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Sternal angle
Lower border of T4
Mediastinum:It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structuresIt is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior
Superior mediastinum:EsophagusTracheaArch of AortaBig branches of Aortic archBrachiocephalic ( innominate) veinsUpper half os superior vena cavaPhrenic nervesVagi nerves
Middle mediastinum:PericardiumHeartPulmonary trunkAscending AortaLower half of SVCUpper part of IVCBifurcation of trachea
Posterior mediastinum:EsophagusDescending thoracic AortaAzygos and hemiazygos veinsvagi
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angle
Esophagus:-Length -begins-Ends-Site and relations- Blood supply
Trachea:-Length -begins-Ends-Site of trachea and bifurcation)-Relation-Main bronchi . length . width . orientation . divisions
Esophagus
Trachea
Rt VagusLt Vagus
Aorta:1- Ascending Aorta:Origin, end, branches2- Arch of aorta:Origin, end, branches3- descending thoracic Aorta:Origin, end, branches
Paired SinglePost intercostals pericardialSubcostal mediastinalPhrenic esophagealBroncheal
Brachicephalic artery
Lt common carotid artery
Lt subclavian artery
Superior vena cava :-Begin by union of….. At level of….right 1st costal cartilage -length-end at right 3rd costal cartilage by joining the heart-Tributaries: vena azygos at right 2nd costal cartilage
Brachiocephalic veins:Comparison between right and left veins:-Begin by union of….. -length-end at …. by forming…..-Tributaries: one of them is internal thoracic vein
Azygos and hemiazygos veins:-Begin at the abdomen. -end at……-Tributaries:1- Posterior intercostal2- Bronchial 3- Pericardial4- Esophageal 5- Mediastinal
Rt Brachiocephalic. Lt Brachiocephalic
Lt Internal jugular
Lt subclavian
Lt Internal jugular
Lt subclavian
Lt subclavian
SVC
Vena azygos
Phrenic nerve
Pulmonary Trunk:-Origin-Divisions-Relations
Inferior vena cava:-Origin- End
Mediastinum:It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structuresIt is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior
Superior mediastinum:EsophagusTracheaArch of AortaBig branches of Aortic archBrachiocephalic veinsUpper half of superior vena cavaPhrenic nervesVagi nerves
Middle mediastinum:PericardiumHeartPulmonary trunkAscending AortaLower half of SVCUpper part of IVCBifurcation of trachea
Posterior mediastinum:EsophagusDescending thoracic AortaAzygos and hemiazygos veinsvagi
�ِ
Lower border of T4
Sternal angle
Esophagus
Descending Thoracic
Aorta