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Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /2
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The word is divided in two parts to make it understandable:
AL KYD (Norwegian) AL CID (English)
AL is coming from alcohol, CID or “KYD” From the English word acid.
Alkyd is made from alcohol + acid + oil
AlkydAlkyd
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /3
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• Good application properties
• 1-component
• Good weather durability
• Good wetting properties
• Good recoatability
• Good levelling properties
• Good gloss retention
• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC.
• Poor chemical resistance (especially against alkaline)
• Limited water resistance (submerged)
• Limited solvent resistance
• Limited film thickness per coat
• Poor adhesion to CR
• Never to be used on Zinc
Alkyd PaintsAlkyd Paints
PropertiesProperties
Advantages
Limitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /4
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• Good application properties
• 1-component
• Good weather durability
• Good wetting properties
• Good recoatability
• Good levelling properties
• Good gloss retention
• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC.
Alkyd PaintsAlkyd Paints
AdvantagesAdvantages
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /5
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• Poor chemical resistance (especially against alkaline)
• Limited water resistance (submerged)
• Limited solvent resistance
• Limited film thickness per coat
• Poor adhesion to CR
• Never to be used on Zinc (Saponification)
Alkyd PaintsAlkyd Paints
LimitationsLimitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /6
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• Ships
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• All exterior and interior objects
• Only above water
• St 2 to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Alkyd paintAlkyd paint
Where to useWhere to use
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /7
? Alkyd paintAlkyd paint
ExperienceExperience
• Blistering and flaking on Zinc.
• May give flaking on CR
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /8
? Alkyd paintAlkyd paint
Typical SystemTypical System
Cromoprimer 1 x 40 microns
Pilot I 1 x 40 microns
Pilot II 1 x 40 microns
Total 120 microns
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /9
? Modified Alkyd paintModified Alkyd paint
• Styrene alkyds - Quicker drying
• Silicone alkyds - better gloss retention
• Urethane alkyds - Quicker drying, better water and chemical resistance. Can be applied in thicker coats (60-100 microns DFT)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /10
? Modified Alkyd PaintModified Alkyd Paint
Typical Pre-treatment and SystemTypical Pre-treatment and System
Pre-treatment :
St 2 - Sa 2,5
System :
Mammut Primer 1 x 80 microns
Mammut Top coat : 1 x 80 microns
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /11
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Urethane Alkyd:Mammut PrimerMammut TopcoatRoyal White
Alkyd based products Alkyd based products from JOTUNfrom JOTUN
Alkyd:Alkyd primerAluflex Conseal PrimerCromoprimerDeckpaint Pilot I and IIEngine EnamelUltra Topcoat
Silicone Alkyd:CorrexUltra Topcoat White
Styrene Alkyd:Quick Step
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /13
?Glass-flake Reinforced PolyesterGlass-flake Reinforced Polyester
• For protection of steel and, in certain cases, Aluminium and concrete.
• The glass-flakes are 3-5 microns thick and 400 microns across.
• Potlife : Approximately 45 minutes.
• Curing time: Approximately 3 hours.
• Thickness 600 - 1500 microns per coat.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /14
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• Hardness and wear resistance
- Few mechanical damages
- Low maintenance costs
- Long maintenance intervals
- Very good chemical resistance
• Perfect adhesion to steel
No undercutting
Excellent corrosion protection
• Very fast curing
Can be used after few hours
Gives short docking time
“Trouble shooter”
• One coat system
1500 microns dry film
• Solvent free
Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester
AdvantagesAdvantages
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /15
? Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester
LimitationsLimitations
• Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes).
• Limited storage stability
(approximately 6 months at 23 oC).
• Film surface not entirely smooth
• Temperature limitations
Can be used from 10 oC to approximately 40 oC.
• Unfavourable working conditions because of the styrene content.
• Overcoating (with Baltoflake)
min. 2 hours and max.12 hours.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /16
? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester
System specificationSystem specification
• Normal exposure: 1 x 750 microns
• Tough exposure: 1 x 1000 microns
• Extra tough exposure: 2 x 750 microns
On blast cleaned steel Sa 2 ½Surface roughness 50 - 100 microns.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /17
? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester
PropertiesProperties
Advantages• Quick curing
• Variable curing time
• Application with airless
• Excellent mechanical strength
• Glass-flakes reduce shrinkage, increases mechanical strength and water resistance.
• Very good chemical resistance
Limitations• Temperature dependent
• Short potlife
• Recoating interval
2 - 12 hours
• Bad curing may be experienced on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /18
? Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free) Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free)
PropertiesProperties Advantages• Styrene free
• Dry to handle in 2 hours
• Cures down to 5 ºC
(2-component pump)
• Excellent mechanical strength
• Very good adhesion
• Very good water resistance.
• Very good chemical resistance
Limitations• Temperature dependent
(Cures down to 10 ºC by
normal airless spray)
• Short potlife
• Recoating interval
1 hour to 2 weeks (23 ºC )
• Require Sa 2 ½ and a roughness of 50-100 microns
• Bad curing may be experienced on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /19
? Glass Flake Filled Polyester Glass Flake Filled Polyester CoatingsCoatings
Baltoflake, Styrene containing
• Norpol Catalyst No.1– excellent steel protection
– excellent corrosion protection
– excellent water resistance
– compatible with Cathodic Protection
– excellent resistance to acids
– good resistance to many solvents
– superior abrasion resistant
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /20
? Jotun’sJotun’sGlass-flake Reinforced ProductsGlass-flake Reinforced Products
• Baltoflake
• Baltoflake Ecolife (Styrene free)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /21
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0
20
80Hardness. Shore D units
Baltoflake Solvent free epoxy for concrete
Solvent less epoxy for steel Thixotropisk solvent free epoxy
0 2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50
Hours
60
40
Curing of two pack coatings at 23Curing of two pack coatings at 23ooC C
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /23
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Advantages• Physically drying
• Not temperature dependent
• Easy to recoat
• One component
• Very good water resistance
• Relatively good chemical resistance
Limitations• Poor solvent resistance
• Low solid content
• Relatively poor wetting properties
• Thermoplastic
• Dry heat resistant up to approx. 70 °C
Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
Properties Properties
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /24
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•ALKYD Hardness, gloss retention,solid content
•ACRYL Light tolerance, gloss retention
Properties improved through modification with:
Modification of Chlorinated RubberModification of Chlorinated Rubber
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /25
? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
ChemistryChemistry
Chlorinated Rubber:
Manufactured through chlorination of natural or synthetic rubber.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /26
? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
Key DataKey Data
• Used for all positions on ship and in industry
• Require blast-cleaned steel or intact shop primer
• Low volume solid content
• Not temperature dependent during application
• Good water and chemical resistance
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /27
? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
Where to useWhere to use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• Below and above water
• All external surfaces
• Blast-cleaned to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /28
? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Physically drying
• 1-pack
• Not dependent on temperature
• Easy to recoat
• Chemical resistant
• Water resistant
• Good corrosion protection
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /29
? Chlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
LimitationsLimitations
• Poor resistance to solvents
• Low solids by volume (35 - 40%)
• Relatively poor penetrating properties
• Require good pre-treatment (Sa 2 ½)
• Thermoplastic
• Dry heat resistance up to approx. 70 °C
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /30
? Chlorinated RubberChlorinated Rubber
ExperienceExperience
• Resoluble: Good intercoat adhesion
• Do not apply CR primers above 70 - 80 µm DFT. May have entrapped air in the film.
• No temperature limitation during application, but keep the paint warm at low temperatures.
• Decompose to release Chlorine at service temperatures above 70 °C
• Alkyd on top of CR may have poor adhesion
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /31
? Chlorinated RubberChlorinated Rubber
Typical Pre-treatment and SystemTypical Pre-treatment and System
Pre-treatment: Sa 2 ½
Primer: 3 x 75 microns
Topcoat: 1 x 40 microns
Total DFT: 265 microns
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /32
? JOTUN’sJOTUN’sChlorinated Rubber PaintsChlorinated Rubber Paints
• Pioner Primer
• Pioner Topcoat
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /34
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• Correct mixing ratio
• Good mixing
• Potlife
• Induction time
• Correct pre-treatment
• Correct film thickness
• Adequate ventilation
• Temperature dependent curing
• Avoid high humidity
• Minimum and maximum curing times
• Time for fully cured
• Use epoxy thinner
• Health and epoxy
Experience Experience When Using Epoxy PaintsWhen Using Epoxy Paints
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /35
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O2 H2O Salter
Barrikade med maling (min. 200 my)
STÅL
O2 H 2O Salt
STEEL
Acts mainly as a barrier.No active pigments
Epoxy PaintsEpoxy Paints Corrosion ProtectionCorrosion Protection
PaintBarrier
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /36
? Epoxy Paints in GeneralEpoxy Paints in General
Heating EquipmentHeating Equipment
Do not use Propane or Paraffin oil
• They produce Water and Carbon dioxide
• This may give Amine swetting and formation of Amine Carbamate (Blooming)
The consequence will be poor adhesion for
the subsequent coat
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /37
? Epoxy Paints in GeneralEpoxy Paints in GeneralSide-reactionsSide-reactions
Result:
• Sweating
• Uncured Epoxy
• Tacky film
• White stains
Amines may react with present Water and Carbon dioxide to give Carbamate:
R-NH2 + H2 O + CO2 Amine Carbamate
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /38
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Polyamides: Normal epoxy paints
Amine and amine adduct: Solvent free coatings
Tankcoating
Isocyanates: Low temperature curing
Reaction with -OH
Curing agents for Epoxy PaintsCuring agents for Epoxy Paints
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /39
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Temperature, ºC
Curing time, days
0
10
20
30
40
2 4 7 14 28
Epoxy PaintsEpoxy Paints
Curing DiagramCuring Diagram
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /41
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Advantages
• Chemical curing • Very good chemical resistance• High alkali resistance• Moderate resistance to acids • Good adhesion • Very low permeability • High mechanical strength• Dry heat resistant up to 120 °
Limitations
• Chalking • Temp. dependent • 2 - component• Requires blast cleaning• Overcoating time
Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints
PropertiesProperties
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /42
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• High water resistance
• Good chemical resistance • High alkali resistance
• Moderate acid resistance
• High mechanical strength
• High durability
Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints
Beneficial PropertiesBeneficial Properties
• Very low permeability
• Very good adhesion • Dry temperature resistant up to 120 ºC
• Corrosion protection
• Potable water tanks
• Easy to clean
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /43
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• Require blast-cleaning to Sa 2 ½• Chalking when exposed to sunlight • Temperature dependent during application (min. 10 ºC)• Two-component • Overcoating time• Health risk: Epoxy eczema or allergy
Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints
LimitationsLimitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /44
? Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy Paints
Typical SystemTypical System
Pre-treatment: Sa 2 ½ or intact Shopprimer
1) Penguard HB 2 x 100micron
Penguard Topcoat 1 x 50micron
Total DFT 250 micron
2) Penguard Primer 1 x 50micron
Penguard HB 1 x 100micron
Penguard Topcoat 1 x 50 micron
Total DFT 200 microns
For better gloss retention: Use Hardtop AS
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /45
? Pure Epoxy PaintsPure Epoxy PaintsWhere to UseWhere to Use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• Chemical cargo tanks
• Blast-cleaned to Sa 2½ or shopprimed steel
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /46
? Jotun’s Jotun’s Pure Epoxy ProductsPure Epoxy Products
• Epoxy Holdingprimer
• Penguard Clear Varnish
• Penguard HB
• Penguard HB WG
• Penguard Primer
• Penguard Special
Topcoats
• Penguard Topcoat
• Tankguard HB
• Tankguard Special Topcoat
Epoxy glass-flake
• Marathon
• Marathon IQGF
• Penguard Stayer
• Penguard Tiecoat
• Naviguard (Solvent free)
•Tankguard HB
• Tankguard Special
• Jotaspeed Mio
• Jotaspeed ZP
Primers and midcoats
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /48
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Advantages:
• Chemically curing • More flexible
• Excellent water resistance
• Better wetting properties
• Dry heat resistant up to 90 °C
Limitations:• Dark colour • Temp. dependent • 2-component
• Recoating interval
• Bleeding when recoated
• Coal Tar is carcinogenic
Epoxy Coal TarEpoxy Coal Tar
PropertiesProperties
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /49
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• Reduced chemical and solvent resistance
• Reduced dry heat resistance
• Increased water resistance
• Better wetting properties
Used for:
Submerged areas, cargo holds
and ballast tanks
Epoxy Coal Tar versus Pure EpoxyEpoxy Coal Tar versus Pure Epoxy
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /50
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Jotaguard 85
Jotaguard Special
Navitar AS (Solvent free)
Safeguard
Coal Tar Epoxy 82
Jotun’s Jotun’s Coal Tar Epoxy PaintsCoal Tar Epoxy Paints
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /52
? Epoxy MasticEpoxy MasticKey DataKey Data
• Recommended use: Universally
• Very good penetrating properties
• High build; Can be applied in thick coats
• High solids by volume content
• Temperature dependent (WG: -5°C)
• Topcoat is recommended for outdoor exposures.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /53
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
• Pre-treatment St2 - Sa 2½, Water jetting, Magnesium stripping or existing paint system.
• Dry film thickness: 150 - 300 µm/coat.
• Volume solid: 75 - 87 %.
• Environmentally friendly.–Reduced solvent content.
–No Isocyanate.
–No tar.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /54
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Advantages
• Chemically curing • Surface tolerant • Light colours• Very good water resistance • Very good wetting properties • Good chemical resistance• High solid content• High build (Thick coats) • Winter curing agent• Dry heat resistant up to 90 ° C
Limitations
Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
PropertiesProperties
• Chalking• Temperature dependent• Not to be applied on thick coats of physically curing paints• Minimum DFT 150 m by airless spray
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /55
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
Important PropertiesImportant Properties1. Extended service life.
2. Penetration
3. Adhesion Surface tolerant
4. Elastic
5. Very low permeability
6. Volume solids (high)
7. High film thickness (curing)
8. Easy to apply
9. Suitable as a primer (easy to overcoat)
10. Good flow properties at specified WFT
11. No dissolving of old paint
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /56
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints General Characteristics General Characteristics
• Surface tolerant.
• High solids.
• High build.
• Reduced application time (less cost).
• Environmentally friendly.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /57
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints AdvantagesAdvantages
• Surface tolerant (St 2, Sa 2 ½, Water jetting, exist. paint).
• Very good wetting properties.
• Chemically curing.
• Very good water resistance.
• Good chemical resistance.
• High solid content (87 - 70 %).
• High build: Can be applied to thick coats (150 - 300 µm).
• Winter curing agent available (-5ºC).
• Environmentally friendly
• No Isocyanate, no tar, less solvents.
• Dry heat resistant up to 90 °C
• Can be applied on top of most other paints
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /58
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
LimitationsLimitations
• Chalking. Not UV - resistant
• Temperature dependent for curing
• Do not apply it on thick layers of physically drying paints
• Minimum DFT 150 microns by airless spray
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /59
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
Where to useWhere to use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• Ballast tanks and Cargo tanks
• All exterior and interior surfaces, above and below water
• St 2 to Sa 2½ or Water jetted, Magnesium stripped or shopprimed steel
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /60
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
High volume Solids: 70 % - 87 %High volume Solids: 70 % - 87 %
• Economical to use
• Reduced/eliminated compatibility risks
• More environmentally friendly
• Elimination of sandwich coats
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Vol. % solids
Vinyl CR Alkyd Poly- Epoxy Jotamastic urethane 87
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /61
? Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87
• Pre-treatment:
St 2 - Sa 2 ½ , existing paint system, Water jetting.
• Dry film thickness:
150 - 300 µm
• Volume solid:
Wintergrade Jotamastic 87 : 70 %
Jotamastic 87 (Alu.) : 87 %
• Application:
Brush, Roller or Airless Spray
• Environmentally friendly:
High volume solid - less solvents.
No tar or isocyanates.
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /62
? Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87
Pre-treatmentPre-treatment
• Wirebrushing St 2 and St3
• Blast-cleaning Sa1 - Sa 2 ½
• Water Jetted surfaces.
• Magnesium descaled surfaces
• Existing, old paint, except thick physically drying paints.
Jotamastic 87 gives very good corrosion protection of steel on following substrates:
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /63
? Jotamastic 87Jotamastic 87
CURINGCURING
• Jotamastic 87 Down to + 10 °C
• WG Jotamastic 87 Down to - 5 °C
(Recommended from +15 to -5°C)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /64
? Jotun’s Jotun’s Epoxy Mastic PaintsEpoxy Mastic Paints
Balloxy HB Light Also as Winter Grade version
Balloxy NB Light Also as Winter Grade version
Jotamastic 87 Also as Winter Grade version
Jotamastic 87 Aluminium Also as Winter Grade version
Jotamastic 87 GF Also as Winter Grade version
Primastic Also as Winter Grade version
Primastic Universal Also as Winter Grade version
Polymastic 100
Polyguard SS
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /66
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Advantages
Limitations
• Low solid content • Poor resistance against Strong solvents• Dry heat resistant up to approximately 80 ºC
Used for:
Vinyl paintsVinyl paints
PropertiesProperties
• Physically drying • High chemical resistance• Good water resistance• Quick drying• Not temperature dependent• One-component
Exterior objects above water Offshore on top of Zinc-ethylsilicate
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /67
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Advantages• Higher content of solids
• Higher water resistance
• Better wetting properties
• Cost advantages
Disadvantages• Bleeding
• Dark colours
• Tar on cancer list
Used for: Under water areas
Vinyl Tar - Modified typeVinyl Tar - Modified type
PropertiesProperties
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /68
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ProductVinyproof PrimerVinyproof HBVernyl Topcoat
Vinyguard BlackVinyguard Brown
Vinyguard Silvergrey 88
TypeVinyl Tie-coatVinylVinyl-Acrylic
Vinyl/TarVinyl/Tar
Al.pigmented Modified vinyl
Area of use Above waterlineShips and Chemical industry
Below waterline onships-offshoreconstructions etc.
Below waterlineprimer/sealer
Jotun’s Jotun’s Vinyl Based PaintsVinyl Based Paints
(Redtoned)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /70
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• Very good weather resistance
• Excellent gloss durability
• Very good chemical resistance
• Very good solvent resistance
• Cures down to 0 °C
• 2-pack
• May cause skin irritation
• Overcoating time
Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints
PropertiesProperties
Advantages Limitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /71
? Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints
Where to useWhere to use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• All exterior substrates above water (Also internal at times)
• On top of Epoxy, Epoxy Mastic and Polyester coatings
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /72
? Jotun’s Jotun’s Polyurethane PaintsPolyurethane Paints
Hardtop AS (High gloss)
Hardtop HB (Semi gloss)
Futura AS (High gloss)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /73
? UV - LightUV - Light
Gloss Retention for Various PaintsGloss Retention for Various Paints
0102030405060708090
100
400 800 1200 1600 2200
Weatherguard
Polyurethane
Epoxy
Alkyd
Gloss
Hours accelerated testing
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /75
? Zinc EpoxyZinc Epoxy
PropertiesProperties
• Chemically curing
• Good corrosion protection
• Good adhesion
• Require min. Sa 2 ½
• Good mechanical strength
• May be recoated with all types of paint, except Alkyd
• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC
• Temperature dependent
• 2-component
• Film thickness: 25 - 50 m
• Not acid- and alkaline resistant
(Resistant between pH 5-9)
Advantages Limitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /76
? Zinc Epoxy PaintsZinc Epoxy Paints
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Good corrosion protection
• Good adhesion
• Good mechanical strength
• May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds
• Chemically curing
• Short overcoating time
• Dry heat resistant up to 120 ºC
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /77
? Zinc Epoxy PaintsZinc Epoxy Paints
LimitationsLimitations
• Temperature dependent (10 ºC)
• 2- component
• DFT: 20 - 50 m (20-30 m for underwater use)
• Not acid and alkaline resistant
(Resistant at pH range 5 - 9)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /78
? Zinc Epoxy PaintsZinc Epoxy Paints
Where to useWhere to use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• All exterior and interior objects above and below water (as holding primer for underwater use 20-30 microns).
• Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2½
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /79
? Zinc Ethyl-silicate PaintsZinc Ethyl-silicate Paints
PropertiesProperties
• Very good solvent resistance
• Very high heath resistance
(max 400 oC)
• Very high mechanical strength
• Very good adhesion to blast cleaned steel
• Relatively good recoatability
• Requires humidity for curing
• 2-pack
• Max. DFT: 100 µm
At higher DFT tendency of mud-cracking or checking
Advantages Limitations
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /80
? Zinc Ethyl-silicate PaintsZinc Ethyl-silicate Paints
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Very good solvent resistance (Tankcoating)
• Very good corrosion protection
• Very good adhesion to blast-cleaned steel
• Good mechanical strength
• May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds
• Very good heat resistance (max. 400 ºC)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /81
? Zinc Ethyl-silicate PaintsZinc Ethyl-silicate Paints
LimitationsLimitations
• Require humidity for curing
• 2-Pack
• Maximum DFT approximately 100 m
(At higher DFT tendency of checking or cracking)
• Curing has to be checked (ASTM 4752) before overcoating
• Use a tie coat or mistcoat / fullcoat technique for the first subsequent coat.
• Short shelf life : 6 months at 23 ºC
• Very good heat resistance (max. 400 ºC)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /82
? Zinc Ethyl-silicate Paints Zinc Ethyl-silicate Paints
Where to useWhere to use
• Ships
• Offshore
• Industry
• Newbuildings / Maintenance
• All exterior objects above the waterline.
• Tank coating and Water ballast tank (No paint on top)
• Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2½
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /83
? Organic Zinc CoatingsOrganic Zinc Coatings
ChemistryChemistry
Mainly carbon atoms
consisting of crosslinked polymers
in a 3-dimensional network.
Molecule structure:Molecule structure:
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /84
? Inorganic and Organic Zinc CoatingsInorganic and Organic Zinc Coatings
ChemistryChemistry
Molecules : Silica, Oxygen and Zinc
Inorganic : Small molecules of metallic silicates such as sodium silicate
Organic : Small molecules of metallic silicates such as Ethyl-silicate cross-linked in a 3-dimensional network which is very insoluble and resistant
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /85
? Jotun’s Jotun’s Zinc Rich PaintsZinc Rich Paints
• Barrier (Epoxy)
• Jotabar ZEP (Epoxy)
• Jotacoat 5 (Alkali-silicate, inorganic)
• Prosil ZSP (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)
• Resist GTI (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)
• Resist 78 (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic)
• WaterFine Zn Primer (Alkali-silicate, inorganic)
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /87
? Aluminium Silicone PaintsAluminium Silicone Paints
PropertiesProperties• Pure aluminium silicone:
Resistant up to approximately 600°C
• Modified aluminium silicone:
Resistant up to approximately 400°C
• To be applied in thin coats only (20 µm)
Heavier coats may give blistering
Remember:
To be applied on Sa 2 ½
Overcoating only on fully cured Zinc silicate
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /88
? Jotun’s Jotun’s Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints
• Aluminium Paint HR (modified) : 250 º C
• Hot Temp Aluminium (modified): 600 º C
• Hot Temp Zinc (modified): 500 º C
• Sølvalitt (modified): 600 º C
• Sølvalitt Zinc (modified): 400 º C
Paint SchoolJPS-E / Generic types /89
? Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints
PropertiesProperties
• Pure and modified Aluminium Silicone paints are heat resistant from 250 and up to 600 ºC.
• The exact temperature limit depends on the degree of modification
• Addition of Zinc pigments will improve the temperature resistance. Usually, up to 400 ºC.
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? Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints
Surface Preparation and Typical SystemsSurface Preparation and Typical Systems
Surface preparation: Blast-cleaning to Sa 2 ½
Dry conditions at 600 ºC:
2 x 20 m Sølvalitt
Corrosive environments at 400 ºC:
1 x 30 m Sølvalitt Zn + 2 x 20 m Sølvalitt
or
1- 2 x 20 m Sølvalitt on 50 to 80 m Resist GTI (Zinc -ethylsilicate)
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? Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints
Where to UseWhere to Use
• On objects exposed to high temperatures. Temperature range: 120 - 600 ºC.
• In corrosive environments:
Use a Zinc primer (Zinc -ethyl silicate or heat resistant Zinc primer
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? Heat Resistant PaintsHeat Resistant Paints
ExperienceExperience
• Apply only thin coats, approx. 20 - 25 m
• Thicker coats may give blistering
• Pure Aluminium Silicone is tacky at ambient temperature. Becomes hard after 1 hour at 230 ºC. (post curing)
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?What Is Waterborne Paint?What Is Waterborne Paint?
Binder can be dissolved in water (stoving enamel)
Binder can be dispersed in water (air drying paints)
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? Why Water Borne Coatings ?Why Water Borne Coatings ?
Concern about pollution of the environment
Reduce the emission of solvents
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Is water the only solvent ?Is water the only solvent ?
No !No !
Dependant on the choice of binder small amounts of special solvent (coalescing agent), emulsifiers or plastizers are added.
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Advantages of Water as Main DiluentAdvantages of Water as Main Diluent
• Lower emission of solvents
• Improved working environment
• Thinner and cleaner coming out of the water tap
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Generic Binders UsedGeneric Binders Used
• Acrylic (styrene acrylic)
• Alkyd
• Epoxy
• Polyurethane
• Styrene - butadiene
• Vinyl chloride
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics Drying Mechanism Dispersion PaintsDrying Mechanism Dispersion Paints
• Evaporation of water
• The coalescing (melting together) of the
binder
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
What is a dispersion ?What is a dispersion ?
The binder is present in the shape of small, droplets (insoluble “balls”) that, by special chemistry, are kept suspended in water without melting together.
Size of droplets: 0,1 - 1 microns
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
Addition of Solvents and PlasticizersAddition of Solvents and Plasticizers
• If particles are soft at application temperature, they will melt together to a coherent film.
• When hard at this temperature, they will not melt together and give a cracked film.
Why do we need small amounts of special solvents / plasticizers?
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?
Wet condition
Progressed drying
Perfect film formation Insufficient film formation
Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics Film Formation From DispersionsFilm Formation From Dispersions
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?
Aqueous dispersionon surface
Steel
Steel
Steel
Close packed spheres with water filled voids
Continuous polymer coating
Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
Drying process / film formationDrying process / film formation
Drying process/film formationfrom aqueous dispersion
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
Technical PropertiesTechnical Properties
• Properly chosen formulations may provide corrosion protection as good as solvent borne acrylics.
• Excellent adhesion to metals such as aluminium, galvanised steel and stainless steel.
• Gloss and colour retention may be better (acrylics).
• High degree of flexibility (acrylics).
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Good corrosion protection
• Reduce the emission of solvents
• Low VOC content
• Flash point above 100 ºC
• Water as thinner / cleaner
• Good water resistance
• Good UV - resistance
• Good adhesion to other generic type of paints
• No risk of saponification
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? Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
LimitationsLimitations
• Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion)
• Slower drying compared to solvent based types
• Need air flow (good ventilation)
• Need good pre-treatment
• Less chemical resistance
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?
1 2 3 40
Litres of solvent
5101520253035
1. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + solvent borne acrylic, 80 microns 2. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + waterborne acrylic 80, microns 3. Vinyl coating, 2 x 60 microns 4. Waterborne primer, 60 microns + waterborne topcoat, 60 microns
Water Borne AcrylicsWater Borne Acrylics
Comparable Solvent EmissionComparable Solvent Emission
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?How to Make Epoxy HydrophilicHow to Make Epoxy Hydrophilic
The epoxy resin and the curing agent is made hydrophilic by adding
an emulsifier
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?Film FormationFilm Formation
• Evaporation of water
• The paint film has to flow together (coalescence) before evaporation of solvents
• Crosslinking
Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy
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? Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Good corrosion protection
• Reduce the emission of solvents
• Low VOC content
• Flash point above 100 ºC
• Water as thinner / cleaner (up to 20 %)
• Good water resistance
• Cures down to 5 ºC
• Good adhesion to steel, galvanized steel, Aluminium and concrete
• Good sprayability with airless spray
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? Water Borne EpoxyWater Borne Epoxy
LimitationsLimitations
• Need air flow (good ventilation at high humidity)
• Must be stored above 0 ºC• Shorter potlife compared with solvent borne
• The same health hazards as solvent borne related to Epoxy
• Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion)
• Dependent on temperature and humidity for drying and curing
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints ApplicationApplication
It is important that the application, drying and coalescing conditions are
controlled.
Important parameters
• Temperature
• Relative humidity
• Ventilation
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints Ideal Guidelines for ApplicationIdeal Guidelines for Application
1. To avoid dry spraying• Relative humidity 40 - 60 %
• Temperature 10 - 25 oC
2. Drying stage• Relative humidity < 60 %
• Temperature 10 - 40 oC
• Ventilation
Sufficient to keep relative humidity below 60 %
near the surface
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints Compromise guidelinesCompromise guidelines
• Relative humidity 30 - 85 %
• Temperature 5 - 60 oC
• Ventilation:
1. Sufficient to keep the relative humidity between 30 and 85 % close to the surface.
2. Better ventilation is required at a relative humidity in the range of 60 - 85 %
NOTE:NOTE: Product dependent
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?
Recommende conditionsduring application anddrying
Application anddrying possible
Application notrecommended
10 20 30 40 50 6010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Temperature ( oC)
Relative humidity (%)
Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Conditions during applicationConditions during application
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Typical SystemsTypical SystemsThe WaterFine system (Corrosion class 4)
1 x 40 m DFT WaterFine Zn Primer
1 x 90 m DFT WaterFine Special
1 x 80 m DFT WaterFine Special
1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
Example of a hybrid system:
1 x 200 m DFT Jotamastic 87 Al
1 x 80 m DFT WaterFine Special
1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
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? Water Borne PaintsWater Borne Paints
Typical SystemsTypical Systems
System for Corrosion class 3 - 4:
2 x 100 m DFT WaterFine Primer
1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
System for Corrosion class 1 - 2:
1 - 2 x 60 m DFT Ferrotex Primer
1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
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? JOTUN’S JOTUN’S Water Borne ProductsWater Borne Products• Ferrotex primer
(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Topcoat
(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Topcoat, semi-gloss
(1-component, Acrylic)• WaterFine Primer
(2-component epoxy)• WaterFine Zn Primer
(2-component, inorganic Zinc silicate)• WaterFine ZEP
(3-component epoxy Zinc primer)• WaterFine HB
(2-component epoxy intermediate coat)• WaterFine Special
(2-component epoxy intermediate coat)
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
Glass-flake reinforced Vinylester coating
for protection of steel and concrete
in aggressive environments.
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Very fast curing
• Very good adhesion
• Very good abrasion resistance
• Very good chemical resistance
• Very good solvent resistance
• Can be applied by normal airless spray
• Glass-flakes improve abrasion resistance
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
AdvantagesAdvantages
Very good chemical resistance
Especially at higher temperatures• Acids
• Alkalies
• Oils
• Lead free petrol
• Drilling mud
• Process waste water
• Brine
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
LimitationsLimitations
• Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes)
• Overcoating interval:
- Min. 2 hours, max. 24 hours.
• Limited shelf-life
- Approximately 6 months at 23 ºC
• Dependent on temperature during application
• Only to be applied on blast-cleaned steel (Sa 2 ½ )
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester CoatingsWhere To Use Where To Use
• Storage tanks
• Cargo tanks
• Pipelines
• Concrete reservoirs
• Chemical plants– interior
– exterior
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? ChemflakeChemflake
Temperature and Degree Temperature and Degree of Cureof Cure
Product Degree ofcure (%)
Curingtime(days)
Curing
temp (°C)
Degree ofcure (%)
Product
Chemflake Special and
Chemflake CV
ChemflakeClassic
77828796989899
1727172717
25
65
82
78858895979999
At 25 °C , 27 days of curing is needed to reach 90 % cureAt 65 °C , one day of curing gives 95 % cure
Fully cured Chemflake is only obtained by one day curing at 82 °C
The resistance to strong solvents and small molecules improves with the degree of cure
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? Application ofApplication ofPolyester and Vinyl ester coatingsPolyester and Vinyl ester coatings
• Capacity of pump, min. 12 l/min (airless)
• Material hose: 3/8”
• Use teflon packings
• Nozzle: 0,035-0,053
Angle 40 - 80 o
• Remove filters
• Check the W.F.T.
• Check ventilation, light etc.
• Thinner No. 17 or 15, Acetone for flushing or cleaning
• Only on blast-cleaned steel
• Proper mixing
• Short potlife
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
Potlife PotlifeVinyl esters are more reactive than epoxy coatings• shorter pot life
• faster cure
• temperature sensitive
Pot life is adjusted according to ambient temperature
• low temperature applications (15-20 oC) increase amounts of Acc. 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11 type)
• high temperature applications (25-35 oC) decrease amounts of Acc 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11) add Norpol Inhibitor No. 9853.
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? Norpol Norpol CatalystsCatalysts
• Norpol Catalyst No. 1– longer gel time
– some foaming
– Baltoflakes/Chemflakes
• Norpol Catalyst No. 11– shorter gel time
– less foaming
– Chemflakes
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? The Function of Glass The Function of Glass FlakesFlakes
• Multilayers of flakes in the film
– approx. 100 layers in a 1000 microns film
• Barrier against water and chemicals
• Minimize volumetric shrinkage
• Improves adhesion to substrate
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
Touch-Up Set Touch-Up Set
• Added to Vinyl esters to provide brush quality
• For stripe coating– sharp edges
– corners
– welding seems
• Delivered as 0,5 kg in 3 litre tin
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? Exposure Environments Exposure Environments for a Paint Systemfor a Paint System
Storage tanksStorage tanks
• Long time exposure
Cargo tanksCargo tanks
• Short time exposure to different chemicals
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
Clear VarnishClear Varnish
• Clear, thixotropic and pre-accelerated vinyl ester
• Sealer for concrete application
• Laminating resin– repairs
– reinforcement
• Improved Chemflake Clear– adhesion
– application
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? Vinyl ester CoatingsVinyl ester Coatings
Required Pre-treatment and Typical SystemRequired Pre-treatment and Typical System
• Blast-cleaning to min. Sa 2 ½ (ISO 8501)
Roughness approximately 75 microns (50-100 µm)
• Typical system (Chemflake): 2 X 750 m
• Potlife: Approximately 45 min.
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? Advantages of a Vinyl ester Advantages of a Vinyl ester compared with a Polyestercompared with a Polyester
• Slightly better acid resistance than Polyester
• Much better alkalie resistance than Polyester
• Better solvent resistance than Polyester
• Better resistance at elevated temperatures
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? Jotun’sJotun’sVinyl Ester Coatings Vinyl Ester Coatings
• Chemflake Classic
• Chemflake Special
• Chemflake CV
• Chemclear
• Chemflake Touch-Up Set
The Jotun family of Vinyl esters consist of:
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? Paint SystemsPaint Systems
• The selection of paint system based on the following:
• Substrata
• Surface Preparation
• Exposure
• Design Life
• Budget