53:071 Hydraulics and HydrologyProject #1

Pelton TurbineAllen Bradley, Loren Wehmeyer, Li-Chuan Chen, and Marian Muste

Problem StatementA children’s museum in Colorado has purchased a small Pelton turbine for its new display on renewable energy.

Problem StatementThe museum wishes to operate the turbine (with available flows) and sell the power on the open market.You have been hired as a consultant to the museum.

Project ObjectiveYour job is to determine energy (kWh) that can be generated from the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine, and the revenue it can generate ($/year) for the museum.

Site InformationThe effective head for operations at the site is about 120 ftVariations in the forebay elevation are assumed to be minor

Operational InformationThe museum will operate the turbine 7 days a week (9 am to 4 pm).The museum has secured water rights to divert flows from the South Platte River. The allotted diversion depends on the average monthly flow rate in the river.

Laboratory ComponentDetermine the energy conversion efficiency of the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for the proposed operating conditions (Havailable, Q)

Engineering Analysis Components

Compute the energy produced (kWh/yr) if operated as planned.Estimate the revenue that can be generated if the energy is sold on the open market ($/year).Prepare a one-page flyer on the exhibit (for distribution to museum visitors).

Principley

A

x

VEntering jet

j

Exiting jet(nil velocity)

A

r

z

Torqueon shaft

Controlsurface

Nozzle

Turbineshaft NTTP 2

availableavailable QHP

availablePP

Principle240

210

180

150

120

90

60

30

0

Q (L

/m)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Speed (rpm)

Nozzlefull open

3/4 open

5/8 open

1/2 open

1/4 open

1/8 open

10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

60% T

Laboratory ObjectiveTo determine energy conversion efficiency () for the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for three operational discharges (Q)

Laboratory Apparatus

Laboratory Procedures1. TA sets the discharge and initial measuring

speed with the brake off2. Tighten the friction hand-wheel and record

the torque and rotational speed3. Repeat Step 2 with ∆N ≈ 50-100 rpm until

the rotational speed reaches about 500 rpm4. Measure the head on the weir (H1) and

record the reference point (H0)5. TA adjusts to a lower discharge and initial

rotational speed6. Repeat Steps 1 to 5

Data SheetData Acquisition Data Reduction

H0 H1 Pres. T N Q Pavai P η

Run 1

Run 2

Laboratory AnalysisDetermine the discharge using Q=2.49(H1-H0)2.48.Determine the efficiency of the turbine.Plot the rotational speed vs. the efficiency of the turbine. Show results for the three different discharges.

Sample ResultEfficiency curve

0102030405060708090

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000

rotational speed (rpm)

effi

cien

cy High flowmoderate flowlow flow

Project ReportProvide the client (the museum director) with a concise report that answers the project objectives