaps Marble Hall

    1843 Yefimov Delnero, redone

    Bolghagen remade redone Mountain Hall

    , -

    Krol Jacoby

    1845 Hall Stackenschieder (I) Nicholaevna Yefimov fomer Amosov Memorial Chapel Pinkerton

    1846 Brullov Monginetti

    1847

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    1849 Palace , ,

    1850

    1857 1875 Vidov

    1874

    1882 Boudoir Vidov

    1887

    1892 IV / aula Palace repaved Aula

    1895 redone 3 / 13,

    9 / 12 Palace,

    1896 redone Danini, Danini Nilov Toliets

    Ericson ( 11 )

    1897 Palace Repainted ShmellingUpstairs Aleksandra redecorated DaniniImperial Danini Shrenburg Maples Alexeyev Svirsky

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    Palace IV

    1898

    Aleksandra Crimson Room ;

    1899 Strakhov Peterson Aleksandra

    1901 Parade

    1902 , Maple

    1903 aula, Danini

    1904 Orlovsky

    Orbelani

    1905 Floor

    1906 Svede Pastere

    1908

    1909 - Peterhof

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    1912

    1913 Film projector

    1914 Pallisander

    1915 Aleksandra

    1916 ' Hahn chinning

    1917 Palace

    1918 5/1/18

    1940 Palace ,

    - Imperial 1919

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    HMS Marlborough Evacuates , ,, 1919

    , - HMSMarlborough, autographed Imperial .

    Sir Francis Pridham, KBE, CB, HMSMarlborough, 7 1919 , ,

    . " ", Allan Wingate Publishers, Ltd, ,1956. , .

    4 1919, , HMS Marlborough , (CD Johson,CB, MVO, DSO), ,

    , , "HMSMarlborough . ...

    ,

    HMSMarlborough.

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    , , 7 , , . .

    [ , , , .]

    HMS Marlborough , .

    , ? . accomadtion . , , . Captain , , ,

    . shakedowns . , , , , ' . , ,

    ? , . -, , , , . . ...

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    . ... Imperial , , , , . ..., Alexandrovna . , ,

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    , , , Count Fersen schemed.

    , , , . ,

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    ? . , , , .

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    Nicholaievich HMSMarlborough.

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    Nichols . ...

    , , HMSMarlborough

    Lambskin- , ? . ...

    , , Youssoupoff, , , . , Zinaida, Felix Youssoupoff, --Princess Irina Youssoupoff ( ) , . , Prince

    Felix, , . ... , Prince Felix Yousoupoff .

    , Princes Feodor, ,

    , Rostislav . PrinceFeodor, ,

    , , , . , undrestand

    , . Prince , , . Prince Dimitri, , , , , . ...

    , ( ),

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    ( ), Yousoupoff, Yousoupoff. , HMS Marlborough ,

    . ...

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    , 8 , , , , Imperial. , boatload .

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    , , . . , , , , ,

    . Sevastapol.

    Imperial Imperial .

    , Nicholaievich Imperial . 11 1919 , HMS Marlborough . Imperial, , , Peter. , , , ,

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