5- MEP - Fire Protection-rev

Fire Protection

System

An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization

www.ramtech-corp.com

Possible Occurrences of Fire:Fire can start when sufficient heat is produced and this heat can ignite the materials round it. Possible sources of ignition may be:

• Smoking • Naked flames • Gas, oil fired or electrical heaters • Hot works such as welding• Faulty electrical equipment or wiring • Hot surfaces friction caused by drive belts or loose bearings • lighting equipment such as halogen lamps • Arson etc...



INTRODUCTION

Requirement of Fire Protection system

Fire protection is used as an insurance or foolproof security for not only human lives but also for other MEP services against fire mishaps. When MEP services such as Plumbing, Heating ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) duct work and Electrical systems are run parallel to one other in between false ceiling and slab level there is a chance of fire mishaps to occur. Hence fire-protection system reguired for the safety purpose, which can function automatically and there by giving maximum protection to MEP services.

FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENT 1. WATER: Water is most common extinguishing agent because it has the ideal properties

for extinguishing the most common fires it is available in plenty and is cheap.

2. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2): carbon dioxide (CO2) is an effective extinguishing agent, as it reduces the oxygen content by dilution until support for combustion is not possible. It is used for dousing electrical fires or other fires which cannot be put out with water. Being toxic, central extinguishing systems using CO2 have need to be planned to ensure evacuation of people in time before discharge of the gas in the effected area.

3. HALOGENATED AGENT(HALONS): halogenated extinguishing agent are hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. these substitutions result in compounds which are the both non-inflammable and good extinguishers. Halons have been largely used for electrical and computer rooms application.

4. FOAM: Fire-fighting foam is an aggregate of gas filled bubbles formed from aqueous solution of specially formulated concentrated liquid-foaming agents. Air is the commonly used gas but an inert gas may also be used for certain applications. Foam is produced by mixing the foaming agent with water and then aerating and agitating it to form the bubbles. Foams are effective extinguishing agent for oil fires, as they cut out oxygen,besides acting as cooling agent.



INTRODUCTION



FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENT

5. POWDER: A variety of dry chemical powers are used as extinguishing agents for putting out fires of complex nature, e.g., burning metals, chemicals, etc. Most chemical powers act by forming a stickly residue over the fire on burning, which seals it from oxygen, thus helping to extinguish the fire and preventing re-ignition.

6. SAND: Sand which is commonly available, is an excellent suppression agent which acts by smothering an incipient fire. It is particularly useful for electrical and petroleum fires.

TYPES OF FIRES:

Class A: Organic materials (wood, paper, cloth, plastic, etc,) Class B: Flammable liquids (petrol, paints, solvents) Class C: Flammable gases (LPG, acetylene) Class D: Combustible metals (Mg, Na, K) Class E: Electrical fires, motors and switch gear.

INTRODUCTION



Fire

Detected Not detected forsome time

Automatically Dect/spk

Manually/Visually

Alarm raised Ignored/delayed

Fire welldeveloped

Local actionCheck fire condition

Fire detectedInform firebrigade

No fire False alarmDoused locally

Activate Suppression System

Automatic FF.Operation

Manual ofoperation

Internal /external Hydrants & hoses

Hose reelsFire

Extinguishers Sand / water

Buckets Sprinkler/halon/co2System activated

Fire condition

End of operation

Fire brigade Take over No Extinguished yes



INTRODUCTION

Fire Protection Systems: There are three types:

1. Fire Extinguishers: Fire extinguishers are hand-operated appliances which can be operated by untrained persons to douse a fire. A fire may have different source of fuels. Use of an incorrect type of fire extinguisher on an unknown source of fuel may aggravate the fire and may actually harm the person using it and assist in spreading the fire rather than extinguishing it.

2. Hydrant System:

a) Dry Risers: Dry risers, so called because they contain no water in the pipes, are installed within a building and provided with a landing valve in the staircase lobby. The riser terminates at the street level in the form of a fire brigade connection. The connection enable the fire-brigade to connect the fire-brigade connection either to a street fire-hydrant directly or to a fire-brigade pump and charge the dry riser with water.

b) Wet Risers: Wet risers are fixed pipe-installations, installed within a building and permanently charged with water under pressure from a reliable water supply source.



3. Automatic Sprinklers System: Automatic sprinklers are devices for spraying water uniformly over fire either to extinguish it entirely or to prevent it from spreading. The system consists of a set of pipes suspended from a ceiling, with sprinkler heads fixed at intervals along the pipe. The sprinkler head is a temperature-sensitive device and operates with a fusible link or glass bulb. In case of a fire, the fusible link melts or the bulb bursts at a desired temperature, allowing the water to be sprayed on the fire.

a) Deluge System: Deluge systems are a total-flooding systems which come in operation with help of a single heat-sensing sprinkler installed on a set of pipes having large number of nozzles which spray water simultaneously to flood the area or equipment. Deluge systems are commonly used for protection of electrical transformers and other high hazard areas where flooding not only extinguishes the fire but also lower the temperature of combustion and provides cooling effect.

b) Pre-Action System: Pre-action systems are similar to dry systems, except that valves release water to the pipes before any sprinkler head has opened.

INTRODUCTION

What is a Sprinkler?When the material inside shed is under fire, temperature gets raises up to

predetermined temperature in the respective area. The radiation causes the liquid inside the sprinkler bulb to expand and the bulb bursts throwing out water under pressurized condition which gets sprayed over the area under fire. The sprayed water provides cooling effect to the burning material and in turn extinguishes the fire.

What is Riser?A riser is a pipe which extends vertically one full storey or more to

convey water to branches or group of fixtures.

What is Riser Nipple?A Riser Nipple is connected when there is sudden rise in elevations (levels) between Sprinkler main pipe & branch pipe.

What are Pipe Supports?Pipe Supports are used to Support pipes at specified intervals.

Typical representation of Pipe supports in Shop Floor drawing



DEFINATION



DESIGN CRITERIA

Following are Design Codes & Standards for Fire Fighting System:

TAC Fire Protection Manual – 1998 Edition. NFPA 14 – Rules for Stand Pipe & Hose System. NFPA 13 – Standard For Installation Of Sprinkler Systems. NFPA 231 – Standard For General Storage. TAC Manual Of Sprinkler System. NFPA 72 – Standard For National Fire Alarm Code. NFPA 2001 – Standard For Clean Agent Fire extinguishing System.

Spacing of sprinklers is determined on the basis of hazard classification, exposure and the height at which it is installed. Water is applied at a density measured in mm / min. Standards used by the tariff advisory committee (TAC) of the insurance association of India for installing automatic sprinklers given in table 13.2.

Design Densities and Spacing of Sprinklers

Hazards

Design density

(mm/min)

Assumed max. area of

operation (sqm)

Max. area covered

per sprinkler

Maximum distance between

sprinklers

1. Extra Light Hazard

1.1 Non-industrial occupancy 2.25 84

where fire-load is low 17 9.2

a) Sidewall sprinklers 21 4.6

b) Other sprinklers

1.2 Areas like kitchen, boiler 5 84

room, attics, basements,

and storage areas where

fire-load is higher

1.3 Other sprinklers 9 3.7

2. Ordinary Hazard

2.1 Commercial and industrial 5 360

occupancies handling

and processing ordinary combustible

materials

a) Sidewall Sprinklers 9 7.4

b) Other sprinklers 12 4

3. Extra high hazards and other types of risks require special attention according to TAC/code requirements.



DESIGN CRITERIA



DESIGN CRITERIA



DESIGN CRITERIA



GENERAL NOTES

1. The distance between sprinkler to wall shall not exceed 2.3 mtr.

2. The distance between sprinkler deflector and the slab shall not exceed 300 mm.

3. Upright sprinklers shall be installed with frame arms parallel to the branch line.

4. The distance between an upright sprinkler and hanger shall not be less than 80 mm.

5. Hexagonal reducing bushes shall not be used for changing the size of pipe.

6. All pipe shall be to Astm a-53, sch.40 grade-b, galvanised seamless.

7. Threaded fittings shall be used for pipes up to 50 mm and grooved fittings for pipes 65 mm and above.

8. All tamper switches and water flow detectors shall be interfaced with fire alarm system

9. Piping shall be pitched to drain. (branches to be sloped 4mm/mtr. & mains by 2mm/mtr.)



Under Ground Water Tank

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF OVERALL BUILDING FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Main Supply from City Line`

Water Transfer Pumps

Main Supply Header to Over Head tank

Fire Protection ABBREVATIONS An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


Fire Protection ABBREVATIONS & SYMBOLS An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization




Drawings fromconsultant

Arch. drawingsStructuraldrawings

Services designdrawings

Shop drawings(ISD Dwgs.)

MEP CoordinationDrawings

(CSD Dwgs.)

Builders workdrawings

As built drawings

Commentsupdated

Approved

Rejected

Approved

Material Submittals

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR FIRE FIGHTING SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWING PROCEDURE

DESCRIPTION: Shop drawings are also called as Detail drawings are used to guide the construction and Erection members. Complete shop drawings show the levels, pipe sizes, setting out dimensions and typical details, sections being co-ordinated with all services. Since the shop drawings are intended only for use in the shop, they generally contain little or no information about the erection and installation of the MEP members they depict.

The following are steps to be adopted while preparing the Fire fighting Shop Drawing.

STEP1.PREPARE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING:- Prepared the Architectural X-Ref drawings.

STEP 2. CONVERT DOUBLE LINE WITH FITTINGS:- Converting the single pipeline into double line pipe with fittings whose Dia are above 65mm.

STEP3ASSIGNED THE LEVELS:-Assign the levels after co-ordinating with structural drawings and other services drawings to all sp



STEP 4.SETTING OUT DIMENSIONS & PIPE SUPPORTS:- Give the reference dimension from gird or the wall whichever nearest to the fixtures, pipes and accessories. Provide the pipe supports to the pipe and details for support.

STEP 5. SECTION VIEWS:- Prepared the section at a critical area where the density of pipe work is more.

STEP 6.STANDARD DETAILS:- Show all the typical fixing details of different fixtures and accessories.

STEP 7.TITLE SHEET WITH GENERAL NOTES:- Show all the general notes and legends in the title block and a creating view port for the drawing as per the required scale.



SHOP DRAWING

Before starting the shop drawing refer all Input and material submittals for the project.

1. Study the architectural, structural drawings for the FFL, beam depths and architectural sections.

2. Study the Reflected ceiling plan (RCP) drawing for the False ceiling level (FCL) and floor pattern drawings.

3. Study the Schematic riser diagram for Sanitary ,storm and Vent pipes.

4. Study all approved material submittals for example type of fixture, pipe fitting, accessories and pipe support etc,.

5. Study client’s CAD standards, Legends.

6. Refer the Sample drawing given by client.

GUIDELINES TO PREPARE A SHOP DRAWING



SHOP DRAWING

Client will provide the architectural drawing for each floor. It contains all information like room names & partitions, walls, columns, beams, door, windows etc., So create one arch drawing for reference purpose.

PREPARATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

1. Delete unwanted text and dimensions.

2. Change text height as per shop drawing scale.

3. Change grid bubbles as per shop drawing scale.

4. Change all entities colour as 8.

5. Attach this Arch file as X-reference file for shop drawing.

PROCEDURE:



STEP 1:-

SHOP DRAWING

SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR INPUT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING



SHOP DRAWING

SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING



SHOP DRAWING

1. Before starting the double line refer client specification they wants pipe sizes are Nominal diameter or Outer diameter. If they are asking Outer diameter, refer below table.

CONVERSION OF DOUBLE LINE WITH FITTINGS

2. Start making the double lines for the pipes as per the sizes mentioned in the contract drawing.

3. Place the pipe fittings like 90, 45 degree elbows, Tee connections etc., according to the nfpa standards. All fittings as per approved client submittals.



STEP 2:-

Number of Sprinklers on branch can be decided with respect to Sprinkler pipe size as shown below:



SHOP DRAWING

4. Reroute if necessary where ever clashes found with structures columns and fittings are not inserted within that distance.

5. Avoid the Elbows and ‘Y’ fittings in walls.

6. Show the flow direction as per schematic drawing.

7. After completion of the double line and fittings change the layers and line type as per client CAD standards.



SHOP DRAWING



SHOP DRAWING

STANDARD FIRE FIGHTING FITTINGS

SHOP DRAWING

SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR INPUT FIRE FIGHTING DRAWING



SHOP DRAWING

SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT DOUBLE LINE DRAWING



BOTTOM OF PIPE:- The distance from the finished floor level(ffl) to the bottom of insulated pipe is bop. The Sprinkler pipes hangs between slab and false ceiling level with supporters. If is interference & fouling with duct or other equipment, in that case we use to bend the pipe as up & down, then follows the routing.

FOR CALCULATING THE BOP VALUE:- FFL of current floor______________(from arch. Layout) ssl & slab thickness of the above floor__________(from structural layout) false ceiling level must be greater than 2400mm from ffl. Considering the false ceiling level Sprinkler pipes running 100mm apart.

Assigned the levels



STEP3:-

SHOP DRAWING

• Bottom of pipe must be given from the starting point that is from riser to the till end of the water supply to fixtures and should be given to all individual pipe lines.

For Example: let ø65 pipe is running to the apartment from riser considering the bottom of level at starting point for hot water 2850 mm and for cold water 2750 mm from finished floor level.

• After some distance it reduces to ø42 mm

• Calculating the bop 65-42=23mm/2=11.5mm Rounding it to 12 mm appx.

• Means ø42 mm hot water pipes bop 2850-12= 2838 mm from finished floor level.

• Similarly for ø12 mm cold water 2750-12= 27385mm from finished floor level.



•Assigned the levels

SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWINGAn ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


STEP 3:- Assigned the levels



Give the reference dimension to the sprinkler to sprinkler, pipes and accessories from wall, gird, Column or Beams, whichever nearest, for the installation of pipe and accessories etc. purpose.

STEP 4:- SETTING OUT DIMENSIONS:

SHOP DRAWING

Pipe supports are generally provided for sprinklers pipe at an interval of 1 to 3 meters distance or as per client requirement.



Pipe Support

SHOP DRAWINGSTEP 4:- PIPE SUPPORTS

Typical Channel Support for every 3 meter & pipe support on vertical structure



Pipe hanger & Rod Details

SHOP DRAWING



Typical Clevis Hanger & C-Clamp Details used as Pipe Support

Pipe hanger & Rod Details

SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWING An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


STEP6:- STANDARD DETAILS

Classification of Sprinklers

Upright sprinklers

Pendent sprinklers

Sidewall sprinklers

Pendent & Upright sprinklers (combined)

The following are the main types of sprinklers available in Fire Protection System:

Pendent type sprinklers were used basically beneath thefalse ceiling where as upright sprinklers and sidewallsprinklers are used in parking areas.



Standard detail Upright Sprinkler



Standard detail Pendent Sprinkler

Pendent Sprinkler



SHOP DRAWING

Pendent SprinklerAn ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


SHOP DRAWING

Pendent & Upright sprinklers (combined)An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


SHOP DRAWING

This is how Sprinkler ‘Main Pipe’ and ‘Branch Pipe’ areconnected by Riser Nipple:

SPRINKLER HEAD

NIPPLE

SPRINKLER MAIN PIPE

PENDANT TYPE

BRANCH PIPE



SHOP DRAWING

The Riser Nipple size with respect to Number of sprinklers can be found from following table:



SHOP DRAWING

PIPE SIZE

BHSAREA

OTHERAREA

25

32

40

50

65

80 11ABOVE

21ABOVE

1 2

2 3

3 4-5

4-8 6-10

9-10 11-20

Typical FM-200 System used in Fire Protection System by using FM-200 Gas

Gas Extinguishing SystemAn ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


Some special premises, e.g. server rooms, were equipped with gas extinguishing system in addition to the sprinkler system according to the special instructions of the premises.

SHOP DRAWING



FLEXIBLE PIPE CONNECTOR / EXPANSION JOINT

SHOP DRAWING

P & I diagram of FM-200 container



Fire Extinguisher

Fire Extinguishers are represented in the following manner in shop floor drawing:



Fire Extinguisher is used to destroy or minimize fire by using Carbon Dioxide, Dry Powder or film foam Extinguishing compound.

CO2 extinguishers are selected typically for spaces where the aim is to prevent damage caused by the extinguishing compound itself.

Dry powder and film foam extinguishers were designed for premises where there is a large potential fire load and where the damage by the extinguishing compound would not be significant.

Fire Hose Reel was installed for area with high fire load (warehouses & production areas). Hose reel was mounted inside a wall/column mounted M.S. Box.

Fire Hose reelAn ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


Deluge System

Deluge System is generally used near electrical equipment such as cable trays etc., where fire protection is required.





DATAILS

TITLE BLOCK

KEY PLAN

REF DWG. NO’S.

LEGENDS

GENERAL NOTES

SEE BELOW SAMPLE SHOP DRAWING FOR FIRE FIGHTING LAYOUT:

SHOP DRAWING

PLAN

•VIEW PORT CREATIONScaling is used to depict objects on paper that are either larger or smaller

than the paper. Creation of view port is done in Paper space. Generally shop drawings in 1:50 scale and sections are 1:25 scale. View port is create by using the command “MVIEW”.

•TITLE BLOCK UPDATING

Title block is provided by client as required size (A0, A1, A2 A4). Generally the title block details are…...

Notes: Show the any specific notes in the Notes column related to this shop drawing. See below snap shot….

HVAC

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

NOTES:



SHOP DRAWING


www.ramtech-corp.comPLAN

SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT PLAN:

SHOP DRAWING



SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT DATAILS:

SHOP DRAWING

DATAILS

REF. DWG. NOS.: Update the Reference Drawing Nos. what ever the drawings are referred while preparing this shop drawing I.e. Architectural, structural, schematic, design drawing.. See below snap shot….

•KEY PLAN: Hatching the location in key plan, the area is covered in this sheet.



SHOP DRAWING

• DRAWING TITLE: Update the Drawing Title information I.e. Floor, Level, service, Drawn By, Checked By, Approved By, Revision, Drawing Scale and Drawing No... See below snap shot….



SHOP DRAWING

FIRE FIGHTING PIPE MATERIALSAn ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


Fire Hose cabinet shown like this in input drawing:

Fire Hose Cabinet



Fire Hose cabinet shown like this in output drawing:



Typical Sectional Details of Fire Fighting System

FIRE FIGHTING DETAIL - FOR SETTING OF PIPE ELEVATION(BRANCH PIPE PASSING BELOW BEAM)

(APPLICABLE ONLY IN AREAS WHERE BOTTOM OF BEAM CLOSE TO CEILING)



(BRANCH PIPE PASSING BELOW BEAM)

FIRE FIGHTING DETAIL - FOR SETTING OF PIPE ELEVATION



(AREAS WITHOUT CABLE TRAY)




CABLE TRAY INSTALLED 300mm BELOW SOFFIT OF SLAB)




(CABLE TRAY INSTALLED AT DIFFERENT LEVEL) - MORE THAN 300mm BELOW SOFFIT OF SLAB)




Documents

5- MEP - Fire Protection-rev