5-6 Resume Kuliah Stainless Steel

7/23/2019 5-6 Resume Kuliah Stainless Steel

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

University of Indonesia

Semester Ganjil 2015-201

Baja Tahan Karat(Feritic Stainless Steel)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

Kuliah Baja Paduan dan Super Alloy



University of

Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Schaefler Diagram



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Key Points:

Over 150 grades of SS available, usually

categorized into 5 series containing alloys w

si!ilar "ro"erties#

$ISI classes for SS: %00 series & c'ro!iu!, nic(el,!anganese )austenitic*

+00 series & c'ro!iu!, nic(el )austenitic*

00 series & c'ro!iu! only )ferritic*

500 series & low c'ro!iu! -1%. )!artensitic* /00 series & Preci"itation 'ardened series )1P2, 1

P2, 155P2*



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Standard Stainless Steel



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00 Series SS )3erritic*:

3erritic! "utomotive tri!, #$emi#al pro#essing, blades,

(nives, s"rings, ball bearings, surgi#al instruments# 4an

be 'eat treated

4ontain between 10%5& and 2'& (r , little )i and usually

moly*denum%

4o!!on grades: 164r%7o, %/4r17o, %84r7o, and %84r7o%9i

Magneti# )'ig' in 3e content* and !ay rust due to iron

content#

+o,er strengt$ vs +00 series austenitic grades

($eap



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Ferritic Stainless Steel (Generasi I)

KO7POSISI KI7I$ 3:;;I<I4 S<$I9=:SS S<::= >:9:;$SI I

KO7POSISI ?< .

U9S <@P: 4 4r 7o =$I9%

S,%800 ,%8 0#1% 1,#01/#0

S,+000 ,+0 0#1% 1/#016#0

S,+0%0 ,+03 0#1% 1/#016#0 0#/ 0#0/PA0#15 !in S

S,+0%+ ,+03Se 0#1% 1/#016#0 0#15 !in Se

S,+,00 ,+, 0#1% 1/#016#0 0#51#%5

S,+/00 ,+/ 0#1% 1/#016#0 0#51#%5 9bB<a & 5C.4 !in

S,,%00 ,,% 0#% 16#0%+#0

S,,/00 ,,/ 0#% %+#0%#0



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Ferritic Stainless Steel (Generasi II)

KO7POSISI KI7I$ 3:;;I<I4 S<$I9=:SS S<::= >:9:;$SI IIKO7POSISI ?< .

U9S <@P: 4 4r 7o 9i =$I9%

S0500 05 0#06 11#51#5 0#10#+ $l

S0800 08 0#06 10#511#5 0#5 <i & /C4!in to 0#5.!aC

084b 0#0% 1%#5 0#% 0# 9bS100 1 0#0% 16 0#+ 0# 9b, 0#+ <i

$=++ 0#0% 18 0#+ 0# 9b, 0#5 Si, 0# 4u

$=// 0#01 11#5 0#% 0#% 9b, 0#1 <i

$=/6 0#01 16#% 0#% 0#% 9b, 0#1 <i

@US+/S 0#01 1# 1#% 0#% <i

S+0+5 +8 0#0 118 0#5 <i & 0#% B )4B9*!in to 1#0!aC

1%S; 0#% 1% 1#% $l, 0#+ <i

16S; 0#0 16 %#0 $l, 0# <i

K180 0/ 0#0/ 1%#01#0 0#5 %#5 #%5 $l , 0#/ <i



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$"li(asi 3erritic Stainless Steel

"pliasi SS ./0

Produ( 3lat ;olled )"late, s'eet and coil*

;efrigerator cabinet "anels

=inings for dis' was'ers

"pliasi SS .0

$uto!otive eC'aust syste!s

4atalytic converters



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•Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11%chromium, 8% nickel.•Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile ehausts;ferritic !iron"chromium only#.• $ype 1&—martensitic !high-strength iron"chromium#. 'ear-

resistant, but less corrosion-resistant.•Type 416—easy to machine due to additional sulfur• $ype (&—)utlery *rade martensitic; similar to the +rearleysoriginal rustless steel. cellent polishability.•Type 430—decoratie, e.g., for automotie trim; ferritic. *oodformability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion

resistance.• $ype &—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon,allowing for much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. /t can be hardened to approimately 0ockwell 8hardness, making it one of the hardest stainless steels. 2ue toits toughness and relatiely low cost, most display-only and

replica swords or knies are made of & stainless. 3lso knownas ra4or blade steel. 3ailable in four grades5 &3, &+,&), and the uncommon &6 !free machinable#. &3,haing the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; &), haing the most, is the strongest and is usuallyconsidered more desirable in knifemaking than &3, ecept

for diing or other salt-water applications.• $ e 7—6or eleated tem erature serice

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_pipe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_pipe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile






Baja Tahan Karat(Austenitic Stainless Steel)





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$ustenitic Stainless Steels

Sifat- Sifat enting

4'ro!iu!nic(el steel diguna(an secara luas dandi(enal dengan na!a 166 )4r9i* steel

U!u!nya (eta'an (orosi sangat bai(#

Kecuali "ada ling(ungan ('lorida Keta'anan "anas bai(

(eta'anan cree" dan o(sidasi "ada te!"eratur tinggiyang bai(#

Ketanggu'annya bai( )"ada <e!" tinggi dan renda'* Ke(uatan renda' 'ingga !oderat# Keuletan dan !a!"u bentu( bai(# 7a!"u las bai(# 9on 7agneti( 2arga relatif tinggi )sebab !engandung 9i(el*

ipial3 14&(r! 4&)i! 60%1&(



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%00+00 Series SS )$ustenitic*:

D Most #ommon SS 7roug$ly '0& of total SS produ#tion8

D Used for flatware, coo(ware, arc'itecture, auto!otive, etc#

D 0#15. 4 )!aC*, 1/. 4r )!in* and 9i or 7anganese

D $ustenitic, 2ig' strengt', best corrosion resistance# 2ig' te!" ca"ability

u" to 1%00 3# non!agnetic, good ductility and toug'ness, not 'ardenable

by 'eat treat!ent, but t'ey can be strengt'ened via cold wor(ing, best

corrosion resistance but !ost eC"ensive, corrosive in 'ydroc'loric acid#

D >eneral use w'ere corrosion resistance is needed#

D ypi#al alloy 14& (r and 10& )i 9 #ommonly no,n as 14:10 stainless

$lso 'ave low carbon version of $ustenitic SS )+1/= or +0=* used to avoidcorrosion "roble! caused by welding, = & carbon content - 0#0+.



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Aplikasi Austenitic SS

Sangat luas# "i"es, 'eat

eCc'angers, tan(s for

food, c'e!ical,"'ar!aceutical,offs'ore and "a"erindustries#

EaFa dengan "aduanyang lebi' tinggi untu(ling(ungan yang lebi'agresif#



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Penggunaan Austenitic SS

4'loride containing environ!ents

2eat eCc'anger tubes

Pi"e syste!s wit'in Off s'ore

4'e!ical and Petroc'e!ical

2ydro!etallurgy Gesalination



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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI ";S ;elding <and*oo

• ype — g y uct e or orme pro ucts so ar ens rap y



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ype — g y uct e, or orme pro ucts. so ar ens rap yduring mechanical working. *ood weldability. +etter wear resistanceand fatigue strength than &.• $ype &(—same corrosion resistance as &, with slightly higherstrength due to additional carbon.• $ype &—free machining ersion of & ia addition of sulfur and

phosphorus. 3lso referred to as 9319 in accordance with /: &7.<1&=

• $ype &—the most common grade; the classic 18"8 stainless steel.3lso referred to as 93(9 in accordance with /: &7.<1&= • $ype &>— same as the & grade but contains less carbon toincrease weldability. /s slightly weaker than &.• $ype &>?—same as &>, but also nitrogen is added to obtain amuch higher yield and tensile strength than &>.

• $ype &8—used as the @ller metal when welding &• $ype &A—better temperature resistance than &, also sometimesused as @ller metal when welding dissimilar steels, along with inconel.• $ype 17—the second most common grade !after &#; for food andsurgical stainless steel uses; alloy addition of molybdenum preentsspeci@c forms of corrosion. /t is also known as marine grade stainlesssteel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared totype &. 17 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants.17> is an etra low carbon grade of 17, generally used in stainlesssteel watches and marine applications due to its high resistance tocorrosion. 3lso referred to as 939 in accordance with /: &7.<1&= 17$iincludes titanium for heat resistance, therefore it is used in Beiblechimney liners.•

$ype (1—similar to & but lower risk of weld decay due to addition oftitanium. :ee also C with addition of niobium for desensiti4ation



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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI ";S ;elding <and*oo



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Sifat Mekanik Austenitic SS



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Sifat 7e(ani( $ustenitic SS



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Sifat Mekanik Austenitic SS



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$usteniti( Stainless Steel






Baja Tahan Karat

(Duplex Stainless Steel)





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P'ase Giagra! of Gu"leC SS



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Gu"leC Stainless Steel



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7etallurgy of Gu"leC SS

Sela!a solidification, du"leC "erta!a (ali

!e!bentu( ferrite

Pada "enurununan te!"eratur austenite terbentu(

Pada cast du"leC a structure of austenite islands in a ferrite !atriC )dar(*

Pada wroug't alloys

t'e !icrostructure 'as a !or"'ology of lat's of

austenite in ferrite !atriC )dar(*



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<y"ical 7icrostructure of Gu"leC SS

)wroug't and cast*

?roug't

cast

3errite :

gela"

$utenite :

terang



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7icrostructure of Gu"leC SS

Gu"leC stainless steels 'ave !icrostructures

a !iCture of austenite and ferrite

The microstructure shows animage of a duplex 3RE60 grade

ferrite



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3errite P'ase

Keberadaan ferrite dala! austenite !enyebab(an:

better intergranular corrosion resistance and

stress corrosion crac(ing resistance

Gibanding(an dengan Haustenitic stainless steel <eta"i (eberadaan ferrite dala! austenite Fuga:

7enyebab(an terFadinya rea(si "e!bentu(an berbagai

variety of secondary "'ases )(eras dan brittle*,

Eera(ibat ter'ada" corrosion resistance !ec'anical "ro"erties )('ususnya i!"act toug'ness*



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$""lication of Gu"leC SS

4'e!ical "rocessing, trans"ort and storage Oil and gas eC"loration, offs'ore rigs and refining 7arine environ!ents Pollution control eJui"!ent Pul" "a"er industry Gesalination "lants and seawater syste!s

Pressure vessels, reactor tan(s and 'eat eCc'angers ;otors, i!"ellers and s'afts in industrial eJui"!ent Gigesters, storage and clarifier tan(s, stoc( was'ers

for t'e "ul" and "a"er industry $bsorber towers, 3>G syste!s in "ollution control



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>rou" of Gu"leC Stainless Steel

1# =ean du"leC, %+0 )S+%+0*, w'ic' contain little or free of 7o 3e%+4r9i0#19

%# Standard %%05 )S+%%05* for !ore t'an 60. of du"leC use

3e%+4r5#59i+7o0#159 P;9 & +0 +/ )Pitting ;esistant IndeC*

+# 2ig' alloy %5 .4r du"leC suc' as %55 )S+%550* and S+1%/0 3e%54r59i%#57o0#194u P;9 & +% 0

# Su"erdu"leC, wit' %5%/ .4r and increased 7o and 9 suc' as %50 )S+%50* 3e%54r9i+#57o0#%59?4u P;9 L 0



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Pitting ;esistance IndeC

4o!"osition also "lays a !aFor

role in t'e corrosion resistance of

du"leC stainless steels#



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Pitting ;esistance IndeC

4 4r 9i 7o 9 Ot'ers

0#0%0 %5 #0 #% S&0#001

Seri 250' P;9 & M4r.N B +#+ M7o.N B 1/ M9.N 0

4 4r 9i 7o 9 Ot'ers

0#0%0 %+ 0#% 0#1 S & 0#001

Seri 2/0. P;9 )4r.* B +#+ )7o.* & 1/ )9.* %

4 4r 9i 7o 9 Ot'ers

0#0%0 %%#1 5#/ +#1 0#16 S&0#001

Seri 2205 P;9 & M4r.N & +#+ M7o.N & 1/ M9.N +



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<E DU+E= S"I)+ESS SEE+S >"MI+?<E DU+E= S"I)+ESS SEE+S >"MI+?

(omposition

Grade &

?S @p 0!2

7Mpa8

US:@m

7Mpa8"& US" EU

U@ /5) 72/0.8 L 00 L /00 L %5 +%+0 +/%

U@ .5) 722058 L 60 L /60 L %5 +160+, +%%05B$8%+

/%

U@ .')A:52)A

7250'8L 5/0 L /0 L %5

+%50

+%550+%5%0

10

50

(ompositionGrade 7&8 ( (r )i Mo (u ) @E)

(orrosion

resistan#e similar

to

U@ /5) 72/0.8 0,0% %+ L 0,1 0,% 0,1% L % +1/=

U@ .5) 722058 0,0% %% 5, +,1 0,16 +++/+1=, +1=79,

80

U@ .')A:52)A

7250'8

0,0% %5,5 +, 1,5 0,%5 L0 80=, /7O



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<IG< S@E)G<

Gu"leC stainless steels yield strengt' rangeGu"leC stainless steels yield strengt' range

fro! 007"a )U; +59* to 5/07"a )U; 5%9B*fro! 007"a )U; +59* to 5/07"a )U; 5%9B*

"SM"SM

7.')A8 /25507.')A8 /2550

752)A8 /2'50752)A8 /2'50

7B258 /125.

/1'+M) 0.+

/0.+

/1'+

/1+

.0

50

0

'0

40

?ield strengt$ ?ield strengt$

7Csi87Csi8

/0

20

7/5)8 /2/0.7/5)8 /2/0.

7.5)8 /140/7.5)8 /140/

/2205/2205

D U 1 + E =

$ustenitic

EU StandardEU Standard

D U 1 +

E =

7.' )A8 ..107.' )A8 ..10

752 )A8 .50'752 )A8 .50'

7.5 )8 ..27.5 )8 ..2

7/5 )8 ./27/5 )8 ./2

7B28 .52

7B258 .5.' ../

7B8 .5/

..0. ./0' 200

/00

.00

500

00

@p 0%2&@p 0%2&

7M"87M"8

$ustenitic

S(<"E>>+E@ DE+)G Di



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S(<"E>>+E@-DE+)G DiagramS(<"E>>+E@-DE+)G Diagram



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S@ESS (@@SI) (@"(CI)GS@ESS (@@SI) (@"(CI)G

Constant-strain tests in autoclave Above the curve, SCC occurs.Open circles mean no SCC for UNS32520U! 52N "

#uple$ stainless steels behave much betterthan austenitic stainless steels

0 32

100 2%0

200 3&0

/00

(

0%001 0%1 10 (l- 7&8

A'S' 30(

U! 35N

U! (5N

U! 52N "

No crac)in*

5+0

A'S' 3%

@E(II"I)S BSE@FED I) >U)(I) > IME ")D@E(II"I)S BSE@FED I) >U)(I) > IME ")D



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@E(II"I)S BSE@FED I) >U)(I) > IME ")D@E(II"I)S BSE@FED I) >U)(I) > IME ")D

EME@"U@EEME@"U@E

7U@ .5 ) - ..28

1 10 100 1000 104s

1 10 100 1000 104h 105hHours

0

300

500

800

1000

1200

1400

S">E SE@FI(E @")GE (- 50, 300°C)

+)G E@M SE@FI(E ⇒ EMB@I+EME)α −−> α 'Cu --> EMB@I+EME)Maimum servi#e limit

α −−−> σ

α −−−> χ

<eat treatment (α = = 50

)

In#rease of ferrite #ontent

>E@@IE 100 &

(Se#onds)

emperature 7(8

ime

+; EME@"U@E B@I+E)ESS ( <- 50°C)

2eat treat!ent

range

D )

USE






Baja Tahan Karat

(Martensitic Stainless Steel)





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500 Series SS )7artensitic*:

9ot as corrosion resistant as t'e ot'er classes but

eCtre!ely strong and toug' as well as !ac'ineable and

can be 'ardened via 'eat treat#

2ig' strengt' structural a""lications )Su u" to +00 (si* Q

nuclear "lants, s'i"s, steel turbine blades, tools, etc#

7agnetic



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7artensitic Stainless Steel

7eru"a(an "aduan c'ro!iu!dan (arbon yang !engala!idistorsi stru(tur (ristal bcc)body centered cubic* "adasaat "roses "engerasannya#

Ko!"osisi :

4r : 10,5 Q 16 . 4 : L1,% .

Sifat :

ferro!agneti(

'ardenable

ta'an ter'ada" (orosi "dling(ungan tertentu



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Penggunaan 7artensiti( SS



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Penggunaan 7artensiti( SS



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<i"e 7artensitic Stainless Steel

410

410 S 403414431 420 440 C416

422

420 F 440 A

416 Se 440 B



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University of

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7artensiti( Stainless Steel

•Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11%h i 8% i k l



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chromium, 8% nickel.•Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile ehausts;ferritic !iron"chromium only#.•Type 410—martensitic !high-strength iron"chromium#. 'ear-resistant, but less corrosion-resistant.•Type 416—easy to machine due to additional sulfur•Type 420—Cutlery ra!e martensitic; similar to the+rearleys original rustless steel. cellent polishability.•Type 430—decoratie, e.g., for automotie trim; ferritic. *oodformability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion

resistance.•Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon,allowing for much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. /t can be hardened to approimately 0ockwell 8hardness, making it one of the hardest stainless steels. 2ue toits toughness and relatiely low cost, most display-only and

replica swords or knies are made of & stainless. 3lso knownas ra4or blade steel. 3ailable in four grades5 &3, &+,&), and the uncommon &6 !free machinable#. &3,haing the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; &), haing the most, is the strongest and is usuallyconsidered more desirable in knifemaking than &3, ecept

for diing or other salt-water applications.• $ e 7—6or eleated tem erature serice



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Baja Tahan Karat(Precipitation HardeningStainless Steel)



/00 S i P i it ti 2 d i



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/00 Series Preci"itation 2ardening

7artensitic SS:

2ave #orrosion resistan#e co!"orable to +00 series austenticgrades but can be "reci"itation 'ardened for in#reased strengt$

Key: 2ig' strengt' B corrosion resistance EO<2#

?'yR $eros"ace industry Q defense budgets deter!ined %. of

>GP s"ent dealing wit' corrosion so develo"ed 'ig' strengt'corrosion resistant steel to re"lace alloy steels#

=oc('eed7artin oint Stri(er 3ig'ter Q 1st aircraft to use P2 SS

for entire airfra!e# 4o!!on >rades:

/+0 grade & 1 P2 )1. 4r, . 9i*,

1 P2,

155 P2



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Preci"itation 2ardening SS

re#ipitation $ardening stainless steel

pertama ali diem*angan pada ta$un

1.0 ole$ United State Steel (orporation

"danya chromium dan nic)el yang terdapat dalam*aja dapat men#iptaan very $ig$ tensile

strengt$s%

Ceuntungan *aja ini adala$ dapat di*uat pada

dalam ondisi Hsolution treated% Dapat dierasan dengan proses HageingH yang

dapat mengurangi distorsi pada omponen%



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Preci"itation 2ardening SS



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$ustenitic P2SS

"lloy 4 7n P S Si 4r 9i 7o $l T <i

"-24 0#05 1#,5 0#0+ 0#0% 0#5 1,#5 %5#%5 1#+0 0#15 0#+ %#151'-10 0#1 0#/ 0#+ 0#0, 0#5 1#0 11#0

#$emistry #omposition of austeniti# pre#ipitation $ardening stainless steel

"lloy Ulti!ate tensile stress)7Pa*

@ield strengt')7"a*

:longation).*

;eduction area).*

2ardness)E29*

"-24 10+, /80 %5 ,0 +,1'-10 86/ // %0 +% +1

Me#$ani#al properties of austeniti# pre#ipitation $ardening stainless steel



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Se!iaustenitic P2SS

"lloy 4 7n Si 4r 9i 7o

1'-'< 0#0 0#50 0#+0 1#0 #115-'Mo 0#0 0/0 0#+0 15#% #1 %#%1.-4Mo 0#0, 0#0% 0#0% 15#1 6#% %#%"M-/50 0#10 0#5 0#+5 15#5 ,#+5 %#5"M-/55

0#1+ 0#65 0#+5 15#5 ,#%5 %#5


@ield strengt')7"a*

:longation).*

2ardness)E29*

1'-'< 1+8 1%/ 8 ,+15-'Mo 1/55 1551 / ,61.-4Mo 156/ 1,%6 / ,6"M-/50 1,%0 1%0 1% ,/"M-/55 1510 1%,6 1+ ,6

Me#$ani#al properties of semi-austeniti# pre#ipitation $ardening stainless steel

($emistry #omposition semi-austeniti# pre#ipitaion $ardening stainless steel



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7artensitic P2SS

"lloy 4 7n Si 4r 9i 7o $l 4u <i

Moderate strengt$

1'-.< 0#0, 0#+0 0#/0 1/#0 ,#% +#,15-5< 0#0, 0#+0 0#0, 1/#0 ,#5 +#,

(ustom .50 0#0+ 0#%5 0#%5 15#0 /#0 0#6 1#5Stainless ; 0#0/ 0#50 0#50 1/#5 /#%5 0#% 0#6

<ig$ strengt$<1/-4 Mo 0#0, 0#0+ 0#0+ 1%# 6#% %#% 1#1(ustom .55 0#0+ 0#%5 0#%5 11#5 6#5 %#5 1#%

($emistry #omposition of martensiti# pre#ipitation $ardening stainless steel



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7artensitic P2SS


@ield strengt')7"a*

:longation).*

2ardness)E29*

7oderate strengt'1'-.< 1+10 1%0 1, ,%15-5Mo 1+10 1%0 1, ,%

(ustom .50 1+51 1%/8 1, ,%Stainless ; 1+,5 1%,1 10 ,%

2ig' strengt'

<1/-4 Mo 1551 1,,6 1% ,(ustom .55 1/68 1/%0 10 ,8

Me#$ani#al properties of martensiti# pre#ipitation $ardening stainless steel



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$"li(asi P2 Stainless Steel

$"li(asi "reci"itation 'ardening stainless

steel :

$eros"ace 'ardware

$%6/ 'ig' te!" untu( !esin Fet

<urbin w'eel

3an

3astener

Strengt' and Guctility of



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Strengt' and Guctility of

Stainless Steel



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<oug'ness of Stainless Steel



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Pro"erties of Stainless Steel

"lloy Group Magneti#@esponse1

;or <ardening@ate

(orrosion@esistan#e2

<ardena*le

"usteniti# Generally )o Fery <ig$ <ig$ By (old ;or

Duple ?es Medium Fery <ig$ )o

>erriti# ?es Medium Medium )o

Martensiti# ?es Medium Medium Juen#$ K emper

re#ipitation<ardening

?es Medium Medium "ge <arden

"lloy Group Du#tility<ig$ emperature

@esistan#e+o, emperature

@esistan#e/ ;elda*ility

"usteniti# Fery <ig$ Fery <ig$ Fery <ig$ Fery <ig$

Duple Medium +o, Medium <ig$

>erriti# Medium <ig$ +o, +o,

Martensiti# +o, +o, +o, +o,

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University of

Indonesia




University of

Indonesia

Documents

5-6 Resume Kuliah Stainless Steel