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Overview What is SQL Server? Creating databases Administration Security Backup

56582157 Introduction to SQL Server

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Page 1: 56582157 Introduction to SQL Server

Overview

What is SQL Server? Creating databases Administration Security Backup

Page 2: 56582157 Introduction to SQL Server

What is SQL Server?

Database management software Own file structure Own logins Own security

Access through 2 main ways: Query Analyzer Enterprise Manager

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What is SQL Server?

Consists of 2 Services: MSSQLServer

Data & query processing

SQL Server Agent Scheduled jobs & alerts

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Logging In

Windows NT Authentication

SQL Server Authentication

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Query Analyzer

Command-based interface Complete access to SQL Server Useful for creating scripts

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Enterprise Manager

Graphical User Interface Often more intuitive Easier to visualize

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Viewing Available Databases

Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpdb system stored

procedure

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Viewing Available Databases

Enterprise Manager Expand Databases

folder

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Creating a Database

Enterprise Manager Right-click

Database folder Select New

Database…

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Demonstration

Creating medical database

Set growth and file size options

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Transaction Log

Records data modifications Rolls forward completed transactions Rolls back incomplete transactions

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Data Types

At least 25 data types char, int, float uniqueidentifier, datetime, image

Can define own data types

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User-Defined Data Types

Based on existing data types Created with sp_addtype system

stored procedure

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Creating Tables

Query Analyzer

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Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager Right-click Tables Click New Table…

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Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Choose name

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Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Create columns

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Demonstration

Creating tables for medical database Product Patient Usage

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Constraints

Maintain data integrity Domain Integrity Entity Integrity Referential Integrity

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Constraints (cont.)

Primary Key Entity Integrity

Foreign Key Referential Integrity

CHECK Constraint Domain Integrity

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Add Primary Key

Query Analyzer

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Add Primary Key

Enterprise Manager Right-click column of interest Set Primary Key

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Add Foreign Keys

Query Analyzer

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Add CHECK

Query Analyzer

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View Constraints

Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpconstraint

system stored procedure

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Rules

Specify allowed values for columns Example

Allowed states: PA, WV, OH

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Creating Rules

Query Analyzer Create rule with CREATE RULE statement Bind rule with sp_bindrule system stored

procedure Unbind with sp_unbindrule

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Create Rules

Enterprise Manager Input only rule

name and definition

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Create Rules

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind rule

Open rule properties

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Creating Rules

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind Rule (cont.)

Click Bind Columns… on Rule Properties

Select table and column

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Inserting Data

Query Analyzer Use INSERT

statement

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Inserting Data

Enterprise Manager Right-click table name Select Open Table ► Return all rows

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Inserting Data

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Type values as needed

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Stored Procedures

Collection of SQL statements Can accept variables Can be used for security

Users can be granted right to use stored procedure, even if they do not have access to underlying tables

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Creating Stored Procedures

Query Analyzer Use CREATE PROCEDURE statement Define variables as @variable_name

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Using Stored Procedures

Use EXEC procedure_name Pass values by reference or position

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Transactions

Process statements as a group Must be committed

“All-or-nothing” – All statements are committed or none are

If interrupted, transaction is rolled back automatically

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Transactions

Query Analyzer Use BEGIN TRANSACTION and

COMMIT TRANSACTION statements Use ROLLBACK TRANSACTION to

cancel

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Transaction Example

Committed transaction Rolled back transaction Interrupted transaction

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Views

Specify how data is seen Focus data Security

Grant permissions on Views

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Creating Views

Query Analyzer Use CREATE VIEW statement

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Creating Views

Enterprise Manager Add tables

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Views

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Select column

names Enter Aliases

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Security

User Management Roles Logins Users

Program Security

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Roles

Operations that members of role can perform

Users are assigned roles

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Creating Roles

Type Role name Select Standard

Role

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Creating Roles

Open Role properties

Click Permissions button

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Creating Roles

Set allowed actions Table actions Allowed Views Allowed Stored

Procedures

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Logins

Allow users to log in to SQL Server

Defined under Security folder

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Creating Logins

Input Login name Set password Set defaults

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Creating Logins

Choose allowed databases

Select Roles

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Users

Who is allowed to access database

Role user has

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Setting Users

Only necessary if you did not set during login creation

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Program Security

SQL Server Home Page http://www.microsoft.com/sql

News, tips, & tools

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Program Security

Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) Runs under Windows 2000 or XP Checks program settings & security

patches Useful for many Microsoft programs,

including SQL Server 7.0 and 2000

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Program Security

MBSA can be downloaded at: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp

?url=/technet/security/tools/Tools/mbsahome.asp

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Backup

Create Backup Device Container for your database

Schedule Backup jobs

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Creating a Backup Device

Enterprise Manager Look under

Management folder

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Creating a Backup Device

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Set name Set location

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Backing Up

Back up and restore from Databases folder

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Backing Up

Select your backup device as the Destination

Set a schedule if desired

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Check Jobs

Check backup jobs under SQL Server Agent under the Management folder