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[5]
[5]
TR
AN
SP
OR
TA
TIO
NT
RA
NS
PO
RT
AT
ION
TR
AN
SP
OR
TA
TIO
NT
RA
NS
PO
RT
AT
ION
S e
t i j a d
i
setija
di@
Su
pp
lyC
ha
inIn
do
ne
sia.co
m
1
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
: T
ran
spo
rtatio
n: T
he O
bjectives
Th
e Ob
jectives
To c
arry
goods a
nd
To p
rovid
e
goods a
nd
mate
rials
The O
bje
ctiv
es o
f
Tra
nsporta
tion
At a minimal cost in
-Time
-Money
-Environmental
Degradation
2
To p
rovid
e
tem
pora
ry
sto
rage for in
-
transit in
ventory
Pro
du
ct Mo
vem
en
t P
rod
uct M
ove
me
nt [1
][1
]
1.
Efficie
nt u
se o
f time
–E
fficien
t use
of tim
e is a
facto
r in d
eve
lop
ing
a su
ccessfu
l
tran
spo
rtatio
n stra
teg
y b
eca
use
inve
nto
ry in
tran
sit isn’t
ava
ilab
le fo
r use
in p
rod
uctio
n o
r for sa
le to
custo
me
r.a
vaila
ble
for u
se in
pro
du
ction
or fo
r sale
to cu
stom
er.
–Tra
nsp
orta
tion
cost tra
de
off a
ga
inst in
ven
tory
costs.
3
Pro
du
ct Mo
vem
en
t P
rod
uct M
ove
me
nt [2
][2
]
2.
Efficie
nt u
se o
f mo
ne
y
–V
eh
icle co
sts
–D
river/o
pe
rato
r costs
Ve
hicle
op
era
ting
costs
–V
eh
icle o
pe
ratin
g co
sts
–G
en
era
l an
d a
dm
inistra
tive co
sts
–In
sura
nce
an
d se
curity
costs
4
Pro
du
ct Mo
vem
en
t P
rod
uct M
ove
me
nt [3
][3
]
3.
Min
ima
l ha
rm to
the
en
viro
nm
en
t
5
Te
mp
ora
ry S
tora
ge
Te
mp
ora
ry S
tora
geT
em
pora
ry
Short-te
rm
sto
rage
Cro
wded
Changed
destin
atio
n
sto
rage
6
Cro
wded
facility
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
Sta
ke
ho
lde
rsT
ran
spo
rtatio
n S
tak
eh
old
ers
��� �S
hip
per
��� �P
ublic
Ship
per
��� �R
ecip
ient
(Consig
nee)
��� �P
ublic
��� �G
overn
ment
7
��� �C
arrie
r
Ma
jor M
od
es o
f Tra
nsp
orta
tion
Ma
jor M
od
es o
f Tra
nsp
orta
tion
��� �R
ail
transport
��� �A
ir
transport
transport
��� �
Tru
cks/
Moto
r
carrie
rs
��� �
transport
��� �P
ipelin
e
transport
8
��� �W
ate
r
transport
Tru
cklo
ad
(TL
)T
ruck
loa
d (T
L)
•A
vera
ge
reve
nu
e p
er to
n m
ile (1
99
6) =
9.1
3 ce
nts
•A
vera
ge
ha
ul =
27
4 m
iles
•A
vera
ge
Ca
pa
city =
42
,00
0 -
50
,00
0 lb
.•
Ave
rag
e C
ap
acity
= 4
2,0
00
-5
0,0
00
lb.
•Lo
w fixe
d a
nd
varia
ble
costs
•M
ajo
r Issue
s
–U
tilizatio
n
–C
on
sisten
t serv
ice
–B
ack
ha
uls
9
Le
ss Th
an
Tru
cklo
ad
(LTL
)L
ess T
ha
n T
ruck
loa
d (LT
L)
•A
vera
ge
reve
nu
e p
er to
n-m
ile (1
99
6) =
25
.08
cen
ts
•A
vera
ge
ha
ul =
64
6 m
iles
•H
igh
er fixe
d co
sts (term
ina
ls) an
d lo
w va
riab
le co
sts•
Hig
he
r fixed
costs (te
rmin
als) a
nd
low
varia
ble
costs
•M
ajo
r issue
s:
–Lo
catio
n o
f con
solid
atio
n fa
cilities
–U
tilizatio
n
–V
eh
icle ro
utin
g
–C
usto
me
r serv
ice
10
Pa
cka
ge
Ca
rriers
Pa
cka
ge
Ca
rriers
•C
om
pa
nie
s like Fe
dE
x, UP
S, U
SP
S, th
at ca
rry sm
all p
acka
ge
s
ran
gin
g fro
m le
tters to
ship
me
nts o
f ab
ou
t 15
0 p
ou
nd
s
•E
xpe
nsive
Exp
en
sive
•R
ap
id a
nd
relia
ble
de
livery
•S
ma
ll an
d tim
e-se
nsitive
ship
me
nts
•P
refe
rred
mo
de
for e
-bu
sine
sses (e
.g., A
ma
zon
, De
ll,
McM
aste
r-Ca
rr)
•C
on
solid
atio
n o
f ship
me
nts (e
spe
cially
imp
orta
nt fo
r pa
ckag
e
carrie
rs tha
t use
air a
s a p
rima
ry m
eth
od
of tra
nsp
ort)
11
carrie
rs tha
t use
air a
s a p
rima
ry m
eth
od
of tra
nsp
ort)
Ra
ilR
ail
•A
vera
ge
reve
nu
e / to
n-m
ile (1
99
6) =
2.5
cen
ts
•A
vera
ge
ha
ul =
72
0 m
iles
•A
vera
ge
loa
d =
80
ton
s•
Ave
rag
e lo
ad
= 8
0 to
ns
•K
ey
issue
s:
–S
che
du
ling
to m
inim
ize d
ela
ys / imp
rove
serv
ice
–O
ff-track
de
lays (a
t picku
p a
nd
de
livery
en
d)
–Ya
rd o
pe
ratio
ns
–V
aria
bility
of d
elive
ry tim
es
12
Air
Air
•K
ey
issue
s:
–Lo
catio
n/n
um
be
r of h
ub
s
–Lo
catio
n o
f flee
t ba
ses/cre
w b
ase
s
Sch
ed
ule
op
timiza
tion
–S
che
du
le o
ptim
izatio
n
–F
lee
t assig
nm
en
t
–C
rew
sche
du
ling
–Y
ield
ma
na
ge
me
nt
13
Pip
elin
eP
ipe
line
•H
igh
fixed
cost
•P
rima
rily fo
r crud
e p
etro
leu
m, re
fine
d p
etro
leu
m p
rod
ucts,
na
tura
l ga
sn
atu
ral g
as
•B
est fo
r larg
e a
nd
pre
dicta
ble
de
ma
nd
•W
ou
ld b
e u
sed
for g
ettin
g cru
de
oil to
a p
ort o
r refin
ery, b
ut
no
t for g
ettin
g re
fine
d g
aso
line
to a
ga
solin
e sta
tion
(wh
y?
)
14
Wa
ter
Wa
ter
•Lim
ited
to ce
rtain
ge
og
rap
hic a
rea
s
•O
cea
n, in
lan
d w
ate
rwa
y syste
m, co
asta
l wa
ters
•V
ery
larg
e lo
ad
s at ve
ry lo
w co
st•
Ve
ry la
rge
loa
ds a
t very
low
cost
•S
low
est
•D
om
ina
nt in
glo
ba
l trad
e (a
uto
s, gra
in, a
pp
are
l, etc.)
15
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
De
sirab
ility C
riteria
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
De
sirab
ility C
riteria
Cost
Speed
Relia-
bility
Capa-
bility
Accessi-
bility
Security
Rail
33
45
43
Rail
33
45
43
Road
24
54
54
Water
42
22
22
Air
15
33
35
16
Pipeline
5-
-1
--
1 = Tidak disukai (sangat lemah)
5 = Disukai (sangat unggul)
Inte
rmo
da
lIn
term
od
al
•U
se o
f mo
re th
an
on
e m
od
e o
f tran
spo
rtatio
n to
mo
ve a
sh
ipm
en
t to its d
estin
atio
n
•M
ost co
mm
on
exa
mp
le: ra
il/truck
•A
lso w
ate
r/rail/tru
ck o
r wa
ter/tru
ck•
Also
wa
ter/ra
il/truck
or w
ate
r/truck
•G
row
n co
nsid
era
bly
with
incre
ase
d u
se o
f con
tain
ers
•In
crea
sed
glo
ba
l trad
e h
as a
lso in
crea
sed
use
of in
term
od
al
tran
spo
rtatio
n
•M
ore
con
ven
ien
t for sh
ipp
ers (o
ne
en
tity p
rovid
es th
e
com
ple
te se
rvice
)
•K
ey
issue
invo
lves th
e e
xcha
ng
e o
f info
rma
tion
to fa
cilitate
17
•K
ey
issue
invo
lves th
e e
xcha
ng
e o
f info
rma
tion
to fa
cilitate
tra
nsfe
r be
twe
en
diffe
ren
t tran
spo
rt mo
de
s
Le
ga
l Ty
pe
s of C
arrie
rsL
eg
al T
yp
es o
f Ca
rriers
•P
rivate
carrie
rs
•C
om
mo
n ca
rriers
•C
on
tract ca
rriers
•C
on
tract ca
rriers
•E
xem
pt ca
rriers
18
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
Eco
no
mics
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
Eco
no
mics
�D
istan
ce
�V
olu
me
�H
an
dlin
g
�Lia
bility
con
cern
s
Da
ng
ero
us g
oo
ds
Vo
lum
e
�D
en
sity
�S
tow
ab
ility
�D
an
ge
rou
s go
od
s(h
aza
rdo
us m
ate
rials)
�M
arke
t facto
rs
19
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
20
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
DISTANCE :
21
DISTANCE
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
WEIGHT :
22
WEIGHT
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
T PER/ KG
DENSITY
WEIGHT VOLUME:
23
COST
DESINTY
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
STOWABILITY
PR
OD
UC
T D
IMEN
SIO
N
24
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
HA
ND
LIN
G :
•Fork lift
•Fork lift
•Crane
•Lift tru
ck
•Pallet tru
ck
•Tow tra
ctor
•Hand tru
ck
25
•Hand tru
ck
•Walkiepallet tru
ck
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ortL
IAB
ILIT
Y :
•Damage
•Damage
•Perishability
•Theft
•Explosion
•Combustion
•Value per w
eigth
26
•Value per w
eigth
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
27
Tra
nsp
ort
Tra
nsp
ort
28
