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Using MIS 4eChapter 5

Database Processing

Course Objectives

Objective 1:

Understand information system concepts including input, processing, and output, data and information.

Objective 2:

Understand information system components including hardware, software, databases and telecommunications.

Objective 10:

Be able to use common personal productivity tools.

Objective 11:

Be able to create a database using a relational DBMS such as Access. Demonstrate the ability to create reports, queries and join two tables in the DBMS.

What is a database?

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What is a database?

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Database: a collection of data, representing things that exist in the real world, and what we want to know about them.

What is a database?

Table represents an entity – a person, place, thing, event also called file collection of related rows of data

Field describes one characteristic of the entity (name, birth date, phone

number, etc.) also called column related fields are grouped into rows

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Rows

Columns

What is the advantage of a database?

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Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently

What is the advantage of a database?

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Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently

Why not just use a spreadsheet?

Name A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

Exa

m 1

Exa

m 2

A

cces

s 1

Acc

ess

2A

cces

s 3

Pro

ject

Allen, James 5 5 5 4 5 2.5 5 82.5 0.0 15 14 15 48.5

Burke, Mike 5 5 5 4.5 5 5 5 88.0 0.0 14 15 12 48

Grandinetti, Alana 5 5 5 3.8 5 5 84.0 0.0 14 15 27.5

Gwynne, Matthew 5 5 5 5 5 5 78.0 0.0 15 15 13 49

Miller, Joann 3.5 5 5 4 5 5 5 79.0 0.0 15 12.5 14 47.5

Riordan, Erica 5 5 5 5 68.0 0.0 15 13.5 44.5

Santana, Steven 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 93.0 0.0 15 14 15 46.5

Database or Spreadsheet?

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Read the Guide on pages 158 - 159

Discuss the questions in a small group (questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

What is the advantage of a database?

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Why not just use a spreadsheet?

Name A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

Exa

m 1

Exa

m 2

A

cces

s 1

Acc

ess

2A

cces

s 3

Pro

ject

Allen, James 5 5 5 4 5 2.5 5 82.5 0.0 15 14 15 48.5

Burke, Mike 5 5 5 4.5 5 5 5 88.0 0.0 14 15 12 48

Grandinetti, Alana 5 5 5 3.8 5 5 84.0 0.0 14 15 27.5

Gwynne, Matthew 5 5 5 5 5 5 78.0 0.0 15 15 13 49

Miller, Joann 3.5 5 5 4 5 5 5 79.0 0.0 15 12.5 14 47.5

Riordan, Erica 5 5 5 5 68.0 0.0 15 13.5 44.5

Santana, Steven 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 93.0 0.0 15 14 15 46.5

Relational Database

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By eliminating the duplicate data, we eliminate data integrity problems.

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Relational Database

Splitting the banking data into separate tables allows each table to represent a single topic or theme.

Connections between tables are called relationships.

A primary key identifies a unique row in a table

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Relational Database

A primary key is linked to a matching field on another table to create a relationship

The matching field is known as a foreign key

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Relational Database

How will a business determine whether they need a database or a spreadsheet?

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o Is the data for long-term storage (as opposed to a work-in-progress)?

o Do multiple people need access to the data? (at the same time?)

o Do we need controls on the data to protect against erroneous entries?

o Is a large part of the data redundant?

o Are we trying to track a simple list of data?

o Do we want to easily create charts and graphs?

o Do we need to crunch numbers and perform automatic calculations?

o Do we need to create "What-if" scenarios ?

Database!

Spreadsheet!

How will a business determine what tables and relationships are needed?

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Database design using data modeling

Users and developers would work together to design a data model Why?

A data model represents real business data and real relationships between business entities

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ChapterID

Chapter NameInception DateAdvisorURL

Member ID

First NameLast NameAddressCityStatePostal CodePhoneEmailMajor….

CHAPTER MEMBER

An entity-relationship data model (ERD) shows… entities that will be represented in the database relationships between those entities

Entities something we want to track (people, things, places, events) can be a physical object or a logical transaction have attributes that describe its ________. Example?

Identifier an attribute whose value is associated with one and only one occurrence

of the entity Example?

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Database design using data modeling

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Database design using data modeling

Customer Name Address City State Zip Account # Loan# Loan Type

Safe Deposit

Box

1Chad Johnson 85 Bengal Rd Cincinnati OH 62412 91772 51-642 Mortgage 101

2Chad Ocho Cinco 85 Bengals Road Cincinnati OH 62412 91772 87-719 Business 105

3Mike Sorrentino 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807 97525  

4Combs, Sean 50 Dukes Dr Harrisonburg VA 22807 970129     

5Mike Sorrentino (The Situation) 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807      234

6P.Diddy 50 Duke Dr Harrisonburg VA 22807 930521 51-956 Mortgage 101

7John Mellancamp 617 Main St Seymour IN 67844  47-8569 Auto 712

8Sean Combs 50 Dukes Drive Harrisonburg VA 22807 9423574     101

9John Cougar Mellancamp 261 Bluestone Dr Seymour IN 67844 964117     214

10Mike Sorentino 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807 97525     

11Puff Daddy 50 Duke Dr Harrisonburg VA 22802 970129 87-635 Business 101

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Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Account

Account

Account

Account

Account

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

SD Box

SD Box

SD Box

SD Box

Database design using data modeling

Relationships between entities can be… one-to-one – 1:1 one-to-many – 1:N many-to-many – N:M

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Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Account

Account

Account

Account

Account

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

Transactions

SD Box

SD Box

SD Box

SD Box

Safe Deposit Box

Customer Account Transactions

Database design using data modeling

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Customer Account Transactions

Database design using data modeling

With a partner, continue creating the data model for the bank example, including the loans. Show entities, identifiers, attributes.

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Customer Name Address City State Zip Account # Loan# Loan Type

Safe Deposit

Box

1Chad Johnson 85 Bengal Rd Cincinnati OH 62412 91772 51-642 Mortgage 101

2Chad Ocho Cinco 85 Bengals Road Cincinnati OH 62412 91772 87-719 Business 105

3Mike Sorrentino 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807 97525  

4Combs, Sean 50 Dukes Dr Harrisonburg VA 22807 970129     

5Mike Sorrentino (The Situation) 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807      234

6P.Diddy 50 Duke Dr Harrisonburg VA 22807 930521 51-956 Mortgage 101

7John Mellancamp 617 Main St Seymour IN 67844  47-8569 Auto 712

8Sean Combs 50 Dukes Drive Harrisonburg VA 22807 9423574     101

9John Cougar Mellancamp 261 Bluestone Dr Seymour IN 67844 964117     214

10Mike Sorentino 800 S Main Harrisonburg VA 22807 97525     

11Puff Daddy 50 Duke Dr Harrisonburg VA 22802 970129 87-635 Business 101

This is a credit assignment – make sure everyone gets their name on the sheet that you turn in. Clear and legible writing is required.

Using databases to answer business questions

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Using queries, we can ask questions of the database results will always be based on current data less time managing data – more time using the information to make

business decisions

Can we answer these questions?  

   

How many accounts does Sean Combs have?

Who is the customer for account 91772?  

What is John Mellancamp's address?  

Can we easily see how many customers we actually have?

What are the components of a database application system?

To be useful, data in a database table must be easily managed and turned into useful information.

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What are the components of a database application system?

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What are the components of a database application system?

A DBMS is a software program, and a database is a collection of tables, relationships and metadata. Popular DBMS products include:

With DBMS, users… create or modify tables and relationships read, insert, modify, or delete data

Structured Query Language (SQL), standard language used by most major DBMS

administer a database What kinds of tasks might this include?

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How do database applications make databases more useful?

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How do database applications make databases more useful?

Applications allow database processing over the Internet. http://www.Amazon.com

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How do database applications make databases more useful?

A single database can support multiple users doing many different tasks. must be managed properly to avoid problems:

Potential update loss because two users update same data at the same time Possible data conflicts

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Enterprise DBMS can support thousands of users Many different database applications 24/7 operations DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

How do database applications make databases more useful?

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Personal DBMS Smaller, simpler applications Fewer than 100 users Microsoft Access is both a DBMS and application

development product

Fig 5-14 Personal Database System

How is a data model transformed into a database design?

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Customer Account

How is a data model transformed into a database design?

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What are the problems with this data? How is the data in this table related?

How many Justin Lee’s are there? What other activities do we offer? What happens to pitch/catch if Amanda Liddle drops out? What if the price of golf lessons changes?

Converting a poorly structured table into two or more well-structured tables is called normalization.

Lessons Table Name Activity1 Cost1 Activity2 Cost2Justin Lee Swimming $ 48.00 Amanda Liddle Tennis $ 56.00 Pitch/Catch $ 112.00 Lisa Williams Golf $ 89.00 Justin Lee Tennis $ 56.00 Golf $ 89.00

How is a data model transformed into a database design?

Normalizing the tables by splitting the Student data into a separate table allows each table to describe a single topic or theme.

By eliminating the duplicate data, you eliminate data integrity problems.

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Students Activities Student ID Name Activity Cost

100 Justin Lee Swimming $ 48.00 127 Amanda Liddle Tennis $ 56.00 152 Lisa Williams Soccer $ 48.00 156 Justin Lee Golf $ 89.00

Pitch/Catch $ 112.00

Student/ActivityStudent Activity Amt Paid

100 Swimming $ 48.00 127 Tennis $ 56.00 127 Pitch/Catch 0 152 Golf $ 89.00 156 Tennis $ 56.00 156 Golf $ 89.00

What is the user's role in the development of databases?

The user’s role is to decide what data should be included and how records should relate to one

another be the final judge of how well the database will serve your needs. Do not go

forward until the data model is accurate.

When is the best time to change the way a database is structured?

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Identify business rules