4_SolarRadiation_2010

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4SOLAR RADIATION


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Description of electromagnetic radiation:

Wave character(wavelength , frequency )

Particle character: photon (energy h)

= c

1 hch

q

=

c (speed of light in vacuum) = 2.998 108

m/s

q (elementary charge) = 1.602 10-19

C

h (Plancks constant) = 6.625 10-34

Js

SUN: Source of electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation


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Electromagnetic radiation

Spectrum range:

UNSW

NREL


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Solar radiation

Spectral distribution(number or energy of photons as a function of wavelength/energy)

Photon flux density (())(number of photons per unit area, per unit time and per unit wavelength)

Spectral power density (P())(incident power per unit area and per unit wavelength)

Irradiance(incident total power from a radiant source per unit area)

Irradiation(irradiance integrated over a period of time) ( ) ( )P

hc

=


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Solar spectral power density

Wavelength [m]

Spe

ctralpowerdensity[kW/(m

2m)]

Wavelength [m]

Spe

ctralpowerdensity[kW/(m

2m)]

(135.3 mW/cm2 solar constant)

(100.0 mW/cm2 )

AM - air mass


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Solar photon flux density

c-Si

c-Si

UVIR Visible

0

1x1021

2x1021

3x1021

4x1021

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Photon energy (eV)

0.4200 0.71.0

Photons/(m2

seV)

Wavelength [m]


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Solar radiation on Earth

Solar radiation incident on the Earth:

- solar constant 1367 Wm-2

(outside atmosphere)

- 98% energy is between 200

3000 nm

- ultraviolet radiation (750 nm, 47% energy)


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Source: Wikipedia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Breakdown_of_the_incoming_solar_energy.svg


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AM =1 sinS

Atmosphere

Irradiance:

AM0:

1353 W/m

AM1:

925 W/m

AM1.5:

827 W/m

AM2:

691 W/m

Air Mass (AM):


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0,00

0,25

0,50

0,75

1,00

1,25

1,50

1,75

2,00

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000

Wavelength nm

SpectralIrradianceW

m-2

nm-1

AM 0

AM 1.5 + diffuse light

IRUV

1.1 eV absorption edge

of crystalline silicon

1.7 eV absorption edge

of amorphous silicon

VIS

Solar spectrum on Earth


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Solar irradiation on Earth

2 3 4 5 62 3 4 5 6

The Netherlands:

2.7 sun hours/day/year

1000 kWh/(m2*year)

Solar irradiation (solar irradiance integrated over a period of time)


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Indoor PV

Avasoft Fiber Optic Spectrometer

Schuimtablet for low illumination

conditions

2048 pixel array

Wavelength range: 200-1100nm

Spectrometer:


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Indoor PV

Fairlight model 81150

Simulates AM1.5

300 Watt

Solar Simulator:


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Indoor PV: Spectrum & IV curve

Solar simulator:


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Indoor PV

Philips Master TL-D Lamp

Most commonly found in offices

58 Watt

Lightcolor 830

Fluorescent Tube:


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Fluorescent Tube:


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Indoor PV

Philips Softone T55

Most commonly found in homes

60 Watt

Lightcolor 830

Common Light Bulb:


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Common Light Bulb Lamp:

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4_SolarRadiation_2010