500 B.C.E – A.D. 500

The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of it’s impact on Western civilization by: Assessing the influence of

geography on Roman economic, social, and political development

Explaining the social structure and role of slavery, significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic

Sequencing events leading to the Roman military domination of the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe and the spread of Roman culture in these areas

Essential Questions: How was geographic location

important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome?

How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic?

Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?

Cities Rome Alexandria Antioch Byzantium Carthage

Seas Mediterranean Black

Mountains Carpathian Mountains

Rivers Po Tiber Nile Danube Rhine

Questions:What are the

advantages of Rome’s location?

What are the disadvantages of Rome’s location?

Features Boot-shaped Peninsula

Sea access Italian Peninsula

Apennine Mountains Successful agriculture

Alps Mountains Located North of Rome

Advantages Easy movement Alps Mountains offered

protection Sea access

Located in the center of the Mediterranean

Sea-borne commerce

Disadvantages Limited land Few resources

Objectives:6.1a To describe how geography influenced Rome’s

development6.1b What were the major features of the Roman

RepublicTo describe how the Punic Wars helped increase

Roman power

First settlers were prehistoric

Three main groups of Earliest settlersLatinsGreeksEtruscans

1000 to 500 B.C.E.Latins

Farmers, SheppardsWandered from Alps around

1000 B.C.E.Settled on Tiber River in

Latium, built original RomeSettlement on Palatine Hill1st Romans

Greeks750- 500 B.C.E.

settled Sicily and southern Italy

Prosperous cities and commercially active

Brought into contact with Greek civilization

Copied Greek Gods and legends

EtruscansNative to

Northern ItalySkilled

metalworkers and engineers

Influenced Roman civilizationwriting system =

Roman alphabetArchitecture = use

of the ArchEtruscan rituals to

win favor of Gods

Etruscan Kings600 B.C.E. 1st Etruscan

becomes kingHilltop villages grow to

massive city that covered 500 square miles

Ordered temples and the Forum to be built

Last king Tarquin the ProudHarsh tyrantOverthrown in 509 B.C.E.

Rise of the RepublicRomans never wanted a

king againEstablished a new

governmentA republic

Power rests with citizens who have sole right to elect leaders

Political GroupsPatricians

Aristocratic landownersPowerful nobility

Held most powerInherited power and

statusPlebeians

Common farmers, artisans, and merchantsMajority of population

Citizens of RomeBarred by law from

holding most government offices

Formed TribunesRepresentatives Protected Plebeian rights

SlavesNot based on race

Often military prisoners

Twelve TablesPlebeian forced

written law451 B.C.E.Established that

all free citizens had right of the protection of law

“balanced” government Had the best features of

monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy

Consuls “monarchy” branch Elected 2 Commanded army Directed government Term only 1 year, could not

be reelected for 10 years Could veto each other

Senate “aristocratic” branch Legislative and

administrative functions 300 members Membership for life

Assemblies Citizen-soldiers Plebeian controlled Centuriate and Tribal

Dictator Appointed in times of crisis Absolute power Only lasted 6 months Chosen by consuls, elected by

senate

Who could be citizens?Males onlyPatriciansPlebeiansSelected ForeignersNOT SLAVES

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

Pay taxesServe in the military

All citizens who owned land required to serve in army

To secure certain public offices 10 years in army required

Organized into legionsEach legion had 5,000

infantry and calvaryBattle strategy:

Three lines1st: youngest and strongest3rd: most disciplined

Each legion divided into centuries of 80 men

Conquering ItalyDominated peninsula by

4th century B.C.E.390 B.C.E attacked by

the Gauls, sacked RomeRomans quickly rebuilt

and established controlDefeated Etruscans and

Greek city-statesThree categories for

subdued territoryLatins

Full citizensTerritories farther from

RomeNo right to vote

Everyone elseAllies of Rome

Commercial NetworksRoman merchants

moved by land and sea Traded Roman wine and

olive oilRome and Carthage

competed for tradeWar

Carthage, a power Phoenician colony fought for trading control

264-146 B.C.E. = three wars

1st Punic Warlasted 23 yearsControl of SicilyCarthage defeated

2nd Punic War218 B.C.E.Hannibal

Invaded Italy, 10 yearsBattle of Cannae, 216

B.C.E.Scipio attacked Carthage202 B.C.E. Hannibal

defeated

3rd Punic War149 B.C.E.Carthage no real

threatCato: “Carthage

must be destroyed” Set on fire, citizens

became slaves

After the Punic Wars, Rome dominated the Western MediterraneanExpanded trade and

wealth for Rome

Rome next looked to conquer the East and by 70 B.C.E. Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean

Who? Rome vs. CarthageWhen? 264-261 B.C.E.Cause? Control of MediterraneanThings to Know:

Series of three wars : Rome wins ALLRome’s victory= dominance of MediterraneanHannibal was famous general from CarthageCarthage is destroyed and no longer a power

Benefits for Rome:Rome expands into Africa, Asia, and Europe

The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of it’s impact on Western civilization by: Assessing the influence of

geography on Roman economic, social, and political development

Explaining the social structure and role of slavery, significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic

Sequencing events leading to the Roman military domination of the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe and the spread of Roman culture in these areas

Essential Questions: How was geographic location

important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome?

How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic?

Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?