5. SOC 101- Social Interaction & Socialization

8/13/2019 5. SOC 101- Social Interaction & Socialization

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S o c i a l I n t e r a c t i o n

E v e n t s ( s o c i a l a c t i o n s ) i n w h i c h p e o p l e a t t a c hm e a n i n g t o a s i t u a t i o n , i n t e r p r e t w h a t o t h e r s

a r e m e a n i n g , a n d r e s p o n d a c c o r d i n g ly



S o c i a l A c t i o n s( M a x W e b e r 1 8 6 4 - 1 9 2 0 )

Action that regardsthe reactions of

other people. Whenthe potentialreaction is not

desirable, the actionis modifiedaccordingly.



Ty p e s o f S o c i a l A c t i o n

R a t i o n a l A c t i o n s :actions which are taken because

it leads to a valued goal

I n s t r u m e n t a l A c t i o n :actions which are planned andtaken after evaluating the goal in

relation to other goals

E m o t i o n a l A c t i o n s :actions which are taken due toone's emotions, to express

personal feelings

S o c i a l A c t i o n s( M a x W e b e r 1 8 6 4 - 1 9 2 0 )





S t a t u s An es tabl ished posi t ion in a socia l

s t ructure that carr ies wi th i t a degree

of pres t ige and expecta t ion




S t a t u s S e t

An a r r ay o f soc ia lpos i t ions ( fo r example

fac tory-worker,

mothe r, chu rch -goe r )found in one pe r son .


M a s t e r S t a t u s

The t e rm used todeno te the soc ia l

p o s i t i o n h o l d i n g t h eg rea t e s t deg ree o f

i m p o r t a n c e f o r s o c i a l

i den t i ty fo r thee r s o n



A s c r i b e d S t a t u s

S o c i a l s t a t u s a p e r s o ni s a s s i g n e d a t b i r t h o ra s s u m e s i n v o l u n t a r i l y

l a t e r i n l i f e . I t i s ap o s i t i o n t h a t i s

n e i t h e r e a r n e d n o rc h o s e n b u t a s s i g n e d .




A c h i e v e d S t a t u s

S o c i a l p o s i t i o n t h a t ap e r s o n a c q u i r e s o n t h eb a s i s o f m e r i t ; i t i s a

p o s i t i o n t h a t i s e a r n e do r c h o s e n . I t r e f l e c t s

p e r s o n a l s k i l l s ,a b i l i t i e s , a n d e f f o r t s




Asch Conformity ExperimentsSolomon Asch

1 9 5 1 - L i n e J u d g m e n t E x p e r i m e n t

A i m : Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to investigate the extent towhich social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform.

R e s u l t s : Asch measured the number of times each participant conformedto the majority view. On average, about one third (32%) of the participants

who were placed in this situation went along and conformed with the clearlyincorrect majority.

C o n c l u s i o n : People conform for two main reasons:•because they want to fit in with the group ( normative influence ) and•because they believe the group is better informed than they are

(informational influence )



The Milgram Experiments

1 9 6 1 - O b e d i e n c e S t u d i e s

A i m : Stanley Milgram conducted his study to determine the power ofauthority in determining the individual’s willingness to conform even whenthey know their actions to be wrong.

R e s u l t s : 65% of the participants in Milgram’s study delivered the maximum

shocks. Of the 40 participants in the study, 26 delivered the maximum shockswhile 14 stopped before reaching the highest levels.

C o n c l u s i o n : “The social psychology of this century reveals a majorlesson: often it is not so much the k ind o f pe r son a man is as the k i n d o fs i tua t ion in which he finds himself that determines how he will act. ” – Stanly

Milgram

Stanley Milgram



o c

a

I n

f l u e

n c e

Kitty Genovese Murder(1964): 29 year womanstabbed to death during athirty minute time frame;

over a dozen neighborsheard her screaming but didnothing

D i ff u s i o n o fR e s p o n s i b i l i t y

a k a – B y s t a n d e r E f f e c t

The belief that the presenceof other people in a situationmakes one less personallyresponsible for the eventsthat occur in that situation



T h r e e V a r i e t i e s o f

S o c i a l I n f l u e n c e

• C o m p l i a n c e• is when people appear to agree with

others, but actually keep their dissentingopinions private

• I d e n t i f i c a t i o n• is when people are influenced by

someone who is liked and respected,such as a famous celebrity

• I n t e r n a l i z a t i o n• is when people accept a belief or

behavior and agree both publicly andprivately

Herbert Kelman -1958



Sociology101

S o c i a l I n t e r a c t i o n & S o c i a l i z a t i o n



S o

c i

al i z

a

t i on

A cont inu ingprocess

whereby anindividual

acquire s apersonalident i ty andlearns the

norms, values ,behavi or, a ndsocia l sk i l l s

appropr ia te to

soc ia l pos i t ion .



R e s u l t s o f S o c i a l i z a t i o n • E s t a b l i s h e s s e l f - c o n c e p t s

• C r e a t e s t h e c a p a c i t y f o r r o l e - t a k i n g

• C r e a t e s t h e t e n d e n c y f o r p e o p l e t o a c t i ns o c i a l l y a c c e p t a b l e w a y s

• M a k e s p e o p l e b e a r e r s o f c u l t u r e

S o

c i

al i z

a

t i on



R e s o c i a l i z a t i on

T h e p r o c e s sb y w h i c he x i s t i n g

s o c i a l r o l e sa n d s e l f

c o n c e p t s a r er a d i c a l l y

a l t e r e d o rr e p l a c e d



T o t a lI n s t i t u t i o n s :(Goffman 1963)

• Everything happens in the sameplace and under the samesingle authority .

• All members are treated alikeand all members do the samething together .

• Daily activities are tightlyscheduled .

• All activity is superimposedupon the individual by a systemof explicit formal rules .

• A single rational plan exists to




T h e S t a n f o r d P r i s o n E x p e r i m e n tT h e S t a n f o r d P r i s o n E x p e r i m e n t ( D o c u m e n t a l )


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5. SOC 101- Social Interaction & Socialization