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Week 1Technology, History and Characteristics of Paper

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Content

History of paper Hand made paper Machine paper making

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Physical format of information:- Stone table Clay table (Rome) Wood Wood Skin/Leaf Animal skins Paper Vallum Parchment Photography Microfilm Tapes CD Multimedia

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History of paper

Fiber – Pulp, cotton. Wood or rug is added with sugar, carbohydrate = 70% cellulose + lignin (organic acid) = paper

All the ingredients are blended together with water and pounded until soft and tender.

Then it is sieve (tapis) with framed linen. The fiber will be left on the framed linen.

It will then be left to dry under the sun. Once dried, they are cut into pieces.

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The knowledge of paper making is widely spread all over the world. It begun in China to Japan the to India and Europe.

From Arabic country, the knowledge all through Spain in 12th century.

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Early paper making in China was made from hemp straw (fiber from moraceous tree) – cannabis, marijuana, bhang, hashis

Ropes, net and small pieces of

linen.

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Paper was first made in China by Tsai-Lun in AD 105.

The physical paper was a rough fiber that was 2000 years old.

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Machine Paper Making

Due to the high demand of paper in the 15th century, printing technology was created.

Hollander (beating engine) was invented to replace the mortars (lesung untuk menghancur bahan-bahan mentah- proses pembuatan awal kertas).

In 1800, paper making machine Fourdrinier was invented. It can produce 2, 000 square foot paper per minute.

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It is form from flax (linen) and hemp. Later it was replaced with cotton and esparto (grass).

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Process of Machine Paper Making

Fiber ------------Pulp Fluffy fiber (kekabu) Cotton Wood Straw + Soda + Sulphur + Chlorine + Alum + Rosin+ 70% cellulose + acid organic

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Recycled Paper

No quality and are not strong Short fiber and no added chemical Changes in the paper PH but did not

change the size of the fiber

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Types of ink

‘lead’ pencils Carbon inks Iron gall inks Aniline dye inks Ballpoint pen inks Hyperwriter inks Ink jet Laser printer toner

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Modern documents

Magnetic tape Microgroove record CD Film Microfilm

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Microgroove Record

Piring hitam - LP Made of PVC/PVA Invented in 1948 Format – single 7” Information is encoded on the

surface as in circle The pressure of the needle need to

be control