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Population density is the number of individuals that live in a defined area. 5.1 How Populations Grow

5.1 How Populations Grow · PDF fileExponential Growth vs. Logistic Growth ... • Shown as a “J‐shaped” curve 5.1 How Populations Grow. Exponential Growth vs. Logistic Growth

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Population density is the number of individuals that live in a defined area. 

5.1 How Populations Grow

KEY CONCEPT Populations grow in predictable patterns.

5.1 How Populations Grow

Four factors affect the size of a population. 

– immigration– births– emigration– deaths

5.1 How Populations Grow

Exponential Growth vs. Logistic Growth

• Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.

• Shown as a “J‐shaped” curve

5.1 How Populations Grow

Exponential Growth vs. Logistic Growth

• Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.

Lag Phase = initial period of slow growth

Exponential Growth Phase= period of rapid growth when

population repeatedly increasesin size; does not continue forever

5.1 How Populations Grow

• Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources. • Shown as a “S‐shaped” curve

5.1 How Populations Grow

• Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.

1) Lag Phase

2) Exponential Growth Phase

3) Reaching CarryingCapacity

4) Leveling Off

5.1 How Populations Grow

• humans are in the exponential phase of growth• Projections for the future estimate 8.9 billion people by 

2050 

Human Population Growth

5.1 How Populations Grow

Ecological factors limit population growth. 

• A limiting factor is something that keeps the size of a population down. 1) Density-dependent limiting factors

- affected by the number of individuals in a given area- ex: predation, competition, parasitism and disease

5.2 Limits of Growth

2) Density‐independent limiting factors ‐ limit a population’s growth regardless of the density.– ex: unusual weather, natural disasters, human activities

5.2 Limits of Growth

KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity.

6.3 Biodiversity

Which is more diverse?

A B

6.3 Biodiversity

Which is more diverse?

A B

6.3 Biodiversity

A B

Which has more diversity?

6.3 Biodiversity

Which has more biodiversity?

A B

6.3 Biodiversity

biodiversity = the variety life forms on Earth

6.3 Biodiversity

Importance of Biodiversity  

• Every organism has its own niche (ex: producers, decomposers)

• All organisms depend on each other (ex: symbiosis, food chain/food web)

• Provide a variety of resources:‐ food‐ clean water‐medicine‐ recycled nutrients 

6.3 Biodiversity

Loss of Biodiversity  Causes:1) Habitat loss2) Pollution3) Overharvesting4) Global climate change5) Introduced or Invasive new species 

(non‐native species)

6.3 Biodiversity

Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.  

• An introduced species is one that is brought to an ecosystem by humans.– accidental– purposeful

• Invasive speciescan have anenvironmentaland economicimpact.

6.3 Biodiversity

Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.  

• Non‐native species may introduce parasites, plants, and animal species that are not native to a particular area.

• Many non‐native species compete against native species for the resources (food, shelter) and disruptthe balance of the environment.

• Non‐native species flourish because they have few natural predators or parasites to slow down their population growth.

6.3 Biodiversity

• Invasive species often push out native species.– Burmese python

Origin: Southeast AsiaCurrent Habitat: Florida EvergladesMethod of Arrival: came to U.S. as a pet speciesProblem: threats to endangered bird species in the Everglades

6.3 Biodiversity

• Invasive species often push out native species.– mice

Origin: EuropeCurrent Habitat: AustraliaMethod of Arrival: British Cargo ship in late 1700sProblem: major pest species and caused economic

damage of crops

6.3 Biodiversity

• Invasive species often push out native species.– Kudzu plant

Origin: Southeast AsiaCurrent Habitat: Eastern United StatesMethod of Arrival: came to U.S. as an ornamental 

house plant in 1876Problem: classified as a problematic weed species 

because of its rapid growth

6.3 Biodiversity

Loss of Biodiversity  Result:1) Ecosystem Breakdown2) More Endangered Species3) Extinction

6.3 Biodiversity