54483081 Carbonyl Compounds Xi Xii Study Materials

7/23/2019 54483081 Carbonyl Compounds Xi Xii Study Materials

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/54483081-carbonyl-compounds-xi-xii-study-materials 1/171

1<8

:5' LJQAKG_D LKMXKYGC\

JDCIE_CI\ JGC BISKGI\

H Ogsqkcylsokg

H \sqylsyqi jgc ldj||ofoljsokg

H Gkmigldjsyqi jgc o|kmiq|

H Nigiqjd misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg

H Xqkxiqsoi| - xe|oljd jgc leimoljd qidjsic sk |sqylsyqi

H Bgk~dicni kf Ljqajgokg jccosokg qijlsokg|'

H Dijqg jakys Lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg|'

H Co|soglsokg ais~iig jdcieci| jgc biskgi|'

H Y|i|'

H Nigiqjd misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg kf jqkmjsol jdcieci| jgc jqkmjsol

biskgi|'

H Xqkxiqsoi| - Xe|oljd jgc Leimoljd - qidjsic sk |sqylsyqi'

H Co|soglsokg ais~iig jdoxejsol jdcieci jgc jqkmjsol jdcieci'

H Co|soglsokg ais~iig jdoxejsol biskgi| jgc jqkmjsol biskgi|'

H Y|i| kf jqkmjsol jdiceci| jgc biskgi|'





1<1

Sei nigiqjd fkqmydj ljg ai

Q Q

L = K L = K

E Q.

êig Q = Q. = E sejs qixqi|igs| fkqmjdcieci$ sei |omxdi|s mimaiq kf

seo| |iqoi|' Q jgc Q. ljg ai jdbd kq jqd'

Of Q o| jg jqjdbd nqkyx ~i ejvi jg jqjdbd jdcieci %i'n'$/ xeigd

jlisjdcieci

L6E9LE1L = K

E

:5': GKMIGLDJSYQI

Lkmmkg gjmi| kf jdcieci| jqi ciqovic fqkm sei lkmmkg gjmi| kf

ljqakudol jloc kq a jccogn sei |yffou —jdcieci” sk sei xqifou sejs ogcoljsi|

sei lejog dignse'

LE<LKKE LE

<LEK L

3E

?LEK

Jlisol jloc Jlisjdcieci Xigsjgjdieci

Og sei OYXJL ||sim$ sei xqifou ogcoljsogn sei dignse kf sei ljqakg

lejog o| fkddk~ic a sei |yffou jd og xdjli kf ―i‟'

LE<LE

1LE

1LEK

Aysjgi " jd = aysjgjd

\ogli sei jdcieci nqkyx o| jd~j| xqi|igs og sei igc os o| gks |ek~g a

jg gymaiq'

Lkmmkg gjmi fkq biskgi| o| jqqovic js a jccogn sei |yffou ――biskgi‟‟

sk sei gjmi kf jdbd nqkyx| xqi|igs

LE<LKLE

1LE

<

Ised mised biskgi



1<<

J biskgi o| gjmic a jccogn sei |yffou ―kgi‟ og xdjli kf ―i‟ og sei gjmi

kf sei xjqigs ecqkljqakg'

LE<LE

1LKLE

1LE

<<-xigsjgkgi

Sei gymaiq kf ljqakg fkqmogn sei bisk nqkyx |ekydc ai migsokgic'

Fkq iujmxdi$ ised mised biskgi o| gjmic j| 1-aysjgkgi og sei OYXJL

gjmi'

Fkqmydj Lkmmkg gjmi OYXJL gjmi

ELEK Fkqmjdcieci Misejgjd

LE<LEK Jlisjdcieci Isejgjd

O|kaysqjdcieci 1-mised xqkxjgjd

LE1 = LE“LEK Jlqkdog kq jlqjdcieci 1-xqkxigjd

LE<

LE = LE LEK Lqkskgjdcieci 1-aysigjd

L6E9LEK Aigpjdcieci Xeigd misejgjd

L6E

9LE = LE“LEK Loggjmjdcieci <-xeigd-1-xqkxigjd

LE<LEKE “ LE1 LEK jdckd <-ecqku aysjgjd

LE<

tLE<

“LELEK



1<3

BISKGI\


LE<LKLE

<Jliskgi Xqkxjgkgi

LE<LKLE

1LE

<Ised mised biskgi 1-aysjgkgi

LE<LE

1LKLE

1LE

<Coised biskgi <-xigsjgkgi

LE< LKLE1LE1LE< mised$ g-xqkxd biskgi 1-xigsjgkgiK

ttLE

<“ LLE

1LE = LE

1Jddd mised biskgi 3-xigsigi-1-kgi

O\KMIQO\M

Jdcieci| iueoaos %o/ lejog o|kmiqo|m jgc %oo/ fyglsokgjd o|kmiqo|m'

Lejog O|kmiqo|m jqo|i| cyi sk lejgni| og ljqakg lejog'

%o/ LE<

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ LEK jgc LE<

aysjgjd tLE

<“ LE “ LEK

1-mised xqkxjgjd

%oo/ LE< LE1 LE1 LE1 LEK LE<Xigsjgjd t

E<L “ L “ LEK

tLE

<1$1-comised xqkxjgjd

Fyglsokgjd o|kmiqo|m 0

Jdcieci| jqi fyglsokgjd o|kmiq| kf biskgi| jgc yg|jsyqjsic jdlkekd|'

KLE

<LE

1LEK tt LE

1= LE “ LE

1KE

xqkxjgjdcieci LE<

“ L “ LE<

yg|jsyqjsic jdlkekd

jliskgi 1-xqkxig-:-kd

Biskgi| iueoaos lejog o|kmiqo|m jgc misjmiqo|m'Lejog o|kmiqo|m 0

K Ktt tt

LE<

LE1

LE1

L “ LE<

LE<

“ LE “ L “ LE<

t1-xigsjgkgi

LE<

<-mised-1-aysjgkgi



1<9

Xk|osokgjd O|kmiqo|m 0

Sei ljqakgd nqkyx mj kllyx coffiqigs xk|osokg| og sei ljqakg lejog

sk novi Xk|osokgjd O|kmiq|'

K K

tt tt

LE<

“ LE1

“ L “ LE1

“ LE<

LE<

LE1

LE1

“ L “ LE<

<-xigsjgkgi 1-xigsjgkgi

:5'< NIGIQJD MISEKC\ KF XQIXJQJSOKG

:' %j/ Kuocjsokg kf jdlkekd| ~ose jloc coleqkmjsi 0Xqomjq jdlkekd| novi jdcieci|

\ilkgcjq jdlkekd| novi biskgi|'

B1Lq

1K

> +E"

LE<

“ LE “K LE<

LE = K " E1K

t t " jlisjdcieci

E E %K/

xqomjq jdlkekd

ised jdlkekd

%LE</1

L “ K " B1Lq

1K

> +E"

t t %LE</1

L = K " E1K

E E %K/ jliskgi

|ilkgcjq jdlkekd %o|kxqkxd jdlkekd/

%a/ Ljsjdsol kuocjsokg 0 A xj||ogn j mousyqi kf jdlkekd vjxkyq| jgc

joq kviq |odviq ljsjd|s js 918 B jdcieci kq biskgi o| fkqmic'

K1 +Jn

LE<

LE1

KE LE<LEK

918B jlisjdcieci

K1 +Jn

%LE</1

LEKE %LE</1

LK918B

jliskgi



1<6

%l/ A sei ljsjdsol ciecqknigjsokg kf jdlkekd|' Sei vjxkyq| kf jdlkekd

jqi xj||ic kviq eijsic lkxxiq js 9>< B novi| jdcieci kq biskgi'

9>< BQLE “ K QLE = K " E

1

t tLy

jdcieci

E E

:k jdlkekd

9><BLE

<

“ LEKE LE<

“ LEK " E1t Ly jlisjdcieci

E

Ised jdlkekd

Q1

L “ K9>< B

t t Q1L = K " E

1

E ELy

biskgi

1k jdlkekd

LE<

9><B

LE<

L “ K L = K " E1

LE<

t tLy

LE<

E E

O|kxqkxd jdlkekd jliskgi

1' Cq Co|soddjsokg' A sei co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym |jds kf fjss jloc| ~ose

ljdloym fkqmjsi - jdcieci o| fkqmic'

LE<LKK KLKE

Lj " Lj

LE<LKK KLKE

Ljdloym jlisjsi Ljdloym fkqmjsi Jlisjdcieci

∆LE

<

t1 EL=K " 1LjLK<



1<>

A sei co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym |jds kf fjss jloc$ biskgi o| fkqmic'

LE<LKK∆

LE<

Lj t " LjLK<

LE<LKK

LE<

“ L = K

ljdloym jlisjsi jliskgi

<' Y|i kf jloc ledkqoci 0

%o/ Qk|igmygc Qicylsokg' Jloc ledkqoci| jqi qicylic sk jdcieci|

a ecqknig og xqi|igli kf xjddjcoym |y|xigcic og ajqoym |ydxejsi j|

ljsjd|s'

Q “ L = KXc

Q “ L = K " ELd

t t

Ld " E “ E Aj\K3

E

XcLE

<“ L = K " E

1LE

<“ L = K " ELd

tAj\K

3 t

Ld E

jlisd ledkqoci jlisjdcieci

J| fkqmd ledkqoci o| yg|sjadi js qkkm simxiqjsyqi$ fkqmjdcieci ljggks

ai xqixjqic a seo| misekc'

Seo| o| ljddic Qk|igmygc‟| qicylsokg' Aj\K3

o| y|ic j| j ljsjdsol

xko|kg$ sk |skx sei qicylsokg js sei |sjni kf jdcieci' Kseiq~o|i$ sei

jdcieci fkqmic ~odd ai fyqseiq qicylic sk xqomjq jdlkekd'

%oo/ Y|ogn Cojdbd ljcmoym' Biskgi| ljg ai xqixjqic a sei jlsokg kf

kqnjgkmisjddol qijnigs kg jloc ledkqoci|' %i'n'$/ Cojdbd ljcmoym o| sei

qijnigs kf lekoli'

Q “ L = K K = L “ Q 1Q “ L = K " LcLd1

t Lc t t

Ld Ld Q.

Q. Q.



1<5

3' A sei ecqkd|o| kf nim coejdoci|

%o/ J nim coejdoci o| j lkmxkygc og ~eole s~k ejdknig jskm| jqi

jssjleic sk sei |jmi ljqakg' Jdcieci| jqi xqixjqic a ecqkd|o| kf nim

coejdoci| og ~eole s~k ejdknig jskm| jqi jssjleic sk sei siqmogjd ljqakg

jskm y|ogn jdbjdo'

Ld KE“E1K

LE<“ LE " 1 GjKE LE

<LE LE

<LEK

Ld KE

isedocigi ledkqoci jlisjdcieci

%oo/ Biskgi| jqi xqixjqic a ecqkd|o| kf j nimcoejdoci| og ~eole s~k

ejdknig| jqi jssjleic sk gkg siqmogjd ljqakg jskm'

LE<

LdEKE

LE<

KE LE<

L " 1 GjKE L L = K

LE<

Ld LE<

KE LE<

1$1-coledkqk xqkxjgi jliskgi

9' A kpkgkd|o| 0

Kpkgi fkqm| jccosokg xqkcyls ~ose kdifog ljddic kpkgoci$ ~eole kg

qicylsovi ldijvjni novi| jdcieci kq biskgi'

K

Pg+ELdQLE = LEQ. " K< QLE LEQ. QLE " Q. LE

tt tt " E1K

K K K K

%Kpkgoci/ %Jdcieci/

K

Pg+ELdQ

1L = LQ.

1" K

<Q

1L LQ.

1Q

1L " Q.

1L " E

1K

tt ttK K

K K %biskgi/

%kpkgoci/

“E1K



1<?

Sey| of fkqmjdcieci o| kasjogic$ sejs ogcoljsi| seixqi|igli kf ckyadi

akgc js sei siqmogjd ljqakg' Eigli sk dkljsi sei xk|osokg kf ckyadi akgc$

kpkgkd|o| o| eidxfyd'

6' A sei kuocjsovi ldijvjni kf :$ 1-cokd| y|ogn xiqokcol jloc'

L“L akgc og :$1-cokd| o| ldijvic a xiqokcol jloc'

Q-LEKE EOK3

QLEK " Q.LEK

t Jdcieci|

Q.-LEKE

LE<

“ LEKEEOK3t 1LE

<LEK

LE<

“ LEKE jlisjdcieci

aysjgi-1$<-cokd

Q1

“L KEEOK

3t Q

1LK " Q.

1LK

Q.1“L KE %biskgi/

%LE</1

“ L “ KEEOK

3t 1LE

<LKLE

<

%LE</1

“ L “ KE jliskgi

aysjgi-1$<-comised-1$<-cokd

>' Ecqjsokg kf Jdbgi|

A sei ecqjsokg kf jdbgi| og 31) |ydxeyqol jloc lkgsjogogn En\K3

j|

j ljsjd|s' Jlisjdcieci o| kasjogic ~eig jlisdigi o| y|ic' Jliskgi o|

kasjogic y|ogn xqkxgi'

%Jlisdigi/ LE ≪ LEE"

LE<LEK %jlisjdcieci/

E1

“ KEn1"

%Xqkxgi/ LE<L ≪ LE

E"

LE<LKLE

<%jliskgi/

K “ E1

En1"

'''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''



138

5' \sixeig‟| qijlsokg 0

Jdcieci ljg ai xqixjqic a \sixeig‟| qijlsokg$ a sei qicylsokg kf

jdbd ljgoci co||kdvic og iseiq ~ose \sjggky| ledkqoci jgc ecqkledkqol

jloc'

LE<

“ L ≪ G\gLd

1LE

<LE = GE'ELd

E “ EELd

mised ljgoci

Omogomym ecqk ledkqoci

K “ E1

Ecqkd|o|

LE< LE = GE'ELd LE<LEK " GE3Ldjlisjdcieci

:5'<': XQKXIQSOI\

Xe|oljd xqkxiqsoi|

Iulixs fkqmjdcieci %j nj|/ sei kseiq dk~iq mimaiq| kf jdcieci| jgc

biskgi| jqi vkdjsodi dozyoc| jgc sei eoneiq mimaiq| jqi ~ju |kdoc|' Biskgi|

ejvi xdij|jgs kckyq' Sei ejvi akodogn xkogs| eoneiq sejg ecqkljqakg|

%xkdjq gjsyqi kf ljqakgd nqkyx/ jgc dk~iq sejg jdlkekd| %ja|igli kf “KE

nqkyx/' \kdyaodos kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc| cilqij|i| ~ose sei oglqij|i og

seioq mkdilydjq mj||i|' Ailjy|i ~ose sei oglqij|i og sei dignse kf ljqakg

lejog sei ljxjlos kf sei ljqakgd nqkyx sk fkqm ecqknig akgc| ~ose ~jsiq

cilqij|i|'

Leimoljd Lejqjlsiqo|sol|

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| lkgsjog sei ljqakgd nqkyx 7L = K' Kunig

aiogn mkqi idilsqk ginjsovi$ sei 7L = K akgc o| xkdjqo|ic |k sejs kunig

ailkmi| ginjsovid lejqnic jgc ljqakg xk|osovid lejqnic'

L = K L" “ K“

:' Seiqifkqi sei gyldikxeodol qijnigs| jssjlb sei idilsqkg cifoloigs ljqakgd

ljqakg'

L = K L “ K“

t

Gy Gy“



13:

Akse lejqnic jgc yglejqnic gyldikxeodi| ljg jssjlb sei ljqakgd ljqakg

sk fkqm jccosokg xqkcyls|' Seo| o| sei mk|s lkmmkg qijlsokg fkq jdcieci|

jgc biskgi|'

1' Jgkseiq bogc kf qijlsokg kf jdcieci| jgc biskgi| ~eole lkgsjog jsdij|s

kgi κ-ecqknig jskm'

E ““ LE1

A“

LE1κ

L = K L = K " AE

Q Q%Cixqkskgjsokg kf κ-ecqknig fkqmogn ljqajgokg/

κ-ecqknig o| sei ecqknig jssjleic sk sei κ-ljqakg kf sei ljqakgd

nqkyx' Seo| ecqknig o| jlocol$ eigli j |sqkgn aj|i %GjKE$ L1E

9KGj/ ljg

qimkvi seo| ecqknig j| j xqkskg$ nigiqjsogn j ljqajgokg kf sei jdcieci kq

biskgi' Sei ljqajgokg aiogn gyldikxeodi aqogn| fkqse gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg

jg idilsqkg cifoloigs ljqakg$ gkqmjdd ljqakgd ljqakg dijcogn sk

lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg'

Qijlsovos 0

Jdcieci| jqi mkqi qijlsovi sejg biskgi| fkq akse |siqol jgc idilsqkgol

qij|kg|'

Sei xqi|igli kf jdbd nqkyx oglqij|i| sei lqk~cogngijq ljqakgd nqkyx

jgc jd|k oglqij|i| sei idilsqkg cig|os js sei ljqakgd ljqakg a Ogcylsovi

iffils' %"O iffils/

E Q Q

L = K L = K L = K

E E QMk|s qijlsovi di|| dij|s

Qijlsokg| lkmmkg sk jdcieci| jgc biskgi|'

%j/ Qijlsokg| kf jdbd nqkyx' %a/ Qijlsokg kf ljqakgd nqkyx'

%j/ Qijlsokg| kf jdbd nqkyx 0

Og jdcieci| sei κκκκκ-ecqknig jskm| jqi mkqi ij|od qixdjlic sejg og

biskgi|'

“



131

LE<LEK " <Ld

1LLd

<LEK " <ELd

%Jlisjdcieci/ %Sqoledkqk jlisjdcieci/

LE<LKLE

<" <Ld

1LLd

<LKLE

<" <ELd

%Jliskgi/ %Sqoledkqk jliskgi/

Seo| qijlsokg xqkliic| ~ose sei fkqmjsokg kf ljqajgokg'

“Ld

LE<

“E"LE

1 Ld “ Ldt

L = K L = K LE1

L = K " Ld“Q

Q Q%biskgi/ %ljqajgokg/ %κ-ledkqkbiskgi/

%a/ Jccosokg qijlsokg|'

Sei ljqakg kf sei ljqakgd nqkyx o| sei |osi kf gyldikxeodol jssjlb' %U“

o| j gyldikxeodi/'

L = K E ““ U L “ KEtU

Sei ginjsovi xjqs kf sei jccigcym jcc| sk sei ljqakg jgc sei xk|osovi

xjqs sk sei kunig'

Og sei jccosokg kf |kcoym ao|ydxeosi sk novi ao|ydxeosi lkmxkygc“ K\K

1Gj jgokg o| sei gyldikxeodi'

KE

L = K " E K\KKGj L

K\K1Gj

LE<LEK " EK\K

1Gj LE

<KE

L

E K\K1Gj

jlisjdcieci ao|ydxeosi lkmxkygcLE

<

L = K " EK\K1Gj LE

<KE

E<L L

E<L K\K

1Gj

jliskgi ao|ydxeosi



13<

Jdckd Lkgcig|jsokg 0

Seo| qijlsokg o| ljsjd|ic a aj|i' Sei ljqajgokg nigiqjsic o| gyldikxeodol

og gjsyqi' Eigli os ljg aqogn jakys gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg ljqakgd nqkyx'

\six : 0

Sei ljqajgokg o| fkqmic j| sei κκκκκ-ecqknig jskm o| qimkvic j| j xqkskg

a sei aj|i'

KE“ “LE

<“ L = K LE

1“ L = K " E

1K

t tE E

\six 1 0

Sei ljqajgokg jssjlb| sei ljqakgd ljqakg kf jgkseiq ygokgo|ic jdcieci

mkdilydi'

E E

t t“

LE<

“ L = K LE<“ L “ K

“t

LE1

“ LEK LE1

“ LEK

jdbkuoci okg

\six < 0

Sei jdbkuoci okg fkqmic o| xqkskgjsic a ~jsiq sk novi ―jdckd‟'

E

E “ KE

E

t“

t“

LE<

“ L “ K LE<

“ L “ KE " KE

t t

LE1LEK LE

1LEK

Jdckd

Jliskgi jd|k ygciqnki| seo| sxi kf lkgcig|jsokg j| |ek~g'

““

LE<

“ L = KKE

LE1

“ L = K " E1K

t t

LE<

LE<

Jliskgi Ljqajgokg



133

“LE< “ L = K LE< “ L “ K

t

LE<

LE<

“LE

1LKLE

< LE1LKLE

<

%Gyldikxeodol jssjlb/

“LE

<“ L “ K

E1K

LE<

KE

LE<

XqkskgjsokgL

LE1LKLE

<LE

1LKLE

<LE

<

êig jg jdcieci jgc j biskgi qijls og sei |jmi ~j os o| ljddic―lqk||ic

jdckd lkgcig|jsokg‟'

“ “LE

<“ L = K KE LE

1“ L = K " E

1K

t t

E E

E<L LE

<

L = K L ““ K

E<L LE

1“ LEK E

<L LE

1LEK

LE<

K

E1K

LE<

KE

L L

E<L LE

1LEK E

<L LE

1LEK

Lejqjlsiqo|sol| kf Jdckd lkgcig|jsokg 0

%o/ Os o| jg oqqiviq|oadi lejgni'

%oo/ Os o| jg jccosokg qijlsokg ~ose kq ~osekys idomogjsokg kf ~jsiq'

%ooo/ J gi~ ljqakg sk ljqakg dogbjni o| |is yx'

%ov/ Sei jdckd| fkqmic ij|od idomogjsi ~jsiq sk fkqm yg|jsyqjsic

“

“

“



139

lkmxkygc|' Fkq iujmxdi jdckd kg eijsogn novi| lqkskgjdcieci'

LE< “ LE “ LE'LEK∆

LE< “ LE = LE “ LEK

t t

KE E“E

1K

Lqkskgjdcieci

%v/ Seo| qijlsokg o| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc| ejvogn κ-

ecqknig jskm' Of seiqi o| gk κκκκκ-ecqknig jskm og sei ljqakgd lkmxkygc$

jdckd lkgcig|jsokg cki| gks sjbi xdjli'

ELEK$ L6E

9LEK$ L

6E

9LKL

6E

9'

Fkqmjdcieci$ Aigpjdcieci Aigpkxeigkgi

%oo/ Jccosokg kf ecqknig ljgoci

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| qijls ~ose ecqknig ljgoci sk fkqm ljgkecqog'

Sei qijlsokg o| ljqqoic kys og sei xqi|igli kf aj|i j| j ljsjd|s'

Q Q KE

L = K " ELG L

Q. Q. LG

Ljgk ecqog

Milejgo|m 0 Sei milejgo|m ogvkdvi| sei fkddk~ogn |six| 0

\six : 0 Sei aj|i qimkvi| j xqkskg fqkm ecqknig ljgoci sk xqkcyli

ljgoci okg'

“ “ELG " KE E

1K " LG

Gyldikxeodi

\six 1 0 Sei ljgoci okg jssjlb| sei ljqakgd ljqakg sk fkqm jg jgokg'

“

“K

L = K " LG L

LG



136

\six < 0 Sei xqkskg fqkm sei |kdvigs lkmaogi| ~ose sei jgokg sk novi

ljgkecqog'

K“ KE

L " E" L

LG LG

Ljgk ecqog

Dobi kseiq gosqodi| ljgkecqog ljg ai ecqkd|ic sk novi ljqakudol

jloc'

E" +E1K

LE<

“ LE “ LG LE<

“ LE “ LKKE

t∆

t

KE KE

Jlisjdcieci ljgkecqog Djlsol jloc

Seo| o| j viq iffoloigs misekc kf xqixjqogn djlsol jloc jgc kseiq

κ-ecqku jloc| dobi Mjgcidol jloc %L6E

9LEKE LKKE/'

Nqongjqc jccosokg

Nqongjqc jccosokg sk jdcieci| jgc biskgi| jqi gyldikxeodol jccosokg'

Sei jccosokg xqkcyls fkqmic o| ecqkd|ic sk jdlkekd|'

Q E

<K"

Q U

L = K " Q MnU L L " Mn

KMnU KE KE

Fkqmjdcieci novi| xqomjq jdlkekd jgc kseiq jdcieci| novi |ilkgcjq

jdlkekd ~ose Nqongjqc qijnigs' Biskgi| novi siqsojq jdlkekd'

LE<

LE<

t E1K t

%o/ E “ L = K " LE< “ MnO E “ L “ KMnO E “ L “ KE

t t t

E E E

fkqmjdcieci xqomjq jdlkekd

%ised jdlkekd/



13>

%oo/ LE<LE

<

tE

1K

t

LE<

“ L = K " LE<“MnO LE

<“ L “ KMnO LE

<“ L “ KE

t t t

E E Ejlisjdcieci \ilkgcjq jdlkekd

O|k xqkxd jdlkekd

LE<

LE<

%ooo/ tE

1K

t

LE<

“ L = K " LE<

“ MnO LE<

“ L “ KMnO LE<

“ L “ KE

t t t

LE< LE< LE<

jliskgi siqsojq aysd jdlkekd

Jccosokg kf jmmkgoj

Fkqmjdcieci jgc biskgi| ck gks fkqm jccosokg lkmxkygc| ~osejmmkgoj' Sei oidc lkmxdiu lkgcig|jsokg xqkcyls|' Kseiq jdcieci| fkqmjccosokg xqkcyls ~ose lkmxdiu |sqylsyqi'

Iujmxdi| 0 Jlisjdcieci fkqm| |omxdi xqkcyls ~eodi kseiq| fkqm

xqkcyls| ~ose lkmxdiu |sqylsyqi ~ose jmmkgoj'

LE< LE< KE “E1K

L = K " EGE1 L LE<LE = GE

E E GE1Jdcomogi

Jlisjdcieci jmmkgoj

Fkqmjdcieci fkqm| eiujmisedigi sisqjmogi ~ose GE<'

6LE1K " 3GE

<%LE

1/6

G3

" 6E1K

eiuj misedigi sisqjmogi

Seo| o| y|ic j| Yqogjq jgso|ixsol og micologi$ og sei gjmi kf ―Yqksqkxogi‟'

G

t

E1L LE1 LE1t

G

LE1

LE1

G G

LE1



135

Aigpjdcieci ygciqnki| lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg ~ose jmmkgoj sk fkqm

ecqkaigpjmoci'

L6E

9LE = K E

1G “ E

" " K = LEL6E

9L

6E

9LE= G

L6E

9LE = K E

1G “ E LEL

6E

9

L6E9LE= G

Ecqk aigpjmoci

Jliskgi ~ose jmmkgoj fkqm| jliskgi jmmkgoj ogosojdd js qkkm

simxiqjsyqi' Kg eijsogn os fkqm| cojliskgi jmogi'

LE<

LE<

t t

LE<

“ L = K " EGE1

LE<

“ L “ KE

t

GE1

jliskgi jmmkgoj

LE<

LE<t

eone simxt

LE<

“ L “ KE " LE<

“ L “ LE<

LE<

“ L “ LE1

“ L “ LE<

t tt“E

1K

t tt

GE1

K GE1

K

cojliskgi jmogi

:' Qijlsokg ~ose ecqkudjmogi 0 Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| qijls ~ose

ecqkudjmogi sk fkqm kuomi|'

KE

%j/ LE<

LE = K " EGE KE LE<

“ LE

GEKE

jlisjdcieci ecqkudjmogi

“E1K

LE<“LE = GKE

jlisjdcieci kuomi

''



13?

%a/ KE“E

1K

L6E

9LEK " EGEKE L

6E

9“ LE L

6E

9“LE = GKE

aigpjdcieci GEKE Aigpjdckuomi

LE<

LE<

KE

“E1K

E<L

L = K " EGEKE L L = GKE

LE< LE< GEKE E<L

Jliskgi kuomi

1' Qijlsokg ~ose ecqjpogi %GE1“GE1/

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| qijls ~ose ecqjpogi sk fkqm ecqjpkgi|'

LE<

LE<

KE

“E1K

LE<

L = K " GEGE1

L L = GGE1

E E GEGE1

E

jlisjdcieci jlisjdcieci ecqjpkgi

LE<

LE<

KE

“E1K

LE<

L = K " E “ GEGE1

L L = GGE1

LE<

LE<

GEGE1

LE<

Jliskgi Jliskgi ecqjpkgi

<' Qijlsokg ~ose xeigd ecqjpogi L6E

9GEGE

1

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| qijls ~ose xeigd ecqjpogi sk fkqm xeigd

ecqjpkgi|'

%j/

%a/

''

''

L6E

9L

6E

9KE

“E1K

L6E

9

L = K " EGEGEL6E

9L L = GGEL

6E

9

E E GEGEL6E

9E

LE<

LE<

KE“E

1K

LE<

L = K " EGEGEL6E9 L L = GGEL6E9

LE< LE< GEGEL6E9 LE<

jliskgi xeigd

ecqjpkgi

aigpjdciecixeigd ecqjpkgi

aigpjdcieci

jliskgi



198

3' Qijlsokg ~ose |imoljqajpoci GE1GELKGE

1

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| qijls ~ose |imoljqajpoci sk fkqm |imoljqajpkgi'

%j/ LE<

LE<

KE

L = K " EGEGELKGE1

L

Ejlisjdcieci

E GEGELKGE1

“E1K

LE<

L = G“GELKGE1E

jlisjdcieci |imoljqajpkgi

%a/ L6E

9L

6E

9KE

L = K " EGEGELKGE1

L

E E GEGELKGE1

Aigpjdcieci

“E1K

L6E

9

L = GGELKGE1

E

aigpjdicieci |imoljqajpkgi

Qicylsokg kf jdcieci| jgc biskgi|

Sei xqkcyls| kf qicylsokg cixigc| yxkg sei qijnigs| y|ic jgc sei

lkgcosokg| kf qijlsokg|' Eigli j vjqois kf qijnigs| jqi y|ic fkq qicylsokg'

%o/ Ljsjdsol qicylsokg 0Jdcieci| jqi qicylic sk xqomjq jdlkekd| a

ecqknig nj| og xqi|igli kf xdjsogym misjd j| j ljsjd|s'

QE

1 +Xs

Q

L = K LEKE

E E



19:

Biskgi kg ljsjdsol qicylsokg novi| |ilkgcjq jdlkekd'

QXs

L = K Q1LEKE

Q E ““ E

LE<

Xs

LE<

L = K LE“KE

LE<

E““EE

1 LE<

O|kxqkxd jdlkekd

Os o| jg iujmxdi kf eisiqknigiky| qijlsokg'

Qicylsokg y|ogn misjd ecqoci| 0

Misjd ecqoci| dobi Doseoym jdymogoym Ecqoci %DoJdE3/ \kcoym

akqkecqoci %GjAE3/ qicyli seim sk jdlkekd|'

Sei|i jqi ―Ecqoci okg‟ %E“/ ckgkq|' Ecqoci okg o| j gyldikxeodi'

Eigli os o| gyldikxeodol jccosokg qijlsokg'

LE< GjAE

3

LE<

E"LE

<KE

L = K L “ K“ L

E E“ E E E E

Jlisjdcieci Isejgkd

%a/ Qicylsokg kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc| sk ecqkljqakg|'

%o/ Ldimmig|okg Qicylsokg 0

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| ljg ai qicylic sk ecqkljqakg| a pogl jmjdnjm

jgc lkg'ELd'

LE< Pg+En

LE<

L = K " 3 %E/ LE1

" E1K

E<L ELd LE<

%Xqkxjgi/

Seo| qijlsokg xqkliic| a idilsqkg jccosokg sk ljqakgd ljqakg fkddk~ic

a xqkskgjsokg' Pogl misjd o| sei idilsqkg |kyqli'



191

Og sei ja|igli kf miqlyq$ ecqknig nj| ~odd ai ivkdvic jgc sei qicylsokg

o| oglkmxdisi' Seo| qicylsokg o| ljddic Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg'

%oo/ Qicylsokg ygciq |sqkgnd aj|ol lkgcosokg 0

^kdff-Bo|egiq Qicylsokg

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| jqi qicylic sk ecqkljqakg| a eijsogn ~ose

ecqjpogi jgc |kcoym isekuoci'

LE< G

1E

3

LE<

L = K LE1

" G1

" E1K

EL

1E

9KGj

E

Ecqjpkgi| jqi fkqmic j| ogsiqmicojsi|' Sei aj|i qimkvi| sei “GE1

ecqknig jskm| j| xqkskg| nigiqjsogn ljqajgokg' Xqkskg jccosokg sk

ljqajgokg novi| jdbjgi|'

LE<

L = GGE1

E

Ecqjpkgi

Seo| o| ljddic ^kdff-Bo|egiq qicylsokg'

Kuocjsokg 0

Jdcieci| ejvi akgc ~eole o| qi|xkg|oadi fkq seioq qicylognxqkxiqsoi|' Biskgi| ck gks ejvi |yle j |sqylsyqi jgc jqi gks qicylogn jnigs|'

Jdd sei kuoco|ogn jnigs| dobi jlocofoic xksj||oym coleqkmjsi kq jlocofoic

kq jdbjdogi xksj||oym xiqmjgnjgjsi %xk~iqfyd kuoco|ogn jnigs|/ jgc ivig modciq

kuoco|ogn jnigs| dobi ―Skddig‟| qijnigs‟ jgc ―Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg‟ kuoco|i

jdcieci| sk mkgkljqakudol jloc| ejvogn sei |jmi gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm|'

%K/QLEK QLKKE

Jdcieci Jloc

Biskgi| jqi kuoco|ic kgd a sei |sqkgn kuoco|ogn jnigs| %jlocofoicxksj||oym coleqkmjsi kq xiqmjgnjgjsi/ sk mkgk ljqakudol jloc| ejvogn

di||iq gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm|'

LE<LKLE

<LE

<LKKE

%<l/ %1l/

“ L = K

tE



19<

0000

0000

Xkxkss‟| Qydi 0

Cyqogn kuocjsokg kf yg|mmisqol biskgi| ~ose kuoco|ogn jnigs ~eole

aqogn| jakys sei ldijvjni kf L“L akgc$ sei |mjddiq jdbd nqkyx nki|

xqifiqigsojdd ~ose sei ljqakgd nqkyx qi|ydsogn og sei ljqakudol jloc|'

j K a

tt

LE<

““ L ““ LE1“ LE

1“ LE

<

― j‟ ldijvjni ― a‟ ldijvjni

ELKKE LE<“LE

1“LE

1“LKKE LE

<LKKE LE

<LE

1LKKE

g-aysqol jloc

jlisol jloc xqkxokgol jloc

LK1

" E1K

mogkq xqkcyls| mj`kq xqkcys|

Ailjy|i jdcieci| jqi ij|od kuoco|ic$ sei jqi qicylogn jnigs|' Sei

qicyli jmmkgoljd |odviq gosqjsi %Skddig‟| qijnigs/ sk misjddol |odviq jgc

Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg %lkxxiq |ydxejsi$ |kcoym xksj||oym sjqsqjsi/ sk qic lyxqky|

kuoci'

LE<LEK " 1Jn" " <KE“ LE<LKK“ " 1Jn " 1E1KJlisjdcieci Jlisjsi okg %|odviq moqqkq/

LE<LEK " 1Ly1" " 9KE“ LE

<LKK“ " Ly

1K " <E

1K

%adyi/ %qic xqiloxosjsi/

lyxqol okg lyxqky| okg

Jdoxejsol jdcieci| qi|skqi sei kqonogjd lkdkyq %qic-xogb/ kf sei \leoff.|

qijnigs' %~eig \K1

o| xj||ic seqkyne ogsig|id xogb lkdkyqic \leoff‟| qijnigs

og ~jsiq' Os fkqm| j lkdkyqdi|| |kdysokg' Seo| lkdkyqdi|| |kdysokg o| y|ic fkq

seo| si|s/' Seo| o| lejqjlsiqo|sol si|s fkq jdcieci|' Biskgi| ck gks qi|skqi

seo| lkdkyq'

Xkdmiqo|jsokg 0

%o/ eig jzyiky| |kdysokg kf fkqmjdcieci o| ivjxkqjsic sk cqgi|| os

fkqm| j ~eosi lq|sjddogi xkdmiq ljddic xjqjfkqmjdcieci'



193

E Et t

g L = K “ L “ K “t t

E E g

%oo/ Jlisjdcieci xkdmiqo|i| sk j lldol |sqylsyqi ljddic xjqjdcieci

~eig j cqkx kf lkgligsqjsic |ydxeyqol jloc o| jccic sk os'

LE<

lkg'E1\K

3

t

<LE<

LEK LE

K K

LE<LE LE“LE<

K

Xjqjdcieci

Aigpjdcieci cki| gks ygciqnk xkdmiqo|jsokg'

:5'<'1 Y|i| kf Jdcieci| 0

%j/ 38) jzyiky| |kdysokg kf fkqmjdcieci o| bgk~g j| fkqmjdog jgc o| y|icj| j xqi|iqvjsovi fkq aokdknoljd |xilomig| jgc og dijseiq sjggogn'

%a/ J lkgcig|jsokg xqkcyls ~ose jmmkgoj$ bgk~g j| ―yqksqkxogi‟ o| y|ic

og micologi fkq yqogjq ogfilsokg'

%l/ Og sei xqkli|| kf ―Vjs ciogn‟ sk cilkdkyqo|i vjs ci| a qicylsokg'

%c/ Og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf xkdmiqol qi|og ljddic Ajbidosi %j lkgcig|jsokg

xkdmiq ~ose xeigkd/'

Jlisjdcieci 0

%o/ Fkq |odviqogn kf moqqkq'

%oo/ Os| sqomiq ―xjqjdcieci‟ o| exgksol'

%ooo/Og sei xqixjqjsokg kf djqni gymaiq kf kqnjgol lkmxkygc| |yle j|

ledkqkfkqm$ jlisol jloc$ isejgkd$ djlsol jloc isl'



199

Zyi|sokg|'

:' êole jmkgn sei fkddk~ogn qicyli| %j/ Skddig‟| qijnigs kgd

%a/ Skddig‟| jgc Fiedogn |kdysokg %l/ Gkgi

L6E

9LEK$ LE

<LEK$ LE

<LKLE

<$ ELEK

Jg|~iq|' %j/ L6E

9LEK %a/ LE

<LEK$ ELEK %l/ LE

<LKLE

<

1' Ek~ ljg sei fkddk~ogn ai xqixjqic ; Novi izyjsokg|'

1-aysigjd fqkm jlisjdcieci'

Ldyi 0 KE“ ∆LE

<LEK LE

<LEKE LE

1LEK LE

<LE = LELEK

E1K

:5'3 JQKMJSOL JDCIE_CI\

Og jqkmjsol jdcieci|$ sei jdcieci nqkyx o| coqilsd jssjleic sk aigpigi

qogn'

Gjmi| kf Jqkmjsol jdcieci|

Fkqmydj Lkmmkg Gjmi OYXJL gjmi

L6E

9LEK Aigpjdcieci Xeigd misejgjd

L6E

9LE

1LEK Xeigd jlisjdcieci Xeigd isejgjd

\jdoldjdcieci 1-ecqku

aigpjdcieci

L6E

9LE = LE“LEK Loggjmjdcieci <-xeigd xqkx-1-igjd

Aigpjdcieci 0 Xeigd misejgjd %OYXJL/

:5'9 XQIXJQJSOKG:' Skdyigi o| kuoco|ic a leqkmoym sqokuoci jgc jlisol jgecqoci kq

leqkmd ledkqoci kq joq og xqi|igli kf V1K

9js >>< B'

%K/L6E9LE< L6E9LEK " E1K

Skdyigi joq+V1K

9Aigpjdcieci

>><B

LEK

LEK

KE



196

1' Aigpd ledkqoci o| kuoco|ic a jzyiky| dijc gosqjsi'

E1KXa%GK</1

EGK<

EGK<L

6E

9LE

1Ld L

6E

9LEK

Aigpd ledkqoci Aigpjdcieci

<' A sei ecqkd|o| kf aigpjd ledkqoci' %nim coejdoci|/

1E1K KE “E

1K

L6E

9LELd

1L

6E

9LE L

6E

9LEK

KE

%yg|sjadi/

Co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym aigpkjsi ~ose ljdloym fkqmjsi novi| aigpjdcieci'

L6E

9LKK KLKE

Lj " Lj 1L6E

9LEK " 1LjLK

<

L6E

9LKK KLKE

Ljdloym aigpkjsi %ljdloym fkqmjsi/

:5'9': Xqkxiqsoi| 0

Lkdkyqdi|| dozyoc ~ose akodogn xkogs 391 B' Os ej| sei |midd kf aossiq

jdmkgc jgc bgk~g j| kod kf aossiq jdmkgc|'

Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi| 0

L6E

9

L = K

E

Os qi|imadi| jdoxejsol jdcieci| og mjg xqkxiqsoi|'Ailjy|i kf sei xqi|igli kf aigpigi qogn sei qijlsovos sk~jqc|

gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg ljqakgd ljqakg o| cilqij|ic'

Ja|igli kf κκκκκ-ecqknig jskm ogcoljsi| sejs j ljqajgokg ljggks ai

nigiqjsic js sei κκκκκ-ljqakg' \k jdckd sxi kf lkgcig|jsokg ljggks ai

iuxilsic'

∆



19>

Xqi|igli kf aigpigi qogn mjbi| xk||oadi sei jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol

|ya|sosysokg qijlsokg'

:' Os o| kuoco|ic sk aigpkol jloc a jdbjdogi xiqmjgnjgjsi'

RK]

L6E

9LEK L

6E

9LKKE

Os cki| gks qicyli Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg$ sekyne os qicyli| Skddig| qijnigs'

Ailjy|i Jn" o| mkqi ij|od qicylic sk Jn sejg Ly1" sk Ly"

1' Os o| qicylic sk aigpd jdlkekd a GjAE3 kq DoJdE3'RE“]

L6E

9LEK L

6E

9LE

1KE

<' Os ljg ai qicylic sk skdyigi a Ldimmig|kg kq kdff Bo|egiq xqklicyqi'

Pg+En+ELd

L6E

9LEK L

6E

9LE

<kq

G1E

3 + BKE

3' Os lkgcig|i| ~ose jmmkgoj fkqmogn ecqkaigpjmoci'

9' Os ygciqnki| jccosokg jgc jccosokg idomogjsokg qijlsokg| ~ose ELG$

GjE\K<$ QMnU jgc ~ose GE

1KE$ L

6E

9GEGE

1$ GE

1LKGEGE

1'

6' Aigpjdcieci qijls| ~ose xqomjq jmogi| sk fkqm ――jdcomogi‟‟ sxi kf

lkmxkygc ljddic \leoff| aj|i'

R“E1K]

L6E

9LE=K " QGE

1L

6E

9LE L

6E

9LE=GQ

R“E1K]

L6

E9

LE=K " L6

E9

GE1

L6

E9

LE L6

E9

LE=GL6

E9

Qilkngo|i sei gyldikxeodol jccosokg fkddk~ic a idomogjsokg - xjse~j

og seo| qijlsokg'

>' Og sei ja|igli kf ljsjd|s$ledkqogi co|xdjli| jdciecol ecqknig fkqmogn

aigpkd ledkqoci'

KE

GEQ

KE

GEL6E9



195

L6E

9“ L = K L

6E

9“ L = K " ELd

t t

E Ld “ Ld Ld

5' Ljggopjqk qijlsokg 0 Aigpjdcieci ygciqnki| Ljggopjqk qijlsokg

ailjy|i kf sei ja|igli κκκκκ-ecqknig' Os ogvkdvi| |idf kuocjsokg jgc

qicylsokg kf aigpjdcieci ~eig eijsic ~ose lkgligsqjsic GjKE'

GjKE

L6E

9LEK " L

6E

9LEK L

6E

9LKKGj " L

6E

9LE

1KE

Aigpjdcieci Aigpjdcieci \kcoym aigpkjsi Aigpd jdlkekd

Sei milejgo|m ogvkdvi| sei sqjg|fiq kf ecqoci okg fqkm kgi mkdilydi

kf aigpjdcieci sk sei kseiq mkdilydi'

O |six'

Gyldikxeodol jssjlb a KE okg kg ljqakgd ljqakg'

OO |six'

Sqjg|fiq kf ecqoci okg fqkm sei jgokg sk ljqakgd ljqakg kf jgkseiq

mkdilydi'

OOO |six'

Sei aigpdkuoci okg xolb| yx sei jlocol xqkskg fqkm aigpkol jloc sk

novi aigpd jdlkekd'

Et

L6E

9“ L = K

KE

Et

L6E

9“ L “ K“

tKE

Et

L6E

9“ L “ K“ "

tKE

' '

L6E

9“ L = K

tE

L6E

9“ L = K "

tKE

Et

L6E

9“ L “ K“

tE

L6E9 “ L = K "tK“E

Et

L6E

9“ L “ K“

tE

L6E9 “ L = K "tK

Et

L6E

9“ L “ KE

tE

“

“



19?

?' Ldjo|ig kq Ldjo|ig \lemocs qijlsokg

Os qijls| ~ose jdoxejsol jdcieci| kq biskgi| og xqi|igli kf GjKE fkqmogn

κ$ α yg|jsyqjsic jdcieci kq biskgi'

GjKE“

LE<LEK LE

1LEK %Ljqajgokg/

GjKE E"

L6E

9LE = K L

6E

9LE“K“ L

6E

9LEKE

%“/LE1LEK

t t

LE1

LEK LE1

LEK

%Gyldikxeodol jssjlb/

\omodjqd$

GjKE

L6E

9LEK " LE

<LKLE

<L

6E

9LE = LELKLE

<

Sei ljqajgokg fkqmic fqkm jlisjdcieci kq jliskgi aqogn| fkqse j

gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg sei ljqakgd ljqakg kf aigpjdcieci' Sei jdckd sxi

kf xqkcyls ygciqnki| ααααα-idomogjsokg %kf ~jsiq/' Seo| qijlsokg o| bgk~g j|

Ldjo|ig \lemocs qijlsokg'

:8' Aigpkog Lkgcig|jsokg 0

Seo| o| jgkseiq qijlsokg$ ~eole o| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf jqkmjsol jdcieci|'

êig aigpjdcieci o| qifdyuic ~ose jzyiky| jdlkekdol xksj||oym ljgoci -

κ-ecqku biskgi ljddic aigpkog o| fkqmic' Ljgoci okg %LG“/ o| sei |xilofol

ljsjd|s og seo| qijlsokg'

Aigpkog ljg ai lkg|ociqic j| comiq kf aigpjdcieci'

K Ktt jdl tt

L6E

9LE = K " E “ L “ L

6E

9L

6E

9LEKE “ L “ L

6E

9BLG %Aigpkog/

L6E9 “ LE“ KEtLE “ EtLEK

α-idomogjsokg

“E1K

L6E9 “ LEttLE “ LEK

%Loggjmjdcieci/



168

Og xqi|igli kf ljgoci okg$ kgi mkdilydi kf aigpjdcieci aiejvi| j| j

ljqajgokg' Sejs aqogn| fkqse gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg sei ljqakgd nqkyx kf

jgkseiq mkdilydi kf aigpjdcieci' Seo| qi|yds| sk Aigpkog'

::' Xiqbog| qijlsokg 0

êig aigpjdcieci o| eijsic ~ose |kcoym |jds kf jlisol jloc og xqi|igli

kf jlisol jgecqoci$ os fkqm| loggjmol jloc'

LE<LKKGj

L6E

9LE = K " LE

<“LK“K“LKLE

<L

6E

9LE = LE“LKKE

Jlisol jgecqoci

∆Loggjmol jloc"

LE<LKKE

\kcoym jlisjsi o| sei aj|i sejs nigiqjsi| j ljqajgokg js sei κ-ljqakg og

sei jlisol jgecqoci' Seo| aqogn| fkqse gyldikxeodol jssjlb kg sei ljqakgd

ljqakg fkqmogn ααααα-ecqku jloc$ ~jsiq nis| qimkvic fqkm seo| a

α-idomogjsokg'

:1' Bgkivigjnjd qijlsokg 0

Aigpjdcieci lkgcig|i| ~ose mjdkgol jloc og xqi|igli kf xqocogi

fkqmogn loggjmol jloc$ xqocogi o| sei aj|ol ljsjd|s eiqi' Seo| milejgo|m o|zyosi |omodjq sk sei xqivoky| qijlsokg$ ogvkdvogn ljqajgokg$ fqkm sei mjdkgol

jloc'

Xqocogi

L6E

9LE = K " E

1L%LKKE/

1L

6E

9LE = L%LKKE/

1

LK1

Mjdkgol jloc

L6E

9LE=LELKKE

∆%Loggjmol jloc/

Qijlsokg| kf sei aigpigi qogn 0

Sei qijlsokg lejqjlsiqo|sol kf aigpigi qogn o| idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg'

Sei jdcieci nqkyx %LEK/ qicyli| sei jlsovos kf aigpigi ~ose qi|xils sk

sei jssjlb a jg idilsqkxeodi' Os o| j misj-coqilsogn nqkyx' Eigli misj

|ya|sosysic xqkcyls| jqi fkqmic'



16:

Gosqjsokg 0

%Sei idilsqkxeodi aiogn GK1

"/

\ydxekgjsokg 0

"%Sei idilsqkxeodi \K

<E/ %m-aigpjdcieci |ydxekgol jloc/

Og xqi|igli kf lkg' E1\K

3aigpjdcieci lkgcig|i| ~ose s~k mkdilydi|

kf G$G-comised jgodogi fkqmogn sqoxeigd misejgi ci ljddic Mjdjleosi

nqiig'

Sqoxeigd misejgi ci

Ejdknigjsokg 0

%FiLd<

o| sei Di~o| jloc ljsjd|s sejs fkqm| sei idilsqkxeodi Ld"/

LEK

GK1

LEK

Lkgl' EGK<

Lkgl' E1\K

3

LEK

\K<E

LEK

Lkgl' E1\K3

LE=K

G%LE</1E

G%LE</1

E

LE

G%LE</1

G%LE</1

Lkgl' E1\K

3

LEK

Ld

LEK

Ld1

FiLd<



161

Lkmxjqo|kg kf Fkqmjdcieci jgc Jlisjdcieci

Qijlsokg| ELEK LE<LEK

:' Okckfkqm si|s cki| gks ygciqnk novi| okckfkqm

1' ose Jmmkgoj fkqm| ―yqksqkxogi‟ novi| |omxdi

j lkgcig|jsokg xqkcyls jccosokg xqkcyls'

<' ôse jdbjdogi ygciqnki| Ljggoppjqk ygciqnki| jdckd

|kdysokg qijlsokg lkgcig|jsokg'

3' ôse xeigkd fkqm| seiqmk|issogn cki| gks fkqm

xdj|sol-ajbidosi qi|og'

9' ôse QMnU fkqm| QLE1KE Q“LE“KE o| fkqmic't

LE<

Lkmxjqo|kg kf Jdoxejsol jdcieci jgc jqkmjsol jdcieci

Qijlsokg| LE<LEK L

6E

9LEK

:' Eijsogn ~ose novi| j qic xqiloxosjsi gk qijlsokg'Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg'

1' ôse jmmkgoj fkqm| |omxdi jccosokg fkqm| lkmxdiuxqkcyls' lkgcig|jsokg

xqkcyls'

<' ôse ljy|sol ygciqnki| Jdckd ygciqnki| Ljggoppjqk|kcj lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg'

3' ôse xqomjq cki| gks fkqm| \leoff‟| aj|i'jmogi| fkqm \leoff‟| aj|i

9' ôse ledkqogi cki| gks fkqm| aigpkdfkqm jlisd ledkqoci ledkqoci'

6' Xkdmiqo|jsokg ygciqnki| cki| gks xkdmiqo|i'

xkdmiqo|jsokg'

>' Idilsqkxeodol cki| gks ygciqnki| js sei|ya|sosysokg' ygciqnk' misj xk|osokg'

5' ôse \leoff‟| novi| xogb lkdkyq novi| xogb lkdkyq'

qijnigs' og lkdc'



16<

Y|i|

Aigpjdcieci o| y|ic

%j/ Og sei xqixjqjsokg kf loggjmjdcieci$ loggjmol jloc jgc mjgcidol jloc'

%a/ Aigpkog xqixjqic fqkm aigpjdcieci o| y|ic j| ―soglsyqi aigpkog‟ og

micologi fkq seqkjs ogfilsokg'

%l/ ôse xeigkd| jgc jqkmjsol siqsojq jmogi|$ os fkqm| sqoxeigd misejgi

ci|'

%c/ Og xiqfymiq$ j| j fdjvkyqogn jnigs'

Zyi|sokg|'

:' ejs ejxxig| ~eig sei fkddk~ogn o| eijsic ~ose 98) GjKE ;

%j/ ELEK %a/ L6E

9LEK %l/ j mousyqi kf %j/ jgc %a/

Jg|' %j/ LE<KE " ELKKE

%a/ L6E

9LE

1KE " L

6E

9LKKE

%l/ L6E

9LE

1KE " ELKKE %ELEK o| mkqi ij|od kuoco|ic

sejg aigpjdcieci/ Lqk||ic Ljggoppjqk qijlsokg'

:5'6 BISKGI\

Xqixjqjsokg kf biskgi| - Jliskgi

:' A sei kuocjsokg kf o|kxqkxd jdlkekd ~ose jloc coleqkmjsi jliskgi o|

fkqmic'

%LE</1

L “ K

t t %K/

E E %LE</1L = K

B1Lq

1K

> +E"

1' Cq co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym jlisjsi'LE

<LKK

∆Lj

LE<LKK Co|soddjsokg

%Ljdloym jlisjsi/

LE<

L = K " LjLK<

E<L

%Jliskgi/



163

<' Xj||ogn sei vjxkyq| kf o|kxqkxd jdlkekd kviq eijsic lkxxiq - ljsjdsol

ciecqknigjsokg sjbi| xdjli'

%LE<

/1

“ L “ K9>< B

t t %LE<

/1

L = K " E1

E E Ly Jliskgi

%O|kxqkxd jdlkekd/

3' A sei ecqkd|o| kf o|kxqkxdocigi ledkqoci'

%O|kxqkxd jdlkekd/ %Yg|sjadi/ Jliskgi

:5'6': Xqkxiqsoi| 0

Lkdkyqdi||$ vkdjsodi dozyoc$ |kdyadi og ~jsiq jgc |kdyaodos o| iuxdjogic

a os| xkdjq gjsyqi'

Leimoljd xqkxiqsoi| 0

Os qi|imadi| jlisjdcieci og mjg qijlsokg| - i|xilojdd qijlsokg| cyisk LE<

“ L = K nqkyx'

t

:' Os o| gks ij|od kuoco|ic - eigli os cki| gks qicyli Skddig‟| qijnigs jgc

Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg' Os cki| gks qi|skqi sei lkdkyq kf \leoff‟| qijnigs'

1' \sqkgn kuoco|ogn jnigs| %E1\K

3" B

1Lq

1K

>/ kuoco|i jliskgi sk jlisol

jloc'

%K/

LE<LKLE

<LE

<LKKE

<' Os ljg ai qicylic sk o|kxqkxd jdlkekd a |kcoym jmjdnjm jgc ~jsiq kqDoseoym Jdymogoym Ecqoci'

LE<

Ld

LLE

<Ld

1 GjKE LE<

KE

LLE

<KE

“E1K LE

<

L = KLE

<

E<L

DoJdE3L = K

E<L

E<L

LEKE

E<L



169

jdbkuociokg o|kxqkxd jdlkekd

Doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci ckgjsi| ecqoci okg %j gyldikxeodi/'

3' Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg kq kdff-bo|egiq qicylsokg lkgviqs| jliskgi

sk xqkxjgi'

%Jliskgi/ %Xqkxjgi/

9' Ejdkfkqm qijlsokg

Sei lkmxkygc| ejvogn LE<LEKE“ kq LE

<LK“ nqkyx ygciqnki|

ejdkfkqm qijlsokg'

Os ygciqnki| ejdknigjsokg js κ-ljqakg jskm'

LE<“LK“LE

<" < Ld

1LLd

<“ LK “ LE

<" < ELd

Og sei xqi|igli kf GjKE$ ledkqkfkqm o| fkqmic'

6' Os ygciqnki| jccosokg qijlsokg ~ose ELG$ GjE\K<$ QMnU jgc

lkgcig|jsokg %jccosokg fkddk~ic a idomogjsokg/ ~ose GE1KE$

GE1“GE

1$ L

6E

9GEGE

1$ GE

1GELKGE

1'

>' ôse jmmkgoj os| fkqm| jg jccosokg xqkcyls'

“E1K GE1

LE<“L = K " E“GE

1 %Jmmkgoj/ LE

<“L“LE

1LKLE

<

t t

LE<

E“LE1LKLE

<LE

<

%Cojliskgi jmogi/

E<L

DoJdE3L = K

E<L

E<L

L“K“

E<L t

EE%“/

E1K

E<L

L“KE

E<L t

E

E<L Pg+En+ELd %kq/L = K

E<L G

1E

3 +GjKL

1E

9

E<LLE

1

E<L



166

5' ôse ledkqkfkqm jliskgi fkqm| jg jccosokg xqkcyls|'

?' ose cq ecqknig ledkqoci foq|s os fkqm| mi|osd kuoci jgc seig xekqkgi'

Seo| qijlsokg fkddk~| jdckd sxi lkgcig|jsokg fkddk~ic a ciecqjsokg'

Og xqi|igli kf lkg' E1\K

3seqii mkdilydi| kf jliskgi lkgcig|i sk novi

mi|osdigi %:$ <$ 9 sqomised aigpigi/

Lkgl' E1\K

3

<LE<“LK“LE

<" < E

1K

:5'6'1 Y|i|'

:' J viq nkkc djakqjskq jgc ogcy|sqojd |kdvigs'

1' Og sei xqixjqjsokg kf Sqjgzyodopiq| dobi |ydxekgjd$ og micologi'

<' Og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf lkqcosi'

LE<t BKE

LE<

“ L " E“LLd<

ttK

LE<t

LE<

“ L “ LLd<

%Ledkqiskgi/

tKE

E<

LCq' ELdL = K " E

1LELKLE

<

E<L “E

1K

E<L L = LE“LKLE<

E<L

E<L

L = LE“LKLE<

E<L

E<L LE

<

L=LE'LKLE=L

E<L LE

<

LE<

" K = L

LE<

“E1K

LE<

LE<LE

<

Mi|osd kuoci

3-mised xigs-<-igi-1-kgi

Xekqkgi

1$6-comised eixs-1$9-coigi-3-kgi



16>

Lkmxjqo|kg kf Jdcieci jgc Biskgi'

Qijlsokg| LE<LEK LE

<LKLE

<

:' ose Fiedogn‟| novi| j qic cki| gks qijls'

|kdysokg' xqiloxosjsi

1' ose Skddig‟| novi| |odviq moqqkq' gk |odviq moqqkq'

qijnigs'

<' Kuocjsokg novi| jlisol jloc novi| jlisol jloc

~ose dk|| kf kgi

ljqakg jskm'

3' Qicylsokg ~ose isejgkd %xqomjq o|kxqkxd jdlkekd

GjAE3

jdlkekd/ %|ilkgcjq jdlkekd/

9' ôse GE< |omxdi jccosokg fkqm| lkmxdiu

xqkcyls o| fkqmic' biskgol jmogi'

6' Okckfkqm fkqm| okckfkqm fkqm| okckfkqm

qijlsokg jgc fkqmol jloc' jgc jlisol jloc'

>' Xkdmiqo|jsokg fkqm| xjqjdcieci fkqm| lkgcig|jsokg

xqkcyls|'

5' ose \leoff‟| qijnigs' xogb lkdkyq gk xogb lkdkyq og

jxxijq| og lkdc' lkdc'

?' jqmogn ~ose j aqk~g qi|ogkg| gk qi|ogky| mj||'

GjKE mj||'

:5'> JQKMJSOL BISKGI\

OYXJL gjmi kf jliskxeigkgi jgc aigpkxeigkgi


LE<LKL

6E

9mised xeigd biskgi jliskxeigkgi

L6E

9LKL

6E

9coxeigd biskgi aigpkxeigkgi

Mised xeigd biskgi0 LE<LKL

6E

9

OYXJL gjmi 0 Jliskxeigkgi



165

:5'>': JLISKXEIGKGI

Xqixjqjsokg

:' Fqoicid Lqjfs| jlisdjsokg kf aigpigi ~ose LE<LKLd + JdLd

<'

" LdLKLE<

" ELd

"Seo| o| jg idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg' Sei idilsqkxeodi LE

<LK

o| nigiqjsic a sei Di~o| jloc JdLd<

fqkm jlisd ledkqoci'

1' Cq co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym aigpkjsi ~ose ljdloym jlisjsi'

:5'>'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Lkdkyqdi|| dozyoc$ |xjqognd |kdyadi og ~jsiq qijcod |kdyadi og isejgkd

jgc iseiq'


:' Kuocjsokg 0

Jloc xiqmjgnjgjsi kuoco|i| jlisk xeigkgi sk aigpkol jloc'

%K/L6E9LKLE< L6E9LKLKKE L6E9LKKE"LK1

%Jliskxeigkgi/ Xeigd ndkujdol jloc aigpkol jloc

1' Qicylsokg 0 Qijnigs| dobi |kcoym jgc isejgkd$ |kcoym akqkecqoci$

doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci qicyli jliskxeigkgi sk xeigd mised ljqaogkd'

1%E/

%j/ L6E9LKLE< L6E9LEKELE<

%a/ Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg kq ^kdff-bo|egiq qicylsokg lkgviqs| jlisk

xeigkgi sk ised aigpigi'

3%E/L

6E

9LKLE

<L

6E

9LE

1LE

<" E

1K

E LKLE<JdLd

<

L6E

9LKK LKKLE

< ∆Lj " Lj LjLK<" L6E9LKLE<

L6E

9LKK LKKLE

<Jliskxeigkgi

%Ljdloym jlisjsi/ %Ljdloym jlisjsi/

Aigpigi

Jlisd ledkqoci

Jliskxeigkgi



16?

Ejdknigjsokg 0

Js 1>< B aqkmogi og iseiq qijls| ~ose jliskxeigkgi sk fkqm xeigjld

aqkmoci'

Kgi κ-ecqknig o| qimkvic j| j xqkskg sk sei qimjogogn ljqajgokg$

aqkmogi jccosokg sjbi| xdjli'

L6E

9LKLE

1“E " Aq “ Aq L

6E

9LKLE

1Aq " EAq

Xeigjlidaqkmoci

J |mjdd jmkygs kf jgecqky| jdymogoym ledkqoci ljsjd|i| seo| qijlsokg'

Ejdkfkqm qijlsokg 0

Ailjy|i kf sei xqi|igli kf LE<LK- nqkyx os ygciqnki| ejdkfkqm

qijlsokg'

Ld1LE

<LKL

6E

9LELd

<" L

6E

9LKKGj

GjKE

Idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg 0

Jlisd nqkyx cijlsovjsi| sei aigpigi qogn jgc o| misj coqilsogn nqkyx'Gosqjsokg 0

m-gosqkjliskxeigkgi

:5'>'< Y|i|

:' Y|ic j| j exgksol %|diix ogcylogn/ a gjmi exgkgi

1' Og xiqfymjq'

:5'5 Aigpkxeigkgi 0

Coxeigd biskgi

LKLE<

LKLE<

GK1

EGK<

E1\K

3

Ktt

L6E9 “ L “ L6E9



1>8

:' A Fqoicid Lqjfs| qijlsokg 0 Aigpkdjsokg kf aigpigi sjbi| xdjli og

xqi|igli kf jgecqky| jdymogoym ledkqoci j| j ljsjd|s' Aigpkd ljsokg

%L6E

9LK"/ o| sei idilsqkxeodi'

1' A sei qijlsokg kf iuli|| kf aigpigi ~ose ljqakgd ledkqoci %xek|nigi/

og xqi|igli kf jgecqky| jdymogoym ledkqoci j| j ljsjd|s$ Aigpkd

ledkqoci mj ai fkqmic ogosojdd'

3%E/

L6E6 " Ld “ LK “ Ld " L6E6 L6E9LKL6E9

Aigpigi " Xek|nigi " Aigpigi Aigpkxeigkgi

Sey| ogvkdvi| s~k Fqoicid lqjfs‟| jldjsokg qijlsokg|'

<' A sei cq co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym aigpkjsi'

:5'5': Xqkxiqsoi|

:' Os o| j lkdkyqdi||$ |~iis |middogn |kdoc %m'xs' <1< B/'

1' Os o| og|kdyadi og ~jsiq ays |kdyadi og jdlkekd jgc iseiq'

<' Sekyne os novi| jdd qijlsokg| kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc$ os cki| gks fkqm

jccosokg xqkcyls ~ose |kcoym ao|ydxeosi ailjy|i kf |siqol eogcqjgli jgc

dk~iqic qijlsovos cyi sk sei xqi|igli kf s~k xeigd nqkyx|'

3' Kuocjsokg ~ose B1Lq

1K

>jgc lkg' E

1\K

3$ os novi| aigpkol jloc'

%K/L

6E

9LKL

6E

9L

6E

9LKKE

Aigpkxeigkgi Aigpkol jloc

jgec'

JdLd<" LdLKL

6E

9

LKL6E

9

" ELd

L6E

9LKK ∆

Lj

L6E9LKK Co|soddjsokg

%Ljdloym Aigpkjsi/

L6E

9LKL

6E

9" LjLK

<

Aigpkxeigkgi



1>:

9' Qicylsokg ~ose |kcoym jmjdnjm jgc ~jsiq kq doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci$

coxeigd ljqaogkd o| fkqmic'

1%E/L

6E

9LKL

6E

9L

6E

9LEKEL

6E

9

Aigpkxeigkgi coxeigd ljqaogkd

Coxeigd ljqaogkd o| jd|k ljddic ―aigpecqkd‟' Qicylsokg ~soe pogl

jmjdnjm jgc lkg' ELd novi| Coxeigd misejgi'

3%E/

L6E9LKL6E9 L6E9LE1L6E9

Aigpkxeigkgi coxeigd misejgi

6' Kg fy|okg ~ose xksj||oym ecqkuoci$ os ygciqnki| co|xqkxkqsokgjsokg

qijlsokg'

K

tt

L6E

9“ L " K “ B L

6E

9LKKB " L

6E

6

t t Xksj|oym aigpkjsi Aigpigi

L6

E9

E

:5'5'1 Y|i| 0

Aigpkxeigkgi o| y|ic og xiqfymiq jgc og sei xqixjqjsokg kf aigpecqkd

cqkx jgc coxeigd misejgi'

\IDF IVJDYJSOKG

%J/ Lekk|i sei lkqqils jg|~iq 0

:' Sei lejog o|kmiq kf 1-mised xqkxjgjd o|

%j/ 1-aysjgkgi %a/ aysjgjd

%l/ 1-mised xqkxjgkd %c/ ays-<-igi-1-kd1' \leoff| qijnigs novi| xogb lkdkyq ~ose

%j/ jliskgi %a/ jlisjdcieci

%l/ ised jdlkekd %c/ mised jlisjsi



1>1

<' O|kxqkxd jdlkekd vjxkyq| ~ose joq kviq |odviq ljsjd|s js 918 B novi

%j/ siqs'aysd jdlkekd %a/ jlisjdcieci

%l/ jliskgi %c/ 1-xqkxjgkd

3' Mised biskgi| jqi y|yjdd lejqjlsiqo|ic a

%j/ sei Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg %a/ sei okckfkqm si|s

%l/ sei \leoff‟| si|s %c/ sei Skddig‟| qijnigs

9' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc| o| kuoco|ic sk novi ised mised

biskgi ;

%j/ 1-xqkxjgkd %a/ 1-xigsjgkgi

%l/ :-aysjgkd %c/ 1-aysjgkd

6' Fkqmjdcieci xkdmiqo|i| sk novi

%j/ xjqjdcieci %a/ xjqjfkqmjdcieci

%l/ fkqmjdog %c/ fkqmol jloc

>' Skddig‟| qijnigs o|

%j/ jmmkgojljd lyxqky| ledkqoci %a/ jmmkgojljd lyxqky| kuoci

%l/ jmmkgojljd |odviq gosqjsi %c/ jmmkgojljd |odviq ledkqoci

5' êig jlisjdcieci o| eijsic ~ose Fiedogn |kdysokg$ os novi| j xqiloxosjsi kf

%j/ Ly1K %a/ LyK %l/ LyK " Ly

1K %c/ Ly

?' Sei lkmxkygc sejs cki| gks ygciqnk Ljggoppjqk qijlsokg o|

%j/ fkqmjdcieci %a/ jlisjdcieci

%l/ aigpjdcieci %c/ sqomised jlisjdcieci

:8' Sei fkqmjsokg kf ljgkecqog fqkm j biskgi o| jg iujmxdi kf

%j/ idilsqkxeodol jccosokg %a/ gyldikxeodol jccosokg

%l/ gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg %c/ idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg

::' Ecqknigjsokg kf aigpkd ledkqoci og sei xqi|igli kf Xc kg Aj\K3

novi|

%j/ xeigkd %a/ aigpkol jloc

%l/ aigpd jdlkekd %c/ aigpjdcieci

:1' Fqkm ~eole kf sei fkddk~ogn$ siqsojq aysd jdlkekd o| kasjogic a sei

jlsokg kf mised mjngi|oym okcoci ;

%j/ ELEK %a/ LE<LEK %l/ LE

<LKLE

<%c/ LK

1



1><

:<' Cyqogn qicylsokg kf jdcieci| ~ose ecqjpogi jgc L1E9KGj sei xqkcylsfkqmic o|

%j/ Q“LE = G“GE1

%a/ Q“L ≪ G%l/ Q “ L “ GE

1%c/ Q“LE

<ttK

:3' Jdckd o|

%j/ 1-ecqku aysjgkd %a/ <-ecqku aysjgkd

%l/ <-ecqku aysjgjd %c/ 1-ecqku aysjgjd

:9' Og sei qicylsokg kf jlisjdcieci y|ogn DoJdE3

sei ecqoci okg jls| j|

%j/ idilsqkxeodi %a/ gyldikxeodi%l/ akse %j/ jgc %a/ %c/ j fqii qjcoljd

:6' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn |sjsimigs o| ~qkgn ;

%j/ 1-xigsjgkgi jgc <-xigsjgkgi jqi xk|osokg o|kmiq|

%a/ jzyiky| |kdysokg kf fkqmjdcieci o| bgk~g j| fkqmjdog

%l/ jdcieci| jgc biskgi| ygciqnk gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg

%c/ jdcieci| jls j| qicylogn jnigs|

:>' J ljgkecqog kf j lkmxkygc U kg ecqkd|o| novi| djlsol jloc' Sei U

o|

%j/ ELEK %a/ LE<LEK %l/ %LE

</1

LK %c/ L6E

9LE

1LEK

:5' Sei OYXJL gjmi kf LE<

“ L = LE “ L “ LE<

o|

t tt

LE<

K

%j/ 3-misedxigs-<-ig-1-kgi %a/ 1-misedxigs-<-ig-1-kgi

%l/ <-mised xigs-1-ig-:-kgi %c/ Gkgi kf sei|i

:?' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn cki| gks novi okckfkqm si|s ;

%j/ jlisk xeigkgi %a/ aigpkxeigkgi

%l/ LE< “ LEKE %c/ LE< “ LE “ LE1 LE1 “ LE<t tLE

<KE

18' Sei lkmxkygc ~eole cki| gks qicyli Fiedogn |kdysokg o|

%j/ fkqmjdcieci %a/ jlisjdcieci

%l/ aigpjdcieci %c/ xqkxokgjdcieci



1>3

Lkgl' E1\K

3

1:' LE<LKLE

<Sei xqkcyls o|

%j/ mi|osdigi %a/ mi|osd kuoci

%l/ xekqkgi %c/ xjqjdcieci

11' êole lkmxkygc kg |sqkgn kuocjsokg novi| xqkxokgol jloc ;

%j/ LE<

“ LE “ LE<

%a/ LE<

“ LK “ LE<

t

KE

%l/ LE< %c/ LE< LE1 LE1 KEt

LE<

“ L “ KE

t

LE<

1<' Sei lkmxkygc y|ic og sei xqixjqjsokg kf sei sqjgzyodopiq$ |ydxekgjd o|

%j/ jliskgi %a/ jliskxeigkgi

%l/ o|kxqkxd jdlkekd %c/ ndlkd

co|soddjsokg13' Ljdloym jlisjsi " ljdloym aigpkjsi novi|

%j/ aigpkxeigkgi %a/ aigpjdcieci

%l/ jliskxeigkgi %c/ xeigd aigpkjsi

19' Ajbidosi o| j xqkcyls kf qijlsokg ais~iig

%j/ fkqmjdcieci jgc GjKE %a/ xeigkd jgc misejgjd

%l/ jgodogi jgc GjKE %c/ xeigkd jgc ledkqkfkqm

%A/ Jg|~iq og kgi kq s~k |igsigli| 0

:' Novi sei |sqylsyqjd fkqmydji kf

%j/ mi|osdigi %a/ xekqkgi jgc %l/ mi|osd kuoci

1' êjs o| Qk|igmygc‟| qicylsokg ; ejs o| sei xyqxk|i kf jccogn Aj\K3

og os ;

<' Gjmi kgi qijnigs y|ic sk co|sognyo|e jlisjdcieci jgc jliskgi'

3' Novi fkyq iujmxdi| kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc| ;



1>9

9' Cki| fkqmjdcieci ygciqnk jdckd lkgcig|jsokg ; @y|sof kyq jg|~iq'

6' êjs sxi kf jdcieci| ygciqnk Ljggoppjqk qijlsokg ;

>' êjs o| yqksqkxogi ; Novi os| y|i'

5' êjs ejxxig| ~eig ljdloym jlisjsi o| cq co|soddic ;

?' êjs o| fkqmjdog - ~qosi os| y|i'

:8' Isejgjd o| mkqi qijlsovi sk~jqc| gyldikxeodol jccosokg qijlsokg sejg

xqkxjgkgi' e ;

::' Ek~ o| jliskxeigkgi xqixjqic a Fqoicid-Lqjfs| misekc ;

:1' ^qosi j gksi kg ejdkfkqm qijlsokg'

:<' Ek~ ~odd ky lkgviqs jliskxeigkgi sk xeigjld aqkmoci ;

:3' Sekyne aigpkxeigkgi novi| jdd qijlsokg| kf ljqakgd lkmxkygc|$ os cki|

gks fkqm jccosokg xqkcyls ~ose GjE\K<

- novi qij|kg|'

:9' Jqqjgni sei fkddk~ogn og oglqij|ogn kqciq kf qijlsovos sk~jqc|

gyldikxeodol jccosokg' ELEK 2 LE<LEK jgc LE

<LKLE

<

:6' Xqicols sei fkqmydji kf sei xqkcyls| og sei fkddk~ogn qijlsokg|'

%o/ LE<LKLE

<" ELG

%oo/ L6E

9LKLE

<" GE

1KE

:>' Fkqmjdcieci jgc aigpjdcieci novi Ljggoppjqk qijlsokg ays

jlisjdcieci cki| gks - Jllkygs fkq seo|

:5' Novi s~k si|s| fkq jdcieci|'

:?' Migsokg sei ogcy|sqojd y|i| kf fkqmjdcieci'

18' Ek~ ~odd ky co|sognyo|e ais~iig fkqmjdcieci jgc jlisjdcieci'

%L/ Jg|~iq gks iuliicogn |ous ~kqc| 0

:' ^qosi jg seqii misekc| kf xqixjqogn fkqmjdcieci fqkm jdlkekd'

1' Ek~ cki| fkqmjdcieci qijls ~ose %o/ GE<$ %oo/ LE

<MnO fkddk~ic a

ecqkd|o| jgc %ooo/ GjKE'

<' Oddy|sqjsi sei qicylogn xqkxiqs kf jlisjdcieci ~ose iujmxdi|'



1>6

3' Ek~ o| jliskgi lkgviqsic sk

%o/ mi|osdigi %a/ mi|osd kuoci$ %ooo/ xekqkgi jgc %ov/ o|kxqkxd jdlkekd'

9' ^qosi novogn leimoljd izyjsokg|$ j aqoif jllkygs kf sei fkddk~ogn 0

%o/ Qk|igmygc Qicylsokg$ %oo/ Ljggoppjqk qijlsokg

%ooo/ Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg$ jgc %ov/ Jdckd lkgcig|jsokg

6' Novi gyldikxeodol jccosokg qijlsokg kf jlisjdcieci ~ose %j/ GjE\K<$

jgc %a/ DoJdE3'

>' Co|ly|| jdckd lkgcig|jsokg'

5' Ek~ jqi sei fkddk~ogn lkgviq|okg| ljqqoic kys ;%o/ aigpjdcieci fqkm Skdyigi$ %oo/ jliskxeigkgi fqkm aigpigi$ jgc

%ooo/ aigpkog fqkm aigpjdcieci'

?' Co|sognyo|e jlisjdcieci fqkm jliskgi'

:8' ^qosi j gksi kg %o/ Xiqbog| qijlsokg$ jgc %oo/ Bgkivigjnjd qijlsokg'

::' Ek~ ~odd ky co|sognyo|e ais~iig fkqmjdcieci jgc jlisjdcieci'

:1' ^qosi sei coffiqigli| ais~iig jliskxeigkgi jgc aigpkxeigkgi'

:<' Ocigsof %A/$ %L/ jgc %C/

Ktt

DoJdE3

\KLd1

jdl'BKELE

<“ L “ LE

<%J/ %A/ %L/ %C/

Jliskgi

Jg|~iq| %A/ KE

t

LE<

“ LE “ LE<

0 O|kxqkxd jdlkekd

Ld

t

%L/ LE< “ LE “ LE< 0 O|kxqkxd ledkqoci

%C/ LE<

“ LE = LE1

0 xqkxdigi

:3' Ek~ ~odd ky |gsei|o|i jlisjdcieci fqkm fkqmjdcieci ;



1>>

Jg|~iq| 0 KLE

<MnAq B

1Lq

1K

>tt LE

<LE

1KE LE

<LEK

E “ L “ E E1K+E" E

1\K

3

fkqmjdcieci

ised jdlkekd jlisjdcieci

:9' Ek~ ~odd ky co|sognyo|e ais~iig 1-xigsjgkgi jgc <-xigsjgkgi'

Jg|~iq| 0 \ogli 1-xigsjgkgi lkgsjog| mised biskgi

os ygciqnki| okckfkqm si|s ~ose jg jdbjdogi |kdysokg kf okcogi jgc fkqm|

iddk~ xqiloxosjsi kf okckfkqm Ays-<-xigsjgkgi cki| gks novi seo| si|s'

K Ktt tt

LE<

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ L “ LE<

" 3 GjKE " < O1

LE<

LE1

“ LE1

“ L “ KGj

1-xigsjgkgi " LEO<

" <E1K " <GjO

Okckfkqm

%iddk~ xqiloxosjsi/

:6' Ek~ ~odd ky |gsei|o|i jliskgi fqkm jlisjdcieci ;

Jg|~iq|0 K KE Ktt

LE<MnO

tB

1Lq

1K

>

tt

LE<“ L “ E LE< “ LE “ LE< LE< “ L “ LE<jlisjdcieci o|kxqkxd E

1\K

3jliskgi

jdlkekd

:>' Novi sei OYXJL gjmi| kf

%o/ LE<

“ LE “ L “ LE “ KLE1

LE<

t tt t jgc

KLE<

K LE<

%oo/ LE<

“ LK “ LE “ LE1

“ LE1

“ Ld

tL1E

9

Jg|~iq| 0

%o/ 1-iseku-3-miseku-<-xigsjgkgi jgc

%oo/ <-ised-9-ledkqk-1-xigsjgkgi'

Ktt

%LE<“ L “/



1>5

:5' Jg kqnjgol lkmxkygc$ L1E

3K novi| j qic xqiloxosjsi ~eig ~jqmic

~ose Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg' Os jd|k ygciqnki| jdckd lkgcig|jsokg og xqi|igli

kf jdbjdo'

%o/ ^qosi OYXJL gjmi kf sei lkmxkygc'

%oo/ ejs o| sei eaqocopjsokg kf ljqakg jskm| og sei lkmxkygc ;

%ooo/ qosi izyjsokg fkq sei qijlsokg'

Jg|~iq| 0 %o/ Isejgjd

%oo/ |x1 jgc

%ooo/ LE<LEK " 1Ly1" " <KE“ LE

<LKK“ " 1Ly" " 1E

1K

GjKELE

<LEK " LE

<LEK

:?' ^qosi sei |sqylsyqjd fkqmydj kf sei mjog xqkcyls fkqmic ~eig 2 %o/ Sei

lkmxkygc kasjogic a ecqjsokg kf isegi o| sqijsic ~ose codysi jdbjdo'

%oo/ Misejgjd qijls| ~ose jmmkgoj'

En1" KE“

Jg|~iq|0 %o/ EL≪LE " E1K LE<LEK LE<“ LE “ LE1 “ LEK

Isegi Isejgjd t

KE

jdckd

%oo/ 6LE1K " 3GE

<%LE

1/6

G3

" 6E1K

18' Ek~ ~odd ky |gsei|o|i 1-aysjgkgi fqkm ised jdlkekd ;

Ldyi 0 \six| jqi %o/ \KLd1

%oo/ Mn+iseiq %ooo/ LE<LEK$ %ov/ E

1K+E"

jgc %v/ Gj1Lq1K> + E1\K3'

1:' êjs ejxxig| ~eig sei fkddk~ogn jdlkekd vjxkyq| jqi xj||ic kviq eijsic

lkxxiq ; %j/ g-aysd jdlkekd$ %a/ o|kaysd jdlkekd$ %l/ 1-aysjgkd jgc

%c/ 1-mised-1-xqkxjgkd'

Et

E<L “ L“ LE

1“LEK

tKE

jdckd



1>?

11' Ek~ ljg sei fkddk~ogn lkgviq|okg| ai iffilsic ;

%j/ LE<LKLd LE

<LEK

%a/ LE<LKLd LE

<LKLE

<

%l/ LE<LG LE

<LEK

%c/ LE<LG LE

<LE

1KE

1<' eole lkmxkygc| kg Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg novi %j/ 1-mised xqkxjgi$

%a/ ised aigpigi$ %l/ xqkxjgi jgc %c/ coxeigd misejgi'

13' êjs ejxxig| ~eig sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc| jqi sqijsic ~ose codysi

GjKE |kdysokg og lkdc ;

%j/ xqkxjgjd$ %a/ %LE</<L-LEK$ %l/ mousyqi kf %LE

</<

LLEK jgc

jliskgi'

19' Ocigsof sei jskm| sejs ej| ygciqnkgi lejgni og eaqoco|jsokg og sei

fkddk~ogn qijlsokg|'

%j/ LE<

LEK " ELG LE<LKKE

%a/ LE<L ≪ G LE

<LE

1LE

<

%l/ LE<LKLE< LE<LE1LE<

%c/ LE ≪ LE LE1

= LE1

16' Cqj~ qi|kgjgli |sqylsyqi| fkq sei fkddk~ogn 0

%j/ LE<LKK“$ %a/ LE

<LKGE

1$ %l/ L

6E

9LEK$ %c/ L

6E

9LKK“

1>' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn xjoq| o| mkqi qi|kgjgli |sjaodo|ic ;

%j/ L6E

9LEK jgc L

6E

:<LEK

%a/ LE<LKLE

<jgc LE

<LKL

6E

9$

%l/ x-ecqku aigpjdcieci jgc m-ecqku aigpjdcieci$

%c/ L6E9LE1KE jgc LE<“L6E3“KE %xjqj/



158

\YMMJQ_ 0

Fyglsokgjd nqkyx kf jdcieci jgc biskgi'

\sqylsyqi$ o|kmiqo|m ogvkdvic jgc gkmigldjsyqi - lkmmkg gjmi jgc

OYXJL gjmi'

Xqixjqjsokg - a sei kuocjsokg kq ciecqknigjsokg kf jdlkekd| kpkgkd|o|

kf kdifog|$ ecqjsokg kf jdbgi|$ ljsjdsol qicylsokg kf jloc ledkqoci$ co|soddjsokg

kf ljdloym |jds kf fjss jloc jgc ecqkd|o| kf nim coejdoci'

Xqkxiqsoi| - Eoneiq akodogn xkogs kf xkdjq mkdilydi| sejg ecqk ljqakg|

- ljqakg kf sei ljqakgd nqkyx o| sei |osi kf gyldikxeodol jssjlb - Mk|s kf seijccosokg qijlsokg| - gyldikxeodol - jccosokg xqkcyls idomogjsi| ~jsiq fkqmogn

lkgcig|jsokg xqkcyls' Qijlsokg| ~ose GjE\K<$ ELG$ GE

<$ QMnU$

GE1KE$ L

6E

9GEGE

1$ GE

1GELKGE

1$ qicylsokg| ~ose GjAE

3$ DoJdE

3$

jd|k gyldikxeodol og gjsyqi$ sejs novi jdlkekd|'

\kmi qicylsokg| - Pg+En+ELd kq eijsogn ~ose G1E

3 +GjKL

1E

9- novi|

ecqkljqakg'

Modc kuoco|ogn jnigs| dobi Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg$ Skddig‟| qijnigs - kuoco|i

jdcieci| sk mkgk ljqakudol jloc|' Biskgi| qizyoqi mkqi xk~iqfyd kuoco|ogn

jnigs| dobi jlocofoic B1Lq

1K

>kq BMgK

3og ~eole ljqakg-ljqakg akgc o|

ldijvic sk novi ljqakudol jloc| ejvogn di||iq gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm|'

Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| ejvogn κ-ecqknig jskm fkqm ljqajgokg| og

xqi|igli kf aj|i' Sei|i sjbi xjqs og lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg| ~ose kseiq

ljqakgd lkmxkygc|' Jdcieci| jgc biskgi| ejvogn LE<LK- nqkyx ygciqnk

ejdkfkqm qijlsokg'

Fkqmjdcieci ygciqnki| lkgcig|jsokg ~ose Jmmkgoj sk fkqm

yqksqkxogi jgc xeigkd sk fkqm Ajbidosi'

Jliskgi jgc jlisjdcieci ygciqnk jdckd lkgcig|jsokg ~eodi

fkqmjdcieci ygciqnki| Ljggopjqk qijlsokg'Co|soglsokg ais~iig fkqmjdcieci jgc jlisjdcieci jgc jlisjdcieci

jgc jliskgi'

\sqylsyqi jgc gkmigldjsyqi kf jqkmjsol jdcieci| - xqixjqjsokg jgc

xqkxiqsoi| - Qijlsovos kf ljqakgd nqkyx - cilqij|ic a aigpigi qogn'



15:

Ja|igli kf κ-ecqknig - ljggks fkqm ljqajgokg' Ays ljqajgokg fkqmic

fqkm kseiq ljqakgd lkmxkygc| jssjlb sei ljqakgd nqkyx kf aigpjdcieci'

Eigli os sjbi| xjqs og jdd sei gyldikxeodol jccosokg qijlsokg| jgc lkgcig|jsokg

qijlsokg|'

Og jccosokg os ygciqnki| jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg|'

Sei aigpigi qogn - cijlsovjsic jgc misj-xqkcyls| fkqmic'

Co|soglsokg ais~iig jdoxejsol jgc jqkmjsol jdcieci|'

Jqkmjsol biskgi| - jliskxeigkgi jgc aigpkxeigkgi$ xqixjqjsokg -

Fqoicid Lqjfs| jldjsokg'Xqkxiqsoi| - Qi|imadjgli kf jliskxeigkgi ~ose jliskgi' Aigpkxeigkgi

- dij|s qijlsovi - ja|igli kf κ-ecqknig - y|i|'

Gjmi qijlsokg|

Qk|igmygc qicylsokg

Ldimmig|kg qicylsokg

^kdff-bo|egiq qicylsokg

Jdckd lkgcig|jsokg

Ljggopjqk qijlsokg

Fiedogn‟| si|sSkddig‟| si|s

Ldjo|ig lkgcig|jsokg

Xiqbog| qijlsokg

Bgkivigjnid qijlsokg

Aigpkog lkgcig|jsokg

Fqoicid Lqjfs| jldjsokg

QIFIQIGLI\ 0

:' Kqnjgol Leimo|sq a Fogjq %Vkd' O/

1' Sius akkb kf Kqnjgol Leimo|sq a X'D' \kgo'

<' Sius akkb kf Kqnjgol Leimo|sq a Lqjm$ Ejmmkgc & Eigcqolb|kg

[[[[[[



151

:?' LJQAKU_DOL JLOC\

DIJQGOGN KA@ILSOVI\

H Sk bgk~ jakys ljqakudol jloc| jgc seioq ciqovjsovi|'

:?': LJQAKU_DOL JLOC\

Kqnjgol lkmxkygc| lkgsjogogn sei ljqakud nqkyx$ jqi

ljddic ljqakudol jloc|' Sei jloc mj ai mkgkljqakudol jloc$ of os lkgsjog|kgi “LKKE nqkyx 2 j coljqakudol jloc of os lkgsjog| s~k “LKKE nqkyx| 2

j sqoljqakudol jloc of os lkgsjog| seqii “LKKE nqkyx| isl'

Sei jdoxejsol mkgk ljqakudol jloc| jqi ljddic fjss jloc| jgc sei eoneiq

mimaiq| dobi \sijqol jloc %L:>

E<9

LKKE/$ xjdmosol jloc %L:9

E<:

LKKE/$

kdiol jloc %L:6

E<<

LKKE/ isl'$ kllyq j| ndliqoci| og kod| jgc fjs|'

Gkmigldjsyqi 0

%j/ Sqovojd ||sim 0

Sei gjmi| kf dk~iq mimaiq| jqi ciqovic fqkm sei |kyqli kf ogcovocyjdjloc|'

Fkqmydj \kyqli Sqovojd gjmi

ELKKE Qic jgs %fkqmolj/ fkqmol jloc

LE<LKKE Voginjq %jlisym/ jlisol jloc

L<E

>LKKE Ayssiq %Aysqym/ aysqol jloc

L3E

?LKKE Qkks kf vjdjqokg xdjgs vjdiqol jloc

L::

E1<

LKKE Djyqid kod djyqol jloc

Og lj|i kf |ya|sosysic jloc| sei xk|osokg kf sei |ya|sosyigs o| qixqi|igsica κ$ α$ μ$ γ isl' Sey|

μ α κLE

<“ LE “ LE

1“ LKKE

tLE

<α-mised aysqol jloc

K

– L

KE



15<

Ciqovic gjmi| 0

\kmisomi| fjss jloc| jqi gjmic j| jdbd ciqovjsovi| kf jlisol jloc'

%i'n'$/ MiLE1LKKE Mised jlisol jloc

Mi1LELKKE Comised jlisol jloc

Mi1LE'LE

1LKKE O|kxqkxd jlisol jloc

OYXJL gjmi| 0

Jloc| jqi gjmic jfsiq sei jdbjgi a qixdjlogn sei igcogn ―i‟ a ― kol‟

jloc'

ELKKE Misejgkol jloc

LE<LKKE Isejgkol jloc

LE<LE

1LKKE Xqkxjgkol jloc

LE<LE

1LE

1LKKE Aysjgkol jloc

LE<LE

1LE

1LE

1LKKE Xigsjgkol jloc

Og lj|i kf |ya|sosysic jloc sei dkgni|s ljqakg lejog ogldycogn sei ljqakud

nqkyx o| sjbig j| sei xjqigs lejog'

Xk|osokg kf sei |ya|sosyigs o| ogcoljsic a ioseiq :$ 1$ <$ isl'$ %kq/ κ$ α$κ$ α$κ$ α$κ$ α$κ$ α$μ μ μ μ μ $ '''

êig os o| ckgi a gymaiq| sei ljqakg kf sei ljqakud nqkyx o| gymaiqic

j| %:/ ~eig os o| ckgi a Nqiib dissiq| sei ljqakg gius sk sei “LKKE nqkyx

o| ci|ongjsic j| ―κκκκκ‟'

LE<

3 < 1 t :

LE< “ LE1 “ LE “ LKKE

μ α κ

1-mised aysjgkol jloc %OYXJL/

κ-mised aysqol jloc %Lkmmkg/



153

O|kmiqo|m 0

:' Lejog o|kmiqo|m 0

Seo| jqo|i| cyi sk sei coffiqigli og sei ljqakg lejog kf jdbd nqkyx

jssjleic sk ljqakud nqkyx'LE

<t

LE<

LE1

LE1

LE1

LKKE LE<

“ LE “ LE1

LKKE

%xigsjgkol jloc/ %<-mised aysjgkol jloc/

1' Fyglsokgjd o|kmiqo|m 0

Ljqakudol jloc| mj ai fyglsokgjd o|kmiq| kf i|siq|'

LE<

LE1

LKKE jgc LE<

LKKLE<

ELKKL1E

9xqkxjgkol jloc mised jlisjsi ised fkqmjsi

:?'1 Xqixjqjsokg kf mkgkljqakudol jloc| 0

:' Kuocjsokg 0 Ljqakudol jloc| jqi xqixjqic a sei kuocjsokg kf jdlkekd|$

jdcieci| kq biskgi| ~ose B1Lq

1K

>jgc E

1\K

3' Xqomjq jdlkekd o| foq|s

kuoco|ic sk jdcieci jgc seig sk ljqakudol jloc' Kg sei kseiqejgc

|ilkgcjq jdlkekd| jqi foq|s kuoco|ic sk biskgi jgc seig sk jloc ~ose

di||iq gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm|'

%K/ %K/QLE

1KE QLEK QLKKE

Q%K/

Q%K/

LEKE L = K QLKKE

Q Q

%K/ %K/%o/ LE

<LE

1KE LE

<LEK LE

<LKKE

ised jdlkekd jlisjdcieci jlisol jloc

%oo/ LE< %K/

LE<

%K/

LEKE L = K LE<LKKE " LK

1

LE<

LE<

O|kxqkxd jdlkekd jliskgi

jlisol jloc



159

1' Ecqkd|o| misekc| 0

%j/ Ecqkd|o| kf ljgoci|$ jmoci| jgc i|siq| 0 Jdbd ljgoci|$ jmoci|$

i|siq| jqi ecqkd|ic ~ose jzyiky| jloc kq jdbjdo sk novi ljqakudol jloc'

%o/ Q “ L ≪ G Q “ L “ GE1

E1K

K “ E1

tt QLKKEK

jdbd ljgoci jmoci

LE<

“ L ≪ GE

1K

LE<

“ L “ GE1 E

1K

mised ljgoci t t LE<LKKE " GE<

Kjlisjmoci

E1K E

1K

E “ L ≪ G E “ L = K E “ L “ KE " GE<

Ecqknig ljgoci t tt

GE1

KFkqmjmoci

%oo/ Ktt E

1K

Q “ L “ GE1

QLKKE " GE<

EK “ EIujmxdi$

K Ktt E

1K tt

LE< “ L “ GE1 LE< “ L “ KE " GE<

jlisjmoci

%ooo/ K Ktt

E" kq KE“ tt

Q “ L “ KLE<

Q “ L “ KE " LE<KE

i|siq "

EK “ E

Iujmxdi$

K K

ttEKE

tt

LE<

“ L “ KLE<

LE<

“ L “ KE " LE<KE

mised jlisjsi E" kq KE“ jlisol jloc

%jloc kq jdbjdogi ecqkd|o|/



156

%a/ Ecqkd|o| kf sqoejdoci| 0 A sei ecqkd|o| kf sqoejdoci| lkgsjogogn

seqii ejdknig jskm| jssjleic sk sei |jmi ljqakg jskm$ ljqakudol jloc| jqi

fkqmic'

U<BKE

KE“E

1K

Q “ L “ U Q “ L “ KE Q “ L = K

U KE t

yg|sjadi KE

<BKEKE

“E1KLE

<“ LLd

<LE

<“ L “ KE LE

<“ L = K

sqoledkqk isejgi KE tKE

<' Fqkm Nqongjqc qijnigs 0

K Ktt

"E1K

tt KE

QMnO " LK1

Q “ L “ KMnO Q“L“KE " Mn

O

Mised mjngi|oym okcoci ~ose ljqakgcokuoci novi| jlisol jloc'

K Ktt E1K tt KE

LE<MnO " LK

1LE

<“ L “ KMnO LE

<“ L “ KE " Mn

O

Fkqmol jloc ljggks ai xqixjqic a Nqongjqc qijnigs |ogli sei jloc

lkgsjog| kgd kgi ljqakg jskm'

Xqixjqjsokg kf fkqmol jloc

3' Fqkm LE<KE kq ELEK

A sei kuocjsokg kf mised jdlkekd kq fkqmjdcieci ~ose B1

Lq1

K>

+E1

\K3

'

<%K/LE

<KE ELKKE

%K/ELEK ELKKE



15>

9' Fqkm ndliqkd

A eijsogn ndliqkd ~ose kujdol jloc js <>< B “ <5< B

LE1

“ KEt " EK “ L = K ∆LEKE tt LKKE <5< B

LE1KE

Ktt

LE1

“ K “ L“E

tE

1K

LE1KELEKE tt LEKE " ELKKELE

1KE t fkqmol jloc

LE1KE

ndliqkd mkgkfkqmjsi

:?'1': Xqkxiqsoi|

:' Dk~iq mimaiq| jqi xdij|jgs |middogn dozyoc| ~ose eoneiq akodogn xkogs|'

Sei eoneiq mimaiq| jqi ~ju |kdoc|' Sei eoneiq akodogn xkogs| jqi

iuxdjogic kg sei aj|o| kf j||klojsokg a ecqknig akgcogn'

K E “ K

Q “ L L “ Q

K “ E K

1' Sei foq|s fi~ mimaiq| jqi eoned |kdyadi og ~jsiq jgc eoneiq mimaiq|

jqi og|kdyadi' Seo| ljg jd|k ai iuxdjogic kg sei aj|o| kf ecqknig akgcogn

ais~iig jloc| jgc ~jsiq' ose eoneiq mimaiq| sei |opi kf sei jdbd nqkyx

o| oglqij|ic ~eole qixid| sei ecqkxeodol nqkyx|'


:' Fjss jloc| qijls ~ose jdbjdoi| sk fkqm |jds jgc ~jsiq jgc doaiqjsi| LK1

~ose ljqakgjsi| %|sqkgniq sejg ljqakgol jloc/'

LE<LKKE " GjKE LE

<LKKGj " E

1K

%|kcoym jlisjsi |jds/

LE1

“ K “ LK “LKKE

t“LK

1LEKE

t

LE1KE



155

1 ELKKE " 1Gj1LK

<1 ELKKGj " E

1K " LK

1%|kcoym fkqmjsi/

1' Sei doaiqjsi ecqknig$ ~eig qijls ~ose idilsqkxk|osovi misjd| dobi pogl

kq mjngi|oym'

1LE<LKKE " Pg %LE

<LKK/

1Pg " E

1

%pogl jlisjsi/

1ELKKE " Mn %ELKK/1

Mn " E1

%mjngi|oym fkqmjsi/

<' Qijlsokg ogvkdvogn - ecqkud nqkyx 0 ljqakudol jloc qijls| ~osejdlkekd| og xqi|igli kf mogiqjd jloc j| ljsjd|s jgc fkqm| i|siq|' Seo|

qijlsokg o| ljddic i|siqofoljsokg'

E"

LE<LKKE " L

1E

9KE LE

<LKKL

1E

9" E

1K

%ised jlisjsi/

E"

ELKKE " LE<KE ELKKLE

<" E

1K

%mised fkqmjsi/

Milejgo|m kf i|siqofoljsokg

Xqkskgjsokg kf sei “KE nqkyx kf sei jloc$ igejgli| sei gyldikxeodol

jssjlb a jdlkekd sk novi sei i|siq'

\six :' Xqkskgjsokg kf ljqakudol jloc

E""

E

LE<

“ LK “ KE LE<

LK “ K

E



15?

\six 1' Jssjlb a gyldikxeodi'

“E" + “E

1

K

KL1E

9t

LE< “ L

tt

K

3' Ciecqjsokg

Iulixs fkqmol jloc kseiq| ygciqnk ogsiqmkdilydjq ciecqjsokg kg eijsogn

~ose X1K

9fkqmogn jgecqoci'

LE<

“ LK “ K E X1

K9

LE<

“ LK

" K

LE<

LK KE∆

LE<

“ LK

%Jlisol jgecqoci/

ELKKE kg ciecqjsokg fkqm| ljqakg mkgkuoci'

ELkg' E

1\K

3L = K E1K " LK

EK9' ôse xek|xekqky| xigsjledkqoci kq seokgd ledkqoci'

%o/ Jloc ledkqoci o| fkqmic'

K Ktt tt

LE<

“ L “ K “ E LE<

“ L " XKLd<

" ELd

t

Ld “ XLd<

“ Ld Ldjlisol jloc %jlisd ledkqoci/

E" ''

LE<

“ LK “ K L1E

9KE

E

E

t"

K “ L1E

9Et

"LE

<“ L “ K

tE

K



1?8

%oo/ Fkqmol jloc fkqm| fkqmd ledkqoci'

Fkqmd ledkqoci aiogn yg|sjadi cilkmxk|i| sk ljqakg mkgkuoci jgc

ecqknig ledkqoci'

K

tt

E “ L “ K “ E E “ L = K " XKLd<

" ELd

t

Ld “ XLd<

“ Ld Ld

fkqmd ledkqoci

E “ L = K ELd " LK

Ld

Sei ljqakud nqkyx o| ogvkdvic og qi|kgjgli'

K K%“/

“L “L

K K%“/

Eigli qijlsokg| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf 7L=K o| jdmk|s ja|igs ~ose jloc|'Sei ck gks fkqm jccosokg xqkcyls ~ose ELG$ G

1E

3isl'

6' Qicylsokg

%o/ Ljqakudol jloc nqkyx o| gks qicylic ij|od' Ays os o| qicylic sk xqomjq

jdlkekdol nqkyx a DoJdE3

kq E1 +Qy ygciq xqi||yqi' Seo| qijlsokg ~kqb|

ygciq eoneiq xqi||yqi'

E1 +Qy-xqi||yqi

Q “ L “ KE Q “ LE1

“ KE

ttkq

K DoJdE3

%oo/ Eijsogn ~ose EO+X lkgviqs| sei ljqakudol jloc sk jdbjgi'

EO+XLE

<LKKE LE

<“ LE

<∆



1?:

>' Ciljqakudjsokg 0êig jgecqky| |kcoym |jds kf ljqakudol jloc| jqi

eijsic ~ose |kcjdomi$ ljqakud nqkyx o| qimkvic ~ose sei fkqmjsokg kf

ecqkljqakg lkgsjogogn kgi ljqakg jskm di||'

GjKE+LjKQLKKGj QE " Gj

1LK

<∆%Ecqkljqakg/

GjKE+LjK

LE<LKKGj LE

3" Gj

1LK

<

|kcoym jlisjsi misejgi

Fkqmol jloc nis| ciljqakudjsic kg eijsogn'

E:68kL

L = K E1

" LK1

EK

E" Q K%“/

L QE " LK1

Kjdbjgi

Ljqakudjsi jgokg

5' Ejdknigjsokg 0

%o/ Fjss jloc| ejvognκ-ecqknig jskm|$ ljg ailkgviqsicsk κκκκκ-ejdk jloc|

a ejdknig og xqi|igli kf ejdknig ljqqoiq dobi qic xek|xekqky|'

Aq1 +X

LE<LE

1LKKE LE

<LEAq LKKE LE

<LAq

1LKKE

xqkxokgol jloc κ-aqkmk xqkxokgol jloc κ$ κ$ co aqkmkxqkxokgol jloc

%oo/ EVP - qijlsokg 0 êig sei ejdknigjsokg o| ljqqoic kys ~ose ejdknig

jgc xek|xekqky| sqoejdoci$ seo| qijlsokg o| bgk~g j| Eidd-VkdejqcPidog|b qijlsokg' %EVP-qijlsokg/'

Aq1 +XAq

<E

1K

QLE1LKKE QLE

1LKAq QLEAqLKAq QLEAqLKKE

?' Qijlsokg| ~ose jmmkgoj 0 Ljqakudol jloc qijls| ~ose GE<

sk fkqm



1?1

jmmkgoym |jds ~eole kg eijsogn ygciqnki| ciecqjsokg sk jmoci|$

ydsomjsid jdbd ljgoci qi|yds|'

“E1K X

1K

9QLKKE " GE

<QLKKGE

3QLKGE

1QLG

%Jmmkgoym \jds/ ∆ %Jmoci/ “E1K %Ljgoci/

∆ELKKE " GE

<ELKKGE

3ELKGE

1

%Jmmkgoym fkqmjsi/ “E1K %Fkqmjmoci/

:8' Bkdai‟| idilsqkdsol qijlsokg 0 Idilsqkd|o| kf lkgligsqjsic jzyiky|

|kdysokg kf |kcoym |jds kf jloc| novi| ecqkljqakg'

Idilsqkd|o|

LE<

“ LKK “ Gj LE<

t " 1LK1

" 1GjLE

<“ LKK “ Gj LE

<|kcoym

isejgi

Ygciq seo| lkgcosokg Fkqmol jloc novi| ecqknig'

::' Cq co|soddjsokg kf ljdloym |jds kf fjss jloc|'

Ljdloym jlisjsi kg cq co|soddjsokg novi| jliskgi'

LE< “ LKK Lj LE<LKLE

<" LjLK

<

LE<

“ LKK∆

jliskgi

Ljdloym jlisjsi

:1' Qicylogn xqkxiqs

Fkqmol jloc o| ygozyi ailjy|i os lkgsjog| akse jg jdcieci nqkyx jgc

ljqakud nqkyx jd|k' Eigli os ljg jls j| j qicylogn jnigs' Os qicyli|

Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg$ Skddig| qijnigs jgc cilkdkyqo|i| xogb lkdkyqic BMgK3

|kdysokg'K K

tt ttE “ L “ KE E “ L “ KE

Og jdd lj|i| fkqmol jloc o| kuoco|ic sk LK1

jgc ~jsiq'

E

L = K " %K/ E1K " LK

1

EK



1?<

%j/ Fkqmol jloc qicyli| jmmkgojljd |odviq gosqjsi |kdysokg %Skddig‟| qijnigs/

sk misjddol |odviq'

ELKKE " Jn1K E

1K " LK

1" 1Jn↜ %misjddol |odviq/

%a/ Fkqmol jloc qicyli| Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg' Os qicyli| adyi lkdkyqic lyxqol

okg| sk qic lkdkyqic lyxqky| okg|'

ELKK“ " 1Ly1" " 9KE“ LK<

1“ " Ly1K " <E

1K

%adyi/ %qic/

%l/ Kg sei kseiqejgc ~eig |kcoym fkqmjsi o| eijsic sk <68kL os cilkmxk|i|

sk ecqknig jgc |kcoym kujdjsi'

<68kLE “ LKKGj E

1" LKKGj

∆ t

E “ LKKGj LKKGj

\kcoym fkqmjsi \kcoym kujdjsi

Xqkadim| fkq Xqjlsoli

Fkqmol jloc novi| j qic xqiloxosjsi ~eig eijsic ~ose Fiedogn |kdysokg

ays jlisol jloc cki| gks - qij|kg kys'

Jg|~iq'

Fkqmol jloc ej|E

L = K nqkyx jg jdcieci nqkyx ays jlisol jloc

ej| gk jdciecol nqkyx' Eigli fkqmol jloc qicyli| - Fiedogn‟| |kdysokg'

:?'1'1 Y|i| kf fkqmol jloc

%j/ Og Siusodi Ogcy|sq fkq xqixjqogn ――mkqcjgs|‟‟'

%a/ Og dijseiq sjggogn fkq qimkvogn domi fqkm sei eoci|'

%l/ Og lkjnydjsogn qyaaiq djsiu'

%c/ Golbid fkqmjsi j| ecqknigjsokg ljsjd|s'

%i/ J| j |somydjgs fkq sei nqk~se kf ij|s'

%f/ J| jg jgso|ixsol jgc og xqi|iqvjsokg kf fqyos|'

%n/ Og sei sqijsmigs kf nkys'



1?3

:?'1'< Si|s| fkq ljqakudol jloc

:' Jzyiky| |kdysokg kf ljqakudol jloc| syqg adyi dosmy| ogsk qic lkdkyq'

1' Ljqakudol jloc| noviaqo|b iffiqvi|ligli ~ose |kcoym ao-ljqakgjsi cyi

sk sei ivkdysokg kf ljqakg-co-kuoci'

<' Kg ~jqmogn ljqakudol jloc| ~ose jdlkekd jgc lkgligsqjsic |ydxeyqol

jloc os fkqm| i|siq ~eole o| ocigsofoic fqkm os| fqyos kckyq'

:?'< Mkgkecqku ljqakudol jloc|

LE<LE%KE/ LKKE LE

1%KE/LE

1LKKE

κ-ecqku xqkxokgol jloc α-ecqku xqkxokgol jloc

%kq/ djlsol jloc

:?'<': Djlsol jloc

Djlsol jloc o| sei mjog lkg|sosyigs kf modb sejs ej| nkgi |kyq'

Gjsyqjd \kyqli 0 Xqyvol jloc o| sei xqilyq|kq og kqnjgo|m' Os o| jd|k

xqi|igs og nj|sqol yoli$ lylymaiq|$ kq kxoym'

:?'<'1 Mjgyfjlsyqi

Ogcy|sqojdd os o| mjci a sei Fiqmigsjsokg kf |kdysokg kf ljgi |ynjq %kq/ndylk|i'

%j/ Sk j codysi |kdysokg kf ljgi |ynjq %kq/ ndylk|i %kq/ mjdsk|i j dossdi kf

|kyq modb %kq/ ciljic leii|i o| jccic' Simxiqjsyqi o| mjogsjogic js

38 “ 39k L fkq |ou cj|' Sei Ajloddy| jloco djlso aqogn| fkqse fiqmigsjsokg'

Mised ndkujd fkqm| j| ogsiqmicojsi lkmxkygc' Jloc o| qimkvic a sei

jccosokg kf LjLK<

~eole xqiloxosjsi| ljdloym djlsjsi' Os o| fodsiqic jgc

cilkmxk|ic ~ose codysi |ydxeyqol jloc' Sei fodsiqjsi o| co|soddic ygciq qicylic

xqi||yqi'

E1KL:1E11K:: L6E:1K6 " L6E:1K6

ljgi |ynjq %ndylk|i/ %fqylsk|i/

AJDL

6E

:1K

61LE

<LKLEK 1LE

<LEKELKKE

Mised ndkujd Djlsol jloc



1?9

%a/ \gsei|o| fqkm jlisdigi

Jlisdigi o| xqixjqic a |sqobogn jg idilsqol jql y|ogn ljqakg idilsqkci|

og jg jskm|xeiqi kf ecqknig' Seo| o| xj||ic seqkyne codysi |ydxeyqol jloc

lkgsjogogn miqlyqol okg ljsjd|s' Jlisjdcieci o| fkqmic' Os o| lkgviqsic sk

ljgkecqog kg sqijsmigs ~ose ELG$ ~eole o| seig ecqkd|ic sk nis djlsol

jloc'

idilsqol cod' E1\K3 ELG1L " E

1LE≪LE LE

<LEK

Jql :)En

58

cod' ELdLE

<LE%KE/LG LE

<LE%KE/LKKE

%jlisjdcieci ljgk ecqog/ djlsol jloc

%l/ Fqkm xqkxigi 0

Xqkxigi o| sqijsic ~ose ledkqogi sk nis :$1-coledkqkxqkxjgi' Seo| kg

sqijsmigs ~ose jzyiky| jdbjdo |kdysokg novi| xqkxjgi :$1-cokd' Seo| kg

kuocjsokg ~ose modc kuoco|ogn jnigs$ novi| djlsol jloc'

Ld1

cod+GjKE

LE<LE = LE1 LE<LELd “ LE1Ld LE<LE%KE/LE1KExqkxdigi :$1-coledkqk xqkxjgi xqkxjgi :$1-cokd

%K/LE

<LE%KE/LKKE

djlsol jloc

%c/ Ecqkd|o| kf κκκκκ-aqkmk xqkxokgol jloc 0

Ecqkd|o| kf κ-aqkmk xqkxokgol jloc y|ogn mko|s Jn1K novi| djlsol

jloc'

Jn1K1LE

<LE%Aq/LKKE 1LE

<LE%KE/LKKE

κ-aqkmk xqkxokgol jlocE

1

Kdjlsoli jloc

Xqkxiqsoi| 0

Lkdkyqdi|| |qyx dozyoc$ enqk|lkxol jgc iusqimid |kdyadi og ~jsiq'


Qijlsokg| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf akse “KE jgc “LKKE nqkyx'



1?6

:' Kuocjsokg 0

%o/ Modc kuoco|ogn jnigs dobi Figskg‟| qijnigs Fi1" +E1K

1fkqm| xqyvol

jloc ~ose djlsol jloc

%K/LE

<LE%KE/LKKE LE

<LKLKKE

Djlsol jloc E1K

1 +Fi1" Xqyvol jloc

%oo/ ôse codysi jlocofoic xiqmjgnjgjsi os cilkmxk|i| fkqmogn jlisjdcieci'

LE<LE%KE/LKKE " %K/ LE

<LEK " E

1K "LK

1

1' ôse codysi E1\K

30

ôse cod' E1\K3 jloc os co||klojsi| sk jlisjdcieci jgc fkqmol jloc'

cod' E1\K

3

LE<LE%KE/LKKE LE

<LEK " ELKKE

<' Ejdkfkqm qijlsokg 0

Os ygciqnki| ejdkfkqm qijlsokg ~ose O1

jgc ljy|sol |kcj'

%K/ O1

LE<LE%KE/LKKE LE

<LKLKKE LO

<LKLKKE

xqyvol jloc sqo okck xqyvol jloc

GjKELEO

<

" %LKKGj/1okckfkqm |kcoym kujdjsi

3' ôse XLd9

ôse XLd9

os fkqm| djlsd ledkqoci'

LE<LE%KE/LKKE " XLd

9LE

<“ LE “ LKLd

tLd

djlsd ledkqoci

9' Fkqmjsokg kf lldol i|siq 0

Fkqmjsokg kf lldol coi|siq - a eijsogn og xqi|igli kf ljsjdsol jmkygs

kf lkg' E1\K

3'

K

LE< LE<LEK E EK “ L = K E" LE L = K

"1E1K

"

K = L EL “ LE< K = L LE“LE<

KE E K K

djlsoci



1?>

Y|i| kf djlsol jloc 0

:' Og sjggogn ogcy|sq'

1' Og |kfs cqogb|'

<' Og sei sqijsmigs kf coni|sovi co|kqciq og leodcqig'

3' Xqixjqjsokg kf djlsjsi|$ ised djlsjsi j| j |kdvigs'

9' \odviq djlsjsi j| jg jgso|ixsol jgc j|sqognigs'

:?'3 Coljqakudol jloc|

Sei lkgsjog s~k ljqakud nqkyx|$ kgi js ijle igc kf j |jsyqjsic

ecqkljqakg lejog' Seioq nigiqjd fkqmydj o|EKKL “ %LE

1/g

“ LKKE ~eiqi g = 8$ :$ 1$ <$ isl'

Coljqakudol jloc| jqi gjmic j| Jdbjgi cokol jloc og OYXJL ||sim'

Mk|s |omxdi coljqakudol jloc| ejvi lkmmkg gjmi|'


EKKL “ LKKE Kujdol jloc Isejgi cokol jloc

EKKL “ LE1

“ LKKE Mjdkgol jloc Xqkxjgi cokol jloc

EKKL“%LE1/1“LKKE \yllogol jloc Aysjgi cokol jloc

EKKL %LE1/3

LKKE Jcoxol jloc Eiujgi cokol jloc

:?'3': Misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg

Kujdol jloc 0 isejgi cokol jloc$ EKKL “ LKKE

:' Djakqjskq misekc' Kujdol jloc o| mjci a kuocjsokg kf |ylqk|i kq

mkdj||i| ~ose lkgligsqjsic gosqol jloc og sei xqi|igli kf vjgjcoym

xigskuoci j| ljsjd|s'

EGK<

L:1E11K:: " :5 RK] LKKE " 9E1KV1K

9 6 t

LKKE

Sei “LEKE“LEKE - ygos| xqi|igs og |ylqk|i mkdilydi jqi |xdos jgc

kuoco|ic sk kujdol jloc'



1?5

1' Mjgyfjlsyqi 0Kujdol jloc o| mjci ogcy|sqojdd a eijsogn |kcoym fkqmjsi

sk 6>< B'

6>< B1ELKKGj GjKKL “ LKKGj " E

1

|kcoym fkqmjsi |kcoym kujdjsi

Sei |kcoym kujdjsi sey| fkqmic o| co||kdvic og ~jsiq jgc ljdloym

ecqkuoci jccic sk xqiloxosjsi ljdloym kujdjsi' Sei |kdysokg o| fodsiqic jgc

sei xqiloxosjsi o| sqijsic ~ose ljdlydjsic zyjgsos kf codysi |ydxeyqol jloc sk

doaiqjsi sei kujdol jloc'

LKKGj LKKt " Lj%KE/

1t Lj " 1 GjKE

LKKGj LKK|kcoym kujdjsi ljdloym kujdjsi

LKK LKKE

t Lj " E1\K

3t " Lj\K

3 ↜

LKK LKKE

kujdol jloc

Ljdloym |ydxejsi xqiloxosjsi| jgc kujdol jloc o| lq|sjddo|ic j| sei ecqjsi%LKKE/

1'1E

1K'

<' Fqkm ndlkd 0

Os o| xqixjqic a kuoco|ogn ndlkd ~ose lkg'EGK<'

LE1KE RK] LKKE

t tLE

1KE LKKE

ndlkd

3' Fqkm Ljgknig 0

A xj||ogn ljgknig seqkyne jg jzyiky| |kdysokg kf jloc kq jdbjdo'

L ≪ G 1E1K LKGE

1 1E1K LKKE

t t tL ≪ G LKGE

1LKKE

ljgknig kujmoci



1??

\yllogol jloc$ Aysjgicokol jloc EKKL“LE1“LE

1“LKKE

Xqixjqjsokg 0 \yllogol jloc o| xqixjqic fqkm isedigi coaqkmoci a

sqijsogn ~ose |kcoym ljgoci jgc |ya|izyigs ecqkd|o| kf isedigi coljgoci'

LE1Aq

1GjLGLE

1LG

E1K

LE1LKKE

t t t

LE1Aq LE

1LG ELd LE

1LKKE

Isedigi isedigi |yllogol jloc

co aqkmoci coljgoci

:?'3'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Kujdol jloc kllyq| j| xksj||oym ecqknig kujdjsi og sei ~kkc |kqqid$

jgc skmjski|' Sei og|kdyadi ljdloym kujdjsi o| fkygc og |kmi |skg cixk|os|

og bocgi| jgc adjcciq og eymjg akc' Kujdol jloc o| jg jlsovi xko|kg

cixqi||ogn sei ligsqjd giqvky| ||sim'

Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Coljqakudol jloc novi| jdd sei y|yjd qijlsokg| kf LKKE nqkyx s~oli'

:' ôse jdbjdo 0 ôse GjKE os novi| s~k bogc| kf |jds|'

%i'n'$/

%o/ LKKE LKKGj GjKE LKKGj

t " GjKE t t

LKKE LKKE LKKGjkujdol jloc mkgk |kcoym co|kcoym

kujdjsi kujdjsi

%oo/ LE1LKKE LE

1LKKGj GjKE LE

1LKKGj

t " GjKE t t

LE1LKKE LE1LKKE LE1LKKGj

\yllogol jloc mkgk |kcoym co|kcoym |yllogjsi

|yllogjsi

1' ôse jmmkgoj 0 Coljqakudol jloc novi| jmmkgoym |jds| foq|s ~eole

seig dk|i| ~jsiq mkdilydi sk novi jmoci'



<88

LKKE LKKGE3 ∆LKGE1

t " 1GE< t t " 1E1K

LKKE LKKGE3

LKGE1

jmmkgoym kujmoci

kujdjsi

\yllogol jloc fkqm| os| jmmkgoym |jds' Kg |sqkgn eijsogn os fkqm|

|yllogomoci'

LE1“LKKE LE

1LKKGE

3 ∆LE

1LK

t " 1GE<

t t GE

LE1“LKKE LE1LKKGE3 LE1LK\yllogol jloc Jmmkgoym |yllogjsi \yllogomoci

<' ôse XLd9

0

ôse XLd9$ sei|i fkqm sei jloc ledkqoci|'

%o/ LKKE LKLd

t " XLd9

t " XKLd<

" E1K

LKKE LKLd xek|xekqky|

kujdol jloc kujddledkqoci ku ledkqoci

LE1“LKKE LE1LKLd

t " XLd9 t " XKLd< " E1KLE1“LKKE LE1LKLd

|yllogkd ledkqoci

3' Jlsokg kf eijs 0

%o/ Kujdol jloc kg eijsogn js <>< B “ <>5 B dk|i| ~jsiq kf ecqjsokg' Kg

fyqseiq eijsogn os cilkmxk|i| sk fkqmol jloc jgc ljqakg cokuoci'

LKKE3><B

t ELKKE " LK1

LKKE fkqmol jloc

%oo/ \yllogol jloc kg eijsogn sk <88k

L dk|i| j mkdilydi kf ~jsiq sk fkqmjgecqoci'

LE1

“ LKKE<88kL

LE1

“ LKt t K " E

1K

LE1

“ LKKE LE1

“ LK

|yllogol jgecqoci %j lldol lkmxkygc/



<8:

9' Kuocjsokg 0 Kg ~jqmogn kujdol jloc ~ose jlocofoic xksj||oym

xiqmjgnjgjsi$ os o| kuoco|ic sk ljqakg cokuoci'

LKKEt " RK] 1LK

1" E

1K

LKKE

Y|i| 0

Kujdol jloc o| y|ic

:' fkq qimkvogn ogb |sjog| jgc oqkg |sjog|'

1' j| mkqcjgs og ciogn jgc ljdolk xqogsogn'<' og mjgyfjlsyqi kf ogb jgc misjd xkdo|ei|'

3' Qicku sosqjsokg

\yllogol jloc o| y|ic 0

:' og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf djlzyiq| jgc ci|'

1' Os o| j viq omxkqsjgs djakqjskq qijnigs'

:?'9 \SQIGNSE KF LJQAKU_DOL JLOC\

Jg jloc o| j xqkskg ckgkq' Sei aj|i ~ose ~eole j xqkskg ljg ai qidij|iccisiqmogi| sei |sqignse kf jg jloc' Kqnjgol jloc| jqi ~ijb jloc|' Nqijsiq

sei |sjaodos kf sei jgokg kf sei jloc$ eoneiq o| os| |sqignse' Sey|$ fkq j

ljqakudol jloc$ |j jlisol jloc'

êig sei akgcogn xjoq kf idilsqkg| ais~iig kunig jgc ecqknig og“K“E nqkyx$ o| |eofsic sk~jqc| kunig$ ij|oiq sei ecqknig o| qidij|ic j| j

xqkskg'

Sey| ~eig ledkqkjlisol jloc o| sjbig$ sei %“O/ iffils kf ledkqogi oglqij|i|

os| |sqignse'

E

t K

E “ L “ L

t K “ E

E

Jloc

E

t K

E “ L “ L

t K“

E

Jgokg

E

t K“

E “ L “ L

t K

E

" E<K"



<81

E K

t

Ld L L

t

E K E

Sey| sei |sqignse kf sei ledkqk jlisol jloc| vjqoi|'

K K K

Ld<L “ L 77 Ld

1LE“L 7 LdE

1“L

KE K“E K“E

Sqoledkqk jlisol jloc Coledkqk jlisol jloc Mkgkledkqk jlisol jloc

Kg sei kseiq ejgc lkmxjqogn sei |sqignse kf ljqakudol jloc| sei vjq

j| fkddk~| 0

LE<LE

1LKKE 4 LE

<LKKE 4 ELKKE

xqkxokgol jloc jlisol jloc fkqmol jloc

\ogli jdbd nqkyx| jqi "O nqkyx|$ sei oglqij|i sei |sqignse kf sei

“K“E akgc mjbogn sei qidij|i kf ecqknig coffolyds' %o'i'$/ os ailkmi| j

~ijb jloc'Og sei lj|i kf jqkmjsol jloc|$ xqi|igli kf ledkqogi$ gosqk nqkyx$ ljqakgd

nqkyx i|xilojdd js kqsek xk|osokg oglqij|i| os| |sqignse cyi sk “O iffils'

7 7

Xqi|igli kf “KE$ Ld“ js xjqj xk|osokg| cilqij|i| sei |sqignse a

qi|kgjgli iffils' %"M iffils/'

:?'6 JQKMJSOL JLOC\ 0

êig j ljqakudol jloc nqkyx o| coqilsd dogbic sk sei aigpigi qogn

sei jqi ljddic jqkmjsol ljqakudol jloc|'

K1G

LKKE LKKE

Ld

LKKE

KEL



<8<

Aigpkol jloc k-skdyol jloc |jdoldol jloc jgseqjgodol jloc

%k-ecqku aigpkol %k-jmogk aigpkol

jloc/ jloc/

Aigpkol jloc o| sei |omxdi|s kf jqkmjsol jloc|'

:?'6': Xqixjqjsokg

A kuocjsokg

A sei kuocjsokg kf ―|oci lejog‟ kf aigpigi ciqovjsovi| %|oci lejog - jg

jdoxejsol xkqsokg dogbic sk aigpigi qogn/ Sei |oci lejog kuocjsokg ljg

ai ljqqoic kys a jloc coleqkmjsi kq xiqmjgnjgjsi kq jdbjdogi

xiqmjgnjgjsi isl'

Skdyigi Ised Aigpd Aigpd Aigpjdcieci

aigpigi ledkqoci jdlkekd

Sei ygciqdogic xkqsokg ogcoljsi| sei |oci lejog'

Skdyigi o| kuoco|ic a jlocofoic BMgK3'

E" +BMgK3

%o/ L6E

9LE

<L

6E

9LKKE Aigpkol jloc

GjKE

%K/%oo/ L6E9LE1Ld L6E9LE1KE L6E9LKKEBMgK3

E" +BMgK3

%ooo/ L6E

9LEK L

6E

9LKKE

LKKELE

<

LKKE

KE

LKKE

GE1

LKKE

LE<

LE1LE

<LE

1Ld LE

1KE LEK



<83

1' Ecqkd|o| kf xeigd ljgoci 0

E" E"

L6E9LG %L6E9LKGE1/ L6E9LKKE

E1K Aigpjmoci E

1K

<' Ljqakgjsokg kf Nqongjqc qijnigs fkddk~ic a ecqkd|o|'

L6E

9 E1K Aq

L6E

9MnAq " K = L = K L = K L

6E

9L = K " Mn

AqMnKt KE

KE

:?'6'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Xe|oljd xqkxiqsoi|

êosi lq|sjddogi |kdoc-|kdyadi og eks ~jsiq$ jdlkekd jgc iseiq jgc |donesd

|kdyadi og lkdc ~jsiq'

Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Qijlsokg| kf akse “LKKE nqkyx jgc aigpigi qogn'

:' Jlocol xqkxiqsoi| 0

%j/ Aigpkol jloc co||kdvi| og GjKE jgc GE3KE fkqmogn |jds|'

L6E

9LKKE " GjKE L

6E

9LKKGj " E

1K

%|kcoym aigpkjsi/

“E1K

L6E

9LKKE " GE

3KE L

6E

9LKKGE

3L

6E

9LKGE

1∆%Jmmkgoym aigpkjsi/

%a/ Os fkqm| i|siq| ~ose jdlkekd og xqi|igli kf ljsjdsol jmkygs kf

Lkg' E1

\K3

'

E"

L6E9LKKE " L1E9KE L6E9LKKL1E9 " E1K%ised aigpkjsi/



<89

1' Qixdjlimigs kf KE nqkyx'

A sei jlsokg kf xek|xekqky| xigsjledkqoci kq seokgd ledkqoci$ aigpkd

ledkqoci o| fkqmic'

L6E

9LKKE " XLd

9L

6E

9LKLd " XKLd

<" ELd

L6E

9LKKE " \KLd

1L

6E

9LKLd " \K

1" ELd

Seokgd ledkqoci

<' Ciljqakudjsokg 0

Eijsogn ~ose |kcjdomi novi| aigpigi'

GjKEL

6E

9LKKE L

6E

6" LK

1

LjK ∆|kcj domi

3' Qicylsokg 0

Doseoym Jdymogoym ecqoci qicyli| Aigpkol jloc sk Aigpd jdlkekd'

K DoJdE3

DoJdE3

L6E9L RL6E9LEK] L6E9LE1KEKE Aigpd jdlkekd

Aigpkol jloc

9' Qijlsokg kf aigpigi qogn 0

Aigpkol jloc ygciqnki| idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg' Sei “LKKE nqkyx

cilqij|i| sei jlsovos kf aigpigi qogn ~ose qi|xils sk idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg

jgc o| misj coqilsogn nqkyx'

Gosqjsokg 0

EGK<

E1\K

3

m-gosqk aigpkol jloc

LKKELKKE

GK1



<86

6' Ledkqogjsokg 0

Ld1

FiLd<

m-ledkqk aigpkol jloc

Jgecqky| fiqqol ledkqoci o| j Di~o| jloc - j ljsjd|s og seo| qijlsokg'

>'\ydxekgjsokg 0

Fymogn

E1\K

3

m-|ydxekgd aigpkol jloc

:?'6'< Y|i| kf aigpkol jloc 0

:' Aigpkol jloc o| y|ic j| jg yqogjq jgso|ixsol

1' \kcoym aigpkjsi o| y|ic j| fkkc xqi|iqvjsovi

<' Aigpkol jloc vjxkyq| jqi y|ic sk co|ogfils aqkgleojd syai'

3' Os o| y|ic fkq sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf ci|'

:?'> \JDOL_DOL JLOC

Os o| k-ecqku aigpkol jloc$ jgc o|kmiqol ~ose misj jgc xjqj ecqku

aigpkol jloc|'

%k-ecqku aigpkol jloc/ %m-ecqku aigpkol jloc/ %x-ecqku aigpkol jloc/

:?'>': Xqixjqjsokg 0

\jdoldol jloc ljg ai xqixjqic a eijsogn xeigkd ~ose GjKE sk nis

|kcoym xeigkuoci'

LKKELKKE

Ld

LKKELKKE

\K<E

KE

LKKE

KE

KE

LKKE LKKE



<8>

GjKE

∆

Seo| o| eijsic ~ose ljqakgcokuoci js 38<B ygciq xqi||yqi sk fkqm |kcoym

|jdoldjsi'

LK1

38<B+xqi||yqi

Milejgo|m 0

Seo| qijlsokg o| ljddic ―Bkdai‟| qijlsokg‟' Sei |kcoym |jds kg sqijsmigs

~ose codysi ecqkledkqol jloc novi| |jdoldol jloc'

ELd" GjLd

%\jdoldol jloc/

:?'>'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Os o| j ~eosi lq|sjddogi |kdoc - |kdyadi og eks ~jsiq$ isejgkd jgc iseiq'

Si|s fkq |jdoldol jloc 0

:' Jg jzyiky| |kdysokg kf |jdoldol jloc novi| vokdis lkdkyq ~ose giysqjd

fiqqol ledkqoci'

1' Os novi| iffiqvi|ligli ~ose sei |kcoym aoljqakgjsi'

<' Os o| |kdyadi og |kcoym ecqkuoci jgc qixqiloxosjsic kg jlocofoljsokg'

KE KGj

KGj KE

LKKGj

KE

LKKEKELKKGj

“K KKttLttK

E

L

K“

K

KE

L

K“

K



<85

3' ôse Aqkmogi ~jsiq sei lkdkyq o| co|lejqnic ~ose sei fkqmjsokg kf ~eosi

xqiloxosjsi'

Milejgo|m 0

Qijlsokg kf aqkmogi ~ose |jdoldol jloc'


Xqkxiqsoi| kf xeigkdol fyglsokg'

:' \jdoldol jloc ygciqnki| jlisdjsokg a eijsogn ~ose jlisol jgecqoci sk

fkqm j|xoqog ~eole o| y|ic j| jg jgjdni|ol jgc jgsoxqisol'

%LE<LK/

1K

Jlisd |jdoldol jloc kq J|xoqog

KE

L

K

K“

Aq “ Aq

"KE

L

K

K“

Aq

" Aq“

"KE

L

K

K“

Aq

KE

Aq

" LK1

KEAq

1Aq1

KEAq

Aq

Aq

KE

LKKE

KLKLE<

LKKE



<8?

Og|sijc kf jlisol jgecqoci$ jlisd ledkqoci ljg jd|k ai y|ic'

1' Qijlsokg ~ose aqkmogi ~jsiq novi| j ~eosi xqiloxosjsi kf sqoaqkmk xeigkd'

Seo| qijlsokg ogvkdvi| aqkmogjsokg ~ose ciljqakudjsokg'

Aq1

Aq1

“LK1

%1$3$6 Sqoaqkmk xeigkd/

Qijlsokg cyi sk “LKKE nqkyx'

:' ôse GjELK<

Os novi| aqo|b iffiqvi|ligli ~ose j |kdysokg kf |kcoym aoljqakgjsi kq

|kcoym ljqakgjsi jgc co||kdvi| fkqmogn |kcoym |jdoldjsi'

" GjELK<

" LK1

" E1K

%|kcoym |jdoldjsi/

Sei |kdysokg kg sqijsmigs ~ose ELd novi| |jdoldol jloc'

ELd

1' ôse LE<KE

Kg eijsogn ~ose mised jdlkekd og xqi|igli kf lkg' E1\K

3j xdij|jgs

|middogn dozyoc-mised |jdoldjsi o| fkqmic'

LE<KE " E

1K

E1\K

3

%Mised |jdoldjsi/

KELKKE

KEKE

Aq

Aq

Aq

KE

LKKE

KE

LKKGj

KE

LKKGj

KE

LKKE

KE

LKKE

KE

LKKLE<



<:8

Mised |jdoldjsi o| xqi|igs og sei kod kf ~ogsiq nqiig jgc kseiq i||igsojd

kod|'

:?'>'< Y|i|

\jdoldol jloc o| y|ic %o/ Os o| jg jgso|ixsol jgc co|ogfilsjgs %oo/ j| j fkkc

xqi|iqvjsovi %ooo/ j| j micologi fkq qeiymjsol xjog$ %ov/ og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf

j|xoqog$ |jdkd$ mised |jdoldjsi$ %v/ og sei xqixjqjsokg kf jpk ci|'

:?'5 FYGLSOKGJD CIQOVJSOVI\ KF LJQAKU_DOL JLOC 0

Sei nigiqjd fkqmydj o|

_ Fyglsokgjd nqkyx Iujmxdi

“ KE Ljqakudol jloc LE<LKKE jlisol jloc

“ ejdknig jloc ejdoci LE<LKLd jlisd ledkqoci

“ KLKQ jloc jgecqoci LE<LKKLKLE

<jlisol jgecqoci

“ KQ i|siq LE<LKKL1E9 ised jlisjsi

“ GE1

jmoci LE<LKGE

1jlisjmoci

Sei|i lkmxkygc| nigiqjdd ygciqnk gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg|

og ~eole j gyldikxeodi qixdjli| sei idilsqk ginjsovi nqkyx %_/ sk fkqm

ljqakud ciqovjsovi|' Qidjsovi qijlsovos kf ljqakudol jloc ciqovjsovi| o| j|

fkddk~|'

Jloc ledkqoci 7 jloc jgecqoci 7 ljqakudol jloc 7 i|siq 7 jmoci'

:?'5': Jlisd ledkqoci 0 LE<LKLd

Xqixjqjsokg kf LE<LKLdOs o| xqixjqic ij|od a sei jlsokg kf XLd

9$ XLd

<kq \KLd

1kg jlisol jloc'

%o/ LE<LKKE " XLd

9LE

<LKLd " XKLd

<" ELd

%oo/ <LE<LKKE " XLd

<<LE

<LKLd " E

<XK

<

Xek|xekqy| jloc

Ktt

Q“L“_



<::

%ooo/ LE<LKKE " \KLd

1LE

<LKLd " \K

1" ELd

:?'5'1 Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Jlisd ledkqoci o| vkdjsodi$ xygnigs |middogn dozyoc$ seo| ljggks fkqm

ecqknig akgc' Eigli os| dk~ akodogn xkogs jgc og|kdyaodos og ~jsiq o|

iuxdjogic' Os fymi| og mko|s joq cyi sk ecqkd|o| xqkcylogn ecqknig ledkqoci

nj|'


:' Os o| j xk~iqfyd jlisdjsogn jnigs$ j qijnigs sejs ogsqkcyli| LE<LK -

nqkyx$ i|xilojdd ~ose lkmxkygc| lkgsjogogn “KE nqkyx kq “GE nqkyx'

%o/

%oo/

%ooo/ L6E

9KE " L = K LE

<LKKL

6E

9

Xeigd jlisjsi

1' Fqoicid Lqjfs‟| Jlisdjsokg 0

Og xqi|igli kf jgecqky| Jdymogoym ledkqoci jlisdjsokg kf aigpigi

sjbi| xdjli ~ose sei fkqmjsokg kf jliskxeigkgi'

K

LE<

– L

Ld

K

E E

KLE

<– L " ELd

KE%nj|/

E “ K “ E " Ld “ L “ LE<

Ktt

' 'E “ K “ L “ LE

<" ELd

jlisol jloc

Ktt

L1E

9“K“E " Ld “ L “ LE

<

Ktt

' 'L

1E

9“K“L“LE

<" ELd

ised jlisjsi

Ktt

LE<

Ld

' '



<:1

" LE<LKLd " ELd

Os o| jg jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg'

Sei Di~o| jloc JdLd<

nigiqjsi| sei idilsqkxeodi fqkm jlisd ledkqoci'

Sei idilsqkxeodi o| sei jlisd ljsokg LE<“L" = K'

:?'5'< Y|i| kf jlisdledkqoci

%j/ J| jg jlisdjsogn jnigs'

%a/ Jg omxkqsjgs kqnjgol qijnigs'

%l/ Og sei xqixjqjsokg kf jlisol jgecqoci'

%c/ Og sei cisilsokg jgc i|somjsokg kf jdlkekdol jgc jmogk nqkyx|'

:?'? Jlisol jgecqoci 0 LE<LKKLKLE

<

Xqixjqjsokg 0

:' Fqkm LE<LKLd

A co|soddogn j mousyqi kf jgecqky| |kcoym jlisjsi jgc jlisd ledkqoci'

LE<LKLd " LE<LKKGj LE<LKKLKLE< " GjLd%Jlisd ledkqoci/ %\kcoym jlisjsi/ ∆ %Jlisol jgecqoci/

1' Fqkm jlisol jloc

A sei jlsokg kf ciecqjsogn jnigs kg jlisol jloc'

:?'?': Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Jlisol jgecqoci o| j lkdkyqdi||$ xygnigs |middogn dozyoc$ og|kdyadi og

~jsiq' Os o| gks j| qijlsovi j| jlisd ledkqoci jgc cki| gks fymi og mko|s joq'


Dobi jlisd ledkqoci$ os qijls| ~ose jdlkekd$ xeigkd jgc jmogi$ sekyne

di|| qijlsovi$ gkqmjdd jlisdjsokg y|ogn jlisol jgecqoci o| ljqqoic kys og

xqi|igli kf |kcoym jlisjsi kq lkgligsqjsic |ydxeyqol jloc j| ljsjd|s'

LKLE<

jge' JdLd<

LE<LK KE

LE<LKK E

X1K

9

∆

LE<LK

K " E1K

LE<LK

%Jlisol jgecqoci/



<:<

:'

1'

:?'?'1 Y|i| kf jlisol jgecqoci

:' J| jg jlisdjsogn jnigs fkq sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf ci|$ liddydk|i jlisjsi

isl'

1' Og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf j|xoqog jgc |kmi cqyn|'

:?':8 Mised jlisjsi

Xqixjqjsokg

:' A i|siqofoljsokg 0 êig jlisol jloc o| qifdyuic ~ose mised jdlkekd og

xqi|igli kf j |mjdd jmkygs kf lkg' E1\K

3$ mised jlisjsi o| fkqmic'

E1\K

3

LE<LKKE " LE<KE LE<LKKLE< " E1KMised jlisjsi

1' A sei jlsokg kf jlisd ledkqoci kq jlisol jgecqoci kg mised jdlkekd$

mised jlisjsi o| fkqmic'

LE<LK

K

LE<LK

''E

1G “ E

jmmkgoj

LE<“LK“GE

1" LE

<LKKE %Jmmkgkd|o|/

%Jlisjmoci/

LE<LK

K " E “ Ld

LE<LK %~ose cq ecqknig

ledkqoci/

LE<LKKE " LE

<LKLd

jlisd ledkqoci

LE<LK

K

LE<LK

Ld

t

XLd<

1LE<LKLd " XKLd

<

t jlisdledkqoci

Ld

"



<:3

LE<LKLd " LE

<KE LE

<LKKLE

<" ELd

LE<LKKLKLE

<" LE

<KE LE

<LKKLE

<" LE

<LKKE

:?':8': Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Os o| j xdij|jgs |middogn vkdjsodi dozyoc$ fjoqd |kdyadi og ~jsiq$ gk ecqknig

akgcogn jgc di|| xkdjq sejg jdlkekd|'

Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi|

:' Ecqkd|o| 0 I|siq| jqi ecqkd|ic a ~jqmogn ~ose cod' jloc| kq jdbjdo'

E" +E1K

LE<LKKLE

<LE

<LKKE " LE

<KE

LE<LKKLE

<" GjKE LE

<LKKGj " LE

<KE

|kcoym jlisjsi

%\jxkgofoljsokg/

1' Jdlkekd|o| 0 Og xqi|igli kf j dossdi jloc$ mised jlisjsi o| ldijvic a

ised jdlkekd sk fkqm ised jlisjsi'

E"

LE<LKKLE

<" L

1E

9KE LE

<LKKL

1E

9" LE

<KE

Seo| o| ljddic ―sqjg| i|siqofoljsokg‟'

<' Jmmkgkd|o| 0 Qijls| ~ose jmmkgoj kg eijsogn sk fkqm jmoci'

∆LE

<LKKLE

<" GE

<LE

<LKGE

1" LE

<KE

3' Ldjo|ig i|siq lkgcig|jsokg 0 Og xqi|igli kf |sqkgn aj|i| dobi |kcoym

isekuoci$ os ygciqnki| lkgcig|jsokg fkqmogn jlisk jlisol i|siq'

L1E

9KGj “

LE<LKKLE

<LE

1LKKLE

<" E"

LE<L = K

LE<K

“LE

1LKKLE

<

LE<L = K " KLE

<

LE1LKKLE

<Mised jliskjlisjsi

“



<:9

:?':8'1 Y|i| kf mised jlisjsi

Os o| j viq nkkc djakqjskq jgc ogcy|sqojd |kdvigs' Y|ic fkq sei

xqixjqjsokg kf jliskjlisoli|siq j lkmxkygc kf |gseisol omxkqsjgli'

:?':: Jmoci|

LE<LKGE

1Jlisjmoci

Xqixjqjsokg kf jlisjmoci

:' A eijsogn jmmkgoym jlisjsi

∆LE

<LKKGE

3LE

<LKGE

1" E

1K

1' Jmmkgkd|o| kf jlisd ledkqoci$ jlisol jgecqoci kq i|siq|'

%o/ LE<LKLd " GE

<LE

<LKGE

1" ELd

%oo/ LE<LKKLKLE

<" GE

<LE

<LKGE

1" LE

<LKKE

Jlisol jgecqoci

%ooo/ LE<LKKLE

<" GE

<LE

<LKGE

1" LE

<KE

Mised jlisjsi

<' Xjqsojd ecqkd|o| kf mised ljgoci ~ose jdbjdogi ecqknig xiqkuoci'

E1K

1LE

<L≪G LE

<LKGE

1

GjKE

:?'::': Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Os iuo|s| j| j comiq cyi sk ecqknig akgcogn'

E

t

K EGLE

<“ L L “ LE

<

G“E K

t

E



<:6

Lkdkyqdi|| lq|sjddogi |kdoc$ |kdyadi og ~jsiq jgc jdlkekd'

Os o| sei dij|s qijlsovi jmkgn jloc ciqovjsovi'

:?'::'1 Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi|

:' Ecqkd|o| 0

Ljsjd|ic a jloc kq jdbjdo$ os o| ecqkd|ic sk jloc'

E"

%j/ LE<LKGE1 LE<LKKE " GE<

E1K %jlisol jloc/

GjKE%a/ LE

<LKGE

1LE

<LKKGj " GE

<%\kcoym jlisjsi/

1' ôse ELd

Os o| fiiad aj|ol$ fkqm| yg|sjadi |jds ~ose |sqkgn ogkqnjgol jloc'

LE<LKGE

1" ELd LE

<LKGE

1' ELd

%jmoci ecqkledkqoci/

<' Kg ciecqjsokg a eijsogn ~ose X1K

9os fkqm| mised ljgoci'

X1K9LE

<LKGE

1LE

<L≪G

“ E1K

3' Os ygciqnki| Ekff mjgg‟| qijlsokg ~ose Aq1 +GjKE fkqmogn mised

jmogi'

Aq1

LE<LKGE

1LE

<GE

1" LK

1GjKE

:?'::'< Y|i| kf jlisjmoci

:' Fkq sei xqixjqjsokg kf mised ljgoci'

1' Og dijseiq sjggogn'

<' J| |kdciqogn fdyu'

3' J| j xdj|solo|iq og ldkse'



<:>

\IDF IVJDYJSOKG


:' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn o| dij|s jlocol

%j/ L1E

9KE %a/ LE

<LKKE

%l/ L6E

9KE %c/ LdLE

1LKKE

1' ijbi|s jloc jmkgn sei fkddk~ogn o|

%j/ Jlisol jloc %a/ Xeigkd

%l/ jsiq %c/ Jlisdigi

<' I|siq fkqmjsokg ogvkdvi| sei qijlsokg kf

%j/ jg jdcieci jgc j biskgi

%a/ Jg jdlkekd ~ose QMnU

%l/ S~k mkdilydi| kf jg jloc ~ose ciecqjsogn jnigs

%c/ Jg jldejdoci ~ose jg jdlkekd

3' Eijsogn j mousyqi kf |kcoym jlisjsi jgc |kcj domi novi|

%j/ misejgi %a/ isejgi

%l/ jlisoljloc %c/ aigpigi

9' Sei jloc ~eole qicyli| Skddig.| qijnigs o|%j/ jlisol jloc %a/ aigpkol jloc

%l/ fkqmoljloc %c/ kujdol jloc

LE<

t

6' Sei OYXJL gjmi kf LE<

“ LE1

“ LE “ LKKE o|

%j/ κ-mised aysqol jloc %a/ <-mised aysjgkol jloc

%l/ 1-mised aysjgkol jloc %c/ O|k xigsjgkol jloc

>' Sei O|kmiqo|m iueoaosic a LE<LE

1LKKE jgc LE

<LKKLE

<o|

%j/ misjmiqo|m %a/ xk|osokg%l/ lejog %c/ fyglsokgjd

5' Sei jloc sejs ljggks ai xqixjqic a Nqongjqc qijnigs

%j/ jlisol jloc %a/ fkqmol jloc

%l/ aysqol jloc %c/ aigpkol jloc



<:5

?' êole kqciq kf jqqjgnimigs o| lkqqils ogsiqm| kf sei |sqignse kf sei jloc

%j/ LE<“LE

1LKKE 7 LE

<LKKE 4 ELKKE 4 LdLE

1LKKE

%a/ LdLE1LKKE 4 ELKKE 4 LE

<LKKE 4 LE

<LE

1LKKE

%l/ LE<“LE

1LKKE 4 LE

<LKKE 4 ELKKE 4 LdLE

1LKKE

%c/ ELKKE 7 LE<LE

1LKKE 4 LE

<LKKE 7 LdLE

1LKKE

:8' Sei lkmxkygc ~eole ygciqnki| ogsqjmkdilydjq ciecqjsokg ~ose X1K

9

o|

%j/ jlisol jloc %a/ fkqmol jloc

%l/ xqkxokgol jloc %c/ Aysqol jloc

E:68kL

::' L = K ; Sei xqkcyls o|

EK

%j/ LK " E1K %a/ ELKKE

%l/ E1

" LK1

%c/ ELEK " K1

:1' êig ledkqogi o| xj||ic seqkyne jlisol jloc og xqi|igli kf qic X$ os fkqm|'

%j/ jlisd ledkqoci %a/ Sqoledkqk jlisjdcieci

%l/ Sqoledkqk jlisol jloc %c/ Mised ledkqoci

:<' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc| ~odd qijls ~ose GjELK<

|kdysokg sk

novi |kcoym |jds jgc LK1 ;%j/ jlisol jloc %a/ g-eiujgkd

%l/ xeigkd %c/ akse %j/ jgc %l/

:3' êig xqkxjgkol jloc o| sqijsic ~ose jzyiky| |kcoym - aoljqakgjsjsi$

LK1

o| doaiqjsic' Sei !L! kf LK1

lkmi| fqkm

%j/ mised nqkyx %a/ ljqakudol jloc nqkyx

%l/ misedigi nqkyx %c/ aoljqakgjsi

:9' Ljqakudol jloc| jqi mkqi jlocol sejg xeigkd jgc jdlkekd ailjy|i kf

%j/ ogsiq mkdilydjq ecqknig akgcogn

%a/ fkqmjsokg kf comiq|

%l/ eoned jlocol ecqknig

%c/ nqijsiq qi|kgjgli |sjaodo|jsokg kf seioq lkg`ynjsi aj|i

:6' Jmkgn sei fkddk~ogn sei |sqkgni|s jloc o|

%j/ LdLE1LKKE %a/ Ld

<LLKKE

%l/ LE<LKKE %c/ Ld

1LELKKE



<:?

:>' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc o| kxsoljdd jlsovi ;

%j/ LE<LE

1LKKE %a/ EKKL“LE

1“LKKE

%l/ LE<LE%KE/LKKE %c/ Ld

1LELKKE

:5' LE<LE%KE/LKKE ; Sei xqkcyls o|

E1K

1 +Fi1"

%j/ LE<LKLKKE %a/ LE

<LE

1LKKE

%l/ LE<LEKELEK %c/ LKKELE

1LKKE

:?' Sei lkmxkygc fkygc og |kmi |skg cixk|os og bocgi| o|

%j/ xksj||oym kujdjsi %a/ kujdol jloc

%l/ xksj||oym |yllogjsi %c/ ljdloym kujdjsi

18' Isedigi ljgoci kg ecqkd|o| y|ogn jloc novi|

%j/ kujdol jloc %a/ |yllogol jloc

%l/ jcoxol jloc %c/ xqkxokgol jloc


:' êjs jqi ljqakudol jloc| ;

1' Novi sei |kyqli jgc sqovojd gjmi| kf

%o/ L<E

>LKKE jgc %oo/ ELKKE'

<' Ek~ o| sei lkgviq|okg kf jliskgosqodi sk jlisol jloc iffilsic ;

3' Akdogn xkogs kf ljqakudol jloc| jqi eoneiq sejg sek|i kf jdlkekd| kf

|jmi mkdilydjq mj|| - qij|kg kys'

9' Fkqmol jloc qicyli| Skddig.| qijnigs$ ays jlisol jloc cki| gks-Novi

qij|kg|'

6' ^qosi s~k si|s| kf ljqakudol jloc'

>' Novi sei qi|kgjgli |sqylsyqi kf ljqakudjsi jgokg'

5' Migsokg sei ogcylsovi iffils og mkgkledkqk jlisol jloc'

?' ^qosi j gksi kg i|siqofoljsokg qijlsokg ~ose jg iujmxdi':8' êjs ejxxig| ~eig ljdloym |jds kf jlisol jloc o| co|soddic'

::' Migsokg sei y|i| kf kujdol jloc'

:1' ejs o| sei jlsokg kf codysi |ydxeyqol jloc ~ose djlsol jloc ;

:<' Novi sei |sqylsyqi kf djlsd ledkqoci jgc djlsoci'



<18


:' Ek~ o| kujdol jloc mjgyfjlsyqic fqkm |kcoym fkqmjsi ;

1' Iuxdjog sei o|kmiqo|m iueoaosic a ljqakudol jloc|'

<' ^qosi j gksi kg sei jlocol gjsyqi kf jlisol jloc'

3' Novi sei milejgo|m ogvkdvic og sei i|siqofoljsokg kf j ljqakudol jloc

~ose jdlkekd'

9' Iuxdjog ~e ljqakudol jloc| aiejvi j| jloc|' Co|ly|| aqoifd sei iffils

kf idilsqkg ~osecqj~ogn jgc ckgjsogn |ya|sosyigs| kg jloc |sqignse kf

ljqakudol jloc|'

6' Jllkygs fkq qicylogn gjsyqi kf Fkqmol jloc'

>' Iuxdjog sei fkddk~ogn 0

%o/ Lekdkqk jlisol jloc o| |sqkgniq jloc sejg jlisol jloc'

%oo/ Fdykqk jlisol jloc o| |sqkgniq jloc sejg ledkqk jlisol jloc'

%ooo/ Fkqmol jloc o| |sqkgniq jloc sejg jlisol jloc'

5' Ek~ o| aigpkol jloc kasjogic fqkm

%j/ %a/ xeigd ljgoci %l/ ljqakg cokuoci

?' Ek~ ck ky co|sognyo|e fkqmol jloc fqkm jlisol jloc ;

:8' qosi sei xqkcyls| og ijle kf sei fkddk~ogn'

LKKE ndliqkd%o/ t

LKKE <5< B

LKKE GE<

%oo/ tLKKE

%ooo/ LE1

LKKEGE

<tLE

1LKKE

LE1LE

<



<1:

::' Ek~ jqi sei fkdd~ogn lkgviq|okg| ljqqoic kys ;

%o/ \jdoldol jloc j|xoqog

%oo/ \jdoldol jloc mised |jdoldjsi

%ooo/ Djlsol jloc djlsoci

:1' êjs ejxxig| ~eig djlsol jloc o|

%o/ sqijsic ~ose codysi E1\K

3

%oo/ eijsic jdkgi

%ooo/ kuoco|ic ~ose jdbjdogi BMgK3

:<'Novi sei y|i| kf %j/ kujdol jloc jgc %a/ |jdoldol jloc':3' Kysdogi sei milejgo|m kf %j/ fkqmjsokg kf isedjlisjsi fqkm jlisol jloc

jgc ised jdlkekd' %a/ Ecqkd|o| kf ised ljgoci sk xqkxokgol jloc'

:9' Iuxdjog sei kqciq kf |sqignse kf sei fkddk~ogn jloc|'

%j/ LLd<LKKE 7 LELd

1LKKE 7 LE

1LdLKKE 7 LE

<LKKE

%a/ x-gosqkxeigkd 7 m-gosqk xeigkd 7 xeigkd 7 lqi|kd'

\YMMJQ_ 0

Jdoxejsol mkgk ljqakudol jloc|$ ecqku jloc|$ coljqakudol jloc$

jqkmjsol mkgkljqakudoljloc$ jqkmjsol ecqku jloc$ jqkmjsol coljqakudoljloc - |sqylsyqi jgc gkmigldjsyqi - lkmmkg gjmi jgc OYXJL gjmi| - dkgn

lejog fjss jloc - a sei |jxkgofoljsokg kf fjs| jgc kod|'

Nigiqjd misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg - Kuocjsokg kf jdlkekd| jdcieci|$

ecqkd|o| kf ljgoci|$ i|siq| jgc y|ogn Nqongjqc.| qijnigs'

Xqkxiqsoi| - Ecqknig akgcogn - comiqol - eoneiq akodogn xkogs| - |kdyaodos

og ~jsiq'

Jlocol xqkxiqs iuxdjogic a qi|kgjgli |sjaodo|jsokg kf sei ljqakudjsi

jgokg - Fkqmjsokg kf |jds$ i|siq| jgc jmoci' I|siqofoljsokg$ jgecqoci

fkqmjsokg$ ciljqakudjsokg - κ-ejdknigjsokg - fkqmjsokg kf jloc ledkqoci'

Fkqmol jloc$ coffiq fqkm kseiq ljqakudol jloc ailjy|i kf sei xqi|igli

kf jdcecol %E “ L = K/ nqkyx' Eigli os qicyli| Fiedogn.| |kdysokg$ Skddig|

qijnigs jgc jdbjdogi xiqmjgnjgjsi'



<11

Jqkmjsol jloc| - Aigpkol jloc$ |jdoldol jloc$ xesejdoljloc - xqixjqjsokg

- a kuocjsokg$ ecqkd|o|$ Nqongjqc qijnigs jgc Bkdai.| |gsei|o|' Xqkxiqsoi|

- Fkqmjsokg kf |jds$ i|siq|$ jloc ledkqoci|$ jmoci| jgc idilsqk xeodol

|ya|sosysokg js aigpigi qogn jgc y|i|'

Ciqovjsovi| kf jloc| - dobi i|siq|$ jloc ledkqoci$ jloc jgecqoci$ jmoci -

|sqylsyqi jgc gkmkgldjsyqi -xqixjqjsokg jgc xqkxiqsoi| - qidjsovi qijlsokg -

ecqkd|o| sk jloc| - qicylsokg - y|i|'

QIFIQIGLI\ 0

:' Sius Akkb kf Kqnjgol Leimo|sq - Ajed jgc Jqyg Ajed'

1' J nyoci akkb sk Milejgo|m og kqnjgol leimo|sq' - Xisiq| \bi| -

Xijq|kg Icyljsokg Dsc'

[[[[[[[



<1<

18' KQNJGOL GOSQKNIG LKMXKYGC\

DIJQGOGN KA@ILSOVI\

H Gosqk jdbjgi| - \sqylsyqi$ o|kmiqo|m$ sjyskmiqo|m - Gkmigldjsyqi -

xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq gosqk lkmxkygc|'

H Dijqgogn - sei misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg$ xqkxiqsoi|$ y|i| kf gosqkjdbjgi|'

H Qilkngo|ogn sei xqi|igli kf κ -ecqknig - qimkvic a aj|i sk nigiqjsi

ljqajgokg'

H Jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc| - |sqylsyqi jgc gkmigldjsyqi$ xqixjqjsokg -

Gosqjsokg kf aigpigi - milejgo|m - xqkxiqsoi| - qicylsokg ygciq coffiqigs

lkgcosokg| - Co|soglsokg ais~iig jqkmjsol jgc jdoxejsol gosqk lkmxkygc|'

H Jdoxejsol jmogi| - |sqylsyqi$ ldj||ofoljsokg$ o|kmiqo|m$ gkmigldjsyqi -

xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi|'

H Dijqgogn nigiqjd misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg$ xqkxiqsoi| - Co|soglsokg

ais~iig :k $ 1k $ <k - jmogi|'

H Jqkmjsol jmogi| - jqjdbd jmogi - xqixjqjsokg$ xqkxiqsoi| kf

aigpdjmogi'

H Jgodogi - xqixjqjsokg$ xqkxiqsoi|$ - aj|ol |sqignse jgc qi|kgjgli - y|i|'

H Co|soglsokg ais~iig jdoxejsol jmogi jgc jgodogi$ - isedjmogi jgc

jgodogi$ aigpd jmogi jgc jgodogi'

H Jdoxejsol gosqodi| - |sqylsyqi - gkmigldjsyqi'

H Aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci - xqixjqjsokg - xqkxiqsoi| qidjsic sk os|

|gseisol omxkqsjgli'



<13

18': KQNJGOL GOSQKNIG LKMXKYGC\

Jdoxejsol Gosqk Lkmxkygc|

Gosqk jdbjgi| jqi gosqk ciqovjsovi| kf xjqjffog| kasjogic a sei

qixdjlimigs kf j ecqknig jskm a j gosqk nqkyx'

Gkmigldjsyqi 0 Q“GK1

Gosqk jdbjgi| jqi gjmic a xqifouogn ―gosqk‟ sk sei gjmi kf xjqigs

ecqkljqakg'

L1E

9GK

1L

<E

>GK

1Gosqk isejgi Gosqk xqkxjgi

Sei mj ai xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq cixigcogn kg ~eiseiq sei

gosqknqkyx o| jssjleic sk j xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq ljqakg jskm'

Q Q

QLE1GK

1LEGK

1Q L “ GK

1

Q Q

:k 1k <k

Og sei OYXJL ||sim sei xk|osokg kf sei gosqknqkyx o| ogcoljsic a

gymaiq'GK

1tLE

<“ L E “ L E

<1-gosqk xqkxjgi

LE<LE

1LE

1“ GK

1:-Gosqk xqkxjgi

LE<

“ L E “ L E1

“ GK1

:-Gosqk-1-mised xqkxjgitLE

<

LE<

:-Gosqk-1$1-comised xqkxjgit

LE<

“ L “ LE1

“ GK1

t

LE<

LE<

tLE

<“ L “ LE

<1-gosqk$ 1-mised xqkxjgi

tGK

1



<19

O|kmiqo|m 0

Ai|oci| lejog jgc xk|osokg o|kmiqo|m Gosqkjdbigi |ek~| fyglsokgjd

o|kmiqo|m'

O|kmiqo|m 0

Gosqk lkmxkygc| iueoaos sei fkddk~ogn seqii sxi| kf o|kmiqo|m'

:' Lejog o|kmiqo|m jqo|i| cyi sk sei coffiqigli og sei jqqjgnimigs kf

ljqakg jskm|'

LE<

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ GK1

%dogijq lejog/

:-gosqk aysjgi

LE<

“ L E “ L E1

“ GK1

%aqjgleic lejog/tLE

<:-gosqk-1-mised xqkxjgi

1' Xk|osokg o|kmiqo|m jqo|i| cyi sk sei coffiqigli og sei xk|osokg kf

gosqk nqkyx'

LE<

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ GK1

:-gosqk xqkxjgi

LE< “ LE “ LE<tGK

1

1-gosqk xqkxjgi

<' Fyglsokgjd o|kmiqo|m o| cyi sk sei coffiqigli og sei gjsyqi kf

fyglsokgjd nqkyx' Gosqk jdbjgi| jqi fyglsokgjd o|kmiq| kf jdbd gosqosi|'

K

LE<

“ G LE<

“ K “ G = K

KGosqk misejgi Mised gosqosi

3' Sjysk miqo|m 0 Gosqkmisejgi iueoaos| sjyskmiqo|m$ j |xilojd sxikf o|kmiqo|m'

K K

LE<

“ G %gosqkfkqm/ jgc LE1

= G %jlogosqkfkqm/

K KE



<16

Sei|i s~k fyglsokgjd o|kmiq| iuo|s og izyodoaqoym'

K K

LE<

“ G LE1

= G

K KEGosqk Jlogosqk

Seo| o| |joc sk iueoaos %――Gosqk-jlogosqk‟‟/ sjyskmiqo|m'

Akse xqomjq jgc |ilkgcjq gosqk lkmxkygc| iueoaos sei|i bogc| kf

sjyskmiqo|m'

18':': Xqixjqjsokg kf gosqkjdbjgi|

:' Sei jqi xqixjqic a eijsogn jg jdbd ejdoci ~ose jzyiky| isejgkdol

|odviq gosqjsi'

:' Q““U " JnGK1

JnU " Q ““ GK1

LE<LE1Ld " JnGK1 JnLd " LE<LE1 GK1

1' A coqils gosqjsokg kf jdbjgi| 0 Eiujgi jgc kseiq eoneiq jdbjgi|

ljg ai gosqjsic qijcod ~ose fymogn gosqol jloc kq ~ose kuoci| kf gosqknig'

Ek~iviq sei dk~iq ecqkljqakg| ljg ai gosqjsic kgd og sei vjxkyq xej|i

js eoneiq simxiqjsyqi' %61< “ >>< B/'L

6E

:3" EKGK

1L

6E

:<GK

1" E

1K

388kLLE

3" EKGK

1LE

<GK

1" E

1K

misejgi gosqol jloc gosqk misejgi

18':'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Gosqk jdbjgi| jqi lkdkyqdi|| xdij|jgs |middogn dozyoc|' Gosqkmisejgi o|

|kdyadi og ~jsiq$ eoneiq mimaiq| jqi |xjqognd |kdyadi og ~jsiq ays qijcod

|kdyadi og kqnjgol |kdvigs|'

Sei jqi eoned xkdjq lkmxkygc|' Eigli sei jqi eone akodogn sejg seijdbd ejdoci| jgc jdbjgi|' Gosqk misejgi o| |donesd jlocol'

" K“

"K“

E “ L E1

“ G LE1

= G %Gosqkdol jloc/

K KE

%Gosqkfkqm/ %Sjyskmiqo|m/ %Jlo fkqm/



<1>

Sei jlofkqm lkgsjog| qixdjlijadi ecqknig jskm' Eigli os co||kdvi| og

jdbjdo |kdysokg fkqmogn |jds dobi lkmxkygc|'

" K“ "

LE1

= G " GjKE LE1

= G “ K“ " E1K

K “ E K“ Gj"

Seo| jgokg iueoaos| qi|kgjgli'

"

K“

“ "

K“

“ "

K

LE1 = G LE1 “ G LE1 “ GK“ K K

“

Kgd xqomjq jgc |ilkgcjq gosqk lkmxkygc| aiejvi j| jloc| og xqi|igli

kf |sqkgn jdbjdo'

Seo| jgokg kf sei gosqkdol jloc o| ogvkdvic og mjg kf sei xqkxiqsoi| kf

gosqk jdbjgi|' %Gosqk misejgi/

:' Ejdknigjsokg

Gosqk jdbjgi| jqi qijcod ejdknigjsic og κ-xk|osokg og xqi|igli kf jdbjdo'

K Aq K Aq KAq

1t Aq

1t

LE<LE

1“G LE

<“ LE “ G LE

<“ L “ G

GjKE GjKE tK K Aq K

Mkgk aqkmk co aqkmk

gosqk isejgi gosqk isejgi

Gosqkmisejgi qijls| ~ose ejdknig og xqi|igli kf jdbjdo sk fkqm sqoejdknig

ciqovjsovi' %i'n'$/ ~ose ledkqogi os fkqm| ledkqkxolqog$ LLd<GK

1~eole o|

y|ic j| |kod |siqodopogn jnigs'

GjKE

LE<GK1 " <Ld1 LLd< GK1 " <ELdLedkqk xolqog

%sqoledkqk gosqk misejgi/

1' Qijlsokg ~ose jdcieci| jgc biskgi|

Lkgcig|jsokg ~ose jdcieci| jgc biskgi| og xqi|igli kf jdbjdo |kdysokg

sk novi Gosqkjdlkekd|'



<15

cod' GjKEELEK " LE

<GK

1LE

1KE“LE

1GK

1

1-gosqk isejgkd

cod' GjKELE

<LEK " LE

<GK

1LE

<LEKE“LE

1GK

1

:-gosqk-1-xqkxjgkd

cod' GjKELE

<LKLE

<" LE

<GK

1%LE

</1LKE“LE

1GK

1

:-gosqk-1-mised-1-xqkxjgkd

<' Qicylsokg 0 %o/ \g+ELd kq Fi+ELd kq E1 +Qjgi golbid qicyli| gosqk

jdbjgi| sk jdbd jmogi|'

\g+ELd

Q “ G K1

" 6 RE] QGE1

" 1E1K

\g+ELdLE

<“ GK

1" 6 RE] LE

<GE

1" 1E

1K

Misedjmogi

%oo/ Qicylsokg ygciq giysqjd lkgcosokg| y|ogn Pg+GE3Ld kq Pg+LjLd

1-

ecqkud jmogi| jqi fkqmic'

Pg+GE3Ld

Q“GK1

" 3 %E/ QGEKE " E1K

Ecqkud jmogi

Pg+GE3Ld

LE<

“ LE1GK

1" 3 RE] LE

<LE

1GEKE " E

1K

%Gosqk isejgi/ ised ecqkudjmogi

3' Ecqkd|o| 0êig akodic ~ose mogiqjd jloc| xqomjq gosqk jdbjgi$ ygciqnki|

co|xqkxkqsokgjsokg qijlsokg sk fkqm ljqakudol jloc jgc ecqkudjmogi'

ELd

LE<LE

1GK

1" E

1K LE

<LKKE " GE

1KE

jlisol jloc ecqkudjmogi



<1?

18':'< Y|i| kf gosqk jdbjgi| 0

:' Sei jqi nkkc |kdvigs| fkq j djqni gymaiq kf kqnjgol lkmxkygc|

ogldycogn vogd xkdmiq|$ liddydk|i i|siq|$ |gseisol qyaaiq|$ kod|$ fjs|$ ~jui|

jgc ci|'

1' Y|ic og kqnjgol |gsei|o|'

Jllkygs fkq sei fkddk~ogn 0

%j/ Gosqk isejgi o| |kdyadi og GjKE |kdysokg'

%a/ Gosqk isejgi qijls| ~ose gosqky| jloc'

%l/ 1-mised-1-gosqk xqkxjgi o| gioseiq |kdyadi og GjKE gkq qijls| ~ose

gosqky| jloc'

Jg|~iq|'

%j/ iueoaos| sjyskmiqo|m kf gosqkfkqm jgc jlofkqm' Jlofkqm o| jlocol

jgc |kdyadi og GjKE'

%a/ LE<LE

1GK

1ej| s~k κκκκκ-ecqknig jgc sejs qijls| ~ose EGK

1'

%l/ LE<t

LE<

“ L “ LE<

tGK1

ej| gk κκκκκ-ecqknig' Eigli os cki| gks ejvi sei jakvi xqkxiqsoi|'

1' Xqicols sei xqkcyls'

GjKELE

<GK

1" Ld

1;

Jg|~iq 0 LLd<GK

1%ledkqk xolqog/

<' ejs ejxxig| ~eig gosqk isejgi o| akodic ~ose ELd ;

Jg|~iq 0 LE<LKKE " GE

1KE



<<8

18'1 JQKMJSOL GOSQK LKMXKYGC\

Sei|i jqi sei |ya|sosysokg xqkcyls| kf jqkmjsol ecqkljqakg| dobi

aigpigi' Kgi kq mkqi ecqknig jskm| kf sei jqkmjsol qogn jqi qixdjlic a

gosqk nqkyx'

Gosqkaigpigi x-gosqk skdyigi m-cogosqk aigpigi 1$3$6-sqogosqk skdyigi

Seiqi jqi |kmi jqkmjsol lkmxkygc| ~eole ck gks ejvi gosqk nqkyx

coqilsd dogbic sk sei jqkmjsol gyldiy|' Sei Gosqk nqkyx o| xqi|igs og sei

|oci lejog'

Xeigd gosqk misejgi :-gosqk$:-xeigd isejgi

Gosqk aigpigi$ sei |omxdi|s kf jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc|$ o| ljddic ―kod

kf moqajgi‟'

18'1': Xqixjqjsokg kf gosqk aigpigi

Os o| xqixjqic a sei jlsokg kf j mousyqi kf lkg' EGK< jgc lkg' E1\K3

%gosqjsogn mousyqi/ kg aigpigi mjogsjogogn sei simxiqjsyqi aidk~ <<< B'

Lkgl'E

1\K

3" EGK

<" E

1K

<<8B

\ydxeyqol jloc nigiqjsi| sei idilsqkxeodi “GK1"$ gosqkgoym okg-fqkm

gosqol jloc' Seo| o| jg iujmxdi kf jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg'

"

GK1

GK1

LE<

GK1

GK1

LE<

GK1

GK1

K1G

LE1GK

1

LE<

t

LE“GK1

GK1

GK1

Lkgl'

E

GK1

E

GK1

"



<<:

Sei nigiqjsokg kf gosqkgoym okg'

E

t

E1\K

3" EKGK

1E “ K “ GK

1" E\K

3“

"

E

t "

E “ K “ GK1

E1K " GK

1"

Sk sei gosqkgoym okg %aiogn jg idilsqkg cifoloigs |xiloi/ sei ψ akgc kf

aigpigi$ ckgjsi| j xjoq kf idilsqkg| fkqmogn j γ-akgc' J |xiloi ~ose j " vi

lejqni o| fkqmic j| jg ogsiqmicojsi' Seo| o| ljddic ―jqigoym okg‟ jgc o|

|sjaodo|ic a Qi|kgjgli'

Og sei dj|s |six$ sei ecqknig jskm jssjleic sk sei ljqakg ljqqogn sei

gosqk nqkyx o| xyddic kys j| j xqkskg$ a sei Di~o| aj|i E\K3

“$ |k sejs

|sjadi jqkmjsol ||sim o| fkqmic'

18'1'1 Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkgc| jqi iddk~ lkdkyqic dozyoc %gosqk aigpigi/ kq

|kdoc| %kseiq mimaiq|/' Gosqk aigpigi ej| sei |midd kf ―aossiq jdmkgc|‟

jgc o| ljddic ―sei kod kf Moqajgi‟' Sei jqi og|kdyadi og ~jsiq ays |kdyadi og

kqnjgol |kdvigs| |yle j| aigpigi$ isejgkd jgc iseiq' Sei ejvi eone akodogn

jgc midsogn xkogs| ~eole o| iuxdjogic a eoned xkdjq gjsyqi kf “GK1

nqkyx'

E

GK1

E

"

E

GK1

" E\K3

E

"

“

GK1

" E1\K

3



<<1

Gosqk nqkyx lkgsjog| gosqknig og "< kuocjsokg |sjsi %j| gosqknig os|idf jg

idilsqkginjsovi idimigs$ iuo|sogn og j "< kuocjsokg |sjsi/' Eigli qicylsokg

kf gosqk nqkyx o| sei omxkqsjgs leimoljd qijlsokg'

Cixigcogn kg sei gjsyqi kf sei qicylogn jnigs jgc xE kf sei qicylogn

micoym - qicylsokg xqkliic| sk coffiqigs iusigs| jgc eigli coffiqigs xqkcyls|

jqi fkqmic'

:' Qicylsokg kf gosqkaigpigi

%j/ \sqkgnd jlocol micoym

êig qicylic ~ose sog jgc ecqkledkqol jloc$ jqkmjsol gosqk

lkmxkygc| jqi lkgviqsic sk jqd jmogi|'

\g+lkg'ELdL

6E

9GK

1" 6 RE] L

6E

9GE

1" 1E

1K

kq

Fi+lkg'ELd Jgodogi

%a/ Giysqjd micoym

êig qicylic~ose j giysqjd$ qicylogn jnigs| dobi pogl cy|s jgc jzyiky|

jmmkgoym ledkqoci$ jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc| fkqm jqd ecqkudjmogi|'

Pg+GE3Ld

L6E

9GK

1" 3 RE] L

6E

9GEKE " E

1K

Xeigd ecqkudjmogi

%l/ Jdbjdogi micoym

Og jdbjdogi micoym$ Gosqk aigpigi kg qicylsokg fkqm| sei ogsiqmicojsi

xqkcyls| gosqk|kaigpigi %L6E9GK/ jgc xeigd ecqkudjmogi%L

6E

9GEKE/' Sei|i ygciqnk aomkdilydjq lkgcig|jsokg qijlsokg' Jllkqcogn

sk sei jxxqkxqojsi qicylogn jnigs og jdbjdogi micoym coffiqigs xqkcyls| jqi

kasjogic'



<<<

Gj<J|K

< +GjKE

L6E9 “ G = G “ L6E9kq ndylk|i " GjKE ↜

K

\gLd1

" GjKE jpku aigpigi

L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9“ G = G “ L

6E

9

jpk aigpigi

Pg+GjKE

L6E

9“ GE “ GE “ L

6E

9

ecqjpk aigpigi kq

%G$ G. - coxeigd ecqjpogi/

%c/ Ljsjdsol qicylsokg

Doseoym Jdymogoym ecqoci o| j xk~iqfyd ecqoci okg ckgkq' \k os qicyli|

gosqk aigpigi sk Jgodogi' Seo| qicylsokg ljg jd|k ai ljqqoic kys a E1 +Go'

DoJdE3

L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9GE

1RJgodogi]

E1 +Go

L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9GE

1Ljsjdsol

ecqknigjsokg

%i/ Idilsqkdsol Qicylsokg 0

êig gosqk aigpigi o| qicylic idilsqkdsoljdd og xqi|igli kf

lkgligsqjsic |ydxeyqol jloc$ xeigd ecqkudjmogi o| foq|s xqkcylic ~eole

qijqqjgni| sk novi x-jmogk xeigkd'

Qijlsokg| cyi sk sei aigpigi qogn 0

Aigpigi qogn ljg sjbi xjqs og idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg' Sei

xqi|igli kf gosqk nqkyx mjbi| sei qogn di|| qijlsovi Rcijlsovjsi] sk~jqc|

idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg' Gosqk nqkyx o| misjcoqilsogn nqkyx'Eigli og sei|i qijlsokg| m-|ya|sosysic xqkcyls| jqi fkqmic'

:' Gosqjsokg

Gosqk aigpigi ljg ai gosqjsic ~ose sei mousyqi kf lkgligsqjsic gosqol

jloc jgc |ydxeyqol jloc js :88k L sk novi m-cogosqk aigpigi' Y|ogn fymogn



<<3

gosqol jloc jgc lkg' |ydxeyqol jloc jgc ~eig sei simxiqjsyqi o| oglqij|ic sk

3<< B gosqk aigpigi novi| :$<$9-sqogosqk aigpigi'

Lkg'EGK<

Lkg' E1\K3 +<>< B

m-cogosqkaigpigi

Fymogn EGK<

lkg'E1\K

3 +3<< B

:$<$9-Sqogosqk aigpigi

1' Ledkqogjsokg

Ledkqogi og xqi|igli kf jgecqky| fiqqol ledkqoci nigiqjsi| xk|osovid

lejqnic |xiloi|' Ledkqogjsokg sjbi| xdjli js misj xk|osokg'

Ld1 +FiLd

<

<-ledkqk gosqk aigpigi

Fiqqol ledkqoci o| sei Di~o| jloc ljsjd|s'

<' \ydxekgjsokg

êig ~jqmic ~ose lkg' E1\K

3$ <-Gosqk aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc o|

kasjogic'

lkg'E1\K

3

∆

m-gosqk aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc

GK1 GK1

GK1

GK1

Ld

GK1

GK1

GK1

\K<E

GK1

GK1

GK1

K1G



<<9

Y|i| kf gosqk aigpigi

:' Jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc| jqi y|ic sk fkqm lkqqi|xkgcogn jmogk

lkmxkygc|'

1' Sei jqi y|ic sk xqixjqi iuxdk|ovi| dobi SGS$ :$<$9-sqogosqk aigpigi'

<' Y|ic og mjbogn ci |syff| jgc xejqmjliysoljd|'

\YMMJQ_ KF GOSQK LKMXKYGC\

Kqnjgol gosqknig lkmxkygc| - |sqylsyqi gkmigldjsyqi - o|kmiqo|m -

gosqk-jlogosqk sjyskmiqo|m'

Xqixjqjsokg - coqils gosqjsokg kf ecqkljqakg|$ gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg

~ose jdbd ejdoci'

Xqkxiqsoi| 0 Xkdjq lkmxkygc| - eone akodogn ~eig lkmxjqic sk

ecqkljqakg| kq jdbd ejdoci|' κ-ecqknig ljg ai qimkvic j| j xqkskg a j

aj|i fkqmogn ljqajgokg - Seo| ygciqnki| lkgcig|jsokg ~ose jdcieci| jgc

biskgi| - Qicylsokg og jloc$ giysqjd micoym - Omxkqsjgli kf Volskq Miiq

Si|s'

Jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc - jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg - gosqjsogn

mousyqi - jqkmjsol gosqk lkmxkygc| - iddk~ kod| kq |kdoc| - Qicylsokg ygciq

vjqoky| lkgcosokg| - jlocol$ giysqjd$ jdbjdogi micoym| jgc idilsqkdsol

qicylsokg'

Xkdgosqk lkmxkygc| - iuxdk|ovi|'

18'< JMOGI\

Jmogi| jqi lkmxkygc| ciqovic fqkm jmmkgoj a qixdjlogn kgi kq mkqi

ecqknig jskm| a jdbd kq jqd nqkyx'

'' '' ''E “ G “ E LE

<“ G“E L

6E

9“ G “ E

t t t

E E E

Jmmkgoj Jdoxejsol jmogi Jqkmjsol jmogi



<<6

Jmogi| jqi aj|ol og gjsyqi' Sei jllixs xqkskg| fkqmogn jdbd kq jqd

jmmkgoym okg|'

'' "

E" " QGE1

Q “ G E1

t

Xqkskg Jdbd jmogi E jdbd jmmkgoym okg

18'<': Ldj||ofoljsokg kf jmogi|

Jmogi| jqi ldj||ofoic j| xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi|' eig

kgi kf sei ecqknig jskm| og jmmkgoj o| qixdjlic a jdbd kq jqd nqkyx$ oso| xqomjq jmogi'

LE<LE

1GE

1L

6E

9GE

1

isedjmogi jgodogi

Of s~k ecqknig jskm| kf jmogk nqkyx jqi qixdjlic a jdbd kq jqd

nqkyx|$ os o| j |ilkgcjq jmogi'

%LE</1

GE - comised jmogi

Of seqii ecqknig jskm| jqi qixdjlic a jdbd kq jqd nqkyx|$ os o| siqsojq

jmogi'

%LE</< G - Sqomised jmogi

E Q Qt t t

Q “ G “ E Q “ G “ E Q “ G “ QXqomjq \ilkgcjq Siqsojq

:k 1k <k

Xqomjq jmogi ej| GE1

nqkyx %s~k ecqknig jskm|

akgcic sk gosqknig/

\ilkgcjq jmogi ej| GE nqkyx %kgd kgi ecqknig akgcic

sk gosqknig/

Siqsojq jmogi ej| “ G nqkyx %Gk ecqknig jskm akgcic

sk gosqknig/

Nigiqjdd sei |sqignse kf sei aj|i o| og sei kqciq'

<k jmogi 7 1k jmogi 7 :k jmogi



<<>

Ays ailjy|i kf |siqol iffils sei kqciq kf sei aj|ol |sqignse o|

1k jmogi 7 :k jmogi 7 <k jmogi

Gkmigldjsyqi kf Jdoxejsol jmogi|

OYXJL ||sim o| |omodjq sk sejs kf jdbd ejdoci|'

Mkdilydjq |sqylsyqi OYXJL gjmi Lkmmkg gjmi

LE<

“ GE1

jmogk misejgi mised jmogi

LE< “ L E “ L E< 1-jmogk xqkxjgi o|kxqkxd jmogit

GE1

LE<LE

1LE

1GE

1:-jmogk xqkxjgi g-xqkxd jmogi

LE<

“ L E “ L E1

“ GE1

:-jmogk-1-mised o|kaysd jmogi

t xqkxjgi

LE<

LE<

tLE

<“ L E “ L E “ L E

<1-jmogk-<-mised o|kxigsd jmogi

t aysjgi

GE1

LE<GE LE

1LE

<%G-mised jmogk/ ised misedisejgi jmogi

LE<GE “ LE “ LE

<1-%G-mised jmogk/ mised o|kxqkxd

t xqkxjgi jmogi

LE<

LE<

“ G “ LE “ LE1

LE<

1-%G$G-comised comised |il'aysdt t jmogk/ aysjgi jmogiLE

<LE

<



<<5

18'<'1 Nigiqjd misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg kf jmogi|

Qicylsokg kf lkmxkygc| lkgsjogogn ljqakg-gosqknig akgc|'

:' Ljsjdsol kq leimoljd qicylsokg kf gosqk jdbjgi' Xqomjq jmogi|

ljg ai kasjogic a qicylsokg kf gosqk jdbjgi| ~ose E1

+ Xs %kq Go/ kq doseoym

jdymogoym ecqoci'

<E1 +Go kq Xs

%j/ LE<

LE1

GK1

LE<LE

1GE

1" 1E

1K

Gosqk isejgi Isedjmogi

\g %kq/ Pg+ELd%a/ LE

<LE

1GK

1LE

<LE

1GE

1" 1E

1K

DoJdE3

%l/ LE<GK

1LE

<GE

1

Gosqk misejgi Mised jmogi

1' Qicylsokg kf jmoci| 0 Jmogi| ljg ai kasjogic a qicylsokg kf jmoci|

~ose doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci kq |kcoym jgc jdlkekd'

Gj+L1E

9KE

%j/ LE<LKGE

1" 3 RE] LE

<LE

1GE

1" E

1K

%Jlisjmoci/ Isedjmogi

DoJdE3%a/ LE

<LKGELE

<LE

<LE

1GELE

<%G-mised jlisjmoci/ %\ilkgcjq jmogi/

misedisedjmogi

<' Qicylsokg kf ljgoci| 0

Xqomjq jmogi| ljg ai xqixjqic a qicylsokg kf jdbd ljgoci| %gosqodi|/

~ose E1 +Go kq doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci'

Gj+L1E

9KE

%j/ LE<L ≪ G " 3 RE] LE

<LE

1GE

1

DoJdE3

%a/ LE<L ≪ G LE

<LE

1GE

1

Iseiq

E1 +Go

%l/ LE<L ≪ G LE

<LE

1GE

1



<<?

3' Qicylsokg kf jdbd o|kljgoci| 0

\ilkgcjq jmogi ljg ai xqixjqic a sei ljsjdsol qicylsokg kq qicylsokg

a doseoym jdymogoym ecqoci kf jdbd o|k ljgoci'

E1 +Xs

LE<

“ G ≪ L LE<GELE

<Mised o|kljgoci Comisedjmogi

DoJdE3LE

<“ G ≪ L LE

<GE LE

<iseiq

9' Fqkm jmoci|

A idomogjsokg qijlsokg - xqomjq jmogi o| xqixjqic'

Ekffmjg‟| exkaqkmosi qijlsokg kq Ekffmjg‟| aqkmjmoci qijlsokg

Aq1 +BKE

LE<LKGE

1LE

<GE

1" LK

1

Seo| qijlsokg ogvkdvi| sei fkqmjsokg kf

%o/ Aqkmjmoci a |ya|sosysokg kf “GE1

ecqknig' LE<LKGEAq'

%oo/ Og xqi|igli kf BKE Raj|i]$ |jds kf aqkmjmoci o| fkqmic'“

LE<LK “ G “ Aq " B"

''

%ooo/ Aqkmogi dijvi| j| aqkmoci okg fkqmogn gosqigi'

'' ''LE

<LK “ G “ Aq LE

<“ LK “ G " Aq“

'' ''Gosqigi - jg idilsqkg

cifoloigs |xiloi'

%ov/ Monqjsokg kf LE<- sk idilsqkg cifoloigs gosqknig fkqm| misedo|kljgjsi'

Ktt ''

LE<

“ L “ G K = L = G “ LE<''

''



<38

%v/ Og jzyiky| jdbjdogi micoym$ o|kljgjsi nis| ldijvic sk novi xqomjq

jmogi jgc ljqakgcokuoci'

LE<

“ G = L = K LE<GE

1" LK

1

E1“ K misedjmogi

mised o|kljgjsi

6' Fqkm jmmkgoj 0

A eijsogn jgjdbd ejdoci ~ose jdlkekdol jmmkgoj og j |ijdic syai$ j

mousyqi kf xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq$ siqsojq jmogi| jgc zyjqsiqgjq jmmkgoym

|jds jqi kasjogic'

Gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg kf jdbd ejdoci kq jdlkekd a Jmmkgkd|o|'

%Jmmkgoj o| sei gyldikxeodi og seo| qijlsokg/'

%j/ LE<Aq " GE

<LE

<GE

1" EAq

LE<Aq " LE

<GE

1%LE

</1

GE " EAq

LE<Aq " %LE

</1

GE %LE</<

G " EAq

LE<Aq " %LE</< G %LE</3 G" Aq“

Sisqjmised jmmkgoym aqkmoci %j zyjqsiqgjq jmmkgoym |jds/

%a/ Jmogi| ljg ai xqixjqic a xj||ogn sei vjxkyq| kf jdlkekd jgc

jmmkgoj kviq eijsic jdymogj js 6>< B' J mousyqi kf xqomjq |ilkgcjq

jgc siqsojq jmogi| jqi xqkcylic'

Jd1K

<LE

<LE

1KE " GE

<%LE

<LE

1/ GE

1" E

1K

>1<B:k jmogi

Jd1K

<LE

<LE

1KE " %LE

<LE

1/1

GE %LE<LE

1/1GE " E

1K

1kjmogicoised jmogi

Jd1K

<LE

<LE

1KE " %LE

<LE

1/1GE %LE

<LE

1/<

G " E1K

<k jmogisqoisedjmogi



<3:

LK

LK

Og akse kf sei jakvi misekc|$ xyqi jmogi| ljggks ai xqixjqic' Kgd

mousyqi kf jmogi| jqi kasjogic'

>' Njaqoid‟| xesejdomoci |gsei|o| kf xqomjq jmogi'

BKE QUGE GB G“Q

xesejdomoci xksj||oym xesejdomoci G-jdbd xesejdomoci

jzyiky| BKE

" QGE1

jdbdjmogi

xksj||oym xesejdjsi

Seo| ogvkdvi| sei sqijsmigs kf xesejdomoci ~ose xksj||oym ecqkuoci sk

fkqm xksj||oym |jds' Sei |jds o| seig eijsic ~ose jg jdbd ejdoci sk novi

G-jdbd xesejdomoci$ ~eole og syqg qijls| ~ose xksj||oym ecqkuoci sk fkqm

j xksj||oym xesejdjsi |jds jgc j xyqi xqomjq jmogi'

18'<'< Xqkxiqsoi|

:' Jmogi| jqi xkdjq mkdilydi|$ ljxjadi kf fkqmogn |sqkgn

ogsiqmkdilydjq ecqknig akgc|'

Q Q Qt t t

'''''' G “ E t t t t t t G “ E ''''' G“Et t tE E E

Seo| iuxdjog| eoneiq akodogn xkogs| %lkmxjqic sk ecqkljqakg|/ jgc

|kdyaodos og ~jsiq jgc jdlkekd' Eoneiq mimaiq| jqi di|| |kdyadi og ~jsiq'

1' Nigiqjdd jmogi| ejvi fo|e kckyq'

<' Sei |sqignse kf ecqknig akgc| jgc eigli sei akodogn xkogs| kf jmogi|

jqi og sei kqciq'

\ilkgcjq jmogi 7 Xqomjq jmogi 7 Siqsojq jmogi

LK

LK

LK

LK

LKKB

LKKB



<31

Seqii jdbd nqkyx| eogciq sei fkqmjsokg kf ecqknig akgc| kq jllixsogn

kf xqkskg|'


:' Aj|ol xqkxiqsoi| 0

%j/ Aj|ol gjsyqi kf jmogi|

Sei gosqknig og jmogi| xk||i|| jg yg|ejqic xjoq kf idilsqkg| %dkgi

xjoq/' Sei dkgi xjoq kf idilsqkg| o| jvjodjadi fkq sei fkqmjsokg kf j gi~ akgc

~ose j xqkskg kq Di~o| jloc|' Sey| jmogi| jqi aj|ol og gjsyqi jgc sei qijls

~ose jloc| sk fkqm |jds|'

Jmogi| jqi ~ijb aj|i| jgc sei xqkcyli |mjdd jmkygs kf okg| og jzyiky|

|kdysokg|' Sei iusigs kf okg fkqmjsokg o| ci|lqoaic a jg izyodoaqoym lkg|sjgs

Ba' Seo| aj|olos lkg|sjgs iuxdjog| sei qidjsovi |sqignse kf j ~ijb aj|i'

\sqkgniq aj|i| ~odd ejvi eoneiq gymiqoljd vjdyi| kf %Ba/ seo| lkg|sjgs'

Qidjsovi aj|ol |sqignse

Sei nqijsiq o| sei gymaiq kf idilsqkg qidij|ogn jdbd nqkyx|$ sei nqijsiq

sei jvjodjaodos kf gosqknig‟| dkgi xjoq jgc |sqkgniq sei aj|i'

LE<'' '' tGE< 4 LE<GE1 4 LE< “ GE

''

Ays og sqomised jmogi akgcogn a xqkskg o| qidjsovid coffolyds cyi sk

|siqol lqk~cogn kf mised nqkyx|'

Jmogi| qijls ~ose ~jsiq fkqmogn jdbd jmmkgoym ecqkuoci'

''"

LE<

“ GE1

" E1K LE

<GE

<KE“

mised jmmkgoym ecqkuoci

%a/ \jds fkqmjsokg 0

Jmogi| jqi aj|ol lkmxkygc|' Sei qijls ~ose jloc| sk fkqm jdbd

jmmkgoym |jds|'

LE<GE

1" ELd LE

<GE

<" Ld“

mised jmmkgoym ledkqoci

''



<3<

1' Jdbdjsokg kf jmogi 0

êig jg jmogi o| sqijsic ~ose jdbd ejdoci$ ecqknig jskm| jssjleic sk

sei gosqknig jskm jqi |ylli||ovid qixdjlic a jdbd nqkyx|' Og sei fogjd

|six$ sei siqsojq jmogi jcc| kgi mkdilydi kf sei jdbd ejdoci sk oidc j

zyjsiqgjq jmmkgoym |jds'

LE<Aq LE

<Aq LE

<Aq

LE<GE

1LE

<GELE

<%LE

</1

GLE<

%LE</3

G"Aq“

:k jmogi 1k jmogi <k jmogi Zyjqsiqgjq |jds|

Sei|i qijlsokg| ogvkdvi \G1 milejgo|m'

<' Jldjsokg kf jmogi 0

Kg sqijsmigs ~ose jlisd ledkqoci kq kg eijsogn ~ose jlisol jgecqoci$

G-jdbd jlisjmoci o| fkqmic'

LE<LKLd

LE<GE

1LE

<GELKLE

<

Mised jmogi G-mised jlisjmoci

LE<LKKLKLE

<

Jlisol jgecqoci

Akse sei jakvi qijlsokg| ogvkdvi gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg -

sei gyldikxeodi aiogn jdbd jmogi jgc sei dijvogn nqkyx sei ejdoci okg kq

jlisjsi okg'

3' Qijlsokg ~ose Gosqky| jloc 0

%j/ Xqomjq jmogi| qijls ~ose gosqky| jloc sk fkqm jdlkekd| jgc gosqknig

nj|'

LE<GE

1" K = G “ KE RLE

<“G=G “ KE] LE

<KE " G

1

xqomjq jmogi yg|sjadi

Jdoxejsol cojpkgoym lkmxkygc o| yg|sjadi ailjy|i kf ja|igli kf

qi|kgjgli |sjaodo|jsokg'

Jlisd ledkqoci



<33

%a/ \ilkgcjq jmogi| qijls ~ose gosqky| jloc sk fkqm G-gosqk|k jmogi|

~eole jqi ~jsiq og|kdyadi iddk~ kod|'

%LE</1

G E " EK “ G = K %LE</1

G “ G = K

\ilkgcjq jmogi G-gosqk|k comised jmogi - iddk~ kod

%og|kdyadi og ~jsiq/

%l/ Siqsojq jmogi| qijls ~ose gosqky| jloc sk fkqm sqojdbd jmmkgoym

gosqosi |jds| ~eole jqi |kdyadi og ~jsiq'

%LE</<

G " EKGK %LE</<

GE" GK1

“

Siqsojq jmogi sqomised jmmkgoym gosqosi

%|jds |kdyadi og ~jsiq/

9' Ljqadjmogi qijlsokg 0

Xqomjq jmogi| kg eijsogn ~ose ledkqkfkqm jgc jdlkekdol xksj|e fkqm|

j fkyd |middogn |ya|sjgli ljddic ljqadjmogi kq jdbd o|kljgoci'

LE<GE

1" LELd

<" <BKE LE

<GL " <BLd " <E

1K

Ledkqkfkqm Mised o|kljgoci

Seo| qijlsokg o| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf xqomjq jmogi|' \ilkgcjq jgc

siqsojq jmogi| ck gks ygciqnk seo| qijlsokg'

6' My|sjqc kod qijlsokg 0

Seo| o| jd|k j qijlsokg lejqjlsiqo|sol kf xqomjq jmogi' êig xqomjq

jmogi| jqi ~jqmic ~ose ljqakgco|ydxeoci jgc miqlyqol ledkqoci$ jdbd

o|kseokljgjsi$ ejvogn j xygnigs my|sjqc dobi kckyq o| kasjogic'

LE<GE

1" \ = L = \ LE

<“ G = L = \ " E

1\

Ljqakgco|ydxeoci mised o|kseokljgjsi

>' Fkqmjsokg kf \leoff‟| aj|i

Xqomjq jmogi| lkgcig|i ~ose jqkmjsol jdcieci| fkqmogn \leoff‟|

aj|i|'

L6E

9LEK " E

1G LE

<L

6E

9LE = GLE

<\leoff‟| aj|i

%aigpjd-G-mised jmogi/



<39

18'<'3 Co|soglsokg ais~iig xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi|

Xqomjq jmogi \ilkgcjq jmogi Siqsojq jmogi

QGE1

Q1GE Q

<G

:' ôse EGK1

fkqm| fkqm| G-gosqk|k fkqm| |jds'

jdlkekd' jmogi'

1' ôse LELd< +BKE Gk qijlsokg' Gk qijlsokg

fkqm| ljqadjmogi

<' ôse jlisd ledkqoci fkqm G$G-cojdbd Gk qijlsokg

fkqm| G-jdbd jlisjmoci'jlisjmoci'

3' ôse L\1

jgc EnLd1

Gk qijlsokg Gk qijlsokg

jdbd o|kseokljgjsi

o| fkqmic'

9' ôse Coised kujdjsi Fkqm| G$G-cojdbd Gk qijlsokg

kujmol i|siq$ j dozyoc'

LKGQ1

tLKKL

1E

9

cojdbd kujmoci$ j

|kdoc js qkkm

simxiqjsyqi o|

fkqmic'

6' ôse seqii mkdjq ose s~k mkdjq ôse kgd kgi

xqkxkqsokg kf jdbd xqkxkqsokg kf mkdjq xqkxkqsokg

ejdoci$ zyjqsiqgjq jdbd ejdoci$ kf jdbd ejdoci

jmmkgoym |jds- zyjsiqgjq zyjqsiqgjq

lq|sjddogi jmmkgoym |jds jmmkgoym |jds

lkmxkygc o| fkqmic' o| fkqmic'

o| fkqmic'

<QU " QGE1

Q3G"U“ Q

1GE " 1QE Q

3G" U“ Q

<G " QU Q

3G" U“

18'3 Jqkmjsol jmogi|Jmogi| lkgsjogogn xeigd nqkyx jqi bgk~g j| jqkmjsol jmogi|' Sei|i

jqkmjsol jmogi| jqi kf s~k sxi|'

%o/ Jmogi| og ~eole sei jmogk nqkyx o| coqilsd jssjleic sk sei aigpigi

qogn'

LKKL1E

9LKGEQ

t 1QGE1

t

LKKL1E

9LKGEQ



<36

%oo/ Jmogi| og ~eole sei jmogk nqkyx o| jssjleic sk sei |oci lejog kf

aigpigi qogn'

aigpd jmogi

Jqjdbd jmogi| 0

Sei|i jqi jmogi| ejvogn jqkmjsol ||sim |yle j| aigpigi qogn ays sei

jmogk nqkyx o| xqi|igs og sei |oci lejog'

Aigpd jmogi x-Skdd jmogk misejgi

ROYXJL 0 xeigd jmogk misejgi]

18'3': Xqixjqjsokg kf aigpd jmogi

:' Qicylsokg kf aigpkgosqodi| kq aigpjmoci|

A sei qicylsokg kf aigpkgosqodi kq aigpjmoci ljsjdsoljdd kq ~ose

Doseoym Jdymogoym Ecqoci'

E1 +Go

L6E

9L ≪ G L

6E

9LE

1GE

1

Aigpkgosqodi

DoJdE3

E1 +Xc

L6E

9LKGE

1

AigpjmociL

6E

9LE

1GE

1

DoJdE3

GE1

LE1GE

1

LE1GE

1LE

1GE

1

E<L



<3>

1' Fqkm aigpdaqkmoci

A sei jlsokg kf jdlkekdol jmmkgoj kg aigpd aqkmoci'

L6E

9LE

1“ Aq " E“GE

1L

6E

9LE

1GE

1" EAq

18'3'1 Xe|oljd Xqkxiqsoi|

Lkdkyqdi|| dozyoc$ |xjqognd |kdyadi og ~jsiq' Os o| j ~ijbiq aj|i sejg

misedjmogi'

Leimoljd Xqkxiqsoi|:' Aj|ol xqkxiqsoi| 0

Os qijls| ~ose jloc| sk fkqm |jds'

L6E

9LE

1GE

1" ELd L

6E

9LE

1GE

<Ld“

aigpdjmogi aigpd jmmkgoym ledkqoci

1' \ya|sosysokg js Gosqknig

G-jdbdjsokg 0 ôse jdbd ejdoci os fkqm| |ilkgcjq jmogi$ siqsojq jmogi

jgc fogjdd zyjsiqgjq jmmkgoym |jds'

LE<Aq LE

<Aq

L6E

9LE

1GE

1L

6E

9LE

1GELE

<L

6E

9LE

1G %LE

</1

L6E

9LE

1G %LE

</<

Aq“ LE

<Aq

G-Jlisdjsokg 0

ôse jlisd ledkqoci kq eijsogn ~ose jlisol jgecqoci G-aigpd jlisjmoci

o| fkqmic'

L6E

9LE

1“ GE

1" LdLKLE

<L

6E

9LE

1GELKLE

<" ELd

G-aigpd jlisjmoci

L6E

9LE

1GE

1" %LE

<LK/

1K L

6E

9LE

1GELKLE

<" LE

<LKKE

G-aigpd jlisjmoci

<' ôse gosqky| jloc

ôse gosqky| jloc os fkqm| aigpd jdlkekd'

L6E

9LE

1GE

1" K = G “ KE L

6E

9LE

1KE " G

1

"

"



<35

3' Kuocjsokg

Kg kuocjsokg ~ose xiqmjgnjgjsi sei |oci lejog ~ose sei jmogk nqkyx o|

kuoco|ic sk novi aigpkol jloc'

BMgK3

RK]

Aigpdjmogi Aigpkol jloc

18'3'< Jqkmjsol jmogi| 0

Sei|i jqi lkmxkygc| og ~eole jmogk nqkyx o| coqilsd akgcic sk j

ljqakg jskm fkqmogn sei aigpigi kq jg jqkmjsol qogn'

Jgodogi k-Skdyocogi

Jgodogi kq jmogk aigpigi$ K-Skdyocogi kq kqsekjmogk skdyigi' Sei|i

jqi jd|k ljddic gyldijq |ya|sosysic jmogi|'

18'3'3 JgodogiXqixjqjsokg 0

Mjgyfjlsyqi 0

:' A sei ljsjdsol qicylsokg kf gosqk aigpigi'

Vjxkyqo|ic gosqk aigpigi ~ose ecqknig o| xj||ic kviq lkxxiq |yxxkqsic

kg |odolj js 93< B jgc jgodogi o| kasjogic'

E1 +Ly+\oK

1

93< B

1' A sei leimoljd qicylsokg kf gosqkaigpigi ygciq |sqkgnd jlocol

lkgcosokg |yle j| \g+ELd kq ~ose Ecqoci ckgkq| dobi DoJdE3'

\g+ELd" 1E

1K

%E/

LE1GE

1LKKE

GE1 GE

1

LE<

GK1

GE1

GK1 GE

1



<3?

Qicylsokg ~ose Fi+lkg' ELd o| y|ic fkq sei djqni |ljdi xqixjqjsokg kf

jgodogi'

<' A sei jmmkgkd|o| kf ledkqk aigpigi js eone simxiqjsyqi jgc

xqi||yqi og xqi|igli kf lkxxiq |jds|$ jgodogi o| xqixjqic'

LyLd1

L6E

9Ld " 1GE

<L

6E

9GE

1" GE

3Ld

jmmkgoym ledkqoci

3' Ekffmjgg qijlsokg 0 Y|ogn aigpjmoci'

êig jg jmoci o| sqijsic ~ose aqkmogi jgc jdbjdo$ sei jmoci o| lkgviqsic

ogsk xqomjq jmogi lkgsjogogn kgi ljqakg di|| sejg sejs kf jmoci'

Aq1

L6E

9LKGE

1L

6E

9GE

1" LK

1BKE

18'3'9 Xqkxiqsoi|

J lkdkyqdi|| kod dozyoc |xjqognd |kdyadi og ~jsiq' \kdyadi og kqnjgol

|kdvigs' Os ej| eoneiq akodogn xkogs sejg aigpigi$ailjy|i kf ogsiqmkdilydjq

ecqknig akgcogn' Seo| dozyoc syqg| aqk~g kg iuxk|yqi sk joq cyi sk

kuocjsokg'

Aj|ol gjsyqi kf Jqkmjsol jmogi| 0

Jgodogi o| di|| aj|ol sejg jdoxejsol jmogi|' Seo| o| ailjy|i$ sei dkgi xjoq

kf idilsqkg| kg sei gosqknig jskm o| ogvkdvic og qi|kgjgli jgc o| gks ij|od

jvjodjadi fkq ckgjsokg sk xqkskg|' Ailjy|i kf xk|osovi lejqni kg gosqknig

xqkskgjsokg ailkmi| coffolyds'

Lkg|izyigli kf sei qi|kgjgli |ek~g jakvi 0

:' ijbiq aj|i sejg jdoxejsol jmogi'

1' Sei idilsqkg cig|os o| oglqij|ic og sei aigpigi qogn jgc eigli sei

aigpigi qogn o| jlsovjsic sk~jqc| idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg'

E1G0 E

1G"

%“/

E1G"

%“/

%“/

E1G"



<98

<' Kqsek jgc xjqj xk|osokg| jqi mkqi idilsqkg cig|i eigli idilsqkxeodol

|ya|sosysokg sjbi| xdjli js kqsek jgc xjqj xk|osokg|'

3' Gosqknig o| |sqkgnd akygc sk sei gyldiy| eigli o| gks ij|od qimkvic'

%xjqsojd L-G ckyadi akgc lejqjlsiq/

:' Aj|ol xqkxiqs 0

Sei|i fkqm lq|sjddogi |jds| ~ose |sqkgn mogiqjd jloc| |yle j| ELd kq

E1\K3'

L6E

9GE

1" ELd L

6E

9GE

<Ld“

jgodogi ecqkledkqoci kq xeigd

jmmkgoym ledkqoci

1' \ya|sosysokg kf gosqknig 0

%j/ Jdbdjsokg ~ose jdbd ejdoci| os fkqm| 1k$ <k jmogi| jgc fogjdd

zyjsiqgjq jmmkgoym |jds'

LE<O

L6E

9GE

1" LE

<O L

6E

9GELE

<L

6E

9G %LE

</1

1k jmogi <k jmogi

%G-mised jgodogi/ %G$ G-comised jgodogi/

LE<OL6E9G %LE</1 L6E9G %LE</< O“

Xeigd sqomised jmmkgoym okcoci

%a/ Jgodogi qijls| ~ose jlisd ledkqoci jgc jlisol jgecqoci sk fkqm

lkqqi|xkgcogn jmoci| ljddic jgodoci|'

L6E9GE1 " LdLKLE< L6E9GELKLE< " ELd

Jlisd ledkqoci G-xeigd jlisjmoci

L6E

9GE

1" LE

<LKKLKLE

<L

6E

9GELKLE

<" LE

<LKKE

Jlisol jgecqoci Jlisjgodoci

%l/ ose Aigpkd ledkqoci' Og xqi|igli kf |kcoym ecqkuoci$ aigpjgodocio| fkqmic'

GjKEL

6E

9GE

1" LdLKL

6E

9L

6E

9GELKL

6E

9

aigpkd ledkqoci aigpjgodoci

Seo| qijlsokg o| jg iujmxdi kf \lekssig-Ajymjgg qijlsokg'

"

"



<9:

<' Fkqmjsokg kf \leoff| aj|i

Jgodogi o| Xqomjq jqkmjsol jmogi' Os qijls| ~ose jdcieci| sk fkqm

jdcomogi| kq \leoff‟| aj|i'

L6E

9GE

1" K = LEQ L

6E

9G = LEQ

%Jdcomogi kq \leoff‟| aj|i/

Og jdd sei jakvi qijlsokg| sei ogosojd |sjni o| sei gyldikxeodol jssjlb'

Sei gyldikxeodi o| sei jmogi jgc sei |osi kf jssjlb o| ioseiq ejdknig ljqqogn

ljqakg kq ljqakgd ljqakg' Seo| o| jg jccosokg - idomogjsokg qijlsokg'

3' Qijlsokg ~ose gosqky| jloc 0

<' J lkdc |kdysokg kf |kcoym gosqosi qijls| ~ose jgodogi co||kdvic og

ecqkledkqol jloc$ j ldijq |kdysokg o| kasjogic' Seo| |kdysokg lkgsjog|

―aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci‟' Seo| qijlsokg o| bgk~g j| ―cojpkso|jsokg‟'

ELdL

6E

9G E

1" K=G“KE L

6E

9“ G = G “ Ld

%Aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci/

9' Ljqadjmogi qijlsokg 0

Jgodogi qijls| ~ose ledkqkfkqm jgc jdlkekdol BKE sk novi jg kffig|ovi|middogn dozyoc$ xeigd o|kljgoci'

∆L

6E

9GE

1" LELd

<" <BKE L

6E

9GL " <BLd " <E

1K

%xeigd o|kljgoci/

6' Kuocjsokg 0

Jqkmjsol jmogi| jqi qijcod kuoco|ic a coleqkmjsi jgc |ydxeyqol jloc

sk x-aigpkzyogkgi'

B1Lq1K> +E"

GE1

K

K



<91

>' Qijlsokg ~ose ljqakgd ledkqoci 0

Ljqakgd ledkqoci fkqm \-coxeigd yqij ~ose jgodogi' Og sei foq|s |six

xeigd o|kljgjsi o| fkqmic' %L6E

9G = L = K/'

1L6E

9GE

1" LKLd

1L

6E

9GE

Ljqakgd ledkqoci L=K " 1ELd

L6E

9GE

\-coxeigd yqij

%―\‟ |sjgc| fkq |mmisqol/

5' ôse ljqakgco|ydxeoci$ \-coxeigd seokyqij o| fkqmic' Xeigd

o|kseokljgjsi o| fkqmic og sei foq|s |six' %L6E

9“G=L=\/

1L6E

9GE

1" L\

1L

6E

9GE

ljqakgco L=\ " E1\

|ydxeoci L6E

9GE

\-coxeigd

seokyqij

%―\‟ |sjgc| fkq |mmisqol/

?' Idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg qijlsokg

Ailjy|i kf sei xqi|igli kf - jlsovjsic aigpigi qogn og jgodogi$ idilsqkxeodol

|ya|sosysokg qijlsokg xqkliic ygciq modciq lkgcosokg|'

%j/ Ejdknigjsokg 0

Jgodogi cilkdkyqo|i| aqkmogi ~jsiq ~ose sei fkqmjsokg kf ~eosi

xqiloxosjsi$ ~eole o| 1$3$6-sqoaqkmkjgodogi'

" <Aq1 +E1K " <EAq

1$3$6-gosqk aqkmkjgodogi

GE1

GE1

Aq

Aq

Aq



<9<

%a/ \ydxekgjsokg 0

Eijsogn ~ose fymogn |ydxeyqol jloc$ x-jmogk aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc o|

fkqmic'

<9<B" E

1\K

3" E

1K

Kqsek jmogk aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc o| |siqoljdd di|| fjvkyqic'

%l/ Gosqjsokg 0 Gosqjsokg o| jllkmxjgoic a kuocjsokg

Ays j mousyqi kf lkg'EGK<

jgc lkg' E1\K

3novi| m-gosqkjgodogi jd|k'

Seo| ljg ai iuxdjogic j| fkddk~|'

Gosqol jloc o| j |sqkgn jloc' Os xqkskgjsi| jgodogi fkqmogn jgodogoyg okg'

L6E

9GE

<"' Ailjy|i kf xk|osovi lejqni kg gosqknig os o| misj coqilsogn'

EGK<

GK1" GjKE

E1\K

3 %EGK< " E1\K3/

%m-gosqkjgodogi/

x-gosqk jgodogi o| xqixjqic og sei fkddk~ogn seqii |sjni|'

LE<LKLd EGK

< +E

1\K

3E

<K"

" LE<LKKE

18'3'6 Y|i| kf jgodogi

:' Fkq xqixjqogn ci| jgc ci ogsiqmicojsi|'

1' Fkq sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf jgso kuocjgs| og Qyaaiq ogcy|sq'

<' Fkq xqixjqogn cqyn| %i'n'$/ |ydxej cqyn|'

3' Fkq mjbogn o|kljgjsi| qizyoqic fkq xkdyqisejgi xdj|sol|'

GE1

\K<E

GK1

GK1

GELKLE<

GK1 GK

1

GE1

GE1

"

GE<

GE<" GE

1

GE1

GELKLE<

GE1



<93

\YMMJQ_

JMOGK LKMXKYGC\

\sqylsyqi$ gkmigldjsyqi$ ldj||ofoljsokg jgc o|kmiqo|m ogldycogn

misjmiqo|m - kf jdoxejsol jmogi|'

Xqixjqjsokg - Qicylsokg kf gosqk lkmxkygc|$ jmoci|$ ljgoci| -

xesejdomoci |gsei|o| - gyldikxeodol |ya|sosysokg - Jmmkgkd|o|'

Xqkxiqsoi| - ecqknig akgcogn jgc xkdjq - eoneiq akodogn xkogs| - aj|ol

jgc gyldikxeodol lejqjlsiq'

Ldj||ofoljsokg - xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi - Aj|ol |sqignse

kf jmogi| - G-jdbdjsokg$ G-jldjsokg$ ljqadjmogi qijlsokg - zyjsiqgjq

jmmkgoym |jds'

Y|i| - Co|soglsokg ais~iig xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi|'

Jqjdbd jmogi - Aigpd jmogi - xqixjqjsokg - qicylsokg kf jmoci|$

ljgoci| - xqkxiqsoi|' ijbiq j aj|i sejg jdoxejsol jmogi| - novi| qijlsokg|

kf jdoxejsol xqomjq jmogi - kuocjsokg kf |oci lejog sk novi aigpkol jloc'

Jqkmjsol jmogi| - jgodogi jgc skdyocogi| - |sqylsyqi$ gkmigldjsyqi jgc

o|kmiqo|m - xqixjqjsokg - qicylsokg kf gosqk aigpigi - leimoljd jgc ljsjdsol

- ledkqk aigpigi jgc jmmkgoj$ Ekffmjgg qijlsokg'

Xqkxiqsoi| - ogsiq mkdilydjq ecqknig akgcogn - eoneiq akodogn xkogs -

di|| aj|ol sejg jdoxejsol jmogi| - qi|kgjgli og jgodogi - G-jdbdjsokg$ G-

jldjsokg$ fkqmjsokg kf \leoff‟| aj|i$ ljqadjmogi qijlsokg$ qijlsokg ~ose

xek|nigi$ ljqakgco|ydxeoci - Fkqmjsokg kf xeigkd - cojpkso|jsokg jgc

fkqmjsokg kf jpk ci| - idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg og sei aigpigi qogn -

aqkmogjsokg$ |ydxekgjsokg jgc gosqjsokg - y|i|'

18'9 JDOXEJSOL GOSQODI\

Jdbd ljgoci| 0

Sei|i jqi lkmxkygc| og ~eole kgi ecqknig jskm o| qixdjlic fqkm j

ecqkljqakg a j ―ljgoci‟ nqkyx'

ELG Q “ LG Q “ E



<99

Sei ljg jd|k ai lkg|ociqic j| aiogn ciqovic fqkm ecqkljgol jloc'

Gkmigldjsyqi 0

Lkmmkg ||sim 0 A jccgn ―ljgoci‟ sk sei gjmi kf sei jdbd nqkyx'

LE<

“ LG

Mised ljgoci

―Jloc gosqodi‟ ||sim 0

Og seo| ||sim$ sei jqi gjmic kg sei aj|o| kf sei jloc sei xqkcyli kg

ecqkd|o|'LE

<“ L ≪ G “ Ecqkd|o| LE

<LKKE

Jlisol jloc

Eigli os o| ljddic ―Jliskgosqodi‟'

L6E

9“ L ≪ G “ Ecqkd|o| L

6E

9LKKE

Aigpkol jloc

Eigli os o| ljddic ―aigpkgosqodi‟'

OYXJL ||sim 0Sei jqi gjmic a |yffouogn ―gosqodi‟ sk sei gjmi kf sei xjqigs

ecqkljqakg'

Fkqmydj J| ljgoci J| jloc gosqodi OYXJL gjmi

ELG Ecqknig ljgoci Fkqmkgosqodi Misejgi gosqodi

LE<LG Mised ljgoci Jliskgosqodi Isejgi gosqodi

LE<LE

1LG Ised ljgoci Xqkxokgosqodi Xqkxjgi gosqodi

%kq/

xqkxokgkgosqodi

LE<“LE“LE

<o|kxqkxd o|kaysqkgosqodi 1-mised-xqkxjgi

t ljgoci gosqodi

LG %kq/

1-ljgk xqkxjgi

%j| j |ya|sosyigs/

< 1



<96

18'9': Y|i| kf Gosqodi|

Os o| jg omxkqsjgs |gseisol qijnigs sk xqixjqi$ jdcieci|$ jloc|$ jmoci|$

i|siq|$ jmogi| jdlkekd| isl'

Jlqdk gosqodi %LE1=LE“LG/ o| y|ic og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf |gseisol

xkdmiq| dobi XJG'

Jliskgosqodi %LE<LG/ o| y|ic j| j |kdvigs fkq iusqjlsokg$ lq|sjddo|jsokg

jgc j| qijlsokg micoym'

18'6 Aigpigi Cojpkgoym Ledkqoci 0 L6E9G1

"

Ld“

Jqd cojpkgoym |jds| fkqm jg omxkqsjgs ldj|| kf lkmxkygc|$ lejqjlsiqo|ic

a sei xqi|igli kf sei fyglsokgjd nqkyx “G" ≪ G %cojpkgoym okg/ coqilsd

akgcic sk jg jqd nqkyx “Jq'

Sei jqd cojpkgoym okg Jq-G" ≪ G fkqm| |jds| ~ose jgokg| |yle j| Ld“$

Aq“$ GK1

“$ E\K3

“$ AF3

“ isl'$ Sei|i jqi lkddilsovid ljddic jqd cojpkgoym

|jds|'

Gkmigldjsyqi 0

A jccogn ―cojpkgoym‟ sk sei gjmi kf sei xjqigs jqkmjsol lkmxkygc

fkddk~ic a sei gjmi kf sei jgokg'

Sey|$ L6E

9G

1" Ld“ o| ljddic aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci'

\sqylsyqi 0 Sei idilsqkgol |sqylsyqi

" ' ' "

R Jq “ G ≪ G 0 Jq “ G = G 0 ] U“

Qi|kgjgli |sjaodo|ic cojpkgoym okg o| fyqseiq |sjaodo|ic a sei

ogvkdvimigs kf sei aigpigi qogn$ og aigpigi cojpkgoym okg'

G"≪G G"=G“

%"/

%"/

G"“G“

"

G"“G“



<9>

L“G akgc og jqd cojpkgoym |jds o| |sqkgniq sejg sejs og jdoxejsol

cojpkgoym |jds'

18'6': Xqixjqjsokg

Aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci o| xqixjqic a sei jlsokg kf gosqky| jloc kg

jgodogi js 1>< “ 1>5 B' Gosqky| jloc o| fkqmic a mouogn jzyiky| |kdysokg|

kf |kcoym gosqosi jgc mogiqjd jloc dobi ELd kq E1\K

3'

GjGK1

" ELd EGK1

" GjLd

1>< “ 1>5 BL

6

E9

GE1

" EGK1

" ELd L6

E9

G1

"Ld“ " 1E1

K

Seo| o| |sjadi kgd ygciq oli lkdc lkgcosokg' Og sei cq lkgcosokg os o|

zyosi yg|sjadi jgc cilkmxk|i| vokdigsd'

18'6'1 Xqkxiqsoi|

Lkdkyqdi|| lq|sjddogi |kdoc| syqgogn aqk~g kg iuxk|yqi sk joq' Kgd

cojpkgoym RJqG1

" AF3

“] fdyqk akqjsi ljg ai cqoic ~osekys cilkmxk|osokg$

|kdyadi og ~jsiq jgc jdlkekd jgc og|kdyadi og iseiq'


Sei jqi eoned qijlsovi lkmxkygc|' Sei ygciqnk qijlsokg og ~eole

%:/ “G1 nqkyx o| qisjogic kq %1/ idomogjsic' Og akse lj|i| y|ifyd lkmxkygc|ljg ai xqixjqic' Sei jqi j| y|ifyd j| Nqongjqc qijnigs fkq |gsei|o|'

:' Qijlsokg| og ~eole “G1" U“ o| qixdjlic'

%j/ Qicylsokg sk jqigi| 0

Aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci ~ose Exkxek|xekqky| jloc$ o| qicylic sk

aigpigi'

E<XK

1

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

6" G

1" ELd

E ELy"

Lyxqky| |jds| ljsjd|i seo| qijlsokg'

%a/ Qixdjlimigs a “KE

êig sei jzyiky| |kdysokg o| akodic$ xeigkd o| kasjogic'



<95

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9KE " G

1" ELd

E K E

Seo| o| jg iujmxdi kf \G

: qijlsokg og ~eole L6E

9G

1Ld ogosojdd novi|

L6E

9" jgc ~jsiq o| sei gyldikxeodi'

%l/ Qixdjlimigs kf QK“ %kq/ QLKK“ nqkyx| 0

\omodjqd “G1Ld ljg ai qixdjlic a jdbku nqkyx a ~jqmogn ~ose jdlkekd

kq a jldku nqkyx a akodogn ~ose ljqakudol jloc|'

L6E9 G1 Ld L6E9KLE< " G1 " ELdLE

<K E Jqkmjsol iseiq|

RJdlkekd o| sei gyldikxeodi] %jgo|kdi/

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9KLKLE

<" G

1" ELd

LE<LKK E Xeigd jlisjsi

RLjqakudjsi okg o| sei %i|siq/

gyldikxeodi]

%c/ Qixdjlimigs a Okcogi 0

Jzyiky| |kdysokg kf cojpkgoym |jds qijls| ~ose xksj||oym okcoci |kdysokgsk fkqm Okckaigpigi'

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9O " G

1" BLd

O B ROkcoci jgokg o| sei gyldikxeodi]

%i/ Qixdjlimigs a Gosqk nqkyx 0

Cojpkgoym |jds ~eig sqijsic ~ose |kcoym gosqosi og sei xqi|igli kf

lyxqky| okg j| j ljsjd|s fkqm| Gosqk lkmxkygc|'

GjGK1

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9GK

1

Ly"

1' Qixdjlimigs a ledkqogi kq aqkmogi 0

%j/ \jgc Miiq Qijlsokg 0

êig jzyiky| |kdysokg kf cojpkgoym ledkqoci o| ~jqmic ~ose Ly1Ld

1

kq Ly1Aq

1og ejdknig jloc$ ejdknigjsic aigpigi o| fkqmic'



<9?

ELdL

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9“ Ld " G

1

Ly1Ld

1

EAqL

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9Aq " G

1Ly

1Aq

1

%a/ Njssiqmjgg qijlsokg 0

êig sei cojpkgoym ledkqoci |kdysokg o| ~jqmic ~ose lkxxiq xk~ciq

jgc sei ecqknig ejdoci$ sei lkqqi|xkgcogn ejdkaigpigi o| kasjogic' Okckaigpigi ljggks ai xqixjqic a seo| xqklicyqi'

LyL

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9Ld " G

1ELd

LyL

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9Aq " G

1EAq

<' Qixdjlimigs a ljgoci nqkyx 0

Sei cojpkgoym |jds |kdysokg ~eig sqijsic ~ose lyxqky| ljgoci +

xksj||oym ljgoci mousyqi$ xeigd ljgoci o| fkqmic'

Ly1%LG/

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9LG " G

1" ELd

GL B

Sqijsmigs kf cojpkgoym ledkqoci ~ose BLG |kdysokg og xqi|igli kf

lkxxiq$ jd|k novi| xeigd ljgoci'

LyL6E9G1Ld " BLG L6E9LG " G1 " BLd

3' Qixdjlimigs a jg jqd nqkyx 0 %Nkmaiqn Ajlemjgg Qijlsokg/

Cilkmxk|osokg kf cojpkgoym |jds| og xqi|igli kf |kcoym ecqkuoci jgc

aigpigi$ qi|yds| og sei fkqmjsokg kf Aoxeigd'



<68

GjKEL

6E

9G

1Ld " L

6E

6L

6E

9“ L

6E

9" G

1" ELd

Aoxeigd

Seo| qijlsokg o| bgk~g j| ―Nkmaiqn‟ kq ―Nkmaiqn Ajlemjgg‟

qijlsokg'

Sei jakvi qijlsokg| ck gks fkddk~ |sqolsd \G

milejgo|m' Og|sijc fqii

qjcoljd| jqi fkqmic j| ogsiqmicojsi|'

9' Qicylsokg 0

Cojpkgoym ledkqoci o| qicylic sk xeigd ecqjpogi kg sqijsmigs ~ose\gLd1 +ELd kq Pg+ELd kq GjE\K

<'

3RE]

L6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9GEGE

1" ELd

6' Cojpkgoym lkyxdogn qijlsokg 0

Cojpkgoym |jds qijls| ~ose jqkmjsol jmogi jgc xeigkd| sk novi jpk

lkmxkygc| kf sei nigiqjd fkqmydj'

Jq “ G = G “ Jq .

Seo| qijlsokg o| bgk~g j| Lkyxdogn qijlsokg |ogli jdd sei|i lkmxkygc|jqi ogsig|id lkdkyqic jgc y|ic j| ci|$ seky|jgc| kf jpk ci| ejvi aiig

|gsei|o|ic a seo| xqklicyqi'

L6E

9G

1Ld " L

6E

9“G = G

Rx-ecqku jpk aigpigi]

Qic ci

Sei jqkmjsol lkmxkygc ~ose ~eole os lkyxdi| |ekydc ejvi jg kgi kf

sei nqkyx| dobi “KE$ “GE1$ “KQ$ “GEQ$ “GQ

1isl' lkyxdogn y|yjdd kllyq|

js xjqj xk|osokg'

JDD SEI LKYXDOGN QIJLSOKG\ OGVKDVI

O' Fkqmjsokg kf cojpkgoym okg L6E

9G

1" %jg idilsqkxeodi/

OO' Idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg kg idilsqkg qole jqkmjsol lkmxkygc| dobi

xeigkd|$ jmogi| isl'$ js xjqj-xk|osokg'

KE KE



<6:

OOO' Cojpk lkyxdogn qijlsokg sjbi| xdjli og oli lkdc lkgcosokg'

L6E

9G

1" "

G$ G - comised jgodogi x-comised jmogk jpk aigpigi

Qijlsokg ~ose xqomjq jmogi sjbi| xdjli og j coffiqigs ~j 0

%O/

Cojpkjmogkaigpigi

%\ya|sosysokg js Gosqknig/

%OO/

RQijqqjgnimigs] x-jmogk jpk aigpigi

%\ya|sosysokg js ljqakg/

Y|i| kf cojpkgoym |jds| 0

Os o| j viq vjdyjadi ogsiqmicojsi og sei xqixjqjsokg kf mjg ldj|| kf

lkmxkygc| dobi xeigkd|$ ejdoci|$ ljgoci| isl'

Vjdyjadi djakqjskq qijnigs| dobi xeigd ecqjpogi ljg ai xqixjqic'

Viq y|ifyd og sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf jpk ci|'

KEE

"L

6E

9G

1

KE

E

"L

6E

9G

1

KE KE " E"

L6E

9G=G

G1Ld " G%LE

</1

G=G G%LE</1

G1Ld " E

1G G=G“GE

G=GG=G“GE GE1

∆

ELd



<61

\YMMJQ_

Aigpigi Cojpkgoym ledkqoci - |sqylsyqi - cojpkso|jsokg kf jgodogi -

xqkxiqsoi| - |sjadi js dk~ simxiqjsyqi - ecqknigkd|o| sk aigpigi$ ecqkd|o|

sk xeigkd$ fkqmjsokg kf ejdk aigpigi$ ljgk aigpigi$ gosqkaigpigi$ jgo|kdi

- qicylsokg sk xeigd ecqjpogi - cojpk lkyxdogn ~ose jqkmjsol jmogi| jgc

xeigkd| - fkqmjsokg kf ci|'

Gjmi qijlsokg|

:' \jgcmiiq qijlsokg 1' Njssiqmjgg qijlsokg

<' Nkmaiqn qijlsokg 3' Cojpk lkyxdogn qijlsokg

Jdbd ljgoci| - gkmigldjsyqi j| Gosqodi|'

\IDF IVJDYJSOKG


:' Aqkmk isejgi qijls| ~ose |odviq gosqosi sk novi

%j/ L1E

9GK

1%a/ L

1E

9“K“GK

%l/ L1E

9Jn " GjAq %c/ L

1E

9GL

1' Sei o|kmiqo|m iueoaosic a jgc LE<

LE1

“ K “ G = K o|

%j/ xk|osokg %a/ lejog %l/ fyglsokgjd %c/ sjyskmiqo|m

<' Og gosqk jdbjgi| “GK1 nqkyx o| lkgviqsic sk “GE1 nqkyx a sei qijlsokg

~ose

%j/ \g+ELd %a/ Pg cy|s %l/ Pg+GE3Ld %c/ Pg+GjKE

3' êig gosqkmisejgi o| qicylic ~ose Pg cy|s " GE3Ld og giysqjd micoym$

~i nis

%j/ LE<GE1 %a/ L1E9GE1 %l/ LE<GEKE %c/ L1E9LKKE

9' Sei lkmxkygc sejs o| mk|s qijlsovi sk~jqc| idilsqkxeodol gosqjsokg o|

%j/ Skdyigi %a/ aigpigi %l/ aigpkol jloc %c/ gosqkaigpigi

6' Gosqkmisejgi lkgcig|i| ~ose jlisjdcieci sk novi

%j/ gosqk xqkxjgi %a/ :-gosqk-1-xqkxjgkd

%l/ 1-gosqk-:-xqkxjgkd %c/ <-gosqk xqkxjgkd

>' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc| ej| sei |midd kf aossiq jdmkgc| ;

%j/ jgodogi %a/ gosqk misejgi

%l/ aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc %c/ gosqkaigpigi

K

LE<

“ LE1

“ G

K



<6<

5' Gosqjsokg kf gosqkaigpigi qi|yds| og

%j/ k-cogosqk aigpigi %a/ :$<$9-sqogosqk aigpigi

%l/ x-cogosqk aigpigi %c/ m-cogosqk aigpigi

?' Gosqkaigpigi kg idilsqkdsol qicylsokg og lkg' |ydxeyqol jloc$ sei

ogsiqmicojsi fkqmic o|

%j/ L6E

9GE “ GEL

6E

9%a/ L

6E

9“ GEKE

%l/ L6E9 “ G = G “ L6E9 %c/ L6E9'E\K3

:8' Idilsqkxeodi y|ic og sei gosqjsokg kf aigpigi o|

%j/ ecqkgoym okg %a/ |ydxekgol jloc

%l/ gosqkgoym okg %c/ aqkmoci okg::' Sei qicylsokg kf LE

<“ LE

1“ L≪ G ~ose |kcoym jgc jdlkekd qi|yds| og

sei fkqmjsokg kf

%j/ %a/ LE< “ LE1 “ LE1 “ KE " G1

%l/ LE<

“ LE1

“ LE1

“ GE1

%c/ LE<

“ LE1

“ GE1

:1' Sei aj|ol lejqjlsiq kf jmogi| o| cyi sk sei

%j/ sisqjeicqjd |sqylsyqi %a/ xqi|igli kf gosqknig jskm

%l/ dkgi xjoq kf idilsqkg| kg gosqknig jskm

%c/ eone idilsqkginjsovos kf gosqknig

:<' Sei kqnjgol lkmxkygc sejs ygciqnki| ljqadjmogi qijlsokg o|

%j/ %L1E

9/1GE %a/ L

1E

9GE

1%l/ %L

1E

9/<G %c/ %L

1E

9/3

G" O“

:3' Xqomjq jmogi jls| j|

%j/ Idilsqkxeodi %a/ Di~o| aj|i %l/ Di~o| jloc %c/ Fqii qjcoljd

:9' Kuocjsokg kf jgodogi ~ose jlocofoic xksj||oym coleqkmjsi novi|

%j/ x-aigpk zyogkgi %a/ aigpkol jloc

%l/ aigpjdcieci %c/ aigpd jdlkekd

:6' êole kgi kf sei fkddk~ogn o| j |ilkgcjq jmogi ;

%j/ jgodogi %a/ coxeigd jmogi %l/ |il'aysdjmogi %c/ siqs'aysdjmogi

GjGK1 +ELd

:>'L6E

9GE

1U' Ocigsof U'

%j/ L6E

9Ld %a/ L

6E

9GEKE

%l/ L6E

9G

1Ld %c/ L

6E

9KE

LE<

“ LE“ LE<

tGE

1



<63

:5' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn ~odd gks ygciqnk cojpkso|jsokg ;

%j/ m-skdyocogi %a/ jgodogi

%l/ x-jmogk xeigkd %c/ aigpd jmogi

:?' Jgodogi coffiq| fqkm isedjmogi a sei qijlsokg ~ose

%j/ misjddol |kcoym %a/ jg jdbd ejdoci

%l/ ledkqkfkqm jgc ljy|sol xksj|e %c/ gosqky| jloc

18' êig jzyiky| |kdysokg kf aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci o| akodic sei

xqkcyls fkqmic o|

%j/ aigpd jdlkekd %a/ aigpigi " G1

%l/ xeigkd %c/ xeigd ecqkudjmogi


:' Ek~ jqi gosqk jdbjgi| xqixjqic ;

1' ^qosi jakys sei fyglsokgjd o|kmiqo|m kf gosqk misejgi ;

<' Novi sei qicylsokg kf gosqkmisejgi og %j/ jloc micoym$ %a/ giysqjd

micoym'

3' Migsokg sei y|i| kf gosqkmisejgi'

9' Ek~ ~odd ky lkgviqs aigpigi sk m-cogosqk aigpigi ;

6' Iuxdjog sei idilsqkdsol qicylsokg kf gosqk aigpigi ;>' êjs jqi jmogi| ; Ek~ jqi sei ldj||ofoic ;

5' Novi sei |sqylsyqjd fkqmydj kf %o/ 1-jmogk-1-mised xqkxjgi'

%oo/ 1-%G$ G-comised/ jmogk aysjgi

?' êjs ejxxig| ~eig jliskgosqodi o| ecqkd|ic ;

:8' ^qosi sei gjmi jgc |sqylsyqi kf fkyq o|kmiqol jmogi| ejvogn sei mkdilydjq

fkqmydj L<E

?G'

::' Ek~ ~odd ky co|sognyo|e ais~iig isedjmogi jgc coisedjmogi ;

:1' ^qosi j gksi kg sei aj|olos kf jmogi| ;

:<' Iuxdjog ~e isedjmogi o| |sqkgniq sejg jmmkgoj ;:3' êjs o| Njaqoid xesejdomoci |gsei|o| ;

:9' Ek~ o| gosqkaigpigi lkgviqsic sk jgodogi ;

:6' êjs ejxxig| ~eig jgodogi o| sqijsic ~ose aqkmogi ;

:>' êjs ejxxig| ~eig jgodogi o| sqijsic ~ose xek|nigi ;

:5' Ek~ ~odd ky co|sognyo|e ais~iig jgodogi jgc isedjmogi ;



<69

:?' Iuxdjog ~e jgodogi o| di|| aj|ol sejg misedjmogi ;

18' Ek~ o| aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci xqixjqic ;

1:' ^qosi j gksi kg \jgcmiiq qijlsokg'

11' Ek~ ~odd ky |gsei|o|i$ aigpdjmogi fqkm jgodogi ;

GjGK1

LyLG DoJdE3

Jg| 0 Jgodogi Aigpigi ljgk aigpigi Aigpd jmogiELd$ 8kL

cojpkgoym ledkqoci

1<' êjs jqi sei qijnigs| sejs ~kydc lkgviqs sei fkddk~ogn ogsk Ised jmogi| ;

%j/ LE<LKGE1 %a/ LE<LG %l/ LE<LE1GK1 %c/ LE<LE = GKE13' Jllkygs fkq sei fkddk~ogn 0

%j/ %LE</1GE o| j |sqkgniq aj|i sejg GE

<

%a/ LE<LE

1GE

1o| mkqi aj|ol sejg LE

<LKGE

1

%l/ Jgodogi o| di|| aj|ol sejg Ised jmogi

%c/ Kg |ydxekgjsokg kf jgodogi$ x-jmogk aigpigi |ydxekgol jloc o| fkqmic'

19' êjs o| sei jlsokg kf GjGK1 +ELd %jz/ js oli lkdc simxiqjsyqi kg

%j/ L1E

9GE

1%a/ L

6E

9GE

1%l/ %LE

</1GE %c/ %LE

</<G

16' êjs ejxxig| ~eig isedjmogi o| sqijsic ~ose

%j/ LELd< +GjKE %a/ L\

1%l/ LKLd

1%c/ L

6E

9LEK

1>' @y|sof 0

%j/ Cojpk lkyxdogn qijlsokg o| jg iujmxdi kf jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol

|ya|sosysokg qijlsokg

%a/ Fkqmjsokg kf jlisjgodoci fqkm jgodogi jgc jlisol jgecqoci o| j

gyldikxeodol jssjlb a jgodogi

%l/ Fkqmjsokg kf misedjmogi a jmmkgkd|o| kf mised okcoci o| jg

iujmxdi kf \G

1 qijlsokg

%c/ Jccosokg kf aqkmogi ~jsiq sk jgodogi$ novi| j ~eosi xqiloxosjsi'

Seo| o| jg iujmxdi kf jqkmjsol idilsqkxeodol |ya|sosysokg'

15' êjs o| sei jlsokg kf

%j/ Coised kujdjsi kg Isedjmogi

%a/ Coised kujdjsi kg Coised jmogi

%l/ Gosqky| jloc kg Coised jmogi

%c/ Gosqky| jloc kg Sqoised jmogi



<66

1?'Jllkygs fkq

%j/ Qicylsokg kf LE<LG novi| LE

<LE

1GE

1~eodi LE

<GL novi|

%LE</1GE

%a/ %LE</1GE qizyoqi| s~k mkdjq xqkxkqsokg kf LE

<O sk novi sei |jmi

lq|sjddogi xqkcyls fkqmic a %LE</<G ~ose kgi mkdi kf LE

<O

%l/ Gosqjsokg kf jgodogi ~ose lkg'EGK<

mj igc yx ~ose |jmi misj gosqk

xqkcyls

%c/ x-skdyocogi o| j |sqkgniq aj|i sejg x-gosqkjgodogi'

<8' Jllkygs fkq sei fkddk~ogn 0%j/ Gosqkisejgi o| |kdyadi og GjKE

%a/ Gosqk isejgi qijls| ~ose gosqky| jloc

%l/ 1-mised-1-gosqk xqkxjgi ej| gioseiq kf sei xqkxiqsoi|'

<:'êjs ejxxig| ~eig

%j/ gosqk isejgi o| akodic ~ose ELd

%a/ gosqk aigpigi o| sqijsic ~ose Doseoym Jdymogoym Ecqoci

%l/ eig Skdyigi o| sqijsic ~ose fymogn gosqol jloc jgc |ydxeyqol jloc'

<1'Jllkygs fkq%j/ Gosqjsokg kf aigpigi o| ij|oiq sejg gosqjsokg kf gosqkaigpigi

%a/ Aigpjdcieci ygciqnki| lkgcig|jsokg ~ose gosqk misejgi og xqi|igli

kf BKE

%l/ Gosqkmisejgi novi| sqoledkqk gosqk misejgi kg sqijsmigs ~ose

ledkqogi+GjKE ~eodi gosqk isejgi novi| kgd coledkqk isejgi

<<' Ek~ ljg sei fkddk~ogn lkgviq|okg| ai iffilsic ;

%j/ Gosqk aigpigi Gosqk|kaigpigi

%a/ Gosqk aigpigi jpku aigpigi%l/ Gosqkaigpigi Ecqjpkaigpigi

<3' Co|sognyo|e ais~iig

%j/ Gosqkisejgi jgc ised gosqosi

%a/ Gosqk aigpigi jgc gosqk xeigkd

%l/ Gosqk skdyigi jgc xeigd$ gosqkmisejgi



<6>


:' ^qosi sei misekc| kf xqixjqjsokg kf gosqk misejgi ;

1' Iuxdjog sei qicylsokg kf gosqk misejgi og coffiqigs micoym'

<' ^qosi j gksi kg sei ―qicylsokg kf gosqk aigpigi ygciq coffiqigs lkgcosokg|'

3' Iuxdjog sei milejgo|m kf gosqjsokg kf gosqk aigpigi'

9' ^qosi sei coffiqigli| ais~iig gosqk misejgi jgc gosqk aigpigi'

6' Novi seqii misekc| kf xqixjqogn isedjmogi fqkm jlisk gosqodi ;

>' Co|sognyo|e ais~iig xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi|'

5' ^qosi sei milejgo|m kf ―Ekffmjgg‟| aqkmjmoci qijlsokg‟'

?' Ek~ ck xqomjq$ |ilkgcjq jgc siqsojq jmogi| qijls ~ose gosqky| jloc ;

:8' ^qosi jg seqii misekc| kf xqixjqogn aigpdjmogi ;

::' Lkmmigs kg sei ―aj|ol gjsyqi‟ kf jgodogi'

:1'^qosi j gksi kg

%o/ Ljqadjmogi qijlsokg$ %oo/ My|sjqc kod qijlsokg$ %ooo/ Jlisdjsokg kf

aigpdjmogi$ %ov/ Fkqmjsokg kf \leoff‟| aj|i$ %v/ Cojpkso|jsokg qijlsokg'

:<' Co|sognyo|e ais~iig aigpdjmogi jgc jgodogi'

:3' Ek~ jqi sei fkddk~ogn lkmxkygc| kasjogic fqkm aigpigi cojpkgoym

ledkqoci ;

%o/ xeigkd$ %oo/ i|siq$ %ooo/ x-ecqku jpk aigpigi'

%C/ \kdvi sei xqkadim| 0

:' Gosqkaigpigi cki| gks ygciqnk Fqoicid-Lqjfs| jdbdjsokg' Novi qij|kg|'

Jg|' Cyi sk xk~iqfyd idilsqkg ~osecqj~ogn iffils kf sei “GK1

nqkyx$

sei aigpigi qogn og L6E

9GK

1o| cijlsovjsic sk~jqc| Fqoicid Lqjfs‟| jdbdjsokg

jgc eigli os o| y|ic j| j |kdvigs og mjg Fqocid-Lqjfs‟| qijlsokg'1' Akodogn xkogs| kf gosqkjdbjgi| jqi myle eoneiq sejg sek|i kf ecqkljqakg|

kf lkmxjqjadi mj|| - novi qij|kg|'

Jg|' Gosqkjdbjgi| jqi xkdjq og gjsyqi %¹ = < “ 3C/ jgc sey| ejvi nqijsiq

coxkdjq jssqjlsokg sejg ecqkljqakg|' Seo| qi|yds| og eoneiq vjdyi| kf a'x'

%¹ = Coxkdi mkmigs/



<65

<' Iuxdjog ~e jmogi| jqi mkqi aj|ol sejg jmoci|'

Jg|' Og |omxdi jmogi| sei dkgi xjoq kf idilsqkg| o| kg gosqknig jgc eigli

jvjodjadi fkq xqkskgjsokg' Og jmoci|$ kg sei kseiq ejgc$ sei idilsqkg xjoq kg

gosqknig o| cidkljdopic sk sei ljqakgd kunig seqkyne qi|kgjgli'

K K“

tt '' t"

Q “ L “ GE1

Q “ L = GE1

jmoci

3' Jg kqnjgol lkmxkygc %J/ ~ose mkdilydjq fkqmydj L6E

>G novi| %A/

~ose EGK1 +ELd js 1>< B' Sei jzyiky| |kdysokg kf %A/ kg eijsogn novi|lkmxkygc %L/ ~eole novi| vokdis lkdkyq ~ose giysqjd FiLd

<' Ocigsof sei

lkmxkygc| J$ A jgc L jgc ~qosi sei izyjsokg|'

Jg|' %J/ L6E

9GE

1- jgodogi$ %A/ L

6E

9G

1Ld - aigpigi cojpkgoym

ledkqoci$ %L/ Xeigkd

9' Kysdogi sei milejgo|m kf

%j/ Gosqjsokg kf jgodogi

%a/ Jlisdjsokg kf jgodogi sk fkqm jlisjgodoci

6' Kysdogi sei xqixjqjsokg kf

%j/ xjqj gosqkjgodogi fqkm jgodogi%a/ sqo aqkmk aigpigi fqkm sqoaqkmk jgodogi

>' Ogcoljsi sei milejgo|m kf

%j/ sei fkqmjsokg kf G-mised jgodogi fqkm jgodogi

%a/ sei fkqmjsokg kf x“ecqku jpkaigigi fqkm aigpigi cojpkgoym

ledkqoci

5' Iuxdjog sei fkddk~ogn kqciq kf |sqignse kf aj|i|'

%j/ %LE</1

GE 7 LE<GE

17 GE

<

%a/ x-skdyocogi 7 Jgodogi 7 x-gosqk jgodogi

Cojpkgoym ledkqoci

:' Ek~ jqi sei fkddk~ogn lkgviq|okg| iffilsic ;

%j/ L6E

9GE

1L

6E

6

%a/ L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9KE



<6?

%l/ L6E

9GE

1L

6E

9O

%c/ L6E

9GE

1L

6E

9GK

1

1' \sjqsogn fqkm jgodogi ek~ ljg sei fkddk~ogn ai xqixjqic ;

%j/ Ledkqk aigpigi %a/ x-ecqku jpkaigpigi

%l/ Aigpkgosqodi %c/ x-jmogk jpk aigpigi

<' Ek~ ljg sei fkddk~ogn lkgviq|okg ai iffilsic ;

%j/ Gosqkaigpigi sk jgo|kdi

%a/ Ledkqk aigpigi sk xeigd ecqjpogi

%l/ Jgodogi sk aigpkol jloc

%c/ Aigpigi cojpkgoym ledkqoci sk Ised aigpigi

3' Ocigsof sei idilsqkxeodi jgc gyldikxeodi og sei fkddk~ogn qijlsokg| 0

%j/ L6E

9G

1Ld " BO L

6E

9O " BLd

%a/ L6E

9G

1Ld " L

6E

9KE L

6E

9G=G“L

6E

3KE

%l/ L6E

9G

1Ld " LE

<KE L

6E

9KLE

<

%c/ L6E

9G

1Ld " E

1K L

6E

9KE

BI_

EGK1

E<XK

1:' %j/ L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

6ELd

\g+ELd EGK1

E1K

%a/ L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9KE

EGK1

BO%l/ L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9O

ELd

EGK1 GjGK1

%c/ L6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9GK

1ELd

EGK1

ELd1' %j/ L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9Ld

ELd Ly1Ld

1



<>8

EGK1

Xeigkd%a/ L

6E

9GE

1L

9E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9“G = G“L

6E

3“KE

ELd

EGK1

BLG%l/ L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9LG

ELd Ly1%LG/

1

EGK1

Jgodogi%c/ L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9G=G L

6E

3GE

1ELd

\g+ELd EGK1

LE<KE

<' L6E

9GK

1L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9KLE

<ELd

GE<

EGK1

\g+ELdL

6E

9Ld L

6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9GEGE

1

ELd ELd

EGK1 BLG E<K"

L6E

9GE

1L

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9LG L

6E

9LKKE

ELd Ly1%LG/

1

EAq GjL

6E

9G

1Ld L

6E

9Aq L

6E

9“L

1E

9Ly1Aq

1L

1E

9Aq

cq iseiq

3' %j/ O“ - gyldikxeodi

%a/ L6E

9G

1" - idilsqkxeodi

%l/ LE<KE - gyldikxeodi

%c/ E1K - gyldikxeodi

QIFIQIGLI\ 0

:' Kqnjgol qijlsokg|$ Lkgviq|okg|$ Milejgo|m & Xqkadim|' - Q'C' Mjcjg$\'Lejgc & Lk' Dsc'

1' J nyoci akkb sk Milejgo|m og kqnjgol leimo|sq' - Xisiq| \bi| -

Xijq|kg Icyljsokg Dsc' [[[[[[[



<>:

1:' AOKMKDILYDI\

DIJQGOGN KA@ILSOVI\

H Qilkngo|i| sei omxkqsjgli kf ljqakecqjsi|$ xqksiog|$ jmogk jloc| jgc

doxoc|'

H Ldj||ofoljsokg kf ljqakecqjsi|'

H \sqylsyqjd idylocjsokg kf |omxdi ljqakecqjsi|'

H Xqksiog| jgc jmogk jloc|'

H Ldj||ofoljsokg$ |sqylsyqi jgc fyglsokg| kf doxoc| og aok||sim|'

J dovogn kqnjgo|m o| j lkddilsokg kf kqnjgol mkdilydi| ~eole ogsiqjls

~ose ijle kseiq jgc ~ose seioq igvoqkgmigs og j viq ygozyi ~j' Jdd dovogn

kqnjgo|m| jqi mjci kf kgi kq mkqi lidd| ~eole jqi lkg|ociqic j| sei |mjddi|s

ygos| kf dofi' Lidd| jqi i||igsojdd xjlbis| kf leimoljd| gili||jq fkq dofi' Sei

lkmxkygc| xqi|igs og lidd| jqi lkmxk|ic kf ljqakg$ ecqknig$ kunig$

gosqknig$ xek|xekqy| jgc |ydxeyq' Gijqd jdd sei ljqakg lkmxkygc| fkygc

og dovogn lidd| ljg ai xdjlic ogsk kgi kq jgkseiq kf sei fkddk~ogn fkyq ldj||i|'

%o/ Ljqakecqjsi|$ %oo/ Jmogk jloc| jgc xqksiog|$ %ooo/ Gyldiol jloc| jgc

%ov/ Doxoc|'

1:': LJQAKE_CQJSI\

Ljqakecqjsi| jqi xkdecqku jdcieci| kq xkdecqku biskgi|' Sei

jqi gjsyqjdd kllyqogn kqnjgol |ya|sjgli|' Sei jqi xqi|igs og akse xdjgs|

jgc jgomjd|' Ljqakecqjsi| jqi fkqmic og sei xdjgs| a xeksk|gsei|o| fqkm

ljqakg cokuoci jgc ~jsiq og |ygdones'

Ldj||ofoljsokg 0

Ljqakecqjsi| mj ai ldj||ofoic ogsk s~k aqkjc nqkyx|'

:' \ynjq| jgc 1' Gkg-|ynjq| kq xkd|jllejqoci|'

:' \ynjq| 0 \ynjq| jqi |~iis lq|sjddogi |ya|sjgli| jgc |kdyadi og ~jsiq'

%o/ Mkgk|jllejqoci| 0 Sei mkgk|jllejqoci| jqi xkdecqku jdcieci|



<>1

kq xkdecqku biskgi| ~eole ljggks ai ecqkd|ic ogsk |omxdiq |ynjq|'

Sei mj jnjog ai ldj||ofoic jllkqcogn sk sei gjsyqi kf ljqakgd nqkyx'

%j/ Jdck|i|$ ~eole lkgsjog jg jdcieci nqkyx

%a/ Bisk|i|$ ~eole lkgsjog j bisk nqkyx

Sei jdck|i| jgc bisk|i| jqi fyqseiq covocic ogsk |ya-nqkyx| kg sei aj|o|

kf sei gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm| og seioq mkdilydi|$ j| sqok|i|$ sisqk|i|$

xigsk|i|$ eiuk|i| isl'

Sey| mkgk|jllejqoci| jqi nigiqjdd qifiqqic sk j| jdcksqok|i|$

jdcksisqk|i|$ jdckxigsk|i|$ jdckeiuk|i|$ biskeiuk|i| isl'

Sei jdck|i| jgc bisk|i| mj ai qixqi|igsic a sei fkddk~ogn nigiqjd

fkqmydji'

EL = K LE

1KE

t t

%LEKE/g

L = K

t t

LE1KE %LEKE/

g

jdck|i| t

LE1KE

%g = :$ 1$ <$ 3$ 9/ bisk|i|

%g = 8$ :$ 1$ <$ 3/

%oo/ Kdonk|jllejqoci| 0

Kdonk|jllejqoci| jqi |ynjq| sejs oidc s~k sk sig mkgk|jllejqoci

mkdilydi| kg ecqkd|o| jgc jqi sey| jnjog ldj||ofoic ogsk vjqoky| nqkyx|

cixigcogn yxkg sei gymaiq kf mkgk|jllejqoci ygos| fkqmic kg ecqkd|o|'

Ktt

% – L – E /

Ktt

% – L – /



<><

%j/ Co|jllejqoci| 0 Sei co|jllejqoci| jqi |ynjq| ~eole kg ecqkd|o| novi

s~k mkdilydi| kf sei |jmi kq coffiqigs mkgk|jllejqoci|'

L:1

E11

K::

" E1K L

6E

:1K

6" L

6E

:1K

6

\ylqk|i Ndylk|i Fqylsk|i

%a/ Sqo|jllejqoci| 0 Sei|i novi seqii mkdilydi| kf mkgk|jllejqoci| kg

ecqkd|o|'

L:5

E<1

K:6

" 1E1K L

6E

:1K

6" L

6E

:1K

6" L

6E

:1K

6

Qjffogk|i Njdjlsk|i Ndylk|i Fqylsk|i

1' Gkg-|ynjq| %kq/ Xkd|jllejqoci|

Sei|i jqi ljqakecqjsi| ~eole ogvkdvi j djqni gymaiq kf mkgk|jllejqoci

ygos| dogbic sk ijle kseiq a kuoci aqocni|' Sei|i dogbjni| jqi ljddic

ndlk|ocol dogbjni|' Sei lkmmkg jgc ~ocid co|sqoaysic xkd|jllejqoci|

lkqqi|xkgc sk sei nigiqjd fkqmydj %L6E

:8K

9/g' Sei nis ecqkd|ic sk novi

mkgk|jllejqoci|'

E"

%L6E

:8K

9/g

" g E1K g L

6E

:1K

6

\sjqle Ndylk|i

Sey| leimoljdd$ xkd|jllejqoci| jqi dkgn lejog xkdmiq| kf mkgk|jllejqoci|' \sjqle$ Liddydk|i jgc ogydog jqi iujmxdi| kf xkd|jllejqoci|'

Sey| ~ekdi kf sei ldj||ofoljsokg kf sei ljqakecqjsi| mj ai |ymmjqo|ic

j| aidk~'

LJQAKE_CQJSI\

\ynjq| Gkg-|ynjq|

%Xkd|jllejqoci|/

Mkgk|jllejqoci| kdonk|jllejqoci| Ekmkxkd- Eisiqkxkd-

|jllejqoci| |jllejqoci|

Jdck|i| Bisk|i|

Co|jllejqoci| Sqo|jllejqoci| Sisqj|jllejqoci| ''' ''' '''



<>3

1:'1 Xqixjqjsokg$ |sqylsyqi jgc y|i| kf Ndylk|i jgc Fqylsk|i

Ndylk|i 0 Ndylk|i o| j mkgk|jllejqoci jgc aidkgn| sk jdckeiuk|i'

Ndylk|i o| bgk~g j| ciusqk|i ailjy|i os kllyq| og gjsyqi j| sei kxsoljdd

jlsovi ciusqk-qksjskq o|kmiq' Os o| jd|k ljddic nqjxi |ynjq j| os o| fkygc og

mk|s |~iis fqyos| i|xilojdd nqjxi|' Os o| xqi|igs og ekgi jd|k'

Xqixjqjsokg 0 Os o| xqixjqic og djakqjskq a jloc ecqkd|o| kf ljgi

|ynjq og xqi|igli kf jdlkekd'

E"

L:1E11K:: " E1K L6E:1K6 " L6E:1K6

Ljgi |ynjq Ndylk|i Fqylsk|i

\sqylsyqi kf Ndylk|i 0

Sei |sqylsyqi kf ndylk|i ej| aiig ciqovic fqkm sei fkddk~ogn fjls|'

:' Idimigsjd jgjd|o| jgc mkdilydjq ~iones cisiqmogjsokg |ek~ sejs sei

mkdilydjq fkqmydj kf ndylk|i o| L6E

:1K

6'

1' Lkmxdisi qicylsokg kf ndylk|i ~ose lkgligsqjsic ecqokcol jloc og sei

xqi|igli kf qic xek|xekqky| xqkcyli| g-eiujgi j| sei mj`kq xqkcyls'

Seo| ogcoljsi| sejs sei |ou ljqakg jskm| og sei ndylk|i mkdilydi fkqm jg

ygaqjgleic lejog kf |ou ljqakg jskm|'

EO+XNdylk|i LE

<“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

<Qicylsokg

g-eiujgi

<' Ndylk|i qijcod co||kdvi| og ~jsiq sk novi j giysqjd |kdysokg' Seo| ogcoljsi|

sejs sei ndylk|i mkdilydi cki| gks lkgsjog j ljqakud

nqkyx'

3' Ndylk|i qijls| ~ose ecqkudjmogi sk fkqm j mkgkuomi kq jcc| kgd

kgi mkdi kf ELG sk novi j ljgkecqog' Seo| qijlsokg ogcoljsi| sei

xqi|igli kf ioseiq jg jdcieci kq j biskgi

nqkyx'

Ktt

% – L “ KE /

Ktt

% – L – E /Ktt

% – L – /



<>9

9' Modc kuocjsokg kf ndylk|i ~ose aqkmogi ~jsiq novi| ndylkgol jloc' Seo|

ogcoljsi| sei xqi|igli kf jg jdcieci nqkyx |ogli kgd sei jdcieci

nqkyx ljg ai kuoco|ic sk jg jloc$ lkgsjogogn |jmi gymaiq kf ljqakg

jskm|' \ogli sei |ou ljqakg jskm| og ndylk|i fkqm j lkg|ilysovi

ygaqjgleic lejog$ sei jdcieci nqkyx$ my|s kllyx kgi igc kf seo| lejog'

6' Fyqseiq kuocjsokg kf ndylkgol jloc ~ose gosqol jloc novi| |jllejqol jloc'

Seo| ogcoljsi| sei xqi|igli kf j xqomjq jdlkekdol nqkyx'

LKKE LKKE

Aq1 +E

1K

tEGK

<

t

Ndylk|i %LEK/3 %LEKE/3Modc t \sqkgn t

kuocjsokg LE1KE kuocjsokg LKKE

ndylkgol jloc |jllejqol jloc

>' Ndylk|i qicyli| jg jmmkgojljd |kdysokg kf |odviq gosqjsi %Skddig‟|

qijnigs/ sk misjddol |odviq kq j aj|ol |kdysokg kf lyxqol okg %Fiedogn‟|

|kdysokg/ sk qic lyxqky| kuoci' Sei|i qijlsokg| fyqseiq lkgfoqm sei

xqi|igli kf j jdcieci nqkyx'

5' Ndylk|i qijls| ~ose jlisol jgecqoci og sei xqi|igli kf xqocogi sk fkqm

j xigsj jlisjsi' Seo| qijlsokg ogcoljsi| sei xqi|igli kf fovi ecqkud

nqkyx| og j ndylk|i mkdilydi'

Fqkm sei jakvi ivocigli| ~i lkgldyci sejs ndylk|i o| j xigsj ecqku

eiujgjd %jg jdckeiuk|i/ jgc ljg ai qixqi|igsic a sei fkddk~ogn |sqylsyqi'

E K

Lt

* LEKEt

* LEKEt

* LEKE

t* LEKEtLE

1KE *L = j|mmisqol ljqakg jskm

Ndylk|i

%1$<$3$9$6 xigsj ecqku eiujgjd/



<>6

FQYLSK\I 0

Fqylsk|i o| xqi|igs og jaygcjgli og fqyos| jgc eigli os o| ljddic j| fqyos

|ynjq' Os o| jd|k xqi|igs og ljgi |ynjq jgc ekgi jdkgn~ose ndylk|i og

lkmaogic fkqm' \ogli gjsyqjdd kllyqogn fqylsk|i o| djivkqksjskq$ os o| jd|k

bgk~g j| djivkdk|i' Os o| j biskeiuk|i'

Xqixjqjsokg 0

Fqylsk|i o| kasjogic a ecqkd|o|$ kf ljgi |ynjq ~ose |ydxeyqol jloc$

jdkgn ~ose ndylk|i'

cod'E1\K3L:1

E11

K::

" E1K L

6E

:1K

6" L

6E

:1K

6

Ljgi |ynjq Ndylk|i Fqylsk|i

Sei |kdysokg ejvogn izyjd mkdilydi| kf C %"/ ndylk|i jgc C %“/ fqylsk|i

o| siqmic j| ogviqs |ynjq jgc sei xqkli|| o| bgk~g j| ogviq|okg kf |ylqk|i'

\sqylsyqi 0

Sei |sqylsyqi kf fqylsk|i ej| aiig ciqovic fqkm sei fkddk~ogn fjls|'

:' Idimigsjd jgjd|o| jgc mkdilydjq ~iones cisiqmogjsokg |ek~ sejs sei

mkdilydjq fkqmydj kf fqylsk|i o| L6E

:1K

6'

1' Lkmxdisi qicylsokg kf fqylsk|i ~ose lkgligsqjsic ecqokcol jloc og sei

xqi|igli kf qic xek|xekqky| novi| g-eiujgi j| sei mj`kq xqkcyls' Seo|

ogcoljsi| sejs sei |ou ljqakg jskm| og sei fqylsk|i mkdilydi fkqm j

lkg|ilysovi ygaqjgleic lejog'

EO+XFqylsk|i LE

<“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

1“ LE

<Qicylsokg g-eiujgi

<' Fqylsk|i qijcod co||kdvi| og ~jsiq sk novi j giysqjd |kdysokg' Seo| ogcoljsi|

sejs sei fqylsk|i mkdilydi cki| gks lkgsjog j ljqakud

nqkyx'

3' Fqylsk|i qijls| ~ose jlisol jgecqoci og sei xqi|igli kf xqocogi sk fkqm

j xigsj jlisjsi' Seo| qijlsokg ogcoljsi| sei xqi|igli kf fovi ecqkud

nqkyx| og j fqylsk|i mkdilydi'

K

tt% – L “ KE /



<>>

9' Fqylsk|i qijls| ~ose ecqkudjmogi sk fkqm j mkgkuomi$ kq jcc| kgd

kgi mkdi kf ELG sk novi j ljgkecqog' Seo| qijlsokg ogcoljsi sei

xqi|igli kf ioseiq jg jdcieci

kq j biskgol nqkyx'

6' Fqylsk|i o| gks kuoco|ic a Aqkmogi ~jsiq ogcoljsogn sei ja|igli kf

jdciecol nqkyx'

Kuocjsokg kf fqylsk|i ~ose lkgligsqjsic gosqol jloc oidc| j mousyqi kf

ndlkddol jloc jgc sjqsjqol jloc' \ogli seo| kuocjsokg kllyq| ~ose sei qyxsyqi

kf sei ljqakg lejog$ sei ljqakgd nqkyx my|s ai xqi|igs j| j biskgi

nqkyx'LKKE LE

1KE

EGK<

t tFqylsk|i " 3 %K/ %LEKE/

1" LKKE " <E

1K

t ndlkddol jloc

LKKEsjqsjqol jloc

>' Xjqsojd qicylsokg kf fqylsk|i ~ose |kcoym jmjdnjm jgc ~jsiq xqkcyli|

j mousyqi kf s~k ixomiqol jdlkekd|$ |kqaoskd jgc mjggoskd$ ailjy|i j

gi~ j|mmisqol ligsqi o| aiogn lqijsic js L“1' Seo| lkgfoqm| sei

xqi|igli kf j biskgol nqkyx'

5' êig fqylsk|i o| sqijsic ~ose ELG$ os fkqm| jg jccosokg xqkcyls ~eole

yxkg ecqkd|o| jgc |ya|izyigs qicylsokg ~ose ecqokcol jloc jgc qic

xek|xekqky| novi| 1-mised-eiujgkol jloc' Seo| ogcoljsi| sejs sei biskgi

nqkyx o| jc`jligs sk kgi kf sei siqmogjd ljqakg jskm|'

ELG

Fqylsk|i

1-mised eiujgkol jloc

Ktt

% – L – E /

Ktt

% – L – /

LE1KE

t LG Ecqkd|o|

Lt KE

%LEKE/<

t

LE1KE

LE1KE

t LKKE Qicylsokg

Lt KE

%LEKE/<

t

LE1KE

LE<

t LKKE

Lt E

%LE1/<

t

LE<



<>5

Fqkm sei jakvi ivocigli| ~i lkgldyci sejs fqylsk|i o| j

xigsjecqkueiujgkgi %j biskeiuk|i/ jgc ljg ai qixqi|igsic a sei

fkddk~ogn |sqylsyqi'

LE1KE

t

L = K

t

* LEKE

t

* LEKEt * L = j|mmisqol ljqakg jskm

* LEKE

t

LE1KE

fqylsk|i

%:$ <$ 3$ 9$ 6$ xigsjecqku-1-eiujgkgi/

1:'< CO\JLLEJQOCI\

Co|jllejqoci| jqi |~iis sj|sogn$ lq|sjddogi$ ~jsiq-|kdyadi |ya|sjgli|$

ij|od ecqkd|ic a igpmi| jgc codysi mogiqjd jloc| sk s~k mkgk|jllejqoci

ygos|'

L:1

E11

K::

" E1K L

6E

:1K

6" L

6E

:1K

6

co|jllejqoci mkgk|jllejqoci mkgk|jllejqoci

Sei ecqkd|o| ogvkdvi| j ldijvjni kf ndlk|ocol dogbjni %o'i'$/ og sei

fkqmjsokg kf co|jllejqoci mkdilydi jsdij|s kgi mkgk|jllejqoci ygos o| dogbic

sk sei kseiq seqkyne sei ljqakgd ljqakg %L:

og ndylk|i jgc L1

og fqylsk|i/'

:' Co|jllejqoci| dogbic seqkyne sei ndlk|ocol ljqakg jskm| kf ijle

lkmxkgigs %L:

kf ndylk|i sk L1

kf fqylsk|i/ jqi gkg-qicylogn

co|jllejqoci|' %i'n'$/ \ylqk|i'

1' Co|jllejqoci| dogbic seqkyne L:

kf sei foq|s sk L3

kq L6

kf sei |ilkgc

lkmxkgigs' %Qicylogn co|jllejqoci|/ %i'n'$/ Djlsk|i'



<>?

\ylqk|i 0 \ylqk|i o| sei lkmmkgi|s |ynjq bgk~g' Sei mk|s omxkqsjgs

|kyqli| jqi |ynjq ljgi jgc |ynjq aiis|'

Os o| j lkdkyqdi||$ kckyqdi|| lq|sjddogi lkmxkygc' Os o| |kdyadi og ~jsiq'

Os o| ciusqkqksjskq' Os o| j gkg-qicylogn |ynjq j| os cki| gks qicyli Skddig‟|

kq Fiedogn‟| qijnigs' \ylqk|i$ kg eijsogn |dk~d jgc ljqifydd$ mids| jgc

~eig jddk~ic sk lkkd$ os |kdocofoi| sk xjdi iddk~ ndj|| mj|| ljddic ―Ajqdi

\ynjq‟'

êig eijsic sk 188kL$ os dk|i| ~jsiq sk fkqm aqk~g jmkqxeky| mj||

ljddic ljqjmid' Kg |sqkgn eijsogn$ os lejq| sk jdmk|s xyqi ljqakg novogn sei

|midd kf ayqgs |ynjq'

Os o| lkmxk|ic kf κ-C-ndylk|i ygos jgc α-C-fqylsk|i ygos' Sei|i ygos|

jqi kogic a j-α-ndlk|ocol dogbjni ais~iig L-: kf sei ndylk|i ygos L-1 kf

sei fqylsk|i ygos'

\sqylsyqi 0

E “ L LE1KE

t tE “ L “ KE K Lt t

EK “ L “ E EK “ L “ Et K t K

E “ L “ KE E “ L “ KEt t

E “ L E “ Lt t

LE1KE LE1KE

Xkd|jllejqoci|

Xkd|jllejqoci| jqi xkdmiq| kf mkgk|jllejqoci|' Sei mk|s omxkqsjgs

xkd|jllejqoci| jqi |sjqle jgc liddydk|i' Sei ejvi j nigiqjd fkqmydj

%L6E

:8K

9/g'

\sjqle 0 \sjqle o| j ~eosi jmkqxeky| |ya|sjgli ~ose gk sj|si kq |midd'

\sjqle o| xqi|igs og ~eijs$ lkqg$ ajqdi$ qoli$ xksjski|$ gys|$ isl'



<58

êig eijsic sk j simxiqjsyqi ais~iig 188“198kL$ os lejgni| ogsk

ciusqog' Js eoneiq simxiqjsyqi lejqqogn kllyq|' êig akodic ~ose codysi

jloc$ |sjqle ydsomjsid oidc| ndylk|i'

%L6E

:8K

9/g

%L6E

:8K

9/

gL

:1E

11K

::

\sjqle Ciusqog Mjdsk|i

L6E

:1K

6

Ndylk|i

êig sqijsic ~ose igpmi$ coj|sj|i$ os oidc| mjdsk|i'

1 %L6E

:8K

9/g

" gE1K gL

:1E

11K

::

Mjdsk|i

\sjqle |kdysokg novi| j adyi lkdkyq ~ose j cqkx kf okcogi' Sei iujls

leimoljd gjsyqi kf |sjqle vjqoi| fqkm |kyqli sk |kyqli' Ivig sei |sjqle

kasjogic fqkm |jmi |kyqli lkg|o|s| kf s~k fqjlsokg| %o/ jmdk|i jgc

%oo/ jmdkxilsog'

Liddydk|i 0 Liddydk|i o| fkygc og jdd xdjgs| jgc |k o| sei mk|s jaygcjgs

kf jdd ljqakecqjsi|' Os o| sei mjsiqojd y|ic sk fkqm lidd ~jdd| jgc kseiq|sqylsyqjd fijsyqi| kf sei xdjgs|'

Liddydk|i o| og|kdyadi og ~jsiq jgc og mk|s kf sei kqnjgol |kdvigs|' eig

os o| akodic ~ose codysi E1\K

3$ os o| lkmxdisid ecqkd|ic ogsk C-ndylk|i'

%L6E

:8K

9/g

" gE1K gL

6E

:1K

6

Liddydk|i Ndylk|i

1:'3 JMOGK JLOC\

Jg jmogk jloc o| aofyglsokgjd kqnjgol mkdilydi sejs lkgsjog| akse jljqakud nqkyx$ “LKKE j| ~idd j| jg jmogi nqkyx$ “GE

1' Jmogk jloc|

ciqovic fqkm xqksiog| ejvi sei jmogk nqkyx kg sei jdxej %κ/ ljqakg$ sejs o|$

sei ljqakg jskm gius sk sei ljqakud nqkyx' Sei|i κ-jmogk jloc| mj ai

qixqi|igsic a sei fkddk~ogn nigiqjd fkqmydj'



<5:

E K

t tt

Q“ L “ L “ KE

t

GE1

κ-ljqakg

Sei jmogkjloc| coffiq og sei gjsyqi kf Q-nqkyx akgcic sk κ-ljqakg

jskm' Sei gjsyqi kf Q-nqkyx cisiqmogi| sei xqkxiqsoi| kf xqksiog|'

Gijqd s~igs fovi jmogk jloc| ejvi aiig kasjogic fqkm sei ecqkd|o|

kf xqksiog|' Sei eymjg akc ljg |gsei|o|i |kmi kf sei jmogk jloc| sejs os

giic| fkq mjogsjogogn nkkc eijdse' Sek|i jmogk jloc| sejs ljggks ai

|gsei|o|ic a sei akc jgc my|s ai |yxxdoic og sei cois jqi ljddic I||igsojd

Jmogk jloc|' Sei jmogk jloc| sejs ljg ai |gsei|o|ic fqkm kseiq lkmxkygc|

a sei so||yi| kf sei akc jqi ljddic Gkg - i||igsojd Jmogk jloc|'

Iulixs Ndlogi %GE1

“ LE1

“ LKKE/$ jdd sei κ-jmogk jloc| ejvi jg

j|mmisqol ljqakg jskm' Eigli$ ijle kf sei|i jmogk jloc| ljg iuo|s j|

kxsoljd o|kmiq|' Cyi sk sei xqi|igli kf jg jlocol jgc j aj|ol nqkyx og sei

|jmi mkdilydi$ jmogk jloc| iuo|s og jg okgol fkqm ljddic j P~ossiq okg ~eiqi

sei xqkskg kf “LKKE nqkyx o| sqjg|fiqqic sk sei “GE1

nqkyx'

GE1

"GE<

t t

Q “ LE “ LKKE Q “ LE “ LKK“

Jmogk jloc P~ossiq okg

Cixigcogn kg sei xE kf sei |kdysokg$ sei jmogk jloc ljg ckgjsi kq

jllixs j xqkskg'

E K E K E K

t tt E" t tt KE“ t ttE"

<G “ L“L“KE E"

<G“L“L“K “ E

1G“L“L“K“

t t t

Q Q Q"Dk~ xE ljsokg %Jlocol |kdysokg/ P~ossiq okg Eone xE Jgokg

%OO/ %O/ %Aj|ol |kdysokg/ %OOO/



<51

êig jg okgo|ic fkqm kf jmogk jloc o| xdjlic og jg idilsqol foidc$ os ~odd

monqjsi sk~jqc| sei kxxk|osi idilsqkci' Og jlocol |kdysokg %dk~ xE/$ sei

ljsokg %OO/ mkvi sk~jqc| ljsekci' Og aj|ol |kdysokg %eone xE/$ sei jgokg

%OOO/ mkvi sk~jqc| jgkci' Sei p~ossiq okg cki| gks mkvi sk~jqc| jg kf

sei idilsqkci|' Sei xE js ~eole sei jmogk jloc |ek~| gk sigcigl sk

monqjsi ~eig xdjlic og jg idilsqol foidc o| bgk~g j| o|kidilsqol xkogs'

Seo| o| lejqjlsiqo|sol kf j novig jmogk jloc'

Xqksiog| jqi fkqmic a kogogn sei ljqakud nqkyx kf kgi jmogk jloc sk

sei κ-jmogk nqkyx kf jgkseiq jmogk jloc' Sei akgc fkqmic ais~iig s~k

jmogk jloc| a sei idomogjsokg kf j ~jsiq mkdilydi o| ljddic j xixsocidogbjni kq akgc'

“ L“ KE " E “G “ “ L “ G “ " E1K

tt t tt t

K E K E

Ljqakud nqkyx Jmogi nqkyx kf Xixsoci akgc

kf kgi jmogk jloc kseiq jmogk jloc

Sei xqkcyls fkqmic a dogbogn jmogk jloc mkdilydi| seqkyne xixsoci

dogbjni|$ “ LK “ GE “$ o| ljddic jxixsoci' Xixsoci| jqi fyqseiq ci|ongjsic

j| co$ sqo$ sisqj kq xigsj xixsoci| jllkqcognd j| sei lkgsjog s~k$ seqii$ fkyqkq fovi jmogk jloc mkdilydi|$ |jmi kq coffiqigs$ kogic skniseiq'

Og xixsoci fkqmjsokg sei s~k coffiqigs jmogk jloc mkdilydi| mj qijls

og kgi kf sei s~k ~j|'LE

<LE

<

t t

%o/ GE1

“ LE1

“ LKKE " E1G “ LE “ LKKE E

1G“LE

1“LK“GE“LE“LKKE

Ndlogi Jdjgogi Ndldjdjgogi %j coxixsoci/

LE<

LE<

t t

%oo/ E1G “ LE “ LKKE " E

1G“LE

1“LKKE E

1G“LE“LK“GE“LE

1“LKKE

Jdjgogi Ndlogi Jdjgd ndlogi %j coxixsoci/



<5<

1:'9 DOXOC\

Doxoc| fkqm j nqkyx kf kqnjgol lkmxkygc| ~eole jqi ~ocid co|sqoaysic

og dovogn ||sim' Doxoc| jqi mjogd covocic ogsk seqii sxi|$ gjmid |omxdi$

lkmxkygc jgc ciqovic$ cixigcogn kg sei aj|o| kf sei gjsyqi kf xqkcyls|

kasjogic kg ecqkd|o|'

Fyglsokg| kf doxoc| og aok||sim| 0

Fjs| jgc kod| jls j| |skqjni kf igiqn og xdjgs| jgc jgomjd|' Og sei jgomjd

akc$ fjs| jqi |skqic og fjss so||yi|$ ~eole jqi jdmk|s xyqi fjs$' Fjs novi

jakys 1´ somi| j| myle igiqn j| ljqakecqjsi| kq xqksiog|' Sey|$ j| fjq j|

~iones o| lkgliqgic$ |skqjni kf fjs o| sei mk|s ilkgkmoljd ~j fkq sei akcsk mjogsjog j qi|iqvi igiqn |yxxd' Fjs o| j xkkq lkgcylskq kf eijs' Eigli$

fjs djiq ygciq |bog |iqvi| sk xqivigs dk||i| kf eijs fqkm sei akc'

^ju jls| j| j xqksilsovi jnigs kg sei |yqfjli| kf jgomjd| jgc xdjgs|'

ju lkjsogn kg sei |yqfjli kf xdjgs| jgc fqyos| xqksils| seim fqkm iuli||ovi

dk|| kf mko|syqi jgc ailkmogn ogfilsic ~ose fygno jgc ajlsiqoj'

Xek|xekdoxoc| dobi diloseog|$ jgc lixejdog| xdj j nqijsiq qkdi og aok||sim'

Sei diloseog| jqi qizyoqic fkq gkqmjd sqjg|xkqs jgc ysodo|jsokg kf kseiq doxoc|$

i|xilojdd og sei doviq' diloseog joc| og sei kqnjgo|jsokg kf sei lidd |sqylsyqi'

Lixejdog| jqi fkygc og sei aqjog' Lixejdog| ejvi aiig omxdoljsic og sei

xqkli|| kf adkkc lkjnydjsokg'

Njdjlskdoxoc| kllyq og lkg|ociqjadi jmkygs og sei ~eosi mjssiq kf sei

aqjog jgc kf jdd giqvky| so||yi' Sei xqi|igli kf njdjlsk|i og sei ndlkdoxoc|

|ynni|s| sei omxkqsjgli kf modb |ynjq og sei cois kf ogfjgs| jgc leodcqig

cyqogn sei cividkxmigs kf sei aqjog jgc giqvky| ||sim'



<53

\IDF IVJDYJSOKG


:' êole o| j mkgk |jllejqoci jmkgn sei fkddk~ogn 0

%j/ \ylqk|i %a/ Liddydk|i %l/ Mjdsk|i %c/ Ndylk|i

1' Ocigsof sei qicylogn |ynjq'

%j/ \ylqk|i %a/ Liddydk|i %l/ \sjqle %c/ Ndylk|i

<' \ylqk|i o| gks

%j/ j co |jllejqoci %a/ j gkg-qicylogn |ynjq'%l/ ecqkd|ic sk kgd ndylk|i %c/ ecqkd|ic sk ndylk|i & fqylsk|i

3' \ylqk|i lkgsjog| ndylk|i jgc fqylsk|i dogbic a

%j/ L:

“ L:

%a/ L:

“ L1

%l/ L:

“ L3

%c/ L:

“ L6

9' Ndylk|i o| gks kuoco|ic sk ndylkgol jloc a

%j/ Aq1 +E

1K %a/ Fiedogn |kdysokg|

%l/ Skddig‟| qijnigs %c/ Lkgl' EGK<

6' Ogviq|okg kf |ylqk|i qifiq| sk

%j/ kuocjsokg kf |ylqk|i %a/ qicylsokg kf |ylqk|i

%l/ ecqkd|o| kf |ylqk|i sk ndylk|i jgc fqylsk|i%c/ xkdmiqo|jsokg kf |ylqk|i'

>' Ndylk|i fkqm|[[[[[[[[[[[ ~ose jlisol jgecqoci jgc |kcoym jlisjsi'

%j/ co jlisjsi %a/ sisqj jlisjsi

%l/ xigsj jlisjsi %c/ eiuj jlisjsi

5' Sei jmogk jloc ~osekys leoqjd ljqakg o|

%j/ Nd|ogi %a/ Jdjgogi %l/ Xqkdogi %c/ Seqk|ogi

?' Sei ayodcogn adklb kf xqksiog| jqi

%j/ κ-ecqku jloc| %a/ κ-jmogk jloc|

%l/ α-ecqku jloc| %c/ α-jmogk jloc|

:8' êole o| gks sqyi kf jmogk jloc ;

%j/ jmogk jloc fkqm| P~ossiq okg

%a/ ej| o|kidilsqol xkogs

%l/ cyjd aiejvokyq|

%c/ jmogk jloc o| og|kdyadi og GjKE |kdysokg



<59

::' S~k jmogk jloc| |j J$ A- qijls sk novi

%j/ s~k coxixsoci| %a/ seqii coxixsoci|

%l/ fkyq coxixsoci| %c/ kgd kgi

:1' J co xixsoci cki| gks ejvi

%j/ s~k xixsoci ygos| %a/ xkqsokg| kf s~k jmogk jloc|

%l/ jg jmock nqkyx %c/ |jds dobi |sqylsyqi

:<' Xqksiog| jqi gks |ig|osovi sk

%j/ jloc| %a/ aj|i|

%l/ idivjsic simxiqjsyqi %c/ ~jsiq

:3' Cigjsyqjsokg cki| gks ogvkdvi%j/ aqijbogn yx kf E“ akgcogn og xqksiog|

%a/ sei dk|| kf aokdknoljd jlsokg kf igpmi

%l/ sei dk|| kf |ilkgcjq |sqylsyqi

%c/ dk|| kf xqomjq |sqylsyqi kf xqksiog|

:9' \xilofolos kf igpmi o| cyi sk

%j/ sei |izyigli kf jmogk jloc|

%a/ |ilkgcjq |sqylsyqi

%l/ siqsojq |sqylsyqi

%c/ jdd kf sei jakvi

:6' Ydsomjsi xqkcyls| kf ecqkd|o| kf xqksiog| o|%j/ jgodogi %a/ jdoxejsol jloc

%l/ jmogk jloc %c/ jqkmjsol jloc

:>'Xqksiog| jqi

%j/ xkdxixsoci| %a/ xkd jloc|

%l/ xkd xeigkd| %c/ xkd i|siq|

:5' êole kf sei fkddk~ogn lkgsjog| j doxoc ;

%j/ |sjqle %a/ mogiqjd kod

%l/ icoadi kod %c/ xixsoci

:?' êole jmkgn sei fkddk~ogn lkgsjog| sqondliqoci ;

%j/ ju %a/ Lkkbogn kod%l/ I||igsojd kod %c/ Jdaymog

18' êole lkgsjog| j dkgn lejog i|siq ;

%j/ ~ju %a/ lkkbogn kod

%l/ syqxigsogi kod %c/ liddydk|i



<56

1:' Jg iujmxdi kf j fjss jloc kasjogic fqkm j lkkbogn kod o|

%j/ jlisol jloc %a/ |sijqol jloc

%l/ aigpkol jloc %c/ kujdol jloc

11' êole o| gks j |jsyqjsic fjss jloc ;

%j/ Xjdmosol jloc %a/ \sijqol jloc

%l/ Kdiol jloc %c/ Ndliqol jloc

1<' Jdbjdogi ecqkd|o| kf lkkbogn kod novi|

%j/ |kjx %a/ ndliqkd

%l/ fjss jloc %c/ akse %j/ jgc %a/

13'Ejoq jgc gjod lkgsjog|%j/ liddydk|i %a/ fjs

%l/ biqjsog %c/ doxoc

19' Omxkqsjgs lkg|sosyigs kf lidd ~jdd o|

%j/ doxoc %a/ liddydk|i

%l/ xqksiog %c/ vosjmog


:' êjs jqi ljqakecqjsi| ; Novi s~k iujmxdi|

1' Novi sei |sqylsyqi kf |ylqk|i'

<' êjs o| |sjqle ; ejs jqi sei ydsomjsi ecqkd|o| xqkcyls| ;

3' êjs o| sei jlsokg kf lkg' EO kg ndylk|i ;

9' êjs o| \jxkgofoljsokg ;


:' Kysdogi sei ldj||ofoljsokg kf ljqakecqjsi| novogn iujmxdi fkq ijle'

1' Ek~ ljg j qicylogn |ynjq coffiq fqkm gkg-qicylogn |ynjq'

<' Co|sognyo|e ndylk|i fqkm fqylsk|i'

3' \ek~ sei fkqmjsokg kf j xixsoci akgc ~ose jg izyjsokg'

9' Migsokg sei aokdknoljd omxkqsjgli kf doxoc|'

6' ^qosi jakys sei xqixjqjsokg jgc xqkxiqsoi| kf ndylk|i'

>' Ek~ o| sei |sqylsyqi kf fqylsk|i cisiqmogic ;

5' ^qosi |ekqs gksi| kg sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf \kjx jgc ju ;



<5>

\YMMJQ_ 0

Sei mkdilydi|$ ~eole fkqm sei aj|o| kf kyq dofi$ jqi lkmxdiu mkdilydi|

ljddic aokmkdilydi| ~eole og syqg lkmaogi jgc fkqm sei dovogn aiogn|$

ljqakecqjsi|$ xqksiog|$ gyldiol jloc| jgc doxoc| jqi aokmkdilydi|'

Ljqakecqjsi| jqi xkdecqku jdcieci| kq xkdecqku biskgi|' Sei

jqi gjsyqjdd kllyqogn kqnjgol |ya|sjgli|'

Xqksiog| jqi lkmxdiu xkdjmoci| fkqmic fqkm jmogk jloc|' Sei jqi

i||igsojd fkq xqkxiq nqk~se jgc mjogsigjgli kf akc' Sei lkgsjog mjg

xixsoci “LK“GE“ akgc|' Seiqifkqi$ xqksiog| jqi dkgn xkdmiq| kf jmogk

jloc| dogbic a xixsoci akgc|'

Jmogk jloc| jqi sei lkmxkygc| ~eole lkgsjog ljqakudol jloc nqkyx

jgc jmogk nqkyx' Jmogk jloc| fkqm xqksiog|' Iulixs ndlogi jdd sei κ-jmogk

jloc| jqi kxsoljdd jlsovi' Sei coxkdjq fkqm kf jmogkjloc o| ljddic P~ossiq

okg' Sei xE js ~eole sei jmogk jloc |ek~| gk sigcigl sk monqjsi ~eig

xdjlic og jg idilsqol foidc o| bgk~g j| o|kdilsqol xkogs'

QIFIQIGLI\ 0

:' Kqnjgol Leimo|sq a Mkqqo|kg jgc Akc'

1' Leimo|sq kf gjsyqjd xqkcyls| a K'X' Jnjq~jd Vkd' O jgc OO'[[[[[[



<55

11' LEIMO\SQ_ OG JLSOKG

DIJQGOGN KA@ILSOVI\

H Sk bgk~ sei jxxdoljsokg| kf leimo|sq fkq kviqlkmogn gymiqky| xqkadim|

fjlic a sei mjgbogc og vjqoky| foidc|'

H Sk dijqg sei y|i| kf leimoljd lkmxkygc| og sei foidc kf micologi j|

jgi|seisol|$ jgjdni|ol|$ jgsoxqisol|$ jgso|ixsol| jgc jgsomjdjqojd|$ isl'

H

Sk |syc sei gjsyqi kf Ci| jgc seioq jxxdoljsokg|'H Sk bgk~ sei jxxdoljsokg| kf leimoljd lkmxkygc| j| fkkc xqi|iqvjsovi|$

jqsofolojd |~iisigogn jnigs|$ jgsokuocjgs|'

H Sk bgk~ jakys qklbis xqkxiddjgs|'

H Sk dijqg jakys sei mkciqg leimoljd ogcy|sq.| leoif xqkcyls - xkdmiq|'

J cisjodic jllkygs kf sxi|$ xqixjqjsokg jgc y|i| kf xkdmiq| jqi novig'

i fogc kyq|idvi| j||klojsic ~ose eygcqic| kf seogn| ~eole jqi ioseiq

leimoljd og gjsyqi seim|idvi| kq ejvi seioq kqonog og leimo|sq' Sey|$ sei

xqkviqa$ ――Leimo|sq o| gks fkq leimo|s| jdkgi‟‟ o| sqyi og os| ja|kdysi siqm'Os ej| eidxic og kviqlkmogn j djqni gymaiq kf xqkadim| fjlic a sei mjgbogc

og qiligs xj|s$ og sei foidc| kf fkkc$ |eidsiq jgc co|ij|i'

Sk j lkmmkg mjg$ ek~iviq$ seo| lkgsqoaysokg kf leimo|sq qimjog|

ygbgk~g sekyne gks yggksolic' Eiqi$ og seo| ygos$ j aqoif jllkygs kf

――leimo|sq og jlsokg‟‟ o| xqi|igsic'

11': MICOLOGJD LEIMO\SQ_

Sei leimoljd lkmxkygc| ~eole iuiqs$ vjqoky| xe|okdknoljd iffils| kf

seiqjxiysol vjdyi jqi ljddic cqyn|' Cqyn| fjdd ogsk s~k nigiqjd ljsinkqoi| 0

%o/ Sei cqyn| sejs jqi y|ic og sei sqijsmigs jgc lyqi kf jg |xilofol

co|ij|i'

%oo/ Sei cqyn| sejs ejvi |kmi lejqjlsiqo|sol iffils kg sei jgomjd kqnjgo|m$

ays ck gks ejvi jg qimicojd iffils fkq j xjqsolydjq co|ij|i' Seo| ldj|| ogldyci|$

mkqxeogi$ lkljogi isl'



<5?

Sei iffils| kf sei cqyn| aidkgnogn sk sei foq|s ljsinkq jqi ci|lqoaic a

sei siqm leimkseiqjx'

Sqijsmigs kf liqsjog co|ij|i| a ci|sqkogn sei ogvjcogn kqnjgo|m

~osekys cjmjnogn sei lidd| kf sei ek|s$ a sei y|i kf liqsjog kqnjgol

lkmxkygc| og bgk~g j| leimkseiqjx'

:' Jgji|seisol|

Sei cqyn| ~eole xqkcyli dk|| kf |ig|jsokg jqi ljddic jgji|seisol|' Sei

jqi ldj||ofoic ogsk s~k sxi|' %o/ Nigiqjd jgji|seisol| jqi sei jnigs$ ~eole

aqogn jakys dk|| kf jdd mkcjdosoi| kf |ig|jsokg$ xjqsolydjqd xjog jdkgn ~ose―qiviq|oadi‟ dk|| kf lkgloky|gi||' %oo/ Dkljd jgji|seisol| xqivigs sei xjog

|ig|jsokg og dkljdo|ic jqij| ~osekys jffilsogn sei cinqii kf lkgloky|gi||'

%o/ Gosqky| kuoci G1K 0 Os o| j lkdkyqdi||$ ogkqjngol gkg-oqqosjsogn nj|'

Os o| sei |jfi|s kf sei jgji|seisol jnigs|' Seo| o| y|ic jfsiq mouogn nigiqjd

jgji|seisol| dobi iseiq'

%oo/ Ledkqkfkqm LELd<

0 Vkdjsodi dozyoc' Os ej| xdij|igs |midd jgc |~iis

sj|si' ôse kunig os fkqm| j skuol ljqakgd ledkqoci' Eigli os o| gks y|ic

gk~'

%ooo/ Iseiq 0 Sei xqi|igs fkqm kf L1E9“K“L1E9 o| j vkdjsodi dozyoc' Seo|o| mouic ~ose |sjaodopiq 8'881) xqkxd ejdoci' Jfsiq ja|kqxsokg a so||yi| os

jssjlb| sei ligsqjd giqvky| ||sim jgc mjbi| yglkgloky|'

1' Jgjdni|ol|

Jgjdni|ol| jqi sei lkmxkygc| ~eole qidoivi jdd |kqs| kf xjog| ~osekys

sei dk|| kf lkg|loky|gi||' Sei|i jqi jd|k ljddic j| xjog boddiq $ kq xjog

qidoiviq|' Sei|i jqi iffilsovi og eijcjlei|$ mjdnoj jgc jqsejdnoj'

Iujmxdi| 0 J|xoqog$ Gkvjdnog jqi lkmmkgd y|ic jgjdni|ol|' J|xoqog

jls| akse j| jgsoxqisol j| ~idd j| jgjdni|ol' Liqsjog gjqlksol| %~eole xqkcyli

|diix jgc yglkg|loky|gi||/ jqi jd|k y|ic j| jgjdni|ol|'

<' Jgsoxqisol|

Jgsoxqisol| jqi sei lkmxkygc| ~eole jqi y|ic fkq sei xyqxk|i kf

qicylogn fiviq %dk~iqogn sei akc simxiqjsyqi sk sei gkqmjd/' Sei mk|s



<?8

lkmmkg jgsoxqisol| jqi$ j|xoqog$ jgsoxqogi$ xeigjlisog$ jgc xjqjlisjmkd'

Seioq jcmogo|sqjsokg %sjbogn sei|i cqyn|/ kfsig dijc| sk xiq|xoqjsokg'

jlisd |jdoldol jloc xeigjlisog x-jlisjmockxeigkd

%j|xoqog/ %xjqjlisjmkd/

3' Jgso|ixsol 0

Jgso|ixsol o| j |ya|sjgli sejs qigckq| molqk kqnjgo|m| oggklyky| a

boddogn seim kq xqivigsogn seioq nqk~se' Seo| siqm o| y|ic xjqsolydjqd fkq

xqixjqjsokg| jxxdoic sk dovogn so||yi|'

%o/ Okckfkqm$ LEO<

o| y|ic j| jg jgso|ixsol jgc os| :) |kdysokg o| j

co|ogfilsjgs'

%oo/ 8'1 xiqligs |kdysokg kf xeigkd jls| j| jg jgso|ixsol jgc os| :) |kdysokg

o| j co|ogfilsjgs'

9' Jgsoxqkskpkjd| %Jgsomjdjqojd/

Mjdjqoj ljy|i| |eoviqogn jgc fiviq' Sei akc simxiqjsyqi qo|i| sk :8<-

:86kF' Os ljy|i| xe|oljd ~ijbgi|| ~ose sei |oci-iffils| og diviq jgc jd|k

ljy|i| jgijmoj'

Iusqjls| kf liqsjog xdjgs|$ |xilojdd sei qkks| jgc |sim|$ jqi iusig|ovid

y|ic j| jgsomjdjqojd' Loglekgj ajqb ~eole novi| qo|i sk zyogogi jls| j|

jgsomjdjqojd' Sei dj|s jgsomjdjqojd co|lkviqic og :?6: o| xqomisejmogi'

Ek~iviq$ zyogogi$ xqomjzyogi jgc ledkqkzyogi jqi |kmi kf sei ai|s

jgsomjdjqojd|'

Ledkqkzyogi o| y|ic |xilojdd sk lkgsqkd mjdjqojd xjqj|osi kf sei kvjdi

vovju isl' Os o| gks y|ic og lyqogn sei co|ij|i' Os o| y|ic j| j mousyqi ~ose

kseiq jgsomjdjqojd|'

LKKE

Ktt

K “ L “ LE<

GELKLE<

KL1E

9

GE“LK“LE<

KE



<?:

6' Jgsoaoksol|

Mjg molqkkqnjgo|m| %ajlsiqoj$ fygno jgc mkydc|/ xqkcyli liqsjog

leimoljd| ~eole ogeoaos sei nqk~se kq misjakdo|m kf |kmi kseiq

molqkkqnjgo|m' \yle leimoljd lkmxkygc| jqi bgk~g j|jgsoaoksol|' Sei|i

giic ai xqi|igs kgd og dk~ lkgligsqjsokg sk ai iffilsovi og seioq jgsoaoksol

jlsokg' Sei foq|s jgsoaoksol$ co|lkviqic a Jdiujgciq Fdimogn og:?1?$ fqkm

mkydc Xigoloddoym gksjsym$ ~j| xigoloddog'

Seiqi jqi seqii mjog |kyqli| kf jgsoaoksol|'

%o/ Ajlsiqoj %oo/ Fygno jgc %ooo/ Jlsogkmlisi|

Xigoloddog|

Xigoloddog| o| sei gjmi novig sk sei mousyqi kf gjsyqjd lkmxkygc| ejvogn

sei mkdilydjq fkqmydj L?E

::G

1K

3\ - Q$ jgc coffiqogn kgd og sei gjsyqi kf

Q' Cixigcogn yxkg sei gjsyqi kf Q$ seiqi jqi js dij|s |ou gjsyqjd xigoloddog|'

Y|i|' Xigoloddog o| iusig|ovid y|ic fkq qeiymjsol fiviq$ gjqqk~ogn kf

eijqs ~jdd$ aqkgleoso|$ jgc xgiymkgoj isl'

>' Jgsjloc|

Zyosi kfsig$ jfsiq ijsogn kod jgc |xol fkkc$ kgi mj fiid yglkmfkqsjadi

cyi sk |kmi ayqgogn |ig|jsokg og |skmjle+fkkc xoxi' Seo| o| cyi sk sei

omajdjgli og sei jlocos og sei |skmjle'

Liqsjog cqyn fkqmydjsokg| xqkvoci qidoif fqkm |yle ayqgogn |ig|jsokg'

Sei|i jqi bgk~g j| jgsjloc|'

Jgsjloc| jqi jvjodjadi og sjadis j| ~idd j| nid+|qyx fkqm|' Sei|i jgsjloc|

lkgsjog mjngi|oym jgc jdymogoym ecqkuoci|$ og jccosokg sk fdjvkyqogn

jnigs| jgc lkdkyq'

5' Jgso|xj|mkcol|

Seiqi jqi j nqkyx kf micologi| sejs ogldyci gjsyqjd aiddkckgj jdbjdkoc|

%jsqkxogi$ aiddkckgj/'



<?1

Sei|i micologi| jqi y|ic sk qidoivi lqjmx|$ |xj|m| kf sei |skmjle$

ogsi|sogi| jgc adjcciq' \kmi jqi y|ic ~ose jgsjloc$ kq kseiq micologi og sei

sqijsmigs kf xixsol ydliq' Sei|i micologi xqivigs gjy|ij$ vkmosogn jgc

mksokg |olbgi||' Og liqsjog |yqnoljd jgc imiqnigl xqklicyqi$ sei|i jqi

y|ic sk eidx qidju |skmjle jgc ogsi|sogi fkq liqsjog sxi| kf iujmogjsokg kq

cojngk|o|'

Iujmxdi 0 Jgo|ksqkxogi$ Jsqkxogi$ Colldkmogi$ Logcogoym ljx

11'1 C_I\

\ogli somi ommimkqojd$ eymjg aiogn| ejvi aiig fj|logjsic a lkdkyq'Og sei ainoggogn$ sei lkdkyq mjsiqojd| ~iqi iusqjlsic fqkm vinisjadi |kyqli|'

Gk~ j cj|$ |yle |ya|sjgli| jqi |gsei|opic og fjlskqoi| seqkyne |omxdi

leimoljd qijlsokg|'

Ci| jqi lkdkyqic lkmxkygc| y|ic og omxjqsogn lkdkyq sk siusodi|$ fkkc

|syff| isl' J ci |ekydc ejvi sei fkddk~ogn lejqjlsiqo|sol|'

%o/ Os |ekydc ejvi j |yosjadi lkdkyq'

%oo/ Os |ekydc ai jadi sk fou os|idf kq ai ljxjadi kf aiogn fouic sk sei fjaqol'

%ooo/Os |ekydc ai fj|s sk dones'

%ov/Os |ekydc ai qi|o|sjgs sk sei jlsokg kf ~jsiq$ codysi jloc| jgc jdbjdoi|

%jdd cisiqnigs| jgc ~j|eogn |kjx| jqi jdbjdogi og gjsyqi/'

Mjg gjsyqjd ci| ejvi aiig bgk~g fkq j dkgn somi' Sei|i ~iqi kasjogic

fqkm vinisjadi |kyqli|' Gk~ j cj|$ xqjlsoljdd jdd sei ci| jqi |gseisol$

jgc jqi xqixjqic fqkm jqkmjsol lkmxkygc| kasjogic fqkm lkjd sjq' Seiqifkqi$

|yle ci| jqi |kmisomi| ljddic j| lkjd sjq ci|'

11'< Lkdkyq jgc \sqylsyqi kf Ci|

Sei qidjsokg|eox ais~iig sei lkdkyq kf j |ya|sjgli jgc os| |sqylsyqi

~j| iuxdjogic a j Niqmjg |loigso|s Kssk ôss %:5>6/ seqkyne seileqkmkxekqi jgc jyukleqkmi seikq' Jllkqcogn sk seo| seikq$

%o/ Jg kqnjgol lkmxkygc jxxijq| lkdkyqic cyi sk sei xqi|igli kf liqsjog

yg|jsyqjsic nqkyx| %sei nqkyx| ~ose mydsoxdi akgc|/ og os' \yle nqkyx| ~ose

mydsoxdi akgc| jqi ljddic leqkmkxekqi|'



<?<

\kmi sxoljd leqkmkxekqi| jqi$

t

Gosqk Jpku “ G = G ↑ K Ljqakgd 7 L = K

Jpk “G = G“ Zyogogkoc Xkdigi “%EL=LE/g“

%oo/ Sei lkmxkygc| lkgsjogogn sei leqkmkxekqi nqkyx o| ljddic

leqkmknig'Sei lkdkyq ogsig|os oglqij|i| ~ose sei gymaiq kf leqkmkxekqi|

kq sei cinqii kf lkg`ynjsokg' Fkq iujmxdi$ iseigi %LE1

= LE1/ o| lkdkyqdi||$

ays sei lkmxkygc LE<

“ %LE = LE/6

“ LE<

o| iddk~ og lkdkyq'

%ooo/ Sei xqi|igli kf liqsjog nqkyx| ~eole jqi gks leqkmkxekqi|

seim|idvi|$ ays ciixig sei lkdkyq kf sei leqkmknig' \yle |yxxkqsogn nqkyx|

jqi ljddic jyukleqkmi|' Jyukleqkmi| mj ai jlocol %xeigkdol/ kq aj|ol'

\kmi omxkqsjgs jyukleqkmi| jqi “KE$ “GE1$ “GEQ$ GQ

1'

Sei xqi|igli kf jg jyukleqkmi og sei leqkmknig mkdilydi o| i||igsojd

sk mjbi os j ci' Ek~iviq$ of jg jyukleqkmi o| xqi|igs og sei misj xk|osokg

sk sei leqkmkxekqi$ os cki| gks jffils sei lkdkyq' Fkq iujmxdi$ og seilkmxkygc x-ecqkujpkaigpigi %j aqones qic ci/$

%j/ jpkaigpigi$ o| sei leqkmknig

%a/ cojpk nqkyx$ “ G = G “ o| sei leqkmkxekqi

%l/ ecqkud nqkyx$ “KE o| jyukleqkmi

K

“G

K

G = G KE

G = G



<?3

11'3 LEIMOLJD\ OG FKKC

Fkkc| ljg jd|k ai xqi|iqvic a y|ogn liqsjog leimoljd |ya|sjgli| ~eole

ljg bodd sei fkkc |xkodogn molqkkqnjgo|m|' Sei|i leimoljd |ya|sjgli| ioseiq

coqilsd bodd |yle kqnjgo|m|$ kq xqkcyli |kmi kseiq leimoljd |ya|sjgli og

sei xqi|iqvic fkkc ~eole seig bodd| sei fkkc |xkodogn molqkkqnjgo|m|' Seo|

misekc kf fkkc xqi|iqvjsokg o| ljddic leimoljd xqi|iqvjsokg'

J leimoljd |ya|sjgli ~eole xqivigs| sei |xkodjni kf fkkc mjsiqojd a

ci|sqkogn sei fkkc-|xkodogn molqkkqnjgo|m| og os o| ljddic j fkkc

xqi|iqvjsovi'

\kcoym aigpkjsi$ jgc xksj||oym misjao|ydxeosi jqi y|ic fkq fkkc

xqi|iqvjsokg'

\kcoym aigpkjsi o| y|ic sk xqi|iqvi fqyos yoli| jgc |zyj|e j| |kcoym

aigpkjsi o| |kdyadi og ~jsiq' Os bodd| sei fkkc |xkodogn molqkkqnjgo|m|'

Xksj||oym misj-ao|ydxeosi o| y|ic fkq xqi|iqvogn sei lkdkyqdi|| fqyos|

dobi jxxdi$ dosleo$ mjgnk leysgi jgc dimkg |zyj|ei| isl' Xksj||oym

misjao|ydxeosi qijls| ~ose sei jloc kf fqyos+`yoli jgc xqkcyli| \K1$ ~eole

bodd| sei molqkkqnjgo|m|'

11'3': Jqsofolojd \~iisigogn Jnigs|

Mkgk jgc co|jllejqoci| jqi |~iis og sj|si' \~iisgi|| o| lkmmkgd

j||klojsic ~ose |ynjq|' Ek~iviq$ liqsjog kqnjgol lkmxkygc| ~eole ejvi

aiig |gsei|opic og djakqjskqoi| jqi bgk~g sk ai mjg somi| |~iisiq sejg

ljgi|ynjq' \yle lkmxkygc| jqi ljddic jqsofolojd |~iisigogn jnigs| kq

jqsofolojd |~iisgiq|'

\kmi lkmmkgd y|ic jqsofolojd |~iisgiq| jqi$ %o/ \jllejqog$ %oo/ Cydlog$

%ooo/ Lldjmjsi$ %ov/ Gilsjqog jgc %v/ \ylqjdk|i

11'3'1 Jgsokuocjgs|

Sei |ya|sjgli| sejs jls jnjog|s kuocjgs| jqi ljddic jgsokuocjgs|'

Jgsokuocjgs| sey| mogomo|i sei cjmjni ljy|ic a kuocjgs|' Jgsokuocjgs|

xqksils y| jnjog|s ljqcokvj|lydjq co|ij|i$ ljgliq jgc ljsjqjls jgc sei |dk~

ck~g sei iffils kf jniogn' Sei mk|s omxkqsjgs jgsokuocjgs| jqi vosjmog L$

vosjmog I jgc α-ljqksigi'



<?9

Jgsokuocjgs| jls j| qjcoljd ogeoaoskq|' Sei|i jgsokuocjgs| ljg ai y|ic j|

fkkc xqi|iqvjsovi|' Vosjmog I o| j gjsyqjdd kllyqqogn xqi|iqvjsovi fkygc og

vinisjadi kod'

11'9 QKLBIS XQKXIDDJGS\

Qklbis| ejvi aiig og y|i |ogli ijqd fofs‟|' Qy||ojg| y|ic xk~iqfydqklbis| sk xys seioq |xjli vieoldi| og |xjli' Ygosic \sjsi| kf Jmiqolj y|ic\jsyqg qklbis| fkq seioq Jxkddk |xjli mo||okg|' Ogcoj ej| qiligsd djygleicos| |jsiddosi djygle vieoldi \DV-< fqkm \qoejqobksj'

Qklbis mkskq| jqi y|ic akse og |xjli vieoldi| jgc og kffig|ovi ~ijxkg|

|yle j| mo||odi|' Sei xqkxyd|okg ||sim og mk|s |xjli vieoldi| lkg|o|s| kf qklbis ignogi| xk~iqic a leimoljd xqkxiddjgs|' Sei|i jd|k ljddic qklbis

xqkxiddjgs|'

Xqkxiddjgs| jqi lkmay|soadi lkmxkygc| ~eole kg ongosokg ygciqnk qjxoc lkmay|sokg sk qidij|i djqni zyjgsosoi| kf eks nj|i|' J xqkxiddjgs o| jlkmaogjsokg kf jg kuoco|iq jgc j fyid'

kqbogn kf j xqkxiddjgs' eig j xqkxiddjgs o| ongosic$ os ayqg| sk xqkcylij djqni zyjgsos kf eks nj|i|' Sei|i nj|i| seig lkmi kys seqkyne sei gkppdikf sei qklbis mkskq' Sei xj||jni kf nj|i| seqkyne sei gkppdi kf sei qklbismkskq$ xqkvoci| sei gili||jq seqy|s fkq sei qklbis sk mkvi fkq~jqc jllkqcogn

sk sei Gi~skg‟| Seoqc dj~ kf Mksokg %sk iviq jlsokg$ seiqi o| jg izyjd jgckxxk|osi qijlsokg/'

\kmi kf sei iujmxdi| fkq xqkxiddigs| jqi Ecqjpogi$ Dozyoc ecqknig$Xkdyqisejgi$ isl'

11'6 XKD_MIQ\ 0

J xkdmiq o| j nojgs mkdilydi kasjogic a ogsiqmkdilydjq lkmaogjsokgkf j djqni gymaiq kf |mjdd mkdilydi| kf sei |jmi kq coffiqigs sxi'

11'6': Xkdjdbigi|

Xkdjdbigi| jqi sei xkdmiq| ~eole jqi ciqovic fqkm yg|jsyqjsic

ecqkljqakg| lkgsjogogn ckyadi akgc' Omxkqsjgs xkdmiq| kf seo| ldj|| jqi 0%j/ Xkdisedigi$ %xkdiseigi/' Os o| kasjogic fqkm isedigi %iseigi/'

Iseigi xkdmiqopi| ygciq eone xqi||yqi jgc eone simxiqjsyqi sk novixkdiseigi %jd|k ljddic xkdisedigi/' Seo| xkdmiqopjsokg o| ljsjd|ic a

sqjli| kf kunig kq kqnjgol xiqkuoci|'



<?6

xiqkuoci$ eone simx'

gLE1

= LE1

“ %“ LE1

“ LE1

“/g

iseigi eone xqi||yqi xkdiseigi

%a/ Xkd|sqigi' Seo| xkdmiq o| kasjogic fqkm sei mkgkmiq |sqigi%L

6E

9“ LE = LE

1/' Sei milejgo|m kf xkdmiqopjsokg o| |omodjq sk sejs fkq

kseiq jdbigi xkdmiq|'

gL6E9 “ LE = LE1 “ %“ LE1 “ LE “/g “

|sqigi tL

6E

9xkd|sqigi

Xqkxiqsoi| jgc Y|i| 0 Xkd|sqigi o| nkkc sqjg|xjqigs xkdmiq' Os o|y|ic fkq eks-cqogb lyx|$ sk|$ eky|iekdc jqsoldi|$ isl'

%l/ \gseisol qyaaiq|' \gseisol qyaaiq| kasjogic fqkm aysjcoigi jqi 0

%o/ Aygj qyaaiq| %oo/ Aysd qyaaiq|

Aygj qyaaiq|

Aygj qyaaiq| jqi kasjogic j| j qi|yds kf xkdmiqo|jsokg + lkxkdmiqo|jsokg

kf aysjcoigi ~ose jlqdkgosqodi kq |sqigi' Seiqi jqi s~k sxi| kf Aygj-

qyaaiq|'

Aygj-\' Os o| kasjogic a sei xkdmiqopjsokg kf aysjcoigi jgc |sqigi

og xqi|igli kf |kcoym misjd'

GjgLE

1=LE“LE=LE

1" gLE = LE

1“ %“ LE

1“LE=LE “ LE

1“ LE “ LE

1“ /

g“

aysjcoigi t t

L6E

9L

6E

9

|sqigi aygj-\

Og sei gjmi Aygj-\$ Ay |sjgc| fkq aysjcoigi$ gj fkq |kcoym %jlsogn j|

xkdmiqopjsokg ogosojskq/$ jgc \- fkq |sqigi'

Aygj-\ o| jd|k ljddic Nigiqjd Xyqxk|i Qyaaiq \sqigi %NQ\/' Og jlsyjd

xqjlsoli$ os o| kasjogic j| j qi|yds kf lkxkdmiqo|jsokg kf seqii xjqs| kf aysjcoigi ~ose kgi xjqs kf |sqigi'

Xqkxiqsoi| jgc Y|i| 0 Gikxqigi jgc Aygj-\ jqi iusqimid qi|o|sjgs

sk~jqc| ~ijq jgc sijq jgc y|ic fkq sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf sqi|$ qyaaiq syai|

jgc kseiq milejgoljd qyaaiq nkkc|'



<?>

Aygj-G' Os o| kasjogic j| j qi|yds kf lkxkdmiqo|jsokg kf s~k xjqs| kf

aysjcoigi ~ose kgi xjqs kf jlqdkgosqodi og sei xqi|igli kf |kcoym misjd' Sei

qijlsokg o|$

Gj1LE

1= LE “ LE = LE

1" LE

1= LE “%“ %LE

1“ LE “ LE

1“ LE “ LE “ LE

1“ /

g“

t t t tLG LE LE LG

tt ttLE

1LE

1aysjcoigi

jlqdkgosqodi Aygj-G

Xqkxiqsoi| jgc Y|i| 0 Aygj-G qyaaiq o| ejqc jgc iusqimid qi|o|sjgs

sk sei |~iddogn jlsokg kf kod| %xisqkd/$ |kdvigs|$ eijs isl' Seiqifkqi$ os o| y|icfkq sei mjgyfjlsyqi kf |skqjni sjgb| fkq sei |kdvigs|'

11'6'1 LKGCIG\JSOKG XKD_MIQ\

\kmi omxkqsjgs lkgcig|jsokg xkdmiq| kf lkmmiqlojd+ogcy|sqojd ogsiqi|s

jqi ci|lqoaic aidk~'

%o/ Xkdi|siq|

Sei xkdmiq| ejvogn i|siq dogbjni jqi bgk~g j| xkdi|siq|' \kmi

omxkqsjgs xkdi|siq| jqi 0 Siqdigi %cjlqkg/ jgc ndxsjd'

%oo/ Xkdjmoci|

Sei xkdmiq| ejvogn jg jmoci dogbjni ais~iig seioq mkgkmiq| jqi

ljddic xkdjmoci|' Sxoljd xkdjmoci xkdmiq| jqi ci|lqoaic aidk~'

%j/ Gdkg-66' Os o| kasjogic a lkgcig|ogn jcoxol jloc ~ose

eiujmisedigicojmogi ~ose sei idomogjsokg kf ~jsiq mkdilydi' Sei lejog

dignse cixigc| yxkg sei simxiqjsyqi jgc somi fkq ~eole sei xqkli|| o| ljqqoic

kys'K K E E K K

tt tt t t tt tt

gE1G %LE

1/6

GE1

" gEK“L“%LE1/3“L“KE “ “G“%LE

1/6“G“L“%LE

1/3“L “

g“

eiujmisedigicojmogi jcoxol jloc gdkg-66



<?5

Sei xkdjmoci| jqi ocigsofoic a gymaiq|' Sei|i gymaiq| qifiq sk sei

gymaiq kf ljqakg jskm| og cojmogi jgc og sei coaj|ol jloc' J| og sei jakvi

lj|i$ sei ljqakg jskm| jqi 6 og ijle lj|i$ seiqifkqi$ sei xqkcyls o| ci|lqoaic

j| gdkg-66'

Xqkxiqsoi| jgc Y|i| 0 Gdkg-66 o| j dogijq xkdmiq$ jgc ej| viq eone

sig|odi |sqignse' Os |ek~| nkkc qi|o|sjgli sk jaqj|okg' Gdkg-66 o| y|yjdd

fjaqoljsic ogsk |eiis|$ aqo|sdi| fkq aqy|ei| jgc og siusodi' Lqogbdic gdkg foaqi|

jqi y|ic fkq mjbogn idj|sol ek|oiq'

11'6'< Fkqmjdcieci Qi|og|

Fkqmjdcieci qi|og| jqi sxoljd seiqmk|issogn xdj|sol|' Seo| ldj|| kf xdj|sol| ogldyci xeigkd-fkqmjdcieci$ yqij-fkqmjdcieci jgc midjmogi-

fkqmjdcieci qi|og|' Kg eijsogn$ sei|i qi|og| ailkmi eoned lqk||-dogbic

seiqia fkqmogn ogfy|oadi jgc og|kdyadi xqkcyls'

\IDF IVJDYJSOKG


:' Sei |ya|sjgli ljxjadi kf ja|kqaogn adyi dones fqkm sei vo|oadi qjcojsokg

~kydc jxxijq

%j/ iddk~ %a/ iddk~-nqiig %l/ qic %c/ adyi

1' Sei yg|jsyqjsic nqkyx%|/ xqi|igs og jg kqnjgol lkmxkygc o|+jqi ljddic%j/ leqkmknig| %a/ jyukleqkmi|

%l/ gk |xilofol gjmi %c/ leqkmkxekqi|

<' Of jg jyukleqkmi cki| gks jffils sei lkdkyq kf sei leqkmknig$ os |ekydc

ai xqi|igs og sei '''''''''''''''' xk|osokg qidjsovi sk leqkmkxekqi'

%j/ xjqj- %a/ misj- %l/ kqsek- %c/ |jmi-

3' Og sei lkmxkygc$ K1G“L

6E

3“G=G“L

6E

3“G%LE

</1$ sei leqkmkxekqi

o|

%j/ “GK1

%a/ “ G = G “ %l/ “ GK1

jgc “G = G “ %c/ “G %LE</1

9' Cojpkgoym |jds| novi lkyxdogn qijlsokg| ~ose

%j/ jdlkekd %a/ jqkmjsol jmogi| %l/ jdd jmogi| %c/ jmogi| jgc xeigkd|6' \ya|sjgli| ~eole aqogn sei akc simxiqjsyqi ck~g sk gkqmjd

simxiqjsyqi jqi bgk~g j|

%j/ jgsoxqisol| %a/ jgjdni|ol| %l/ jgsoaoksol| %c/ gkgi

>' Sei lkmxkygc ~eole jls| akse j| jgsoxqisol j| ~idd j| jgjdni|ol o|

%j/ xeigjlisog %a/ |ydxej cqyn| %l/ xjqjlisjmkd %c/ j|xoqog



<??

5' J :) |kdysokg kf xeigkd o| j

%j/ jgso|ixsol %a/ co|ogfilsjgs %l/ jgsomjdjqojd cqyn %c/ jgsoeo|sjmogi

?' Sei micologi y|ic fkq lyqogn qjaoi| o| ljddic

%j/ jgsoajlsiqojd %a/ jgsovoqjd %l/ jgsofygnjd %c/ jgsoaoksol|

:8' Sei |ya|sjgli sejs fyglsokg j| j mko|syqi ajqqoiq ais~iig sei |bog jgc

sei jsmk|xeiqi o| ljddic

%j/ xqi|iqvjsovi %a/ imyd|ofoiq %l/ jgsoljbogn jnigs %c/ mko|syqopiq


:' Cifogi leimkseiqjx'

1' êjs jqi jgji|seisol| ; Novi kgi iujmxdi'

<' Og ~ejs ~j jgsoxqisol| jqi omxkqsjgs'

3' ê Okckfkqm jgc xeigkdol |kdysokg| jqi ljddic jgso|ixsol ;

9' Novi s~k iujmxdi| kf jgsomjdjqojd|'

6' êjs jqi jgsoaoksol| ;

>' Og ~ejs ~j jgsjloc| jqi omxkqsjgs ;

5' êjs jqi jgsoxj|mkcol| ;

?' Novi jg s~k lejqjlsiqo|sol| kf Ci'

:8' êjs jqi leqkmkxekqi| ; Novi s~k iujmxdi|'

::' êjs jqi jqsofolojd |~iisigogn jnigs| ; Novi s~k iujmxdi|'

:1' êjs o| Aygj-\ ;


:' ^qosi aqoifd kg jgsoaoksol| ; Og ~ejs ~j jgsoxj|mkcol| jqi eidxfyd ;

1' Iuxdjog aqoifd kg lejqjlsiqo|sol| kf qklbis xqkxiddjgs|'

\YMMJQ_ 0

Sei leimoljd| ~eole ljg lyqi |iviqjd co|ij|i| jqi ljddic cqyn|' Micologjdleimo|sq cijd| ~ose jlsokg kf vjqoky| leimoljd lkmxkygc| ~eole jqi y|icj| cqyn' Ijle cqyn o| ygozyi og lejqjlsiq' Jgji|seisol|$ jgjdni|ol|$jgsoxqisol|$ jgsomjdjqojd|$ jgsjloc|$ jgso|xj|mkcol| jqi viq omxkqsjgs' Seigjsyqi kf ci| jgc sei qidjsokg ais~iig lkdkyq jgc |sqylsyqi kf ci|'Leimoljd| y|ic og fkkc$ jqi jd|k cijds ~ose' Qklbis xqkxiddjgs| jqi co|ly||ic

aqoifd' J cisjodic jllkygs kg xkdmiq| dobi$ jccosokg$ lkgcig|jsokg xkdmiq|$co|ly||ic'

QIFIQIGLI\ 0

:' Aokleimo|sq a Digogniq'

1' Xejqmjliysoljd Leimo|sq a Nek|e'[[[[[[[[[[



NIGIQJD QIFIQIGLI\

SK KQNJGOL LEIMO\SQ_

:' Kqnjgol Leimo|sq - Nqjejm \kdkmkg|$ Lqjon Fqedi & Qkaiqs @keg|kg$

@keg odi & \kg| - >se icosokg'

1' \kdysokg| Mjgyid - Nqjejm \kdkmkg|$ Lqjon Fqedi & Qkaiqs @keg|kg$

@keg odi & \kg| - >se icosokg'

<' \lejym‟| \kdvic Xqkadim| \iqoi| og Kqnjgol Leimo|sq -Sjsj MlNqj~-Eodd Icosokg - 188<'

3' Xqkadim| og Kqnjgol Leimo|sq - Mq|' Qk|igai$ Qj`j & Xyadoljsokg'

9' Bigksi| og Kqnjgol Leimo|sq - Jgcqi~' F' Xijq|kg' Adjlb idd

Xyado|eiq|'

6 \ e o f L a L c do d N

Documents

54483081 Carbonyl Compounds Xi Xii Study Materials