Introduc)on Technology  Development  Group

Who  we  are

• We  are  a  group  of  technologists  dedicated  to  providing  enabling  technology  to  help  the  divisions  be  more  profitable.

• We  are  largely  focused  on  produc)on  and  delivery:  how  we  produce  and  master  content,  how  and  what  we  deliver  to  the  consumer,  and  how  we  protect  the  assets.

• We  work  closely  with  the  technical  people  in  each  division  and  with  those  in  IT.

•  Like  IT,  we  are  a  corporate  group.

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Spencer  Stephens  Chief  Technology  Officer  

Scot  Barbour  VP,  Produc=on  Technology  

Tim  Wright  VP,  Worldwide  New  Media  and  Technology  

New  Hire  VP,  Security  and  Media  Technology  

Andrew  Livingston  Manager,  Digital  Policy  

Yoshikazu  Takashima  Exec  Director  Advanced  Technology  

Masaki  Nakayama  Execu=ve  Director,  Technology  Opera=ons    

Dawn  Branch  Administra=ve  Assistant  

Culver  City London

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Basics  

4k  or  UHD

• Ultra  High  Defini)on  (UHD)  is  3840  x  2160 • UHD  is  being  called  4k,  4k  UHD,  Ultra  HD  4k,  … • Digital  cinema  defini)on  of  4k  is  4096  x  2160

• SPE’s  defini)on  of  4k  UHD  content • Shot  and  mastered  in  4k • Not  up-­‐scaled  from  lower  resolu)on

• It’s  the  highest  quality  version  of  a  movie  or  TV  show   • 4k  movies  &  TV  is  shot  on  35mm  film  and  on  new  digital  cinema  cameras  like  the  Sony  F65

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8’

26”  Standard  Def

>  7x  SH  

SH*  

*Screen  Height  9/15/14 Sony  Pictures  Confiden)al 6

8’

50”  HD

>  3x  SH  <  7x  SH  

SH  

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8’

85”  UHD

>  1.5x  SH  <  3x  SH  

SH  

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8k  Quiz

1.  What’s  the  ideal  viewing  distance  for  an  8k  TV?

2.  What  size  8k  would  you  want  if  your  sofa  is  8’  away  from  it?

0.75x Screen Height

260”, 1 9 feet wide

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Increased  spa)al  resolu)on  isn’t  enough

•  Picture  specifica)ons  for  high  def  are  based  on  CRT  TV  capabili)es •  With  4k  there  is  an  opportunity  to  improve  other  picture  parameters

•  These  new  parameters  can  improve  HD  too  but  will  need  new  players.

Parameter   Comments  

Larger  color  space  (ITU-­‐R  Rec  2020  or  XYZ)   •  Colors  that  cannot  be  reproduced  on  a  CRT  TV  

High  dynamic  range  (HDR)  aka  extended  dynamic  range  (XDR)    

•  More  details  in  the  highlights,  darker  shadows.  •  Brighter  screens  for  be_er  color  display  •  HD  is  100  nits,  new  XDR  TVs  are  1,000  nits,  studio  target  is  

4,000  nits  but  there  are  power  considera=ons.  

10  or  12  bits  color  depth    

•  8  bit  used  in  HD  can  cause  “contouring”  of  the  image.  (10  vs  12  bits  s=ll  being  debated)  

Higher  frame  rates    

•  48  fps  or  60  fps  for  high  frame  rate  movies  •  100  fps  or  120  fps  sports  broadcast  

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Increased  spa)al  resolu)on  isn’t  enough

•  Picture  specifica)ons  for  high  def  are  based  on  CRT  TV  capabili)es •  With  4k  there  is  an  opportunity  to  improve  other  picture  parameters

•  These  new  parameters  can  improve  HD  too  but  will  need  new  players.

Parameter   Comments  

Larger  color  space  (ITU-­‐R  Rec  2020  or  XYZ)   •  Colors  that  cannot  be  reproduced  on  a  CRT  TV  

High  dynamic  range  (HDR)  aka  extended  dynamic  range  (XDR)    

•  More  details  in  the  highlights,  darker  shadows.  •  Brighter  screens  for  be_er  color  display  •  HD  is  100  nits,  new  XDR  TVs  are  1,000  nits,  studio  target  is  

4,000  nits  but  there  are  power  considera=ons.  

10  or  12  bits  color  depth    

•  8  bit  used  in  HD  can  cause  “contouring”  of  the  image.  (10  vs  12  bits  s=ll  being  debated)  

Higher  frame  rates    

•  48  fps  or  60  fps  for  high  frame  rate  movies  •  100  fps  or  120  fps  sports  broadcast  

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Not  all  4k  is  created  equal Sony  F65  4096  green  pixels  2048  red  pixels  2048  blue  pixels    Red  Epic  2560  green  pixels  1280  red  pixels  1280  blue  pixels    Sony  F55  2048  green  pixels  1024  red  pixels  1024  blue  pixels    Arri  Alexa  1440  green  pixels    720  red  pixels  720  blue  pixels  

Bayer  pa_ern  and  CMOS  sensors  

8k  pixels  True  4k  output  

5.5k  pixels  4k  output  

4k  pixels  4k  output  

2.8k  pixels  2.8k  output  

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Acquiring  4k  content  –  features  and  episodic Camera  Type   Maximum  ResoluBon   Comments   In  use?   4k?   HDR?  

35mm  Film   Scanned  at  4k   Most  features  and  all  episodic  that  are  shot  on  film  

Yes   Yes   Yes  

65mm  Film   Scanned  at  6k   “Lawrence  of  Arabia”   No   Yes   Yes  

35mm  CCD  Digital  Cinema  Cameras  

1920x1080   Sony  F35,  Genesis  (2005)   No   No   No  

Arri  Alexa     2880x1620  or  2880×2160  depending  on  format  

CMOS  RAW  or  ProRes   Yes   No   Yes*  

Red  Epic  &  Dragon   Up  to  5.5k  &  6k  respec=vely   CMOS  RAW   Yes   Yes   Yes*  

Sony  F55   4096x2160   CMOS  RAW  or  XAVC   Yes   Yes   Yes*  

Sony  F65   Normally  4096x2160,  8192x2160  possible  

CMOS  RAW   Yes   Yes   Yes*  

CGI  effects   Typically  2k   Resolu=on  is  rendering  cost  issue.     Yes   Op=on   Op=on  

*  These  cameras  are,  in  varying  degrees,  capable  of  HDR  but  produc=on  decisions  may  mean  footage  isn’t  HDR  9/15/14 Sony  Pictures  Confiden)al 13

Consumer  Services

Delivering  4k  to  the  consumer

• AVC  encoded  4k  is  2-­‐3  )me  larger  than  HD • Not  4  )mes  larger

• 4k  delivery  becomes  prac)cal  with  HEVC  (H.265)  codec • Perhaps  35-­‐40%  more  efficient  than  AVC  today • Hardware  decoders  in  shipping  devices

• Sony  Pictures  is  requiring  significantly  stronger  content  protec)on  for  UHD/4k  than  for  HD

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Availability  of  4k  in  the  consumer  market • Sony  shipped  server  loaded  with  11  4k  movies  with  the  84”  4k  TV  in  late  2012 • Sony  4k  Video  Unlimited  service  launched  1st  September  2013 •  Preload  and  download  4k  movies  and  TV  shows •  Second  gen  4k  player  and  TVs  have  Nejlix  4k

• Nejlix  started  4k  streaming  SPE  content  to  Sony  and  Samsung  TVs  in  June  2014 •  Adap)ve  streaming  means  instantaneous  resolu)on  may  be  less  than  4k  or  content  is  spa)ally  subsampled  or  heavily  compressed

• A  lot  of  interest  by  broadcasters  in  UHD •  BSkyB  and  Sky  D  are  shoo)ng  football  in  UHD  and  with  HDR •  Korean  broadcasters  have  linear  UHD  channels. • DirecTV  will  launch  using  RVU  –  4k  HEVC  decode  in  TV,    not  in  STB

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TV  series  delivering  to  Nejlix  in  4k

• Blacklist • Breaking  Bad • Masters  of  Sex • House  of  Cards

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Market  Deployment  Timeline

What  we  expected

1.  Physical  media 2.  Download 3.  Streaming 4.  Linear

What’s  happening

1. Sony  pre-­‐loaded  players 2.  Streaming   3.  Linear 4.  Download 5.  Physical  media

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Enhanced  Content  Protec)on

Star)ng  Point

• No  content  protec)on  system  is  impenetrable,  but  the  system  has  to  be  hard  to  crack. •  You  just  got  hacked,  what  are  you  going  to  do? •  Rapidly  re-­‐secure  the  content  protec)on •  Contain  the  breach  to  a  single  )tle/copy

•  Learn  from  the  Condi)on  Access  (CAS)  industry  for  cable,  satellite,  etc. •  Security  system  providers  whose  reputa)on  is  at  stake •  Both  a  technology  and  a  service •  Sopware  running  in  Trusted  Execu)on  Environments •  Rapid  proac)ve  and  reac)ve  renewability •  Breach  and  hacker  monitoring

•  What  are  people  trying  to  hack  the  system  working  on?  

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SPE  Requirements  for  4k/UHD  Content

•  HDCP  2.2  output  protec)on •  No  other  digital  outputs  currently  offer  appropriate  security

•  On  line  authen)ca)on •  Check  for  current  content  protec)on  version •  Prevent  pre-­‐street  date  piracy

•  Title  diversity •  When  one  )tle/copy  is  compromised,  incremental  hacking  is  required  to  compromise  the  next  )tle

•  Decode  in  trusted  execu)on  environment  (TEE)  with  hardware  protected  video  path. •  Forensic  watermarking  iden)fying  player  model/version •  Content  protec)on  technology/implementa)on  from  expert  companies  with  appropriate  prac)cal  experience

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SPE  Requirements  for  4k/UHD  Content

•  HDCP  2.2  output  protec)on •  No  other  digital  outputs  currently  offer  appropriate  security

•  On  line  authen)ca)on •  Check  for  current  content  protec)on  version •  Prevent  pre-­‐street  date  piracy

•  Title  diversity •  When  one  )tle/copy  is  compromised,  incremental  hacking  is  required  to  compromise  the  next  )tle

•  Decode  in  trusted  execu)on  environment  (TEE)  with  hardware  protected  video  path. •  Forensic  watermarking  iden)fying  player  model/version •  Content  protec)on  technology/implementa)on  from  expert  companies  with  appropriate  prac)cal  experience

*This  not  a  complete  list  

Challenging  for  linear  -­‐  use  return  path  through  TVs  Internet  connec=on  

Requirement  for  off-­‐line  playback  

State  of  the  art  in  new  devices  

TV  makers  have  rapidly  realized  this  is  a  necessity  

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Thank  You Spencer  Stephens  

spencer_stephens@spe.sony.com  

Movielabs  specifica=ons  for  next  genera=on  video:  h_p://movielabs.com/ngvideo/index.html