5. Reading Graphs

7/23/2019 5. Reading Graphs

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READING GRAPHS

1. Menerangkan axis (poros) dan line (garis)Graph on Sales

10 er!i"al axis

# Do!!ed line

1 $ine

0% 0& 0'

Horion!al axisSekarang perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini,• -he vertical axis represents !he n*er o/ sales

• -he horizontal axis represents !he ear

• -he line shows !he sales o/ P

• -he dotted line shows !he sales o/ lap!op "op!er.2. Menerangkan !i!ik pada angka !er!en!

10S!and a!

#

1 s!a a!0% 0& 0'

Perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini.a. The sales stood at 5 in 2007b. The sales stayed at 10 in 2009.

3. Menerangkan garis gra4k naik

10 in"rease

# go prise

1

0% 0& 0'Perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini.a. -he sales went up s!eadil las! ear*. -he sales increased s!eadil las! ear". -he sales rose s!eadil las! ear

5. Menerangkan garis gra4k enrn.

10 de"line de"rease

# /all go do+n

1 drop0% 0& 0'

Perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini.a. -he sales went down s!eadil sin"e 200&*. -he sales fell s!eadil sin"e 200&". -he sales decreased s!eadil sin"e 200&d. -he sales dropped s!eadil sin"e 200&

#. Menerangkan gra4k !e!ap a!a s!a*il.

10 reain s!a*leS!a !he sae

# leel o!s!a*ilie

1 rea"h a pla!ea0% 0& 0'

Perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini.

1



a. -he sales have remained stable sin"e 200&*. -he sales have stayed the same sin"e 200&". -he sales have leveled out sin"e 200&d. -he sales have reached a pla!ea sin"e 200&

6. Menerangkan !i!ik gra4k !er!inggi dan !erendah.

10 peak7high poin!

#

1 a !hrogh7lo+ poin!0% 0& 0' 00 01

Perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! di*a+ah ini.a. -he sales peaed in 2000*. -he sales reached a hi!h point i! 2000". -he sales reached a throu!h in 200'd. -he sales reached a low point in 200'

%. Menggnakan ka!a ke!erangan *er*eda n!k enerangkan !ren gra4k

ang *er*eda.draa!i"all signi4"an!l s!eadil gradall

slo+l sligh!l

0% 0& 0' 00 01Sekarang perha!ikan ariasi penggnaan ka!a si/a! 8 noina dan ka!a

ker9a 8 ka!a ke!erangan *erik! ini ,1. A sligh! in"rease : in"rease sligh!l

2. A signi4"an! drop : drop signi4"an!l3. A slo+ de"line : de"line slo+l5. A draa!i" rise : rise draa!i"all#. A s!ead /all : /all s!eadil

$a!ihan 1Perha!ikan "on!oh presen!asi *erik! ini dengan enggnakan gra4k. -gas

anda adalah enggaris*a+ahi sea ka!a ker9a ang engga*arkan

per*ahan gra4k.

$ap!op sales.

2&

026

025

022

020

01&

2



016

015

012

010

0

1 2 3 5 # 6 % &' 10 11 12

Mon!h

$adies and gen!lean; no+ look a! !he graph. I! sho+s or lap!op sales las!

ear. <o "an see !ha! /ro =anar !o April sales in"reased gradall /ro 12# !o

1%#. A/!er Mar"h; sales rose s!eadil !p 210 p !o =ne. >! sprisingl /ro =ne !o

Ags!; sales leeled o!. I! is de !o !he /a"! !ha! an s!den!s +ere *s +i!h

poin! in ?"!o*er; +hi"h +as !he lo+es!@ onl 11#. ?r *es! on!h +as Noe*er

+hen sales peaked a! 2%0. And i! de"reased !o 2#0 in De"e*er; /ro !his graph;

+e "an dra+ a "on"lsion !ha! !he sales +ere i!e good las! ear. Be hope +e "ando *e!!er !his ear. -ha!Cs !he end o/ presen!a!ion. An es!ions

PENGGUNAAN PREPOSISI DALAM MENERANGKAN GRAFIK.

Preposisi ang sering dipakai n!k enerangkan gra4k adalah to, at, by,

of. Sekarang perha!ikan "on!oh kalia! *erik! ini.

=an April Ag De"

0

10

20

30

50

#0

60

1. -he sales rose to 3# /ro in April2. -he 4gre /ell to 20 in De"e*er3. -he sales dropped by 30 /ro Ags! to De"e*er. (selisih an!ara angka

a+al dan angka sesdahna)

5. -here +as a sales in"rease of 1# /ro =anar to April#. -he sales s!ood at 3# in April6. -he sales s!aed at 30 in De"e*er

Perha!ikan per*edaan penggnaan preposisi !o pada kalia! no.2 dan * padakalia! no.3 dia!as. Sekarang perha!ikan ills!rasi gra4k di*a+ah ini.

3



Sales.

#

05

03

02

01

01 2 3 5 #

Mon!h

Pada *lan april; angka *erada pada posisi #0 kedian *ergerak enrn dan

en"apai angka 50 pada *lan Mei. n!k enn9k angka 50; ki!a

enggnakan preposisi !o; sedangkan n!k enn9kkan selisih angka akni

10 (#0F50) aka ki!a enggnakan preposisi *.

• -he 4gre de"reased !o 50 in Ma. (Angka pada *lan Mei)

• -he 4gre de"reased * 10. (Selisih angka *lan April dan Mei•

$a!ihan 2.$engkapi kalia! *erik! ini dengan preposisi a!; *; !o; a!a o/.

1. -he n*er o/ in/e"!ed s!den!s s!ood..#0 in 200%2. -here +as a de"rease.10 in !he or!ali! ra!e in $o*ok.3. -he n*er o/ s!den!s in or niersi! in"reased100 in 200&@

/ro 3#0 in 200% !o 5#0 in 200&.5. -he da!a sho+s an in"rease.20 in !he n*er o/ 9nior high s"hool

grada!es +ho "on!ine !o o"a!ional s"hool in !he las! 2 ears.#. -he n*er o/ /oreign s!den!s de"reased.2# in 200&. In 200% +e

had 60; *! in 200% +e onl had 2#.6. -he neploen! ra!e s!ood.12 in 200'.%. -he n*er o/ p*lished *ooks /ell.20 a/!er !he "risis.&. In 200& +e had 3#0 s!den!s and in 200' +e onl had 300. I! eans !ha! !he

n*er o/ s!den!s dropped.#0 /ro 200& !o 200'.'. -he da!a sho+s a de"rease.10 "oal prod"!ion in 200'.10.-he ina!ion ra!e s!aed1;# in 200'.

UNGKAPAN PENTING YANG PERLU ANDA PAHAMI.1. Ungkapan n!k eperkenalkan gra4k a!a slide.

• -his graph sho+s (Gra4k ini enn9kkan.)

• Jro !his graph o "an see.. (Dari gra4k ini; anda *isaeliha!..)

• As o "an see /ro !he "har! (Se*agaiana anda *isaliha!..)

• -ake a look a! !his graph and oCll see. (Silahkan liha! gra4k ini dananda *isa eliha!..)

• Eerone please hae a look a! !his graph (Silahkan eliha! gra4kini)

• A""ording !o !he graph !he n*er is (>erdasarkan gra4k ini; 9lahna adalah)

• Righ! here; o "an see !he graph +hi"h sho+s (Disini; anda *isaeliha! gra4k ang enn9kkan..)

• -he poin! I a presen!ing is ills!ra!ed in !his graph (poin ang saapaparkan diga*arkan dala gra4k ini)

• -he line in !his graph indi"a!es !he n*er o/.. (Garis didala gra4kini enn9kkan 9lah)

2. ngkapan n!k eperkenalkan gra4k *ar• Here is !he nex! graph. I! sho+s. (Sekarang ki!a liha! gra4k

*erik!na. Gra4k ini enn9kkan.)

• $e!Cs look ano!her graph +hi"h is on !he /ollo+ing slide (Mari sekarangki!a liha! gra4k *erik!na ang ada di slide *erik!na)

• -he nex! graph +ill sho+ o.. (Gra4k *erik!na akaneperliha!kan kepada anda)

5



• <o +ill nders!and explana!ion *e!!er /ro !he nex! graph. $e!Cs!ake a look. (Anda akan *isa eahai presen!asi saa denganle*ih dari gra4k *erik!na. Mari ki!a liha!..)

3. ngkapan n!k e*eri koen!ar pada gra4k.• I!Cs good !o no!e here !ha!.. (>aik n!k e*eri "a!a!an disini

*ah+a)•

I!Cs in!eres!ing !o see !ha! (Sanga!lah enarik n!k eliha!*ah+a..)

• I!Cs good !o realie !ha!. (Sanga!lah *aik n!k enadari *ah+a.)

• -he good !hing a*o! !he graph is !ha!. (Hal ang *aik dari gra4k iniadalah *ah+a.)

• -he +orring !hing a*o! !his graph is !ha!. (Hal ang en"easkandari gra4k ini adalah *ah+a..)

-he *ar graph *elo+ sho+s Eropean "rde s!eel prod"!ion in 1'%2 and 1'&1.Read !he !ex! o/ a presen!a!ion a*o! !his graph and no!i"e !he se o/ signals.

0

#10

1#

20

2#

30

3#

50

5#

#0

1'&1 1'%2

Good orning; ladies and gen!leen. -oda; IC going !o !alk a*o! iron and s!eelprod"!ion in Erope /ro 1'%2 !o 1'&1. (In!rod"es presen!a!ion).

Jirs! o/ all; le!Cs look a! a "on!r +hose s!eel inds!r has "hanged a lo! in re"en!ears; !he K. (Re/ers !o K)

As o "an see /ro !he *ar graph; !he KCs s!eel prod"!ion s!ood a! 2#.3 illion!onnes in 1'%2. In 1'&1 !his 4gre +as 1#.3 illion !onnes; a diLeren"e o/ roghl10 illion !onnes.(Re/ers !o isal)

No+; i/ +e re!rn !o ano!her large s!eel prod"er; Jran"e; +e "an see !ha! !hes!a!ion is diLeren!. Jren"h "rde s!eel prod"!ion in 1'%2 s!ood a! 9s! oer 25illion !onnes; and !he 4gre /or 1'&1 +as onl approxia!el 3 illion !onneslo+er.(hanges !opi" !o Jran"e)

Jinall; le!Cs look a! I!al; one o/ !he "on!ries in +hi"h prod"!ion has risen. In1'&1; i!s s!eel prod"!ion +as 25.& illion !onnes; in "on!ras! !o 1'.& illion !onnesin 1'%2.(hanges !opi" !o i!al)

In "on"lsion; +e "an o*sere a general /all in prod"!ion; al!hogh !his is no! !rein I!al.(Jinishes)

#



Approxia!ions are par!i"larl se/l +hen des"ri*ing graphs +hi"h are no!designed !o gie exa"! in/ora!ion *! ra!her !o sho+ an oerall pi"!re.$ook a! !he graph o/ !he SA and EE neploen! leels and read and lis!en !o!he approxia!ions in !he "oen!s 1 !o & +hi"h /ollo+.

USA and EEC unemplomen! le"els.illions

1

0

USA men and

#oman

' USA men and

#oman

&%6 EEC MEN

# USA MEN

5321

1'%2 1'%3 1'%5 1'%# 1'%6 1'%% 1'%& 1'%' 1'&01'&1

1. In 1'%3!he n*er o/ regis!ered neploen! in !he SA +as nearl /or

and a hal/ illion.2. -his 4gre +as 9s! nder eigh! illion in 1'%#3. In 1'%' i! +as approxia!el six and a ar!er illion.5. In 1'%& !he 4gre /or !he Eropean E"onoi" oni! s!ood a! 9s! oer

six illion.#. -he /ollo+ing ear i! +asFlike !he sa 4greF"oing p !o six and a ar!er

illion.6. >o!h 4gres +ere a! !he sae leel in idF1'&0; roghl eigh! illion%. A! !he end o/ !ha! ear !he EE 4gre +as ore or less nine illion and !he

SA 4gre +as ge!!ing on /or eigh! and a hal/ illion.&. -his ade neploen! 4gres /or !he EE +ell oer !hose o/ !he SA *

1'&1.

$ook a! !he graph again and lis!en !o !he "oen!ar on neploen! aong

en in !he EE. ople!e !he "oen!ar.

-he neplen! si!a!ion /or en in !he EE gre+ s!eadil +orse /ro 1'%5 !o

1'&1.

In 1'%5 !he n*er o/ neploed en s!ood a! !+o illion; *! +en! p !o !hree

illion !he nex! ear and

illion in 1'%6. > 1'%% i! +as

/or

illion and !his didnC! "hange "h /ro 1'%% !o 1'%' i! s!aed

a*o! !he sae. > !he *eginning o/ 1'&0 !he 4gre s!ood a!

illion.

-hen i! +en! p !o illiion *!he *eginning o/ 1'&1.

$ook a! !he graph /or SA en and and prepare a shor! des"rip!ion o/ !his "resing !he /ollo+ing approxia!ions, approxia!el 9s! oer roghl +ell oer.

6



$is!en !o !he "asse!!e and /ollo+ !he !ex!.Ra!es and ra!ions are sall spoken or +ri!!en as /ollo+s,

-he Ne!herlands has a popla!ion densi! o/ 356 inha*i!an!s per sare kiloe!re;+hile !ha! o/ S+eden is onl 20 per sare kiloe!re.Here is ano!her exaple.In 1'&1 neploen! in >ri!ain s!ood a! !en per"en!@ one +orker in !en +asneploed.

-his ra!io is o/!en +ri!!en as 1,10rren"ies, spoken "rren"ies "oe a/!er !he 4gre; /or exaple /or ponds 4/!eenor /or ponds 4/!een pen"e (O5.1#0; a dollar !+en!F4e (1.2#); !+n!F!+o arks

(DM 22).

No!e !he /ollo+ing lis! o/ a**reia!ions o/ arios "oonl sed ra!es and ra!ios.2,3 , 2 !o 3%0 kph , %0 kiloe!res per hor100 ph , 100 iles per hor#0 kg7s " , #0 kilograes per sare "en!ie!re&0 rp , &0 res per in!e5# +p , 5# +ords per in!e1# pa , 1# per ann (per ear)10 k+ , 10 kilo+a!!s

$is!en !o !he des"rip!ion o/ a ne+ ele"!ri" o!or and 4ll in !he de!ails *elo+.RA-E ?J M?-?RP?BER ?NSMP-I?NEJJIIEN< RA-EPRIEANNA$ DEPREIA-I?NHIRE HARGE

$is!en !o !he "asse!!e +here o +ill hear a shor! presen!a!ion a*o! EE; SA; and =apanese s!eel prod"!ion. As o lis!en; +ri!e do+n !he signals +hi"h are sed !o,

1. In!rod"e !he presen!a!ion2. Re/er !o !he graph3. hange !he !opi" !o =apanEEC$ USA$ and %apan s!eel p&odu'!(on (n m(ll(on !onnes )*+, and )*-).

EE SA =APAN

0

20

50

60

&0

100

120

150

160

1'&1 1'%2

"1# $%d lie to tal about the comparative &!ures for steel production in the ''()*+, and -apan the years 1972 and 191.

"2# ,s you can see from the !raph) production fell in the ''( and the +tates) butrose in -apan durin! this period. The fall in 'urope was from /ust under 10 to125 million tonnes) and in the *+, from 12 million tonnes to /ust over 110.

"# $f we loo at the &!ures for -apan) the rise is considerablefrom 97 milliontonnes to /ust over 110.

<o hae 9s! looked a! soe signals "oonl heard in presen!a!ions. $ook a! !he/ollo+ing signals and +ri!e !he nder !he "orre"! headings.

a. Jinall.*. A/!er !ha!

%



". As o "an see /ro !he graphd. No+; !rning !oe. No+; le!Cs look a!/. So; !o "on"ldeg. IC going !o !alk a*o!h. Jirs!i. -he ai o/ !his presen!a!ion is !o

9. Bha! ICd like !o !alk a*o !hisk. In "on"lsion; +e "an sal. -he nex!

. -he graph sho+s

A. CHARTSA chart CAN BE EITHER A TABLE OR A GRAPH. Charts are found in most pinted

materias

Top ten Companies in Total Sales

Company Sales (in billions)

San!"u# Inc $%#&'(

E)ecuti*e +et $,#-(

interCon $,#-((

Contineta# Ltd $,#/&(

Hospita Supp" $,#/0(

Tisa! Leasin1 $,#/((

Le2er Ban! $,#%(

Euro data $,#%(

Inter Access $,#%%(

Tee3ide $,#%((

Polling Merek AdioFQideo ar

(Khssna n!k head se!)

Merek Presen!asePioneer 22;31Alpine 15;&&

=Q 15;0#

larion 13;22Ken+ood 11;#%Son &;26Panasoni" 5;'6?rix 5;13$ainna 6;61

Per*andingan pen9alan o!or -ahn 200# dan 2006 (=anariFMare!)

Prodsen -o!al (ni!)

200# 2006Honda 61&.035 531.06% F30;2#Kanen 5.15& 5.1&# 0;&'Ka+asaki 1'.50# 11.611 F50;16K""o #.#'5 1.#3' F%2;5'Piaggio 321 1#3 F#2;35Ski 263.0&# 105.&63 F60;15

<aaha 25#.''% 32%.%&3 33;2# -o!al 1.1#6.#&5 &&1.201 F23;&1

Pasar Kendaraan ini l!igna pada 2006

(=anariFMare!)

&



Merek -o!al (ni!)Honda =a #.600

-oo!a <aris 3.5'3Ski S+i/! 3&3Hndai Ge! 15'Kia Pride ''herole! Aeo #2Pegeo! 206 1&QB Polo 3

-o!al Mini MPQ '.%'%

Kal*e di an!ara -?P 10 Ra9a Jarasi Asia -enggara

No Persahaan ?se! 2000

(S 9!a)

?se! 200#

(S 9!a)

Per!*ha

n1 P4er 20&;' 36%;3 12;002 GlaxoSi!hKline 206;2 2&';5 %;003 Kal*e Jara '';0 26%;2 22;00

5 ni!ed $a*s 163;6 261;' ';'0# Sano4FAen!is 135;2 23#;' 11;'06 Noar!is '#;1 1%%;& 13;30% As!raane"a '2;% 1%#;& 13.%0& Dexa Medi"a 35;1 1#2;3 35;'0' San*e Jara 53;1 1#1;' 2&;6010 Ro"her &3;1 151;' 11;30

B. TABLESA ta2e is a compiation of data that is usefu for 4uic! comparison. Ta2es coud 2e in most

an" su25ect.

WORLD TEMPERATURES

JANUARY !i

C"#

Lo

C"#

Weat$e%

Amsterdam 67-, /7/0 C

Athens ,/7 &7-6 Sh

Ban1!o! /%7'( %07&( Sh

Bei5in1 ,%7/ ,7/- Pc

Brusses -7/' ,7/- Sh

Budapest /7/0 (7/% R

8ran!furt /7/0 ,7/- R +a!arta %'7&- %-70 Sh

9uaa Lumpur /,7&& %-70 T

:adrid '7-& ,7/- Sh

:ania //7', %,70( Pc

Seou '7-& ;%7%' S

Taipei %,70( ,-70 C

To!"o '7-& ;%7%' Pc

W eather: C-cloudy;S-sunny; Pc-partly-cloudy; Sh-showers; T-thunderstorms; R-rain

C. IN<E=ESAn inde) is a compiation of information that peope can use to find additiona information.

A teephone 2oo! is an e)ampe of an inde).

Compan" Inde)This inde) ists 2usinesses mentioned in this issue of Go2a Econom"

Acme Po>er and Li1ht --

Aied Stee /

Best Iron Ore Supp" 6

Canadian Rai Ser*ice &/Chemica Times ,

'



Consumer?s Eectric -,

8ord Gas -

Heath# Inc ,%

Internationa Oi ,6

Li2ert" 8unds -6

Net>or! Tra*e %

Pride Hotes 06

TNT Airs /-

10

Documents

5. Reading Graphs