560 History Syllabus

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CAMEROON GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION BOARD

560 History SYLLABUS

Buea: 05 November. 2004

560HISTORY

INTRODUCTION

ThisOrdinaryLevel History has been introducedto bringtogether the former History syllabuses

examinedunder History SyllabusB EuropeanHistory)and History Syllabus C WorldAffairs).

AIMS

The aim of the Ordinary Level Syllabus in History is to enable candidates acquire a sound general basis

ofknowledge in and understanding of the developments of a particular period of History chosen for

study, and to furnish them with an i :ltroduction to historical skills and methods.

2

To introduce candidates to modern World History in general, but more ernphasis will be laid in the

History ofCameroon and Africa in particular from the period 1880 to the present day.

To stimulate the interest and awareness of the candidates in their African environ ment and create

~

enthusiasrnfor the study of the past as a resultof the interactionbetweenCameroonians,Africansand

other races in the world.

To foster the dual concepts ofpatriotism and Pan-AtTicanism among the candidates.

To encourage candidates to pay greater attention to the interpretation and exploitation of historical

documentssuch as maps, extracts,cartoons,photographs,speeches, statisticsetc.

3

4

1,1

GENERALOBJECTIVES

The objectives ofthe examination are to test the candidates

Knowledge of substantial and important body to factual historical information.

Factual recall of relevant historical facts/events.

Understanding ofthis historical informationlevents.

Extract relevant materiar from more than one source so as to write a coherent historical essay.

Appreciate the views held by historical figures in Cameroon and ther places at different times and

periods.

To understand and interpret historical maps, cartoons diagrams, pictures and statistics.

Application ie the ability to employ this information intelligently in response to specific questions.

Select and arrange historical information and to present this information logically and c1early.

Ability to develop from their knowledge a simple and coherent argument based on selected facts.

Analysis

Appreciate relationship between cause and

effect.

1

1

1

Ii

III

II

2,1

2,2

2,3

3,1

3,2

4,1

4,2

The ability to use the knowledge ofinter-diseiplinary social sciences, like Geography, Economies,

Philosophy, Sociology and Anthropology to explain historical facts.

A

ASSESSMENT OBEJECTIVES

Knowledge

Recall of relevant historical informationlevents

to identify simple historieal facts relating to people, places, dates and events

to reeall relevant historieal informationlevents.

Understanding of historical events

to e~traet relevant facts and to present the information logically.

to slect and arrange historical information coherently

TheiConcept of Application

to relate and link people, places and events

to use historical data in tackling historieal questions

to projeet the place of Inter-disciplinary Social Science such as Geography, Economies, Sociology,

Philosophy and Anthropology in explaining historical facts/events .

to write simple historical essays

The concept of Analysis

to interpret historieal documents

to use the knowledge acquired in solving historical problems relating to cause and effect

to relate and link important personalities and major thernes in history

to highlight the contributions and significance of important personalities and events in history.

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Il

1

.1

a.2

B

b,1

b,2

C

c.1

c,2

c,3

cA

D

d.1

d,2

d,3

dA

Objectives: A = Knowledge; B = Comprehension; C = Application; D : :;Analysis.

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THE EXAMINA TION

The Examination will cover Cameroon, Africa and Modem World Hi~ory. The examination consists of

Two Papers. Paper 1 will be Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) of l '6O questions of One ~urst

and will account for.1o of the total marks. Paper 2 will be an essay-type paper ofTwo and a halfhours

and will account for tfte-ber~ 4fthe total marks.

Paper 1

This paper is designed to the extent and depth of the candidates knowledge and understanding of

Cameroon,AfricaandModemWorldHistoryand central internationalaspects of the syllabussuch as c ~

Intenational Relations, International Institutions and World developments. This paper will consist of ~

questions.

hpu , .

This paper will be ~d into 3 sections A, B and C comprising six questios each~didates will be

equired to answer questions in this paper. Two questions from Section A, :fWoquestions ITom

section B and One question ITomsection C.

SECTION A

This section will deal with Cameroon: 1884 - 2004. Six questions will be set from which candidates will

be required to answer TWO.

SECTION B

This section will deal with AITicanHistory: 1884 - 2004. Six questions will be set ITomwhich candidates

will be required to answer.:fW8.

~

SECTION C

This section will deal with Modem World History since 1848. (Europe 1848 - 1980; The Middle East

1900

-

1980; Asia (China, Japan and India) 1900

-

1980; USA 1900

-

1980; World Diplomacy with

emphasis on the Leaque ot Nations and the UNO). Six questions (two questios drawn from Europe and

One question from each of~other four areas) will be set and candidates will be required to answer

One.

Ali questions carry equal marks

t-

SINSection N Sub. Nt

Topic

0

1

0 Cameroon history since 1884

0 Cameroon on the eve of German annexation,

lIA historical background on the activities of European explorers, missionaries and traders in Cameroon on

. the eve of German annexation befoe 1884.

1.2 The scramble for Cameroon. The rivalry between the British, the German and the French. The attitude of

Cameroonian coastal traditional mlers towards the scramble and the annexation of Cameroon

1.3 How and why the Germans succeeded in the scramble and annexation of Cameroon in 1884.

0 German annexation ofCameroon 1884 -1916.

2 1 The Berlin West African ConferencelBerlin Act of 1885/The Diplomatie transfer of coastline from Rio

. dei Rey to Campo by Britain and France to Germany.

2.2 Consolidation of German mie in the interior of Cameroon

2.3 Reactions of the natives to German Imperial penetration and conquest of Cameroon.

2.4 The political, economicandsocialdevelopmentofCameroonunderGermanmie.Assessmentof extent.

'

0 The First World War and its impact on Cameroon.1914 - 22

3.1 Thewar in Cameroon/ causesandcourseofwar.

3.2 The proposedcondominium

3.3 The effects ofthe war onCameroonians/ The Paris Peace Settlement/ The VersaillesTreaty/

Cameroonbecomesamandatoryterritoryof the LeagueofNations.

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Objectives: A = Knowledge; B = Comprehension; C = Applicat ion; D = Analysis.


Computerervice:26/10/2005

Paper Type

Sectior

No of Questions No of questions

Duration Marks Remarks,

Required

to be answered

1

MCQ

A

C>

&o

lt;

B

1{Y1

Ihr we--

Answer ail questions

C IS

.1

2 Essa' A

6 2

b

,nswer questions, 2 from

B

6

1)

2 hrs 30mins lM

Cameroon,

t

ITomAITica

C

6

1

and 1 ITomthe World

1 A

2 A

3 A

4 A

5 A

6 A

7 A

8 A

9

A

10 A

Il A

12 A

13

A

14 A


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CAMEROONGENERALCERTIFICATEOF EDUCATIONBOARD


Buea: 05 November 2004

S Section

N Sub. NC

Topic

15 A 4

0 Cameroon under British Mandate (1922 -1946)

16 A

4 4.1

Political developments / Administrative linking with Nigeria / Introduction / Implementation oflndirect

Rule.

17

A 4 4.2

The development of Cameroon under British Mandate. Aspects of economic, social and cultural

development in certain areas: Agriculture, Trade, Education, Health, Transport

18

A

4

4.3

Reactions of Cameroonians to British Mandatory rule / Early rise of nationalism in British Cameroons.

19

A 5 0 Cameroon under French Mandate (1922 -1939)

20 A

5 5.1

Introduction of French colonial policies / French policies in Cameroon: Assimilation, Association,

Differentiation, Paternalism, Indignat, Prestation, Forced labour etc.

21 A 5 5.2

Administration, Judiciary, Local Government, Local Government, Land Policy.

22 A

5 5.3

The Economic and Social development of French Cameroon under French Mandate: Agriculture, Trade,

Communication, Transport, Religion, Health, Education, Urbanisation, Public Works etc.

23 A

5 5.4

Reactions of French Cameroonians to French Mandatory rule / Early rise ofnationalism in French

Cameroons.

24 A 6 0

The Second World War and British Cameroons under V.N Trusteeshio. 1939

-

54

25 A

6 6.1

British Cameroonians; involvement in the War / Growth of British Cameroonian nationalism,

26 A 6

1939

-

46, BritishCameroonsunderUNTrusteeship

27 A 6 6.2

Political developments leading to self-rule / ConHtutional and Administrative changes / Birth and

Growth of Pressure groups and political parties / Eastern Regional Crisis.

29 A 6 6.3

Economic and Social developments in British Cameroons under U,N Trusteeship in such areas as

Agriculture (C.D.C), Trade, Public Finance, Education, Health, Transport and Communication etc.

30

A 7 0

British Cameroons: 1954 -1961

31

A 7 7.1

History of self-government J.o inde: Endeley;s Administration and Policies to 1959/ of

Cameroonians to British Mry ru e Cameroonian reactions.

32

A 7 7.2

Foncha s Administra ()ll and Policies to 1961 / ofCameroonians to British Mandatory rule / Early rise of

nationalism in British Cameroonian reactions.

33 A

7 7.3

Role of the U.N.a to the attainment ofindependence (The Plebiscite Question).

34 A 8

0

The Second World War and French Cameroons under V.N Trusteeshio. 1939 - 56

1

1

35 A

8 8.1

French Cameroonians involvement in the War / The Brazaville Conference (1944) and its effects / The

I

Loi - Cadre / Growth of French Cameroonian nationalism, 1939 - 56 / French Cameroons under UN

Trusteeship.

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36

A 8 8.2

Political developments leading to self-mie / Constitutional and Administrative changes / Birth

Il

37

l,

and Growth of Pressure groups and political parties along ethnic lines / U.P.C revoit and its effects.

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38

A 8 8.3

Economic and Social developments in French Cameroon under U,N Trusteeship in such areas

39

as Agriculture, Trade, Education, Urbanisation, Banking, Communication, Health, Transport.

40 A 9

0

French Cameroon: 1956- 60

41 A 9

9.1

History from self-mie to independence: Mbida s Administration and Policies to 1958/ Cameroonian and

1

French reactions.

1

1

42

A 9

9.2

Ahidjo s Administration and Policies to 1960/ Cameroonian and French reactions.

Il

43

A 9

9.3

Contribution of the French, ALCAM and the U.N.a to the development ofindependence.

1

j

44 A 10

0

The concept of Re-unification / Federal Republic of Cameroon. 1961 - 1972

45 A

10 10.1

Events leading .to the Reunification: The Bamenda/F oumban and Yaounde Conferences.

46

A 10

10.2

The Federal Government under Ahidjo.

47

A 10

10.3

Political, Economic and Social Developments in the Federated States.

48 A

10 10.4

The collapse of the Federated Systems.

49 A

11

0

Cameroon under the Vnitarv System. 1972 to Present day

50 A 11 11.1

Cameroon under Ahmadou Ahidjo - Domestic and Foreign Policies

51

A 11

11.2

Cameroon under Paul Biya - Domestic and.Foreign Policies.

52

A 11 11.3

The rebirth of multi-party politics in Cameroon and its effects.

53 A 12

0

Cameroon in international relations since indeoendence

54 A

12 12.1

Foreign policy objectives.

55

A

12 12.2

Cameroon and international organisations: U.N.a, a.A.U, A.U, UDEAC, CEMAC, E.U,

56

A 12

12.3

Commonwealth, Francophonie, Arab League, Cameroon s relations with major powers.

Objectives: A =Knowledge; B =Comprehension; C =Application; D =Analysis.

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Objectives: A = Knowledge; B = Comprehension; C = Application; D = Analysis.

SyllabusnalysisOL560 4 .


CAMEROONGENERALCERTIFICATEOF EDUCATIONBOARD


Buea: 05 November, 2004

SIN Section N Sub.NC

Topic

57 B 0

0

AFRICA SINCE

1884Excludinl Cameroon)

58 B

1 0

European Colonisation of Africa from the mid-nineteenth Centurv (1850-1900)

59 B

1

1.1

A historical background on the activities of European explorers, Missionaries, Traders, Politicians,

Statesmen and Soldiers on the eve of European colonisation of Africa before 1880/ Reasons why the

European powers did not scramble for Aftica before 1880.60 B 1 1.2

Motives ofthe scramble for Aftica in the last quarter of the 19thcentury / various reasons (i.e. political,

economic, social, cultural, humanitarian, military, technological etc) / Reasons why European penetration

and occupation was possible after the 1880's.

61

B

1 1.3

BerlinWestAftican Conference

/

BerlinActof 1885/ and its consequencesonAftica.

62 B 1 1.4

The various imperialist methods used or adopted by European powers to acquire colonies in Aftica ftom

1885 to 1920 / Annexation, Concessions, Protectorate and Mandatory systems.

63

B

1 1.5

Aftican reactions / Resistance to European Penetration and occupation of Aftica. Case studies of at the 3

famous Aftican resistant movements e.g. The Abysisinian Resistance under Emperor Menrlik Il / The

Mandinka Resistance under Samori Toure /.

64 B 2 0

European Colonies and European Colonial Policies

65 B 2 2.1

The main features of European colonies and key characteristics of European colonial policies in Aftica

(1900-1945).

66 B 2 2.2

British colonies in Aftica; British Indirect Rule in Aftica. Case study - Nigeria.

67

B

2 2.3

French colonies in Africa: -French policies of Assimilation and Assocation in French West Aftica: case

study: Senegal and French West Aftica.

68 B 2 2.4

Belgian colonies in Africa:- Belgian policy ofPatemalism case study: -BelgianCongo.

69

B

2

2.5

White settlerColonies in Aftica:-Kenya,Rhodesia;Aigeria;SouthAftica, Portuguesecolonies/

Characteristics of White settler Colonies. Angola / Mozambique.

70 B 2

2,6

The economic and social development in Africa during the colonial period in such aspects as Agriculture,

,

Mining, Railways,Seaports,Industry,Trade,BankingCurrency,Education,Health,Religionand

f

ransport.

71 B 3 0

The First World War and its Impact on Africa

72 B

3

3.1

Aftica's involvement, contributions to the war efforts and its consequences on political development ftom

1914-1939.

73 B 3 3.2 The Paris Peace Settlement, the Versailles Treaty and impact on Aftica.

74 B 3 3.3

The early rise of Aftican nationalism and the birth of Pan Afticanism. Pan Afticanists: - W.E.B du BOIS,

Marcus Garvey and Edward Blyden etc, Pan Aftican Congresses (1900 -1945), Abysinian Crisis.

75 B 4 0

Growth of African Nationalism and decolonisation Process

76

B 4 4.1

Aftica and Aftican involvement, Contributions to the Allied War efforts and their consequences on the

politicaldevelopmentof Afticaftom 1946- 1960.

77 B

4

4.2

Definition of African Nationalism / Factors responsible for the growth of African nationalism / Aftican

nationalist movements.

78

B 5 0

West African Nationalism and decolonisation Processfrom 1945

-

1960

79

B

5 5.1

The role ofnationalist movementsintheGoldCoast and their leaders in the politicalstrugglefor

independence(1945

- 57)/

BritishConstitutionalchangesand concessions(1946- 1956).

80

B 5 5.2

The role of the nationalistmovements/ Leaders inNigeriaand thestruggle for independence1944-

1960/ British Constitutional changes / concessions (1946 - 1950).

81

B 5 5.3

The FrenchConstitutionalconcessionsand changesin FrenchWestAfrica/ The reactionsof Afticans

towards continuous French colonial rule/formation ofR.D.A by Felix Houphuet Boigny/Loi Cadre/ Sekou

Tour's reactions.

82 B 6

0

Nationalism in Arab North Africa and de-colonisation Process in North West Africa

83

B 6 6.1

The Algerian Revolution (1945

-

1962).

84

B 7 0

Nationalism in East Africa (1945 - 1963)

85 B

7 7.1

the struggle for Independence in Kenya.

86 B

8 0

The Growth of Nationalism in Bel2ian Conl o/Conl o Crisis

87 B 8 8.1

Reasons for delay in the Congo de-colonisation process / hasty granting of Independence by the Belgian

govemment.

88 B 8 8.2

The Causes, Course and effects of the civil war.

B 8 8.3

The involvement of the UN and foreign powers in the Congo crisis.


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SIN Section N 5ub. N(

B

B

B

B

112

C

113

114

C

Topic

9

9

9

10

10

0 The Decolonisation Process in Portue:uese Africa (MozambiQue and Ane:ola (1960-1975)

9.1 The anned Struggle and Wars of Liberation in Mozambique.

9.2 The armed Struggle and Wars of Liberation in Angola Rivahy among the Liberation movement.

0 Post-Independent Africa - Politicallnstabilitv

10.1 Identification of common post-independent problems encountered by the Liberation movement.

10.2 Common political solutions / the creation of the One-party state system: - Case studies of the rise and fall

of some of the One-party states inGhana and Tanzania.

10

11

11

11

11

12

0

Wars of Liberation in Southern Africa

11.1 The anned struggle and the war of Liberation (The Bush War) in Rhodesia

11.2 The armed struggle and the war of independence in SW Africa, 1948

-

1994

11.3 The struggle against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa, 1948

- 1994

0 Post-Independent Africa - Political Instabilitv/ Post Independent Problems (1960-2000)

12.1 Civilwars, Factors responsibleforcivil strifeandeffects;case studies:Nigeria,the Congo,Liberiaand

the Sudan.

122 Military coups:Reasons formilitarycoupsandthe impactof militarycoupson Africanpolitics.Case

.

studies:Nigeria,GhanaandEgypt.0 African Diplomaev. Rel onalOre:anisations

13.1 OAU:Its originslcreation/aims/structure/sucesses/failures.

13.2 RegionalEconomicsOrganisations:theirOrigins/Aims/Activities:ECOWASandCEMAC/A.U

THE WORLD SINCE 1848( an Outline History ofthe Worldd sinee 1848)

0 Th Revolution ofl848 -1849 in Europe

1.1 The Revolutionof 1848- 1849in France- Causes,Course and effects.

1.2 The Revolution inGermanConfederation(1848- 1849).

1.3 The Revolution in Austria -Hungary(I848 - 1849).

1.4 The Revolutionin the ltalian Peninsula(1848- 1849).

Nation-buildine: efforts in Europe (rise of Nationalism in partieularlv Germanv and ltalv between

0 1848-1870

The ltalian Risorgimento/ the role ofltalian Nationalists/ tracingof main stepsandeventstowards

2.1 ltalian unityand the part playedby foreignpowers in the deve10pmentofItalian unity- 1848-1871/

Crimeanwar: Causes,courseand effects.

2.2 Attemptsto achieveGermanunitybefore1862/ TheProgressof GermanPoliticalUnity from

1862to 1871/ TheRoleof OttoVonBismarck/ tracingof themain steps/mainevents.Bismarck swars

of German Unification - War with Denmark, war with Austria and Franco - Prussia War and its

consequences. .

2.3 OutlineofInternal political,economicand socialdevelopmentof GermanEmpire: 1870- 1890.

The Indutrialization of European eeonomies in the 1870

-

1914and the need for European Colonies

0 abroad in Afriea and Asia

3.1 The main features of scientific, technologica1, military, medical, transport advances in Europe inthe

years 1870 - 1914.

3.2 International diplomacy; failure of Bismarckian diplomacy / development of the European Alliance

system / Arms and Naval race, Colonial and trade rivalries and events leading to the First World War.

0 The First World War and ifs impact on Europe and the world (1914 -1920)

4.1 The causes of the First World War

.

2 Thecausesof the rivalriesbetweenmembersof the TrippleEntente and TrippleAlliancethat led to the

4. outbreakof the First WorldWar.

4.3 The ParisPeace Settlementof 1919-1920 and the Leagueof Nations and itsactivities(1920- 1939)in

theworld duringthe inter-waryears.

0 The Rise oftotalitarian ree:imes/ Cbaracteristies in Europe in tbe 1920s and 1930s

Th rise andgrowthof RussianCommunismfrom 1917to 1939/ ConsolidationofCommunismb)lLenin

5.1 .

and Stalin.

52 The Rise and GrowthofNazism (1919- 1945)/ Consolidationof Nazi dictatorship/Nazi foreignpolicy

. / Reasons for the CollapseofNazism.

The Riseto powerof Mussoliniandthecreationof a Fascist State in Italy/ Consolidationof Fascist

5.3 dictatorship1924- 1938)/ ltalianFascistforeignpolicy(1924

-

1943).

12

12

13

13

13

2

2

Objectives: A

=

Knowledge; B

=

Comprehension; C

=

Application; D

=

Analysis.

Syllabus analysis

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89 B

90 B

91 B

92 B

93 B

94

B

95 B

96 B

97 B

98 B

99

B

100 B

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

11

C 1

C 1

C

1

C

1

C 1

C

2

115 C 2

116 C 3

117

C 3

118 C 3

119

C 4

120 C

4

122

C

4

122

C 4

123 C 5

124 C 5

125 C 5

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SIN Section N 5ub. Ne

Topic

Events leadine:to the SecondWorld War

The causesof the SecondWorld War

The CourselDiplomacy of the war/ its consequences

Europe from 1945 to 1980

The recovery of Europeaneconomiesandmovestowards political integration ofWestem Europe,

1945-

1980iemoves towardsEuropeanunity.Politicaldevelopmentsin Britain,F~ce and Germany.

The endofthe CoId War lDtente/Collapseof the Berlin Wall/ PerestroikaandGlasnost/thecollapseof

the Soviet Empire

and the

re-unificationof Germanyin the 1990s.

The

U

from 1900 to 1980

The domestic and foreign policies of successive

Administrations since

1900

a The Boon years,

1920 - 1929

b) The

Great Depression and the New Deal Schemes,

1929

-

1933

c) From isolationismto involvement

in World affairs,

1921

-

1945

From Harry Trumanto JimmyCarter ( 1945 - 1981)

The Middle East: 1900

-1980

9.1

Commission/UN Trusteeship/Brit ish withdrawaJ/Arab Leaque reaction to the creation of the state of

Isreal.

9.2 The Arab-Isreali Conflict

(1948-1980):causes, courseand effects.

0 Asia: 1900 - 1980

.

The rise

and growth

of Communism in China (1919 -1949)/the Long March/Consolidation and spread of

10.1 Communism in Chinai the Chinese Civil

War between the Nationalists

and the Communists, 1946 -

1949/ Mao Tse

-

tung 1949

-

1976. Assessment of his rule.

10.2 India: 1900 1980:British.lndia1900-

1947/Politicaldevelopmentsn IndiaandPakistantom 1947to

1980.

10.3 Japan 1900

-

1980

- Political

development ftom 1900

-

1945 (Post

War

Japan 1945

-

1980)

World Diplomacv -International Ore:anisations (their oril ns. aims. structures. successes and

fsilures)

11.1 The Leaque of Nations (Origins/Aims/Structure/Successes and Failures)

112 The United Nations Organisation (UNO) and its specialised Agencies

.

(Origins/ Aims/Structure/ Activities/Successes and Failures)

113 Topical issues ofintemational significance: Communications/Medecine/AlDS/Refugee. ProblemlEnvironmental IssueslHuman RightsiSpace exploration.

~I

~-

Iv

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Field Work: Visits to Historical Sites/ monuments

Exploitation of Historical Documents like Maps, Joumals and Text Books.

Simple interpretation ofhistorical text

TEXT BOOKS AND REFERENCE

For Cameroon

Victor Julius Ngoh, History ofCameroon since 1800

V.G Fanso, Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges

T. Eyongetah R. Brain, A History of the Cameroon

ANUCAM, Ordinary Level History for Cameroon Schools

Tazifor Tajoche, Cameroon History in the 19th and 20th centuries

Other texts on Cameroon

1

2

3

4

5

For Africa

Roland Oliver Anthony Atmore, Africa since 1800

ShilIing, History of Aftica

K.B.C Onwubiko, History of West Aftica, 1800

- Present

day

Elizabeth Isichei, Historyof WestAfticasince 1800

Other texts on Modem Amcan History inthe Twentieth Century




127 C

6

0

128 C 6 6.1

129

C 6

6.2

130 C 7 0

131 C 7 7.1

133

C 7 7.2

134

C 8 0

135

C 8 8.1

136 C 8 8.2

137

C

8

8.3

138

C

8 8.4

139 C 8 8.5

140

C 9

0

142 C 9

143 C 9

144 C 10

145

C

10

146 C 10

C 10

147 C 11

148 C 11

149

C

11

150 C 11

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

7

1

2

3

4

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S Section N Sub. N e


560 HistorySYLLABUS

Topic

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

For the World

DenisRichard An IIIustratedHistoryof Modem Europem 1789- 1974

HL Peacock Modem Europe History 1789

-

1980

N Lowe Mastering Modem World History

R D Conwell World History in the Twentieth Century

John Martell Twentieth Century World History

Robert E Lemer and Others Western Civilization Volume 2

Other text books on Modem World History



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