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5.5A Classifying Matter
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass The amount of matter in an object
Properties Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density,
solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricityMagnetism The property of attraction to a magnet
Physical State The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas
Relative Density Objects that are more dense sink in water; less dense objects float in water
Solubility Measurement of the ability of a solid to dissolve in a liquid
Thermal Energy Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials
Electrical Energy Energy produced by the movement of electrons
Conductor Material that allows electric current or heat energy to flow through easily
Insulator Material that slows down or stops electric current or heat from flowing
Classify Group together based on similar traits
5.5B Properties of Water
Constant Not changing; the same
Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a gas (the boiling
point of water is 100 degrees Celsius)Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a solid to a liquid
Freezing Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a solid (freezing point
of water is 0 degrees Celsius)Condensation Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid
Evaporation Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas
Physical State The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas
5.5CD Mixtures and Solutions
Ingredient A single part of a mixture or solution
Mixture A combination of two or more substances where each keep their own properties and can be
easily separatedPhysical Change Make different without changing what the material is made of, such as: cutting, folding,
meltingSolution A mixture of one substance dissolved evenly in another.
Dissolve Melt, make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid
Property Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density,
solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricity
5.6A Uses of Energy
Energy What is needed to do work or cause change
Mechanical Energy Energy produced by a machine or moving part
Light Energy Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Sound Energy Energy produced from vibration that you can hear
Electrical Energy Energy produced by the movement of electrons
Thermal Energy Energy that causes a transfer of heat between materials
5.6B Circuits and Electricty
Electrical Circuit The pathway through which electrical current flows
Electromagnetism Magnetism created by an electric current; examples are MRI and electric motor
Conductor Material that allows electric current to flow through easily
Insulator Material that slows down or stops electric current from flowing
Flow To move or travel smooth in a certain direction
Electric Current The flow of electricity around a circuit
Light Energy Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Heat Energy Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials
Sound Energy Energy produced from vibration that you can hear
5.6C Light
Reflection Energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object (mirrors or echoes return energy back
to their source)Refraction Energy waves that bend (change direction and speed) as they pass from one type of object
to another typeLens A clear piece of curved glass or plastic that bends passing light to focus or spread the light
raysMirror Any object that has a reflective surface
Laser A device that gives off a very strong and directed beam of light
Illuminate Light up
Light Spectrum The small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see; violet, blue,
cyan, green, yellow, orange and red Magnify Increase in size, power or importance
Kaleidoscope A tube that contains 3 mirrors that reflect many different designs of light passing through
a colored disk on top.Telescope An instrument that uses mirrors and/or lenses to gather and focus light from objects far
away
5.6D Experimenting with Forces
Force A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction
Movement A change in position or location
Shape The outline or form of an object
Position Where an object is located in space
Direction The line or course along which an object is moving
Gravity A force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth
Friction A force that slows or stops motion when objects rub together
Inertia The property of an object that resists movement by a force
Kinetic Energy Energy in motion
Potential Energy Energy that is stored
Spring ScaleAn instrument that measures Earth's gravitational pull on an object
5.7A Formation of Fossil Fuels
Oil A flammable liquid produced from organic matter (remains of marine organisms) buried
under layers of sediments for millions of yearsNatural Gas A flammable material, without a definite form, produced from organic material (remains of
marine organisms) buried under layers of sediment found near oil depositsCoal A flammable solid produced from organic material (remains of organisms living in/near a
swamp) buried under layers of sediment.Pressure The action of force by one object against another (in a geyser, hot water escapes the
pressure from under layers of the earth’s crust)Sedimentary Rock Rock made of layers of compressed organic and inorganic sediments
Fossil Fuel Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants
and animals buried in the Earth’s crust that is used to produce heat and powerOrganic Matter The waste and remains of plants and animals
5.7B Changes to LandLandform Features on the surface of the earth such as mountains, hills, dunes, oceans and rivers
Delta A triangle-shaped (deposit) landform at the mouth of a river as it empties into another body
of waterCanyon A deep gorge in the surface of the Earth formed by the erosion of moving water and sand
Sand Dune Hills formed by the wind blowing sand
Weathering The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice
Volcano Created from the mixture of molten lava, ash and gases from the middle of the Earth that
erupts through a crack in the Earth’s surfaceEarthquake A sudden release of energy under the Earth’s surface that makes the ground shake or crack
Deposition The build up of land by depositing sediment and soil in a new location
Erosion The movement of weathered material on the Earth’s surface by wind, water or ice
5.7C Alternative Energy
Alternative
Energy Resource
Energy generated by natural processes that is renewable
Wind Energy Energy that comes from changing the power of moving air into a useful form
Solar Energy Energy that comes from the Sun
Bio Fuel Fuel made from plants and plant or animal waste
Fossil Fuel Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants
and animals buried in the Earth’s crust for millions of years, that is used to produce heat Pollution Materials introduced into an environment that cause damage, discomfort or instability
Renewable
Resource
Materials from the Earth that can be replaced by nature in a short period of time; for
example, treesNonrenewable
Resource
Materials from the Earth that cannot be replaced within a reasonable amount of time; for
example, coal, oil, and natural gas
5.7D What Happened BeforeFossil Preserved parts or traces of animals and plants that lived in the past
Model A limited representation of something that can help us understand its structure or how it
works. Sediment Small pieces of rock
Decay To rot and break down into small parts
Imprint A mark or depression made by pressure
Weathering The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water or ice
Evidence A sign or proof
5.8A Weather and Climate
Weather Describes the condition of the air outdoors such as temperature, cloud cover, wind speed,
and rainfallClimate Average weather conditon of a region year after year
Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky
Temperature How hot or cold something is
Trend The direction in which tends to move toward
Generalization A rule or pattern based on limited proof
Data Pieces of information
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air
Typical Usual; average
5.8B The Sun and Water Cycle
Ocean One of 5 large bodies of salt water that cover 75% of Earth
Beach Erosion The removal of beach materials into the sea or lakes by the action of waves, tides, or wind
Waves Moving ridges of water on the surface of the ocean caused by wind
Freshwater Water found in lakes, rivers, and streams that does not contain salt
Saltwater Water found in oceans (and a few lakes) that contains 3-4% salt
Water Cycle The changes to water when it evaporates into the air, condenses into clouds, and then
precipitates back down to the Earth’s surfaceEvaporation Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas
Condensation Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid
Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky
5.8C Earth's Rotation
Rotation A 24-hour period, or, the time it takes the Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis
Axis A line, real or imaginary, around which something spins
Day The time during rotation when the Earth faces the Sun and it is lighted; this rotation gives
the false appearance that the Sun travels from east to west across the skyNight The time during its rotation when the Earth faces away from the Sun and it is dark; this
rotation gives the false appearance that stars move across the skyCompass Instrument that uses a small magnet to show which direction is North (N)
Sundial Instrument that measures the time of day by using the position of the Sun
Shadow A dark area caused when an object blocks light falling on a surface
5.8D Earth, Sun, and Moon
Moon A natural satellite that orbits a planet. Some planets have no moons; others have over 60
moons.Orbit The path one object takes as it revolves around another object in space
Craters Bowl-shaped indents or cavities on the surface of a planet, moon, or asteroid that are
caused by a collision with another object, such as a meteoriteMass The amount of matter in an object
Weight The heaviness of an object;
force of gravity on mass = weight Gravity A natural force that causes two objects to pull toward each other depending on their mass
and the distance between themSun The star at the center of the Solar System that supplies heat and light to Earth; its
enormous gravity keeps the solar system in orbitEarth A planet in the Solar System that has life on it
Surface The outermost covering or layer
Celsius A temperature scale that sets the freezing point of water at 0º and the boiling point at
100º
5.9A Ecosystem Interactions
Ecosystem A community of living and nonliving things in their natural environment
Living Element Part of an ecosystem that requires energy to survive has basic needs that must be met
Nonliving Element Part of an ecosystem that does not require energy to survive and does not have basic needs
like food and waterOrganism A living thing
Adaptation An inherited trait or learned behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings
Producer An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy
Consumer An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
Carnivore Animal that gets its energy by eating only other animals
Herbivore An animal that gets its energy by eating only plants
Omnivore Animal that gets its energy by both plants and other animals
Decomposer An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste
5.9B Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Producer An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy
Consumer An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
Decomposer An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste
Energy What is needed to do work or cause change
Sun A typical star that is source of light and heat for plants in the solar system
Food Chain The path of food energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem
Food Web A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem
Predator An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism
Nocturnal Active at night
5.9C Environmental Changes
Change To become or make different
Environment The living and nonliving things around an organism
Organism A living thing
Impact Direct effect or change on
Carrying Capacity The population size an environment and feed and support
Population All the living things that belong that belong to the same group and live in the same area
5.9D Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen Cycle
Carbon Cycle The movement of carbon on Earth by the processes of respiration and photosynthesis
Oxygen A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that animals use for respiration
Carbon Dioxide A gas produced by animals during respiration that plants use to make food, water, and
oxygenRespiration A process by which animals use oxygen and food to make energy and carbon dioxide
Elodea An aquatic plant
Bubble Gas or air in a liquid
5.10A Adaptations
Species A group of organisms with similar characteristics that allow them to reproduce
Reproduction The act of making something new
Adapation A characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive
Survive Stay alive or stay with
Niche A role an organism plays in its environment
Camouflage Characteristics that blend in with the surrounding environment that increase chances of
survivalMimicry The resemblance of an organism to another organism or to its surroundings that gives it a
better chance of survivalMigration The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another
Hibernation When an animal becomes still in an enclosed space and reduces bodily functions to save
energyPredator An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism
Prey An animal that is hunted as food
Habitat A place or environment in which an organism naturally lives
5.10B Inherited Traits and Learned Behaviors
Organism A living thing
Inherited Trait A characterisitic that is passed from parents to offspring during reproduction
Learned Behavior Animal behavior that develops from observation or instruction rather than being passed
down by heredityOffspring New organisms that have come from parents that have reproduced
Trait Characteristic of an organism
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring during reproduction
5.10C Metamorphosis
Egg The first stage in the life cycle of many organisms including birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish,
and insectsLarva The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism resembles a worm
Pupa The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism seems to be at rest and
new body parts are formingAdult A fully grown organism that can reproduce
Nymph The stage of Incomplete Metamorphosis during which an insect eats and grows, and
resembles a smaller version of the adultLife Cycle The stages in an organism's life from birth to death
Complete
Metamorphosis
The type of development consisting of four distinct stages-- egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Incomplete
Metamorphosis
The type of development consisting of three stages-- eggs, nymph, and adult
Stage Specific time during life or growth