5342 GCSE History P1 FT QP Summer 2010

General Certificate of Secondary Education2010

History

Paper 1Foundation Tier

[G4601]

WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE, MORNING

5342

For Examiner’s use only

Question Number Marks

Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Section B

101112131415

Total Marks

Centre Number

71

Candidate Number

TIME

2 hours.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.Answer four questions.Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A.Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 100.Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions.Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question.

http://www.studentbounty.com


http://www.StudentBounty.com

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Answer four questions only.

Section A

Answer two questions from your chosen subject area.

CONTENTS pages

Chosen Subject Area – Germany Pages 3–141 Germany – The Weimar Republic 3–62 Germany – Nazi Germany 7–103 Germany – Nazi policy towards Europe 11–14

Chosen Subject Area – Russia Pages 15–264 Russia – The Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions 15–185 Russia – Russia after the Revolution 19–226 Russia – Stalinist Russia 23–26

Chosen Subject Area – USA Pages 27–387 USA – 1920s America 27–308 USA – 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression 31–349 USA – Roosevelt and the New Deal 35–38

Section B

Answer two questions from your chosen subject area.

Chosen Subject Area – Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 39–5010 Peace, War and Neutrality – Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 39–4211 Peace, War and Neutrality – Experience of and Response to War 43–4612 Peace, War and Neutrality – Post-War Relationships 47–50

Chosen Subject Area – Changing Relationships Pages 51–6213 Changing Relationships – Northern Ireland in the 1960s 51–5414 Changing Relationships – Prelude to Direct Rule 55–5815 Changing Relationships – The Search for a Solution 59–62



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Examiner Only Marks Remark

Section A

Answer two questions from your chosen subject.

Either A1 Germany c1918–c1941 page 3 to page 14Or A2 Russia c1916–c1941 page 15 to page 26Or A3 United States of America c1918–c1941 page 27 to page 38.

A1: Germany c1918–c1941.

Answer any two questions.

You should spend about 30 minutes on each question.

1 This question is about the Weimar Republic.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with the Weimar Republic.

Friedrich Ebert Ernst Röhm General von

Schleicher Adolf Hitler Walter Rathenau

Following the example below, match each name to the correct description:

(i) Germany’s Foreign Minister Walter Rathenau assassinated in 1922 ______________________

(ii) Chancellor of Germany before Hitler ______________________ [1]

(iii) First President of the Weimar Republic ______________________ [1]

(iv) Author of Mein Kampf ______________________ [1]

(v) Leader of the SA ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why many Germans were opposed to the Weimar Republic.

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(ii) Describe two ways in which groups in Germany showed their opposition to the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1923.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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(c) Choose one of the following:

Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923; Or The Weimar Republic, 1924–1933.

Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923

(i) Why did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr in 1923?

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(ii) How were the lives of German people affected by the hyperinflation crisis of 1923?

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Or The Weimar Republic, 1924–1933

(i) Why did life get better for many Germans between 1924 and 1928?

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(ii) How were each of the following affected by the Great Depression between 1929 and 1933?

• The German people • The Weimar governments

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2 This question is about Nazi Germany.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi Germany.

SS Reichstag Fire

Martin Niemöller Robert Ley Concentration

Camps


(i) Leader of the German Labour Robert Ley Front ______________________

(ii) Leader of the Confessional Church ______________________ [1]

(iii) Places where enemies of the Nazis were sent ______________________ [1]

(iv) Group led by Himmler ______________________ [1]

(v) Event in 1933 which was blamed on communists ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why unemployment in Germany fell between 1933 and 1939.

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(ii) Describe two ways in which the Nazis tried to control the lives of women in Germany between 1933 and 1939.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Jews in Germany, 1933–1939; Or Hitler’s control over Germany, 1933–1939.

Either Jews in Germany, 1933–1939

(i) Why did Hitler and the Nazis hate the Jews?

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(ii) In what ways did the lives of Jews in Germany change between 1933 and 1939?

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Or Hitler’s control over Germany, 1933–1939

(i) Why did Hitler order the Night of the Long Knives in 1934?

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(ii) How did the Nazis use the following to increase their control over Germany between 1933 and 1939?

• Propaganda • Violence

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3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with German foreign policy.

Mussolini Russia Luftwaffe Blitzkrieg Four-Year Plan


Four-Year Plan (i) 1936 plan to prepare Germany for war ______________________

(ii) Italian leader in the 1930s ______________________ [1]

(iii) Nazi method of taking over countries in World War Two ______________________ [1]

(iv) Name of German air force ______________________ [1]

(v) Country led by Joseph Stalin ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.

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(ii) Give two reasons why Hitler invaded the USSR in 1941.

1. ___________________________________________________

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Either German military strength, 1933–1936; Or Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.

Either German military strength, 1933–1936

(i) Why was Hitler able to remilitarise the Rhineland in 1936?

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(ii) How did Hitler increase the strength of Germany’s armed forces between 1933 and 1935?

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Or Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia

(i) Why did Hitler want to take over each of the following?

• The Sudetenland • The rest of Czechoslovakia

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(ii) How were the Nazis able to take over each of the following?

• The Sudetenland, 1938 • The rest of Czechoslovakia, 1939

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End of Section A1Germany c1918–c1941



15 [Turn over5342


A2: Russia c1916–c1941.



4 This question is about the Downfall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Russia in 1917.

Kornilov Prince Lvov Kerensky Khabalev Putilov steel works


(i) Led the Tsar’s garrison in Khabalev Petrograd in February 1917 ______________________

(ii) Leader of the Provisional Government from July to October 1917 ______________________ [1]

(iii) Workers from this factory played an important part in the February Revolution ______________________ [1]

(iv) Appointed head of the Russian army in July 1917 ______________________ [1]

(v) Leader of the Provisional Government from February to July 1917 ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why Tsarina Alexandra was unpopular in Russia by 1916.

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(ii) Give two reasons for the unpopularity of Rasputin in Russia by 1916.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Russia and World War One; Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution.

Either Russia and World War One

(i) Why was the Russian army defeated in World War One?

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(ii) How were the lives of each of the following affected by World War One?

• Workers • Peasants

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Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution

(i) Why did the Provisional Government lose support in Russia in 1917?

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(ii) What actions did Lenin and the Bolsheviks take to gain control of Russia in October 1917?

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19 [Turn over5342


5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Russia in 1918.

Trotsky Britain Poland TsarNicholas II Germany


(i) Country where the Treaty of Poland Brest-Litovsk was signed ______________________

(ii) Murdered by the Bolsheviks in July 1918 ______________________ [1]

(iii) Country with which Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1]

(iv) Country that sent soldiers to Russia to fight against the Bolsheviks in the Civil War ______________________ [1]

(v) Bolshevik leader who played a leading role in signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why Lenin closed the Constituent Assembly in January 1918.

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(ii) Describe two weaknesses of the White Army in the Civil War.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either The Civil War; Or War Communism and the New Economic Policy.

Either The Civil War

(i) Why was each of the following introduced in Russia during the Civil War?

• The Red Terror • War Communism

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21 [Turn over5342


(ii) What were the effects of each of the following on the people of Russia during the Civil War?

• The Red Terror • War Communism

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Or War Communism and the New Economic Policy

(i) Why was War Communism ended by Lenin in March 1921?

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(ii) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of people in Russia by 1924?

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23 [Turn over5342


6 This question is about Stalinist Russia.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the policy of Collectivisation.

Kulak Ukraine State Procurements

Motor Tractor Station Kolkhoz

Following the example below, match each term to the correct description:

(i) Surplus grain that the peasants State Procurements had to give to the government ______________________

(ii) Name for a collective farm ______________________ [1]

(iii) Name of better-off peasant who suffered during Collectivisation ______________________ [1]

(iv) Area of Russia that experienced a severe famine, 1932–1933 ______________________ [1]

(v) Organisation to provide machinery to collective farms ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August 1939.

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(ii) Describe two effects of the Nazi-Soviet Pact on Stalin and the USSR.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Stalin’s Economic Policies; Or Stalin’s Rise to Power and Methods of Control.

Either Stalin’s Economic Policies

(i) Why did Stalin introduce the Five-Year Plan in the USSR in 1928?

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25 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did the Five-Year Plans change industry and the lives of workers in the USSR by 1939?

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Or Stalin’s Rise to Power and Methods of Control

(i) Why was Stalin able to become leader of the USSR by 1929?

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(ii) What methods did Stalin use to increase control over the USSR in the 1930s?

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End of Section A2Russia c1916–c1941



27 [Turn over5342


A3: United States of America c1918–c1941.



7 This question is about the main features of life in 1920s America.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the growth of industry in the USA in the 1920s.

Henry Ford Consumer Goods Detroit Assembly

Line Tin Lizzie


(i) Name for the most popular car Tin Lizzie produced in the 1920s ______________________

(ii) Industrialist who developed the motor car industry in the1920s ______________________ [1]

(iii) New method to speed up production of motor cars ______________________ [1]

(iv) City which became the centre of the motor car industry ______________________ [1]

(v) Name given to labour-saving goods which were developed in the 1920s ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why the USA followed a policy of Isolationism in the 1920s.

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(ii) Describe two problems faced by Black Americans in the 1920s.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Immigration and Prohibition; Or The Economic Boom and Social Life in the 1920s.

Either Immigration and Prohibition

(i) Why did immigrants face hostility in the USA in the 1920s?

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29 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did Prohibition affect life in the USA in the 1920s?

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Or The Economic Boom and Social Life in the 1920s

(i) Why did some groups in the USA fail to benefit from the economic boom in the 1920s?

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(ii) How did the cinema and jazz music influence lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s?

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31 [Turn over5342


8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the Wall Street Crash.

On the Margin New York Stock brokers Speculator Confidence


(i) Person who bought shares for a Speculator quick profit ______________________

(ii) City where the American Stock Exchange was situated ______________________ [1]

(iii) Dealers who bought and sold shares for investors ______________________ [1]

(iv) Belief that the value of shares and economic prosperity would continue to increase ______________________ [1]

(v) Method of buying shares by paying a 10% deposit ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why many American banks collapsed after October 1929.

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(ii) Describe two ways in which the lives of farmers and sharecroppers were affected by the Depression.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Causes of the Depression and Hoover’s Actions; Or Hoover’s Defeat and Effects of the Depression.

Either Causes of the Depression and Hoover’s Actions

(i) Why did an economic depression take place in the USA between 1929 and 1932?

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33 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did President Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression on industry and agriculture between 1929 and 1932?

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Or Hoover’s Defeat and Effects of the Depression

(i) Why was Hoover defeated in the election for President in 1932?

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(ii) How did the Depression affect the lives of workers and the unemployed between 1929 and 1932?

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9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the New Deal.

Beer Act Emergency Banking Act

The Hundred Days

Relief, Recovery and Reform

Action and Action Now


(i) The guiding principles of Relief, Recovery and Reform the New Deal _________________________

(ii) The name given to the emergency measures taken by President Roosevelt in 1933 ______________________ [1]

(iii) The end of Prohibition ______________________ [1]

(iv) Method of restoring people’s confidence in the banking system ______________________ [1]

(v) Slogan used by Roosevelt to show that he intended to end the Depression ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why Dr Townsend opposed the New Deal.

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(ii) Describe two actions resulting from the New Deal which improved the rights of workers in the USA.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Unemployment;

Or Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Agriculture.

Either Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Unemployment

(i) Why did Big Business and the Republican Party oppose the New Deal?

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(ii) How did the New Deal agencies deal with the problem of unemployment in the USA between 1933 and 1939?

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Or Opposition to the New Deal and the New Deal and Agriculture

(i) Explain why the Supreme Court caused problems for Roosevelt and the New Deal.

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(ii) In what ways did the New Deal agencies improve agriculture and the lives of farmers between 1933 and 1939?

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End of Section A3United States of America c1918–c1941

End of Section A



39 [Turn over5342


Section B

Answer two questions from your chosen subject.

Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932–c1949 page 39 to page 50

Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965–c1985 page 51 to page 62.

B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932–c1949.



10 This question is about Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the 1937 Constitution.

Douglas Hyde

The Catholic Church Taoiseach Referendum Dail Eireann


(i) Name of the first President of Douglas Hyde Eire ______________________

(ii) Leader of the government of Eire ______________________ [1]

(iii) Vote by people in Eire to approve the 1937 Constitution ______________________ [1]

(iv) Name of the Irish Parliament ______________________ [1]

(v) Organisation given special recognition in Eire in the 1937 Constitution ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason for the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1938.

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(ii) Describe two terms of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1938.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either The Economic War; Or The Outbreak of War, 1939.

Either The Economic War

(i) Explain why the Economic War began in 1932.

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41 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did the Economic War affect the economy and lives of people in Eire between 1932 and 1938?

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Or The Outbreak of War, 1939

(i) Why did Eire adopt a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War Two?

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(ii) How did Britain abandon appeasement and prepare for the outbreak of war in September 1939?

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43 [Turn over5342


11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War.

(a) Below is a list of terms associated with the war effort in Britain and Northern Ireland.

Rationing Anderson Shelters Evacuation

Air-Raid Precaution Wardens

Smuggling


Air-Raid Precaution (i) People who enforced defence Wardens measures ______________________

(ii) Bringing in food and fuel illegally from Eire during the war ______________________ [1]

(iii) A way of dividing scarce resources, for example, food ______________________ [1]

(iv) Bunkers to protect civilians against German bombs ______________________ [1]

(v) Moving children from cities to safer places in the countryside ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why conscription was not introduced in Northern Ireland during World War Two.

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(ii) Describe two ways in which industry in Northern Ireland helped Britain’s war effort.

1. ___________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________

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Either The Blitz; Or Battle of Britain and Eire’s Neutrality.

Either The Blitz

(i) Why did the German air force bomb Belfast in April and May 1941?

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45 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did the Blitz of April and May 1941 affect Belfast?

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Or Battle of Britain and Eire’s Neutrality

(i) Why did Britain win the Battle of Britain in 1940?

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(ii) How did Eire try to follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two?

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12 This question is about Post-War Relationships.

(a) Below are the names of important politicians in Britain and Eire after 1945.

John Costello

Lord Beveridge

Eamon De Valera

Clement Atlee

Lord Brookeborough


John Costello (i) Taoiseach of Eire in 1949 ______________________

(ii) British Prime Minister who introduced the Welfare State ______________________ [1]

(iii) Taoiseach of Eire until 1948 ______________________ [1]

(iv) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland after 1945 ______________________ [1]

(v) His report led to the creation of the Welfare State ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason for the poor standard of housing in Northern Ireland in 1945.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) Describe two changes made to the system of education in Northern Ireland after 1945.

1. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

2. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]


Either The Welfare State; Or Constitutional Changes in 1949.

Either The Welfare State

(i) Why did people in Northern Ireland have differing views about the introduction of the Welfare State?

_____________________________________________________

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(ii) What effects did the Welfare State have on the lives of people in Northern Ireland by 1949?

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Or Constitutional Changes in 1949

(i) Why was each of the following introduced in 1949?

• The Declaration of the Republic • The Ireland Act

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(ii) How did the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act, 1949 change relations between each of the following?

• Britain and the Republic of Ireland • Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland • Britain and Northern Ireland

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End of Section B1Peace, War and Neutrality c1932–c1949



51 [Turn over5342


B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Irelandand Ireland c1965–c1985.



13 This is a question about Northern Ireland in the 1960s.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Northern Ireland in the 1960s.

Five-Point Programme

Sean Lemass

Ministry of Development RUC Brian

Faulkner


(i) Set up to improve the economy Ministry of Development of Northern Ireland ______________________

(ii) Police force in Northern Ireland ______________________ [1]

(iii) This aimed to help nationalists in Northern Ireland ______________________ [1]

(iv) A unionist politician ______________________ [1]

(v) Irish leader who visited Northern Ireland ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was formed in 1967.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) Describe two occasions when trouble broke out during civil rights marches in the 1960s.

1. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

2. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]


Either O’Neill and the Economy of Northern Ireland; Or Unionist Opposition to O’Neill.

Either O’Neill and the Economy of Northern Ireland

(i) Why did O’Neill want to improve the economy in Northern Ireland in the 1960s?

_____________________________________________________

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53 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did O’Neill attempt to improve the economy of Northern Ireland in the 1960s?

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Or Unionist Opposition to O’Neill

(i) Why did many unionists oppose O’Neill and his policies?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [6]



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(ii) In what ways did many unionists show their opposition to O’Neill and his policies?

_____________________________________________________

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55 [Turn over5342


14 This question is about the Prelude to Direct Rule.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972.

SDLP Oliver Napier Stormont Provisional

IRA Bogside


Oliver Napier (i) Leader of the Alliance Party ______________________

(ii) This group was formed in 1970 ______________________ [1]

(iii) Place where violence broke out in the summer of 1969 ______________________ [1]

(iv) Nationalist political party set up in 1970 ______________________ [1]

(v) Place where the Northern Ireland government met ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason for the formation of the Democratic Unionist Party in 1971.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) Describe two effects of Bloody Sunday, 30th January 1972.

1. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

2. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]


Either Internment; Or The Increasing Violence of 1969 and Britain’s Response.

Either Internment

(i) Why was internment introduced in Northern Ireland in 1971?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________ [6]



57 [Turn over5342


(ii) How did each of the following respond to the introduction of internment?

• Nationalists • Unionists

_____________________________________________________

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Or The Increasing Violence of 1969 and Britain’s Response

(i) Why did many nationalists in Northern Ireland welcome the following in the summer of 1969?

• The arrival of British troops in Northern Ireland • The Downing Street Declaration

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [6]

(ii) In what ways did violence increase in Northern Ireland in the summer of 1969?

_____________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________ [9]



59 [Turn over5342


15 This question is about the Search for a Solution.

(a) Below is a list of names associated with the search for a solution.

Edward Heath

New Ireland Forum

Bobby Sands SDLP Sunningdale


New Ireland Forum (i) An attempt to solve political

problems in Northern Ireland ______________________

(ii) Place where politicians met toset up a Power-Sharing Executive ______________________ [1]

(iii) British Prime Minister who suspended the Stormont government ______________________ [1]

(iv) Leader of the 1981 Hunger Strike ______________________ [1]

(v) Nationalist party which supportedthe Anglo-Irish Agreement ______________________ [1]



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(b) (i) Give one reason why republican prisoners went on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) Describe two actions taken by nationalists to support the Hunger Strike of 1981.

1. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]

2. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [2]


Either Unionists and the Anglo-Irish Agreement; Or Power-sharing, 1973–1974.

Either Unionists and the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

(i) Why did many unionists oppose the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [6]



61 [Turn over5342


(ii) In what ways did unionists oppose the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985?

_____________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________ [9]

Or

Power-sharing, 1973–1974

(i) Why was power-sharing introduced to Northern Ireland?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [6]



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(ii) How did unionists react to the Power-Sharing Executive set up in 1974?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________ [9]

End of Section B2Changing Relationships c1965–c1985

End of Section B

THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER





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Documents

5342 GCSE History P1 FT QP Summer 2010