5 JULY I991I $6.00VOL. 253 a PAGES I-Io8

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0; f ect0-0 ;M atc hiTM00XX I--; ; a c 1:Dramatically Reduces False Priming *Enhi

Perfect Math poly se enhancer* is an additive for-mulated to greatly increase the specificity of primer exten-sion reactions (1,2). Primer-tenplate complexes that con-tain mismatched nudeotides near the 3' terninus of theprim are destabilized by Perfect Match polymeraseenhancer (3). However, perfect and near perfect template-prmer matches or primes with regions of non-homologyat the S' end are not affected. Thus, the frequency of falsepriming events is dramatically decreased. Perfect Matchpolymerase enhancer may be used to minimize false prim-ing events in such applications a cDNA synthesis andprimer extension reactions including those involving PCRamplification (4).

1. Nielson, K. and Mathur, E.J. (1990)Strategies 3:17-19.

2. Nielson, K. and Mathur, E.J. Manuscriptin preparation.

3. Nielson, K. and Mathur E.J. (1989) U.S.patents filed.

4. Mullis, K.B. and Faloona F.A. (1987)Meth. Enzymol. 155:335-350.

Figure 1 shows two exmpe f nr cationreactions that are ntl hanced by the addition ofPerfect Match polynerase enhanc to the polymerasepreparation. Note that in lanes 1 and 2, the desired PCRproduct cannot be detected unless Perfect Matchpolymerase enhancer is added to the amplification reaction.

In lanes 3 and 4, Perfect Match polymeraseenhancer not only increases the intensity ofthe desired amplification products, butdramatically reduces the backgroundartifacts generated by non-specificpriming events.

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Figure Legend: A photograph of a 1%agarose gel stained with ethidium bromiderepresenting reaction products from PCRamplifications using the GeneAmpTm' Kittfrom Perkin-Elmer Cetus according tomanufacturer's instructions. The reactionswere conducted with (lanes 1 and 3) andwithout (lanes 2 and 4) the inclusion of 1 unitPerfect Match polymerase enhancer. Lanes 1and 2 represent 100 ng of human genomicDNA amplified with two 26-mer primersseparated by 1400 nudeotides. Lanes 3 and 4represent 100 ng of mouse genomic DNAamplified with two 23-mer primers separatedby 550 nucleotides.

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AMERICANASSOCIATION FOR THEADVANCEMENT OFSCIENCE SCIENCE

ISSN 0036-80755 JULY I99IVOLUME 253NUMBER 50I5

7 This Week in Science

9 The Handling of Leaked Information

12 Accounting for America's Uncounted and Miscounted: K. M. WOLTER

17 Triplex RNA: A. RICH, D. R. DAVIES, G. FELSENFELD R Separate NSFDirectorates: H. J. SILVER, D. JOHNSON, L. P. LIPSETr, R. J. P. HAUCK,R. F. ABLER, F. J. NEWMEYER, W. V. D'ANToNIo a New Drug Applications:G. F. MEYER; J. J. NEWTON

19 Probing atmospheric anarchy; space station lab jettisons JPL engineers; etc.

20 The Patent Game: Raising the Ante a Computerizing 28 Million Files a CanElectronic Property Be Protected?

24 Baltimore Case-in Brief: Imanishi-Kari's Rebuttal m OToole Fires Back a

Scientific Community Splits * The Scientific Results a OSI Flip-Flops on Storb26 New "China Syndrome' Puzzle

UK Cold War Warriors: Out in the Cold?27 British Ferrets Go Hungry28 Briefings: Shooing the Screwworm Fly a Better Dead in Lead a Brotherhood of

Lions aA Brighter Forecast from Kuwait a U.S. Eases the Pressure on RU-486-Health Care: Teens Can Go It Alone a Essence of a Smile

30 The High Side of Gravity32 Three Li'l Pigs and the Hunt for Blood Substitutes a Bumper Transgenic Plant

Crop34 Engineers Open a Dialogue With Neurons35 Early Bird Threatens Archaeopteryx's Perch36 Holy Phylogeny! Did Bats Evolve Twice?

37 Reconstruction and Future Trends of the AIDS Epidemic in the United States:R. BROOKMEYER

42 Celestial Mechanics on a Microscopic Scale: T. UZER, D. FARRELLY,J. A. MILLIGAN, P. E. RAINES, J. P. SKELTON

49 p53 Mutations in Human Cancers: M. HOLLSTEIN, D. SIDRANSKY,B. VOGELSTEIN, C. C. HARmS

* SCIENCE (ISSN 0036-8075) is published weeky on Friday, except the at week In Dee , by te AmericanAsoclaton for the of ScIence, 1333 H Se, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Second-class poae(publicaon No. 484480) paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offes. Copyright 1991 by the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science. The title SCIENCE is a registered trademark of the AAAS. Domesticindividual memesip and subscription (51 issues): $82 ($50 allocated to subscription). Domestic institutionaisubscription (51 issues): $150. Foreign postage extra: Canada $46, other (surface mail) $46. air freight $90. First ciass,airmail, school-year, and student rates on request. Change of address: allow 6 weeks, giving old and new addressesand 11-digit account number. Potast Send change of address to Science. P.O. Box 2033, Marion, OH43305-23. Single copy sales: $6.00 per issue prepaid includes surface postage; Guide to Biotechnology Productsand Instruments, $20. Bulk rates on request. Author on to photocopy material for internal or personal use undercircumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by AAAS to libraries and otherusers registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the basefee of $1 per copy plus $0.10 per page is paid directly to CCC, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970. The

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* The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in 1874. Itsobetes are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, to foster scientific freedom andresponsibility, to improve the efbctveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, to advance education inscience, and to increase public understanding and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods ofscience in human progress.

SCIENCE, VOL. 2534

on

l5

COVER Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), shown here at a rookery on TorgersonIsland near the U.S. Antarctic science base Palmer Station, are a vital link in the

Southern Ocean food web. Respiration of carbon dioxide by Antarctic birds andmammals may represent a significant inefficiency in the storage offixed carbon in theocean. This phenomenon may affect current models of the global ocean-atmospherecarbon flux. See page 64. [Photograph by David M. Karl]

54 Global Suppression of Protein Folding Defects and Inclusion Body Formation:A. MIrrRAI, B. FANE, C. HAASE-PE1TLNGELL, J. STURTEVANT, J. KING

59 The Receptor for Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor: S. DAVIS, T. H. ALDRICH,D. M. VALENZUELA, V. WONG, M. E. FURTH, S. P. SQUINTO,G. D. YANcoPouLos

64 Top Predators in the Southern Ocean: A Major Leak in the Biological CarbonPump: M. E. HUNTLEY, M. D. G. LOPEZ, D. M. KARL

66 Evolution of Pollen Morphology: I. DAJOZ, I. TILL-BOTrRAUD, P.-H. GOUYON69 Elimination ofTwo Reef-Building Hydrocorals Following the 1982-83 El Nino

Warming Event: P. W. GLYNN AND W. H. DE WEERDT71 Identification of the Envelope V3 Loop as the Primary Determinant of Cell

Tropism in HIV-1: S. S. HWANG, T. J. BOYLE, H. K. LYERLY, B. R. CULLEN74 The ras Oncoprotein and M-Phase Activity: I. DAAR, A. R. NEBREDA, N. YEW,

P. SAss, R. PAULES, E. SANMoS, M. WIGLER, G. F. VANDE WOUDE77 Requirement of Nuclear Prolactin for Interleukin-2-Stimulated Proliferation ofT

Lymphocytes: C. V. CLEVENGER, S. W. ALTMANN, M. B. PRYSTOWSKY79 Deregulation of a Homeobox Gene, HOXLL, by the t(10;14) in T Cell Leukemia:

M. HATANO, C. W. M. ROBERTS, M. MINDEN, W. M. CRIST, S. J. KORSMEYER82 Human Ultrasonic Speech Perception: M. L. LENHARDT, R. SKELLEIT, P. WANG,

A. M. CLARKE85 Visual Instruction of the Neural Map of Auditory Space in the Developing Optic

Tectum: E. I. KNUDSEN AND M. S. BRAiNARD

88 Understanding Hydrophobic Behavior: J. HERZFELD

89 Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment; RiskAssessment in Genetic Engineering; Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology,reviewed by M. A. Hoy a Reprints of Books Previously Reviewed M BooksReceived

' 91 Monoclonal Antibodies a Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column a

New Generation LC/MS Instrument a Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Software mProtein HPLC Systems * Minigel Apparatus a Literature

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 55 JULY 1991

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HUMAN GENOME III

October 21-23, 1991Town & Country Hotel

San Diego, CAWalter Bodmer, Ph.D. Co-Chairman: Charles R. Cantor, Ph.D.

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM

8:30 am -12:00 pm SESSION I - INFORMATICSELBERT BRANSCOMB: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - "Manag-ing Genomic Data for the Research Community's Benefit"EDWARD UBERBACHER: Oak Ridge National Laboratory - "Intelligent Methodsfor DNA Sequence Feature Recognition and Intepretation"MINORU KANEHISA: Kyoto University - "Knowledge Information Processingfor Genome Analysis"CHRIS RAWLINGS: Imperial Cancer Research Fund - "Integrating GenomeInformation: A Knowledge-based Approach"ROSS OVERBEEK: Argonne National Laboratory - "Setting up an EffectiveQuery Capability: A Radical Proposal"JULIO CELIS: Aarhus University - "Human 2-D Gel Protein Databases:Linking Protein and DNA Information"12:00 pm-4:00 pm LUNCHIWORKSHOPS/EXHIBITS/POSTERS4:00 pm -7:15 pm SESSION 11- MODEL ORGANISMSJOSEPH NADEAU: The Jackson Laboratory - "Encyclopedia of the MouseGenome and the Database Integration Problem"ANDRE GOFFEAU: Catholic University of Louvain - "The European Plan toSequence the Yeast Genome: Progress Report"KUNIO ISONO: Tohoku University - "Neurogenetics of Taste in Drosophila"FOTIS C. KAFATOS: Harvard University/IMBB, Crete - "Integrated Maps ofthe Drosophila Genome"EUGENE RINCHIK: Oak Ridge National Laboratory - "Fine-structure Functionaland Physical Mapping of Germline Deletions in the Mouse"

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 228:30 am-12:00 pm SESSION Ill - POLITICSWALTER BODMER: Imperial Cancer Research Fund - "HUGO"CHARLES R. CANTOR: DOE Human Genome Project - "U.S. Department ofEnergy"MARK GUYER: National Institutes of Health - "Index Markers"KENICHI MATSUBARA: Osaka University - "The Japanese Genome Projectas of 1991"BRONWEN LODER: Commission of the European Communities - "The ECHuman Genome Analysis Programme"

12:00 pm-4:00 pm LUNCHIWORKSHOPS/EXHIBITS/POSTERS4:00 pm-7:15 pm SESSION IV - PHYSICAL MAPS:CAN THEY BE COMPLETED?GLEN EVANS: Salk Institute - "Physical Maps of Human Chromosomes"HANS LEHRACH: European Molecular Biology Laboratory - "Of Mice and Men:The Global Analysis of the Mammalian Genome"ANTHONY CARRANO: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - "A Chromo-some 19 Physical Map"ROBERT MOYZIS: Los Alamos National Laboratory - "Physical and FunctionalMapping of the Human Genome"WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 238:30 am- 12:00 pm SESSION V - METHOD DEVELOPMENTRONALD W. DAVIS: Stanford University - "Sequencing the Yeast Genome"WACLAW SZYBALSKI: McArdle Laboratory, University of Wisconsin -

"Sequencing of Eukaryotic Genomes Without Cloning"PIETER J. DEJONG: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - "A NewApproach for Completing Contig Maps Using Alu-PCR"LLOYD M. SMITH: University of Wisconsin - "High-speed DNA Sequencingin Ultrathin Gels"DAVID WARD: Yale University - "Gene Mapping by Fluorescence In SituHybridization"12:00 pm-4:00 pm LUNCH/WORKSHOPS/EXHIBITS/POSTERS4:00 pm-7:15 pm SESSION VI - HUMAN LANDMARKSPETER GOODFELLOW: Imperial Cancer Research Fund - "ChromosomeFragmentation Techniques"ANTHONY MONACO: Imperial Cancer Research Fund/University of Oxford"Genome Analysis of the Human X Chromosome"GRANT R. SUTHERLAND: Adelaide Children's Hospital - "The Fragile X: ANovel Genetic Element"L. L. CAVALLI-SFORZA: Stanford University - "Diversity and the Originof Races"MARY-CLAIRE KING: University of California, Berkeley -

"Genetic Analysis of Breast Cancer in Families"All speakers listed have been confirmed. Others will be added later.

Organized and Managed by Scherago Associates, Inc.Sponsored By SCiENCE MAGAZINE, AAASand the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO)

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SCIENCE

American Association for the Advancement of ScienceScience serves its readers as a forum for the presentation anddiscussion of important issues related to the advancement ofscience, including the presentation of minority or conflictingpoints of view, rather than by publishing only material on whicha consensus has been reached. Accordingly, all articlespublished in Science-including editorials, news and comment,and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual viewsof the authors and not official points of view adopted by theAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated.

Publisher: Richard S. NicholsonEditor: Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.

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Information for contributors appears on pages 35-37 of the4 January 1991 issue. Editorial correspondence, includingrequests for permission to reprint and reprint orders, should besent to 1333 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Telephone: 202-326-6500. Advertising correspondenceshould be sent to Tenth Floor, 1515 Broadway, New York, NY10036. Telephone 212-730-1050 or WU Telex 968082SCHERAGO, or FAX 212-382-3725. Subscription/MemberBenefits Questions: 202-326-6417. Science: 202-326-6500.Other AAAS Programs: 202-326-6400.

The Handling of Leaked Information

T o edit a journal that wishes to maintain the highest standards of journalism and

science is a challenging and humbling experience. It is challenging because highstandards are always challenging and humbling because combining two professions

in one journal reveals how difficult it is to develop universal ethical standards.

One example pertains to the use of "leaked" documents. A leaked document is in effecta piece of stolen goods. Our most recent example is the report of the Office of ScientificIntegrity of the National Institutes of Health on the Baltimore case (see News and

Comment, 29 March, p. 1552). In the scientific world, this report is a privileged report thatshould not be disseminated further to any unauthorized individual. In the world ofjournalism, however, leaked information is usually accepted as publishable information.Thus, in the current example, refusal by Science to report the information when it knew thatthe same report had been leaked to many other news outlets would only have denied thereaders of Science information that was fully available elsewhere. Nevertheless, there are

troubling aspects of such events that trigger consideration of the proper standards ofconduct.

The first journalistic standard that we demand of ourselves in such a case is to

characterize the leaked information as completely as possible so that the reader is able to

discern the degree ofpotential bias. In this case, the document was the official committeereport (and therefore not a preliminary draft that might have been more questionable)containing both majority and minority opinions. It did not, however, contain theresponses ofthe principals accused, a final step that is an essential component ofthe quasi-judicial process. Science, on receipt of the document, contacted several of the report

panel to verify the official character of the report, the accuracy of the released document,and its degree of finality. The individuals contacted were extremely reluctant to com-

ment, because they were bound by confidentiality, an attitude we respected. They were

convinced, however, that the minimal verification requested was appropriate once a leakhad occurred. With this verification Science could be confident that it was providing itsreaders an accurate, official report. However, it was as important to emphasize to our

readers that the leaked report was incomplete. Thus, the second journalistic standard thatwe apply is to supply as soon as possible the information missing from the leakeddocument so that a balanced account is available to the readers. In the rush to deadlines,the first report rarely contains the full story.

This is not the only case, nor the last one, where partial information is leaked. The leakofnames from selection committees is another example that is troublesome. Thus, we mightask whether there should be stringent rules against the entire practice of leaking, a cottageindustry in Washington, D.C. The answer seems to be that there are both positive outcomesand potential for abuse.

Many organizations, including the U.S. government, sometimes suppress informationand reports that the citizens should see. The leak ofsuch documents and the threat of leaks

that accelerates release of others that might be concealed are positive benefits to a

democracy. The negative aspect occurs when premature or one-sided leaks generatejudgments that would not have been made if all the facts were known. Leakers in some cases

are risking their jobs for a worthy cause but in other cases are distorting information in an

unfair way. The leakers may have an axe to grind, and the journal that serves their purpose,even temporarily, has an obligation to correct the record as soon as possible. That is not

always easy because it requires sorting out a complicated story.The handling of leaked information is thus a case in which pure standards would not

be beneficial to society. In the long run, fairness and accuracy will be the final arbiters of

standards of journalism, which of necessity are a compromise between pure ideals of

confidentiality and a desire to provide the reader with full information without censorship.The leaking of the Pentagon papers undoubtedly served democracy well, but the

leaking ofthe saccharin study probably prevented an objective analysis ofthe risks involved.

Because leaks will probably always occur and because they are sometimes valuable, the presshas a heavy responsibility to be fair over time and the public should learn to respond to a

leak by saying, "There's going to be more to this story."-DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.

EDITORIAL 95 JULY 1991

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THEEMF-CANCER_QUESTIONA SCiENCE ReprintBooket _

Due to the popularity of Science's recent three-part series byRobert Pool examining the debate over the possible biological effectsof electromagnetic fields, we put the articles together in one conve-nient and comprehensive reprint booklet. The first article looks at theepidemiological evidence for a link between electromagnetic fieldsand cancer. The second article deals with cell and animal studies, andthe third examines policy questions and the politics behind theresearch.

To order copies of this booklet, complete the coupon below and send yourcheck, payable to AAAS. All orders must be prepaid.

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1991AAAS/WESTINGHOUSE AWARDfor PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OFSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Nominations Invited

* An annual Award for working scientists and engineersfrom all disciplines who make outstanding contributionsto public understanding of science and technology butare not members of the media.

* The Award will be presented during the AAAS AnnualMeetng in Chicago, IL, February 6-11, 1992.

* The Award carries a $2,500 prize.

* Sponsors for the Award are the Westinghouse Founda-tion and American Association for the Advancement ofScience.

1990 Award Winner: William L. RathjeUniversity of Arizona

For additional information, contact: Patricia S. Curlin, AAASCommittee on Public Understanding of Science and Tech-nology, 1333 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 or call202/326-6602.

Deadline for nominations is 1 August 1991.

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Everything You Need to Succeedin Life Science ResearchBio-Rad is committed to you and your success in the life sciences.And, therefore, we've made our new catalog very easy to use andalso stocked it with valuable technical information.Substantial applications discussion complements product informa-tion.Two indexes, one by catalog number and one by product, directyou quickly to needed facts and figures. And our cell organizationchart will let you compare technologies; it lists all sections in whichyou'll find products appropriate to your work.

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Can~ Bb-R aboiutde (Cam ) Ltd., 5149Bradno Bou , MA saug, Ontario L4W2A6 * Phone (416) 624-0713 * Fax (416) 624-3019I_AEb N' B0-Red Labotde PyLmited, P.O. Box 371, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113 * Phone 02-05-500 * Fax 02-605 1920Aube Bb-RadLaoto~s Ges.m.b.H., Au t 78D, A-1130 Wen * Phone 0222A28901 * Fax02225285629

m, Blo-Rad Laborat S.AJN. V., _ 'atS, 8-9810 Naz * Phone 091-855511 *Fax 091-856554Fkrm Ble-RadSA., 9416 ruewVcorHugo. B.P. 220,942031hwrySurS Cedex Phone 01-4606834 * Fax 01-46712467GI_,w~Bob-RadLabortbs GHH . 164, Poettach 45 01 33, D-MWM800cnn 45. Phone0318 840 * Fax0318 84 100Peeif, Blb-Rad Laboratories, Unit 1111, iliF. NewKovdon Plaz 38, TalKok Taa Roa TaiKok Tsu", Kowoon, Hong Kong * Phone 789330* Fax 7891257lb8-Red La tors SRL,Via Celin4 18/A, 1-20090 Se t Mano * Phone 02-21609.1 Fax 02-21609-399&pso,-R Labor i. S. A. Avda Vaeaan 3, PoL Ind. A , E-28100Acobes, Madi* Phone 1/6817085* Fax 916619698Jqm, Nippon io-Rad aor e K K, Sum o Soe Kaidok Bldg 536 Kadid, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 104 * Phone 03-3534-7665 * Fax 03-3534-8497T a.Ethnds Blo-Rd L iB. v., Foet 10, WKy Veein a * Phone 085-49066 * Fax 08385-42216

to, 1Blo-RedL toris A, Kan_ rs, 17, CH-8152Gtbug * Phone 01-810 16 77- Fax 01-810 19 33hl K m ,81-RdLaboratories Ltd., B0-Red House, Mayand Avenue, HemelHe1stead, Harts HP2 7TD. Phone 0442-232552- Fax 0442-259118ZWad,B0-RedLbo , P.O. Box 100-051, orh Sho Ml ConW, Aucand 10* Phone 098/4 99 Fax 09/443W7

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ical and social decisions because "it turns onthe goals of the society and what trade-offsare deemed acceptable."The third compilation, Assessing Ecologi-

cal Risks ofBiotechnology, focuses on ecolog-ical issues in its 17 chapters. Introductorychapters deal with the effects of biologicalintroductions on communities and plannedintroductions in the biological control ofarthropod and weed pests. I would havepreferred the use of microorganisms as ex-amples in these chapters, because the re-maining chapters focus on microorganisms.There are five chapters on the ecology andgenetics ofmicrobial populations, providingoverviews ofsurface transport ofmicroorga-nisms by water, soil and groundwater trans-port of microorganisms, aerial dispersal ofbacteria, transfer of genetic informationamong soil microorganisms, and genetic sta-bility in bacterial populations. There are alsochapters on modeling the dynamics of trans-posable elements, quantifying fitness andgene stability, quantifying risks of invasionof genetically engineered microorganisms,and quantifying the spread of recombinantgenes and organisms. Finally, there are fourchapters dealing with regulation (by theEnvironmental Protection Agency, the De-partment of Agriculture, and in the Europe-an Community) and a chapter on risk anal-ysis associated with biotechnology of wastetreatment.The final chapter is a provocative essay

"On making nature safe for biotechnology"by Mark Sagoff. In a wide-ranging discus-sion of ecological restoration, agriculturaleconomics, and history of agriculture,Sagoff presents scenarios for agriculture,forestry, and aquaculture that are revolu-tionized by biotechnology. He points outthat some fear biotechnology not becausesome genetic monster will be set loose butbecause "the nation will drown in a sea ofsurplus agriculture commodities." He isconcerned that "the unparalleled speed andmagnitude of the expected productivitygains" will overwhelm saturated world mar-kets and suggests that the issues have noth-ing to do with the unpredictable risks ofbiotechnology but concern the profitable,predictable, intentional, and successful ef-fects of biotechnology. Sagoff argues thatthe major effects of biotechnology will betwofold. First, many ecosystems may beconverted to species and processes suitableto large-scale, highly controlled production.Second, as agricultural surpluses begin to beseen as infinite, and as the factory replacesthe field as the location where food and fiberare fabricated, many farms will go out ofproduction, which will allow large tracts ofland to be restored to their "natural" state.

Sagoff argues that esthetic, moral, cultural,90

and historical arguments for preserving na-ture are being lost in the intricacies of arcanearguments over speculative risks and that thepolicy issue is whether increased efficiency ofproduction can be compatible with main-taining the integrity of the global environ-ment.The introduction into the environment of

genetically modified microorganisms andplants is considered by some to be a riskybusiness. In one sense, it is ironic that riskissues have played such a dominant role inagricultural biotechnology despite its histo-ry of self-regulation since the Asilomar con-ference in 1975. By the end of 1989, morethan 52 engineered plants and 56 engi-neered microbes had been released into theenvironment with no detectable harm.The debate on the role of biotechnology

in agriculture has expanded. Whether therevolution in agriculture that could resultfrom the use of genetically engineered mi-croorganisms and plants can be managed sothat cultural, historical, moral, and estheticvalues are upheld is the core of the problem.

MARjoRiE A. HoyDepartment ofEntomological Sciences,

University ofCalfornia,Berkeley, CA 94720

Reprints of BooksPreviously ReviewedDinosaur Tracks and Traces. David D. Gillette and

Martin G. Lockley, Eds. Cambridge University Press,New York, 1991. Paper, $29.95. Reviewed 247, 732(1990).Embryos, Genes, and Evolution. The Developmen-

tal-Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. Rudolf A.Raffand Thomas G. Kaufman. New introduction added.Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1991. $49.95;paper, $24.95. Reviewed 221, 257 (1983).

Books ReceivedAdvances in Neuroblastoma Research 3. Liss

(Wiley), New York, 1991. xxxii, 633 pp., illus. $150.Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, vol. 366.From a symposium, Philadelphia, PA, May 1990.AIDS. Anti-HIV Agents, Therapies, and Vaccines.

Vassil St. Georgiev and John J. McGowan, Eds. NewYork Academy of Sciences, New York, 1990. xvi, 634pp., illus. $163. Annals of the New York Academy ofSciences, vol. 616. From a conference, Arlington, VA,Nov. 1989.

Alternative Energy Sourcebook 1991. JohnSchaeffer, Ed. Real Goods Trading, Ukiah, CA, 1991.398 pp., illus. Paper, $14.Atom. Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos. Isaac

Asimov. Dutton (Penguin), New York, 1991. xii, 319pp., illus. $21.95. Truman Talley Books.

Blocatalysts for Industry. Jonathan S. Dordick, Ed.Plenum, New York, 1991. xvi, 330 pp., illus. $75.Topcin'Appled Chemistry.Biochemical Markers in the Population Geneticsof Forest Trees. S. Fineshci et al., Eds. SPB AcademicPublishing, the Hague, The Netherlands, 1991. vi, 251pp., illus. Paper, $47. From a meeting, Porano, Italy,Oct. 1988.

Calculus. James Stewart. 2nd ed. Brooks/Cole, PacificGrove, CA, 1991. xviii, 1086 pp., illus. $65.

Cell Communication in Health and Disease.Readings from Scientfict American Magazine. HowardRasmussen, Ed. Freeman, New York, 1991. xiv, 185 pp.,illus. Paper, $13.95.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Abul K. Ab-bas, Andrew H. Lichtman, and Jordan S. Pober. Saun-ders, Philadelphia, PA, 1991. xii, 417 pp., illus. Paper,$26.95.The Development and Neural Bases of Higher

Cognitive Functions. Adele Diamond, Ed. New YorkAcademy of Sciences, New York, 1990. lvi, 749 pp.,illus. Cloth or paper, $180. Annals of the new YorkAcademy of Sciences, vol. 608. From a conference,Philadelphia, PA, May 1989.A DIctIonary of Genetic. Robert C. King and

William D. Stansfield. 4th ed. Oxford University Press,New York, 1990. viii 406 pp., illus. $39.95; paper, $19.95.The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance

Treatment. Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcome.John C. Ball and Alan Ross. Springer-Verlag, New York,1991. xiv, 283 pp., illus. $59.Electronic Conduction In Oxides. N. Tsuda et al.

Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991. x, 323 pp., illus. $79.Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 94. Translatedform the Japanese edition (Tokyo, 1983) with revisions.

Exploring the Sun. Solar Science since Galileo. KarlHufbauer. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,MD, 1991. xviii, 370 pp., illus. $39.95. New Series inNASA History.

Fibrinogen, Thrombosis, Coagulation, and Fl-brinolysis. Chung Yuan Liu and Shu Chien, Eds.Plenum, New York, 1991. x, 450 pp., illus. $95. Ad-vances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 281.From a symposium, Taipei, R.O.C., Aug. 1989.

Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws. Minutes from anInfinite Paradise. Manfred Schroeder. Freeman, NewYork, 1991. xviii, 429 pp., illus., + plates. $32.95.Fundamental Astronomy. H. Karttunen et al., Eds.

Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991. xiv, 478 pp., illus.Paper, $34.95. Springer Study Edition. Reprint, 1987ed.

Hybrid Control Systems in Manufacturing. Ag-ostino Villa. Gordon and Breach, New York, 1991. xvi,231 pp., illus., + index. $80.Immunology. A Short Course. Eli Benjamini and

Sidney Leskowitz. 2nd ed. Liss (Wiley), New York,1991. xxvi, 459 pp., illus. Paper, $29.95.Knowing Children. Experiments in Conversation

and Cognition. Michael Siegal. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ,1991. x, 154 pp., illus. $32.50.Upid Biochemity. An Introduction. M. I. Gurr

and J. L. Harwood. 4th ed. Chapman and Hall, NewYork, 1991. viii, 406 pp., illus. $89.95; paper, $42.Luminescence and the Solid State. R. C. Ropp.

Elsevier, New York, 1991. xvi, 453 pp., illus. $185.50.Studies in Inorganic Chemistry, 12.The Magic of Numbers and Motion. The Scientific

Career of Ren6 Descartes. William R. Shea. ScienceHistory Publications (Watson), Canton, MA, 1991. xii,371 pp., illus. $54.95.Nomads in Archaeology. Roger Cribb. Cambridge

University Press, New York, 1991. xiv, 253 pp., illus.$54.50. New Studies in Archaeology.Organic Spectroscopy. William Kemp. 3rd ed.

Freeman, New York, 1991. xxii, 393 pp., illus. $34.95;paper, $24.95.

Particles and Waves. Historical Essays in the Phi-losophy of Science. Peter Achinstein. Oxford UniversityPress, New York, 1991. viii, 337 pp., illus. $49.95;paper, $24.95.Physics and the Rise of Scientific Research in

Canada. Yves Gingras. McGill-Queen's UniversityPress, Buffalo, NY, 1991. xii, 203 pp., illus. $37.50.Translated from the French by Peter Keating.The Structure of the Proton. Deep Inelastic Scatter-

ing. R. G. Roberts. Cambridge University Press, NewYork, 1991. x, 182 pp., illus. $49.50. Cambridge Mono-graphs on Mathematical Physics.The Surgical Solution. A History of Involuntary

Sterilization in the United States. Philip R. Reilly. JohnsHopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1991. xviii,190 pp. $19.95.Taking Society's Measure. A Personal History of

Survey Research. Herbert H. Hyman. Hubert J. O'Gor-man, Ed. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1991.xxiv, 257 pp. $34.95.The Unified Field Theory's Principles of Dimen-

sional Relativity. Shawn Jade. Carlton, New York,1991. 261 pp., illus. $18.95. A Hearthstone Book.Visualization. The Second Computer Revolution.

Richard Mark Friedhoff and William Benzon. Freeman,New York, 1991. 215 pp., illus. Paper, $25.95. Reprint,1989 ed.

SCIENCE, VOL. 253