Section V______________________________________________

Glossary

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Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

SW Sea WaterR.O. Reverse OsmosisPVC Poly Vinyl ChlorideSDI Silt Density IndexTDS Total Dissolved SolidsPSI Pound per Square InchM3/D Cubic meters per dayM3/H Cubic meters per hourMg/L Milligrams per literppm Parts per million°C Degree centigrade

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GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Activated Carbon : Specially treated carbon used to remove chlorine and organic matter.

Backwash : Reverse flow of water through a multimedia filter to expand bed and remove trapped sediment.

Bacteria : Microscopic single celled plants living in soil, plants, water, and animals. A specific cause of disease.

Sea Water : Saline water with high TDS value.

Brine (Reject) Water : The high saline stream rejected from the R.O. Membrane to the drain.

Calcium Carbonate : (CaCO3), Calcium salt, the common R.O. membrane scaling material.

Calcium Sulfate : (CaSO4), Calcium salt, a scaling material precipitated by the use of sulfuric acid.

Chlorine : A gas with a strong odor, an oxidant, used as a bleach and disinfectant in water, damaging to most R.O. membranes.

Cleaning Chemicals : Chemicals used to remove mineral, organic scales and fouling materials from R.O. membranes.

Cleaning Cycle : Method used to circulate cleaning chemicals inside the entire cleaning

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process.

Conductivity : The ability to conduct electricity (measure of salinity), usually expressed in micro siemens/ cm.

Conversion : Product water flow rate divided by feed water flow rate.

Differential Pressure : Feed pressure less effluent pressure across filters or R.O. membranes.

Dissolved Solid : The smallest impurities in water as single molecules or ions.

Distributor : Piping assembly in bottom of multimedia filters to collect and discharge filtered water.

Feed water : Water entering any equipment, i.e. filter, membrane,…etc.

Flow meter : Device for measuring the flow of water through a pipe.

Flux : Flow through a R/O membrane per unit time.

Fouling : Scales precipitating on the membrane surface decreasing the flux and/or increasing salt passage.

Hardness : Calcium and magnesium concentration in water expressed as ppm CaCO3.

Inorganic : Mineral base substance.

Log sheet : A record of all operational data normally taken daily.

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Membrane : Reverse Osmosis membrane for desalinating water.

Micron : Unit of Measure – 0.001 mm.

Mineral : An inorganic element or compound found in nature.

Organic : Hydrocarbon compounds similar to those found in nature.

Oxidant : A chemical that frees oxygen, e.g., chlorine.

Permeate Water : Product potable water.

pH : Measure of acidity-alkalinity in range of 0-14 with 7 being neutral, 0-7 acidic, 7-14 alkaline.

Plant Recovery : Expressed in (%), this is product flow multiplied by 100 and divided by feed flow

Potable : Suitable for human use as drinking water according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards.

PPM : Parts per million

Pressure Drop : Inlet pressure less effluent pressure or any drop in pressure due to friction or any restrictions

Productivity : Product water flow.

Raw Water : Feed water without any treatment

Reverse Osmosis : A process used for producing drinking water from saline water.

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Salinity : The measurement of salts or total dissolved solids in water, usually expressed in mg/L or ppm.

Salt Passage : Amount of salt from the feed water being passed into the product water.

Selectivity : The membrane ability for passing pure water only and rejecting any salts contained in the feed water.

Semi-Permeable : Allowing some dissolved solids to pass and some to be rejected.

Spiral Wound : Membrane sheets that wrapped around a product tube

Suspended : Any impurities in water with particle size 1 micron and more.

Ultra Violet : A wave length of light or radiation capable of killing bacteria content in the feed water.

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