513 Learn to knit cover-V4 - Department of Education of Learning Outcomes On successfully completion of the module each participants will be able to: A1. Define the meaning of crocheting

This short course was developed as a resource material for the trainer in thenon-formal sector especially for the women and youth. The course developedis demand oriented and aims to provide opportunities for the participants toacquire relevant knowledge and skills in crocheting and to be able to increaseto a level where low-income earners can be able to make at home or for sale.

CROCHETLearning to crochet

p o box 1097, waiganinational capital districtpapua new guinea.

tel: (675) 323 2633fax: (675) 323 0944

RATIONALE

The development of this short course was sponsored by the ADB-PNGEMPLOYMENT ORIENTED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (EOSDP) andproduced by curriculum officers at the SKILLS TRAINING RESOURCES UNIT(STRU)

NOT FOR SALE

TH013i

OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

SHORT COURSEFor

Papua New Guinea Non-Formal Sector

EMPLOYMENT ORIENTED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - SKILLS TRAINING RESOURCE UNIT 1

Learning to crochet

TABLE OF CONTENT

Course Outline 2

Competency Profile 3

• Basic crochet stitches

Curriculum Guide 4

Overview of learning outcomes 5 – 8

• Definition

• Equipment and materials

• Holding the hook and yarn

• Chain stitch

• Slip stitch

• Double crochet

• Half treble

• Treble

• Double treble

• Triple treble

Instructional notes 8 – 13

• Information on crochet

• Instructional notes on basic crochet stitches

Attachments 13 – 18

• Longer basic stitches

• Stitch variation

Abbreviations used in crocheting 19

• Abbreviation and meaning

• Words and meaning

Acknowledgment 20

CONTENTS PAGES

EMPLOYMENT ORIENTED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - SKILLS TRAINING RESOURCE UNIT

Program: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITYCourse: CROCHETModule code: TH013i

Module name: Learning to crochet

Learning to crochet

2

Module1:Learning to crochet

Module 2:Standard bodymeasurements/sizes

Module 3:Child’s crochet poncho

Module 4:Lady’s crochet poncho

COURSE OUTLINE: Learning to crochet


Duty Task

3

Learning to crochet

COMPETENCY PROFILE: Learning to crochet

A. Basiccrochetstitches

A1. Describewhat iscrocheting

A2. Identifyequipmentand materials

A3. Holdingthe hookand yarn

A4. Make chainstitch

A5. Make slipstitch

A6. Makedoublecrochet

A7. Make halftreble

A8. Maketreble stitch

A9. Makedoubletreble

A10. Maketripletreble

B. Standardbodymeasurements/sizes

B1. Explain standardbodymeasurements

B2. Identify andmeasure bodyparts

B3. Identify Bodymeasurements forbaby

B4. Identify Bodymeasurements forchild

B5. Measure Bodymeasurements forwoman

B6. Measure Bodymeasurements forman

C. Child’scrochetponcho

C1. Identify size ofpattern

C2. Identify crochetmaterials

C3. Make the poncho

D. Lady’scrochetponcho

D1. Identify size ofpattern

D2. Identify crochetmaterials

D3. Crochet theponcho


Learning to crochet

4

Program: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Course: CROCHET

Module code: TH013i

Module name: Learning to Crochet

Nominal duration: Approximately 5 hours to complete the module.

Module Purpose: By successfully completion of the module the participants will be ableto identify and demonstrate basic crocheting skills.

Prerequisites: There are no pre-requisite to this module.

Content: A1. What is crocheting

A2. Equipments and materials

A3. Holding the hook

A4. Chain stitch

A5. Slip stitch

A6. Double crochet

A7. Half treble

A8. Treble

A9. Double treble

A10. Triple treble

Suggested delivery method: The short course will be delivered in a practical, hands-on manner.1. Explanation (what we will do) 5%

2. Demonstration (how we will do it) 15%

3. Implementation (now you do it) 70%

4. Evaluation (how good did we do it) 10%

Instructor: The trainer preferred will be a recognised trainer from the communityor a trained vocational teacher who has the skill in crocheting.

Evaluation: The participant will be evaluated from each completion of tasks ofbasic crocheting stitches.

Reference: Ting, Susie (ed.). 1982. The complete book of handcrafts. Ure SmithPress, Willoughby.

Wiyawa, Saisiyato. 1997. Crochet - The training Module. PNG-GTZ.

CURRICULUM GUIDE

Overview of Learning Outcomes

On successfully completion of the module eachparticipants will be able to:A1. Define the meaning of crochetingA2. Identify equipment and materials in crochetingA3. Demonstrate holding the hook and the yarnA4. Demonstrate making the chain stitchA5. Demonstrate making the slip stitchA6. Demonstrate making the Double crochet stitchA7. Demonstrate making the half treble stichA8. Demonstrate making the trebleA9. Demonstrate making the double trebleA10. Demonstrate making the triple treble

APPENDIX 1: Training and Assessment Guide

Learning outcome A1.1:• Define crochet

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;1.1 Define the meaning of crochet.

Assessment condition:In a classroom situation or a training hall whereall participants are provided with a;• wool• tape measure (optional)• hooks• training notes

Assessment criteria:The trainee has;1.1.1 Explained in his/ her own words the

definition of crochet.

Assessment method:• Oral testing


Learning outcome A2.1:• Identify equipment and materials

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;2.1 Identify and explain the size of hook to use.2.2 Explain and describe the type of wool to use.2.3 Identify other necessary items.

Assessment condition:In a classroom situation or a training hall whereall participants are provided with a;• hook• yarn (wool)• tape measure (optional)• scissors

Assessment criteria:The trainee has;2.1.1 Outlined the sizes of the hook:

• size 12 (2.50 mm) or• size 9 (3.50 mm).

2.2.2 Selected the type of wool for use:• standard size wool (bilum wool).

2.3.3 Listed other items to use:• scissors,• tape measure.

Assessment method:• Short answer question


Learning outcome A3.1:• Demonstrate holding the hook and the yarn

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;3.1 Explain and demonstrate holding the hook.3.2 Explain and demonstrate holding the yarn.3.3 Explain and demonstrate holding the hook

and the yarn.


Learning to crochet

Task A3.1: Holding the hook and the yarn.

Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes

Task A1.1: Define crochet.


Task A2.1: Identify equipment and materials.


Assessment condition:In a classroom situation or a training hall whereall participants are provided with a;• hook• yarn (wool)• tape measure (optional)• scissors

Assessment criteria:The trainee has;3.1.1 Demonstrated holding the hook.3.2.2 Demonstrated holding.3.3.3 Demonstrated holding the hook and the yarn.

Assessment method:• Observation• Practical demostration


Learning outcome A4.1:• Make the chain stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;4.1 Identify and explain steps in making chain

stitch.4.2 Demonstrate steps in making the chain stitch.

Assessment condition:In a classroom situation or a training hall whereall participants are provided with a;• hook• wool• tape measure (optional)

Assessment criteria:The trainee has:4.1.1 Outlined steps in making the chain stitch.4.2.2 Practiced making the chain stitches.

Assessment method:• Checklist• Observation• Practical demostration


Learning outcome A5.1:• Make slip stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;5.1 Identify and explain the steps in making the

slip stitch.5.2 Explain and demonstrate making the slip

stitch.

Assessment condition:In a classroom situation or a training hall whereall participants are provided with a;• hook• wool

Assessment criteria:The trainee has;5.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the slip stitch.5.2.2 Practiced making the slip stitch.



Learning outcome A6.1:• Make the double crochet stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;6.1 Identify and explain steps in making double

crochet stitch.6.2 Demonstrate step in making the double

crochet stitch.



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Task A4.1: Chain stitch.


Task A5.1: Slip stitch.


Task A6.1: Double crochet.


Assessment criteria:The trainee has;6.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the double

crochet stitch.6.2.2 Crocheted the double crochet stitch.



Learning outcome A7.1:• Make the half treble stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;7.1 Identify and explain steps in making half

treble stitch.7.2 Demonstrate step in making the half treble

stitch.


Assessment criteria:The trainee has;7.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the half treble

stitch.7.2.2 Crocheted the half treble stitch.



Learning outcome A8.1:• Make the treble stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;8.1 Identify and explain steps in making the

treble stitch.8.2. Demonstrate step in making the treble stitch.


Assessment criteria:The trainee has;8.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the treble stitch.8.2.2 Crocheted the treble stitch.



Learning outcome A9.1:• Make the double treble stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe instructor to;9.1 Identify and explain steps in making the

double treble stitch.9.2 Demonstrate step in making the double treble

stitch.


Assessment criteria:The trainee has;9.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the double

treble stitch.9.2.2 Crocheted the double crochet stitch.



Learning to crochet

Task A7.1: Half treble stitch.


Task A8.1: Treble stitch.


Task A9.1: Double treble stitch.



Learning outcome A10.1:• Make the double treble stitch

Teaching strategy:Learning activities for the trainee must includethe nstructor to;10.1 Identify and explain steps in making the

triple treble stitch.10.2 Demonstrate step in making the triple treble

stitch.


Assessment criteria:The trainee has;10.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the triple

treble stitch.10.2.2 Crochet the triple crochet stitch.


APPENDIX 11: Instructional Notes

Crochet (meaning “hook” in French) is a series ofinterlocking loops of thread onto a chain using aslender rod with a hook at the end. A single chainof loops is created, with each new loop catchingthe thread or yarn and pulling it through theprevious loop. After the chain has beencompleted to the desired length, the thread oryarn is then turned starting a second chain (or thestart of a row). Various stitches and patterns canbe created. Some of the more common stitchesknown are: Chain, Single Crochet, Half-DoubleCrochet, Double Crochet, Popcorn Crochet, andCluster Crochet.

The only tool required is a crochet hook and theonly basic material is some thread and yarn.However, several other items will be useful:• Tape measure• A clean bag to keep your work in.• Pencil and paper to keep a note of increase

and decrease• Scissors

CROCHET HOOKS SIZES

Everyone has their own personal way of holdingthe hook and controlling the yarn in crochet.Right handers hold the hook in their right hand,usually a as though it were a pencil: or b in afirmer, overhand grip.


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A1: What is the meaning of Crochet?

A2: Items required in crochetTask A10.1: Make a triple treble stitch.


Millimetres Range U.S. Size Range2.25mm B-1

2.75mm C-2

3.25mm D-33.5mm E-4

3.75mm F-5

4mm G-6

4.5mm 7

5mm H-8

5.5mm I-9

6.5mm I-10

8mm L-11

9mm M/N-13

10mm N/P-15

15mm Q

19mm S

A3: Holding the hook and yarn.

c. The left hand holds the work and at the sametime controls the yarn supply. If you prefer, theleft hand index finger can be used to manipulatethe yarn, while the middle finger hols onto thework.

d. To maintain the slight tension in the yarnnecessary for easy, even working, it can help toarrange the yarn around the fingers of the lefthand in this way.

Hints for left handers: Prop the book up next to amirror, so you can see the illustrations in ‘mirrorimage’, while still being able to read the text fromthe original page.

THE BASE CHAINAlmost all crochet starts with a base (or foundation)chain. This is the equivalent of casting on inknitting.The base chain is a series of chain stitches, whichnormally begin with a loop secured by a slip knot.

SLIP KNOTa. Make a loop; hook another loop through it.b. Tighten gently and slide the knot up to the hook.

a. Wrap the yarn over the hook in an anticlockwisedirection (or hold the yarn a till and manoeuvrethe hook);b. draw the yarn through to form a new loopwithout the tightening up the previous one.


Learning to crochet

a

b

c

d

a

b

A4: Chain stitch (ch).

a

To make a length of base chain, make as many asrequired.

Hint: Keep shifting your left hand position upclose to the hook every couple of stitches or so;this is easy, if you use a right hand finger tip tohold down the loop on the hook, while you do so.

To count chain correctly as you make them, donot count the initial slip loop as a chain. To countthem afterwards, first make sure that they are nottwisted and that you are looking at the ‘front’ c;then countback, but ignore the loop still on thehook.

Front

Back

a. Insert the hook into the work as indicated, wrapthe yarn over the hook, draw the yarn throughthe work and the loop on the hook in onemovement – that is one slip stitch completed;repeat this last step b.

a. Insert the hook into the work, wrap the yarnover the hook and draw the yarn through thework only, b. wrap the yarn again and draw theyarn through both loops on the hook c. 1 dcmade.


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bA5: Slip stitch (sl, st).

a

b

A6: Double crochet (dc).

a

b

a .Wrap the yarn over the hook and insert thehook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over thehook, draw through the work only and wrap theyarn again; c. draw through all 3 loops on thehook.

a. Wrap the yarn over the hook and insert thehook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over thehook, draw through the work only and warp theyarn again; c. draw through the first 2 loops onlyand wrap the yarn again; d draw through the last2 loops on the hook.


Learning to crochet

c

A7: Half treble (htr).

a

b

c

A8: Treble (tr).

a

b

c

d


a .Warp the yarn over the hook twice and insertthe hook into the work, b. warp the yarn over thehook, draw through the work only and wrap theyarn again; c. draw through the first 2 loops onlyand wrap the yarn again; d. draw through thenext 2 loops only and warp the yarn again; e.draw through the last 2 loops on the hook.

a. Wrap the yarn over hook 3 times and insert thehook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over thehook, draw through the work only and wrap theyarn again; c. and d. draw through the first 2loops only and wrap the yarn again; repeat thislast step twice; e. draw through the last 2 loopson the hook.

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A9: Double treble (dtr).

a

b

c

d

e

A10: Triple treble (ttr).

a

b

c


ATTACHMENTS

THE LONGER BASIC STITCHESLonger basic stitches - usually called:• Quadruple Treble (quad tr),• Quintuple Treble (quin tr),• Sextuple Treble (sex tr), -are made by wrapping the yarn 4,5,6 or moretimes over the hook at the beginning and bywrapping and drawing through 2 loops moretimes to complete the stitch.

STITCH VARIATIONS

GROUPS

For decorationA ‘group’ – several complete stitches worked intothe same place – may consist of more than onekind of stitch. a. A group of 5 treble stitches issometimes called a ‘shell’.

For increasingIn a fabric made of solid, basic stitches, such as b.double crochet, or c. treble, working 2 or morestitches into one stitch at the ends of the row isusually the best way of ‘increasing’ smoothly(making the fabric wider by adding stitches on).

CLUSTERS

For decorationA ‘cluster’ – 2 or more stitches joined together atthe top – may consist of more than one kind ofbasic or special stitch. Any combination ofstitches may be joined into a cluster by leavingthe last loop of each temporarily on the hookuntil they are all worked off together at the end.

For decreasingClusters of double crochet and treble stitches insimple arrangements, as shown here a. and b. areused for ‘decreasing’ (making the fabric narrowerby reducing the number of stitches) as well as forpattern interest.

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Learning to crochet

d

e

a

b

c

a


To work 2 double crochet stitches togethera. Insert the into the next stitch (or as required),wrap the yarn round the hook, draw a loopthrough; b. repeat this step into the next stitch, (3loops on the hook); c. wrap the yarn and drawthrough all the loops on the hook to complete.

To work 3 double crochet stitches togetherWork as above until there are 3 loops on thehook; a. insert the hook into a third stitch, wrapthe yarn and draw through a loop, (4 loops on thehook); b. wrap the yarn and draw through all theloops on the hook to complete.

To work 2 or 3 treble stitches togethera. Wrap the yarn round the hook, insert the hookinto the next stitch (or as required), wrap theyarn, draw a loop through, wrap the yarn anddraw through 2 of the loops on the hook (2 loopsleft on the hook); b. repeat this step into the nextstitch, (3 loops on the hook); c. to work 3 treblestitches tog repeat it once more into the nextstitch, (4 loops on the hook); d. wrap the yarn anddraw through all the loops on the hook tocomplete.

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b

a

b

c

a

b

a


BETWEEN STITCHESInserting the hook between the stitches andbeneath the bundle of threads which joins themat the top opens up a solid fabric.

UNDER ONE LOOPInserting the hook under one top loop only (eitherthe back loop, or the front loop), leaves the otherloop exposed as horizontal bar. Depending uponwhich stitches are picked out in this way,horizontal ridges or ‘woven’ effects can becreated. The fabric also tends to become moreelastic.Under back loop

Under front loop

RAISED (RELIEF) STITCHESInserting the hook round the whole stem of astitch creates raised or relief affects.To work a ‘raised’ treble at the front of the fabrica. Wrap the yarn round the hook, insert the hookfrom in front and from right to left round thestem of the appropriate stitch; b., c. and completethe stitch normally a.

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Learning to crochet

b

c

d

a


WORKING INTO CHAIN SPACESWhen working a single stitch, or group, into achain spaces, or chain loop, it is normal to ainsert the hook into the spaces beneath the chainarch; this is quick and easy. It is important tonotice, however, if the pattern instructionsstipulate working into a particular chain, as youwould, for instance, when working into the basechain b, since the technique may well change theresult significantly.

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b

c

d

e

f

a

b


POPCORNA popcorn is a group of complete stitches,usually worked into the same place, folded andclosed at the top. The number and type ofstitches include varies.

To make a popcorn with 4 treble stitchesa. Work 4 treble stitches into one stitch normally;b. take the hook out of the working loop, insert itunder the top 2 loops of the first treble in thegroup just made, c. pick up the working loopagain and draw this through to close the grouptogether and project it towards you.

Note: on a ‘wrong side’ row insert the hook frombehind and close the group so that it projectstowards the right side of the fabric.

BOBBLEA bobble is a cluster of stitches (usually 3 to 5)joined together at the top and also worked intothe same place, Bobbles are thrown into reliefmost effectively when the stitches before andafter them are shorter and they are worked on‘worked side’ rows.

To make a bobble of 3 treble stitchesa. Work trebles, always inserting the hook into thesame stitch and leaving the last loop of each onthe hook as when working three treble stitchestogether; wrap the yarn over the hook and drawthrough all the loops on the hook to complete.b. It often helps, particularly with the bulkierbobbles clusters, to work an extra chain stitch toclose them firmly.

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Learning to crochet

a

b

c

a

b


CRAB STITCH, CORDED OR REVERSE0

DOUBLE STITCHCrab stitch (or Reversed Double Crochet) is usedas a decorative texture or edging. It consists ofworking double crochet stitches in the ‘wrong’direction that is from left to right for righthanders. After a right side row do not turn.a. Always starting with the hook facingdownwards, insert the hook back into the nextstitch to the right. Pull the yarn through twistingthe hook to face upwards at the same time.b. Wrap the yarn and draw through to finish offthe dc as normally. c. Insert hook ready for nextstitch. d. The direction of working causes thestitches to twist and create the decorative effect.

Learning to crochet

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a

b

c

d


THE ABBREVIATION USED IN CROCHETING GLOSSARY

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Learning to crochet

Abbreviation/ MeaningAcronymalt alternate

Approx approximately

beg begin/ning

ch chain

cm centimetre

con continue

dc double crochet

dec decreases/or decreasing

dtr double treble

foll following

htr half treble

inc increase/or increasing

lp/s loop/s

patt/s patterns

rep repeat

sl slip

slst slip stitch

sp/s spaces

st/s stitches

tog together

tr treble

ttr triple treble

Word MeaningAsterisks These are used to simplifyand Brackets repetition. Instructions are put

inside brackets and these are tobe worked the number of timesstated, for example: ‘(1 ch, 1 trinto next st) 5 times’.

Chain A serious of loops forming achain, used at the start of everycrochet pattern.

Double crochet A stitch formed by the doubleaction of the crochet hook. It canbe made in two ways: as a flatsurface, or as a ridge surface.

Double treble The thread is wound twicearound the hook instead of once.

Fastening off Finishing off stitches at the end ofa piece of work.

Shell stitch A group of 5 treble stitches.

Slip stitch A stitch formed by passing thehook through the stitch anddrawing it through both loops onthe back.

Tension/Gauge The number of stitches/motifs/patterns given to each squareinch or inches as stipulated in thepattern.

Treble Ordinary treble stitch, made bywinding the thread once aroundthe hook before putting it into thestitch.

Triple treble An elaborate form of treble,where the tread is wound threetimes around the hook before thehook is inserted in the stitchbelow.


Learning to crochet

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This short course module, developed in Papua New Guinea, is based on the competency-based trainingmodel.The Skill Training Resource Unit (STRU) of Employment Oriented Skills Development Project (EOSDP)in conjunction with Department (TVET) division and the implementing agency Department forCommunity Development Services wish to express their thanks to the people who have contributed inproducing the module.We hope it will provide basic knowledge and skills for the informal and the formal sectors especiallythe women, men and the youth to be employed or self-employed through having better skills fortomorrow.

Acknowledgments

p o box 1097, waiganinational capital districtpapua new guinea.

tel: (675) 323 2633fax: (675) 323 0944

The development of this short course wassponsored by the ADB-PNGEMPLOYMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENTPROJECT (EOSDP) and produced bycurriculum officers at the SKILLSTRAINING RESOURCES UNIT (STRU)

Documents

513 Learn to knit cover-V4 - Department of Education of Learning Outcomes On successfully completion of the module each participants will be able to: A1. Define the meaning of crocheting