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Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS)
4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course
4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course
CONTENTS
Prerequisites..............................................................................................................................................................................1TOTS Reference....................................................................................................................................................................1STCW 95 Reference............................................................................................................................................................1Physical Realism....................................................................................................................................................................2Behavioural Realism..........................................................................................................................................................2Operating Environment...................................................................................................................................................2Simulator Facility...................................................................................................................................................................2
SimulatorExercisesExercise 1. Shipandsimulatorfamiliarisation...........................................................................................4Exercise 2. Startinertgasplantandcommenceprimaryinerting............................................5Exercise 3. Completionofprimaryinertingbydilution.......................................................................6Exercise 4. Completionofprimaryinertingbydisplacement........................................................8Exercise 5. Cargoplanningpriortoloadingatwogradecargoofcrudeoil....................10Exercise 6. Commenceloading.............................................................................................................................12Exercise 7. Completeloading..................................................................................................................................13Exercise 8. Loadedpassage....................................................................................................................................14Exercise 9. Commencedischarge.......................................................................................................................15Exercise 10. CrudeOilWash4P&Sheavyweatherballasttanks...........................................16Exercise 11. Starttakingheavyweatherballast.........................................................................................18Exercise 12. Completedischarge............................................................................................................................19Exercise 13. Waterwash1Scargotank..........................................................................................................20Exercise 14. Purgeandgasfree1Scargotankforentry................................................................21Exercise 15. Decantingslopsafterwaterwashingandballasting..............................................22
Appendix I CargoStowagePlan..........................................................................................................................23
Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS)
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anypartofthispublicationshouldbeaddressedtothepublisher.
©INTERTANKO2008
DisclaimerWhilsteveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethattheinformationcontainedinthispublicationiscorrect,neithertheauthorsnorINTERTANKOcanacceptanyresponsibilityforanyerrors
oromissionsoranyconsequencesresultingtherefrom.
Norelianceshouldbeplacedontheinformationcontainedinthispublicationwithoutindependentverification.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 1
Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS)
4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course
PrerequisitesItisintendedthatbythetimecandidatesaregiventhistankersimulatortraining,theyhaveexperiencedseatimeonsimilartankersandhavetakenpartinthesimilarexercisessimulatedhere.Thisencounterwithsimulatedexercisesshouldnotbetheirfirstexperienceofsuchoperations.
Itisintendedthatthesimulatorusedforthistrainingwillenabledemonstrationofthefollowingcompetencies:
TOTS Reference CompetenceTOTS4E Trainingincrudeoiltankeroperations
STCW 95 Reference CompetenceTableA-II/1.9 Monitortheloading,stowage,securing,careduringthevoyageand
unloadingofcargoes.
TableA-II/3.6 Maintainseaworthinessoftheship.TableA-II/3.8TableA-III/1.11
TableA-II/2.11 Planandensuresafeloading,stowage,securing,careduringvoyageandunloadingofcargoes.
TableA-II/12.2 Carriageofdangerouscargoes.TableA-II/2.13 Controltrim,stabilityandstressTableA-III/12.12
TableA-II/2.14 MonitorandcontrolcompliancewithlegislativeTableA-III/2.13 requirementsandmeasurestoensuresafetyoflifeatseaand
protectionofthemarineenvironment.SectionA-V/1.19 Shipoperations(oiltanker)SectionA-V/1.21 Emergencyoperations(oiltanker)
Forinstructor,supervisorandassessorqualificationsseeSTCW95RegulationI/6,SectionA-I/6paragraph3andA-I/12paragraphs6to9.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course2
Physical RealismThesimulatorusedshouldfulfilthefollowingminimumrequirements:
• Itwillsimulateatypicalcargohandlingsystemfoundonachemicaltankerbasedonrealoperationalvessels.
• Theequipmentisarrangedinashiplikemanner.
Thesimulatorincludesthefollowingcomponentsandsubsystems:
• Cargocontrolsystem• Ballastcontrolsystem• Tankcleaningsystem• CrudeOilWashingsystem• Overboarddischargeandmonitoringsystems• Tankcontentmonitoringsystems• Inert/ventingcontrolsystemincluding,gasfreeing,purgingandaerating• Tankatmospherecontrolsystem• Alarmsystem• Communicationsystem• Cargopumpingsystem• Asystemforcommunicatingwith‘theoutsideworld’• Astabilityandstresscalculator.
Additionalresources: Ship/shorechecklist CrudeOilWashingchecklist CargoOilRecordBookextracts Logsheets
Behavioural Realism IMO Model Course 1.04 Part D Appendix 9Thesimulatormodelreplicatesthedynamicbehaviourofthecargohandlingsystemanditsparameters.Furthermore,thesimulatormodelsimulatesthecomponents,theirprocessesandcontrolsystems.Itwillbepossibletointroducefailures,breakdownsandweartoallequipmentsimulated.
Operating Environment IMO Model Course 1.04 Part D Appendix 9Thesimulatorwillsimulaterestrictionsandfailuresinthecargotransfer,forinstance,introducedbythesimulatedshoreterminal.Alarmswillbeannouncedbyflashingalarmlampsandsoundinthe‘cargocontrolroom’.
Simulator FacilityTheseexerciseshavebeenwrittentakingintoaccountthevarietyofsimulatorswhichmaybeusedtofacilitatethem.Asfewspecificfeaturesaspossiblehavebeenfeatured,soastoincreasetheadaptabilityoftheexercisestothevarioussimulatorsavailable.
Thetankerinthispackageisdoublehulled,has6pairsofwingtanksandapairofsloptanks.Thereare3manifolds,4cargopumpsand2ballastpumps.Theballasttankarrangementhasnotbeenspecifiedandneitherhastheventingsystem.Itisassumedthetankerhasacargopumproomandassociatednetworkoflines.
Itissuggestedthattheindividualtrainingfacilitiesselecttwogradesofcrudeoiltoillustratehowspecificphysicalorchemicalpropertiesmayinfluencethehandlingandcarriageofcrudeoil.
However,thesimulatorshouldhaveitsownCargoOperationsManualwhichwillbeusedduringthetraining.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 3
Simulator ExercisesExercise 1. ShipandsimulatorfamiliarisationExercise 2. StartinertgasplantandcommenceprimaryinertingExercise 3. CompletionofprimaryinertingbydilutionExercise 4. CompletionofprimaryinertingbydisplacementExercise 5. CargoplanningpriortoloadingatwogradecargoofcrudeoilExercise 6. CommenceloadingExercise 7. CompleteloadingExercise 8. LoadedpassageExercise 9. CommencedischargeExercise 10. CrudeOilWash4P&SheavyweatherballasttanksExercise 11. StarttakingheavyweatherballastExercise 12. CompletedischargeExercise 13. Waterwash1ScargotankExercise 14. Purgeandgasfree1ScargotankforentryExercise 15. Decantingslopsafterwaterwashingandballasting
Appendix I CargoStowagePlan
Exercise DescriptionsWhatfollowsbywayofexercisedescriptionshasbeenwrittenintheformofstudents’objectives.Inordertopreventmultipleduplication,thenotesmayalsoformguidanceforinstructors.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course4
EXERCISE 1 Simulator and Ship Familiarisation
ObjectiveThepurposeofthisexerciseistohelpyoubecomefamiliarwiththeoperationofthesimulatorandthecargosystem.Atthesametime,youwillundertakethenecessaryteststoensuretheInertGasGeneratorisfullyoperational,finishballastingtheforepeakandtesttheoperationofacargopump.
InformationThevesselhasjustdepartedfromdrydock,sothecargosystemisgasfreeandwillneedinerting.Allbunkers,freshwaterandballastareasperthenormalballastcondition,otherthentheforepeakballasttank,whichneedstoppingup.
Note:itisappreciatedthatnotallliquidcargosimulatorswillhaveexactlythesamefunctionsincorporated.Thefollowingaresuggestionsofsystemsthatneedfamiliarisation:
1. Checkthevariousdisplaypagesofthesimulatorandfamiliariseyourselfwiththeinformationshown.WhereistheEMERGENCYSHUTDOWNbutton?
2. Changepagesandoperatevalves.
3. FindthepagesdealingwiththeBALLASTSYSTEM.
4. Itissuggestedthatashortballastingoperationtakesplaceduringthisfamiliarisationexercise.Perhapsoneballastspacecouldbetoppedup.Thisoperationwillprovideagoodopportunityforbestpracticeofpumpandlineoperationtobeobserved.
5. FamiliariseyourselfwiththeALARMPANELpage.
6. FamiliariseyourselfwiththeGASDETECTIONfacility.
7. Whilethevesselhasbeenindrydock,manypartsoftheinertgasplanthavebeenopenedupforrepairandmaintenance.TheboilershavealreadybeenflashedupandthenexttasksaretorestoretheIGSystemtosafety,startuptheplantandtestitsinterlocksandshutdownspriortouse.Thisoperationalsoprovidesagoodopportunitytotestthecommunicationssystemswiththeengineroom.
8. Dependingonthesimulatorbeingused,thevariouspartsoftheINERTGASSYSTEMcanbechecked;thereforethestudentwillbeexpectedto:
• Monitoroxygencontentandalarms • Initiatewatersupplytoplant • Demonstrategaslineup • Demonstratestartingoftheblower • Takeappropriateactionintheeventofhighoxygencontent • MoveandlubricatenonreturnvalvebeforestartingIGplant • Ensureinstrument/controlairlinesaredrainedbeforestart • Ensurefluegasvalveshavebeencleanedbeforeoperation • StartIGgenerator • Identifyproblemsandtakeappropriatecorrectiveaction
9. Aswellasthefixedgasdetectingsystem,donotforgetthestandardpracticeofutilisingportablegasdetectors,whererequired.
10. StarttheInertGasSystemaspertheoperatingmanualandchecktheAUTOMATICSHUTDOWNfacility.
11. Donotforgettomonitortheballastingofthetankbeingworked.
12. Inordertofamiliariseyourselfwiththecargosystem,itissuggestedtowaterflushthecargolinesystem.Seawatercanbetakenfromaseasuctionanddepositedinasloptank.Whenappropriate,theflushcancontinuebyre-circulatingseawaterfromthechosensloptank.Testtheeductors,whilstexecutingthisoperation.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 5
13. Whilstsendingseawateraroundthecargosystem,taketheopportunitytotestthesteamsystembyheatingthewater.
EXERCISE 2 Start inert gas plant and commence primary inerting
ObjectiveThepurposeofthisexerciseistoproduceandexecuteanoperationalprocedureforstartingtheIGplantfromanormalshutdowncondition,andthentocommenceprimaryinertingofthecargotanksincludingresidueandsloptanksusingEITHERadilutionORdisplacementmethod.
Information1. Onthisvessel,primaryinertingcanbeachievedbyusingeitherthedilution(mixing)method,orthe
displacement(layer)method.
2. InertgascanbeventedfromthecargotanksviaeithertheIGinletstothemastriser,thecargolines,purgepipes,ortheshortstandpipesondeck,thelattertwooptionsbeingactivatedbyinsertingtheappropriatespoolpieces.
3. NotetheP/Vvalvepressureandvacuumsettingonyoursimulatormodel.NotealsotheIGblowercapacities.
4. Thevesselhasjustleftdrydockandisonpassagetotheloadingport.Notetheforwardandaftdraftofthevessel.Thefirstloadingportisfivedayssteamingaway.
5. Theseaandairtemperaturesshouldbenotedandanymajorcontrastconsidered.
6. Allportableinstrumentshavebeencheckedandcalibrated.
7. TheIGsystemissetforsafety,i.e.thewaterpumpservingthescrubbersealanddecksealisON.Inaddition,thescrubbercoolingwaterpumphasbeenswitchedONandthescrubbertowerhasbeenflushedforatleastfifteenminutes.Allothertestsandchecksontheplanthavebeencompleted.
Competence Requirements1. Identifyanddescribeanunderstandingofthetwomethodsofprimaryinerting,dilutionordisplacement.
2. Identifytherelativedensityofthegasesinvolvedintheinertingoperation.
3. Ifdilutionmethodischosen,statehowmanytankswillinitiallybeopenedandtheexpecteddurationoftheoperation.
4. Ifdisplacementischosen,statetheminimumnumberoftankstobeinertedatanyonetime.
5. StatewhetherthemainGasRegulatingValveshouldbeusedinAUTOorMANUALforthisoperation.
6. Identifyandapplyappropriatemonitoringrequirementsduringtheinertingprocedure.
7. Statewhatchecksonthesystemwillbemadeduringthisoperation.
8. Statethemaximumpermittedoxygenconcentrationintheinertgasbeingdeliveredtothecargosystem.
9. Statethemaximumpermittedoxygenconcentrationintheinertgasinsidetheindividualcargotanksinorderforthetanktobeconsideredinert.
10. Stateatypicalchemicalcompositionofinertgasfromaboileruptake.
11. Identifyappropriatesamplingpositionsintanksforusewithportablegasanalysingequipment.
12. Identifyappropriatepressurestowhichthegasmainmayberaised.
13. Statethehazardsofinertingafteraninertgasplantbreakdown.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course6
EXERCISE 3 Completion of primary inerting by dilution
ObjectiveThepurposeofthisexerciseistocompletetheprimaryinertingofthecargoandsloptanksusingthedilutionmethod.Acargotankoxygenlevelreadinglogshouldbemaintained.Uponcompletionoftheoperation,thesystemshouldbepressurisedandtheIGsystemshutdowninasafemanner.
Information1. TheIGsystemisinoperationwithoneblowerandtheGasRegulatingValvein‘manual’mode.
2. Thelastsetofcargotanks,6Pand6S,arecurrentlybeinginerted,inviathedeckdistributionsystemandoutviathestandpipes.AllothertanksexceptthesloptankshavebeencompletedbutnotcheckedorpressurisedandarecurrentlyisolatedfromtheIGsystem.
3. Checkyourcompany’sInertGasOperatingManual;
Whatisthemaximumoxygencontentpermittedinthecargotankspriortoloadingcargo?
Ensuretheoxygenreadingstakenarerecorded.
Establishtheminimumpermittedpressureontheinertedsystemunderallconditionsofoperation.
4. Assessthelistofreadings(appended)suppliedbyanexperiencedandreliablememberofthedeckwatch.Thesereadingsweretakeninthelasthour.
5. Allportablegasdetectinginstrumentshavebeencheckedandcalibrated.
6. Thevesselisnowwithin72hoursoftheloadport.
Competence Requirements1. Statewhatconditionshavetobesatisfiedbeforeprimaryinertinghasbeencompletedsuccessfully.
2. Statewhatwillbethefinalstatusoftheinertgasplantanddistributionsystem.
3. Statewhatcheckswillbemadeonthesystemafterfinalshutdown.
4. Shutdowntheinertgasplantuponcompletionoftheoperation.
• Describeasafelyshutdownplant • Shutdowntheplant • Waterflushthefluegasscrubber • Flushtheoverboardvalvesandlines • Describepostshutdownmaintenance • Describeblowerflushingandinternalinspection • Settheplantforsafety • Ensurethewatersupplyisrunningandthealarmsareinorder
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 7
• Incorporatetheroutinetestingofinterlocksduringshutdown.
OXYGEN READING REPORT
SlopP Top 20.81% SlopS Top 20.81%Middle 20.81% Middle 20.81%Bottom 20.81% Bottom 20.81%
6S Top 6.51% 6P Top 6.36%Middle 6.49% Middle 6.38%Bottom 6.52% Bottom 6.41%
5S Top 4.61% 5P Top 4.61%Middle 4.59% Middle 4.66%Bottom 4.60% Bottom 4.59%
4S Top 4.83% 4P Top 4.85%Middle 4.81% Middle 4.83%Bottom 4.79% Bottom 4.82%
3S Top 4.63% 3P Top 4.64%Middle 4.60% Middle 4.63%Bottom 4.62% Bottom 4.64%
2S Top 4.66% 2P Top 4.68%Middle 6.44% Middle 4.66%Bottom 4.61% Bottom 4.67%
1S Top 4.12% 1P Top 5.27%Middle 4.09% Middle 5.24%Bottom 4.11% Bottom 5.25%
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course8
EXERCISE 4 Completion of primary inerting by displacement
ObjectiveThepurposeofthisexerciseistocompletetheprimaryinertingofthecargoandsloptanksusingthedisplacementmethod.Acargotankoxygenlevelreadinglogshouldbemaintained.Uponcompletionoftheoperation,thesystemshouldbepressurisedandtheIGsystemshutdowninasafemanner.
Information1. TheIGsystemisinoperationwithoneblowerandtheGasRegulationValvein‘manual’mode.
2. Thelastsetoftanks2P,2S,3P,3S,5Pand5Sarecurrentlybeinginerted,inviathebottomcargolinesandoutviathedeckstandpipes.AllothertankshavebeencompletedbutnotcheckedorpressurisedandarecurrentlyisolatedfromtheIGsystem.
3. Checkyourcompany’sInertGasOperatingManual;
Whatisthemaximumoxygencontentpermittedinthecargotankspriortoloadingcargo?
Ensuretheoxygenreadingstakenarerecorded.
Establishtheminimumpermittedpressureontheinertedsystemunderallconditionsofoperation.
4. Assessthelistofreadings(appended)suppliedbyanexperiencedandreliablememberofthedeckwatch.Thesereadingsweretakeninthelasthour.
5. Allportablegasdetectinginstrumentshavebeencheckedandcalibrated.
6. Thevesselisnowwithin72hoursoftheloadport.
Competence Requirements1. Statewhatconditionshavetobesatisfiedbeforeprimaryinertinghasbeencompletedsuccessfully.
2. Statewhatwillbethefinalstatusoftheinertgasplantanddistributionsystem.
3. Statewhatcheckswillbemadeonthesystemafterfinalshutdown.
4. Shutdowntheinertgasplantuponcompletionoftheoperation.
• Describeasafelyshutdownplant • Shutdowntheplant • Waterflushthefluegasscrubber • Flushtheoverboardvalvesandlines • Describepostshutdownmaintenance • Describeblowerflushingandinternalinspection • Settheplantforsafety • Ensurethewatersupplyisrunningandthealarmsareinorder
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 9
• Incorporatetheroutinetestingofinterlocksduringshutdown.
OXYGEN READING REPORT
SlopP Top 2.95% SlopS Top 3.05%Middle 2.94% Middle 3.06%Bottom 2.96% Bottom 3.05%
6S Top 2.91% 6P Top 2.91%Middle 2.90% Middle 9.21%Bottom 2.91% Bottom 2.89%
5S Top 20.78% 5P Top 20.78%Middle 2.91% Middle 2.92%Bottom 2.92% Bottom 2.91%
4S Top 20.81% 4P Top 2.91%Middle 2.90% Middle 2.90%Bottom 2.91% Bottom 2.91%
3S Top 20.78% 3P Top 20.78%Middle 2.93% Middle 2.94%Bottom 2.92% Bottom 2.94%
2S Top 20.79% 2P Top 20.78%Middle 2.92% Middle 2.92%Bottom 2.91% Bottom 2.91%
1S Top 2.91% 1P Top 2.91%Middle 2.90% Middle 2.92%
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course10
Bottom 2.89% Bottom 2.91%
EXERCISE 5 Cargo planning prior to loading a cargo of crude oil
ObjectiveToprepareacargoplanandoperationalprocedure,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions,fortheloadingoftwogradesofcrudeoil.
Information1. Thefollowinginformationhasbeenreceivedregardingthecargotobeloaded:
• Vesselistoloadtwogradesofcrudeoil
• Grade1: Note API Temperature Quantity
Tobeloadedintotanks1P&S,3P&S,4P&S,6P&Sandtheportsloptank.Thisisthefirstgradetobeloadedthroughtheaftmanifold.
• Grade2: Note API Temperature Quantity
Tobeloadedintotanks2P&S,5P&Sandthestarboardsloptank,throughtheforwardtwomanifolds.
2. Itissuggestedadraftlimitationisimposedinthisexercise.
3. Bothgradesaretobeloadedconcurrently
4. Notethemaximumloadingrateprovidedbytheshoreinrelationtothevessel’sownloadingcapability.Checktheindividualtankventingcapabilities.
5. Thedistributionandquantitiesofballast,freshwater,fuelandstoresonarrivalattheouteranchorageareasinthe‘NormalLoadCondition’.
6. Beforeberthing,bunkerswillbetakenintheouteranchorage.Notehowthiswillaffectthearrivaldraft,stressesandstability.
Competence Requirements1. PlanthestatusoftheIGsystemandtankventingsystemduringthisoperation.
2. Refertothevesselcargooperationsmanualfordetailsoftankgroupingandsuggestedlineup.
3. Ensurethatvesselstabilityandhullstressesarewithinsafelimitsatalltimesduringtheoperation.
4. RefertotheCargoOperationsManualforspecificcargohandlinginformationandwarningregardingtheeffectsoffreesurface.
5. ReadExercises6and7.Notewhichwillbethecompletinggrade.
6. Inordertocreateafinishloadingexercisespecifictoyourloadingplan,itislikelyauniqueexercisewillberequiredtobeprogrammedintoyoursimulator.Inordertocreatethis,dependingonthesimulatorinuse,youmayalsosupplythefollowinginformation;
• Finalloadedconditionofeachtankasapercentagefull.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 11
• Theconditionofthelast4pairsofwingtankstobetoppedoffbeforefinishingloading.Thisshouldalsobesuppliedasthetankpercentagefull.Notethatyouarerequiredtotopoffallofthelast4pairsofwingtanksinthe“CompleteLoading”exercise(6).
7. Stateintheplanhowthefollowingloadingissuesmaybemonitored;
• Cargoloadingrates • Startingprocedure • Venting • Monitoringfullandemptytanks • Locationandreadinessofsafetyequipment • Locationandreadinessofpollutionequipment • Shutdownprocedures,bothroutineandemergency • Deballasting • Pumproomsegregation • Lineup • Toppingoff
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course12
8. Theplanshouldalsobeflexibleincaseofachangeinloadingsequence.
EXERCISE 6 Commence Loading
ObjectiveToexecuteanoperationalprocedure,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions,forthestartloadingoftwogradesofcrudeoil.
Information1. Thevesselisberthedportsidealongside.
2. Allmanifoldshavebeenconnected.
3. Alllocalandterminalregulationsarebeingcompliedwith,andtheship/shoresafetychecklistasperAppendixAofISGOTThasbeencompleted.
4. Theoxygencontentwithinallthetankshasbeencheckedandfoundtobelessthan8%asrequiredbytheterminal.
5. Theinertgassystemisshutdownandsetforsafety.
Competence Requirements1. Startloadprocedure.Donotopenmanifoldvalvesuntiltheagreementofthejettyoperatorhasbeen
obtained.
2 Limitthenumberoftankstobeloadedtoonelineonetank.
3. Establishalowinitialloadingrate.
4. Checkoffshoreandisolatedmanifolds.
5. Communicatewithdeckstafftoensuresafetyandpollutionchecksarebeingmaintained.
6. Statewhenthedeballastingoperationshouldstartandcheck:
• Cleanlinessofthesurfaceofthewaterbeingdischarged • Cleanlinessofharbourwateroverboardhavingstarteddeballasting • Deballastthroughappropriateseavalve
7. Prepareandusesanactionplantodealwiththepossibilityof:
• Stuckvalves • Leakingvalves • Communicationfailure • Gaugefailure
8. Describehowthefollowingstabilityissuesmaybemonitored:
• Longitudinal • Transverse • FreeSurface • Hullstresses • Bendingmomentsandsheerforces
9. Duringbulkloadingmonitor: loadingrate stresses
10. Adjustcargoflowfortrimandlistpurposes.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 13
11. Monitormooringsandmaintainsecurity.
EXERCISE 7 Complete Loading
ObjectiveToexecuteanoperationalprocedure,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions,forthecompletionofloadingtwogradesofcrudeoil.
Information1. Thevesselisberthedportsidealongside.
2. Allmanifoldshavebeenconnected.
3. Deballastingisalmostcompleted,ballasttanks5and6remaintobefinished.
4. ThevesseliscurrentlyloadingcrudeoilGrade2throughbothofthetwoforwardmanifolds,thefirstgradehavingbeentoppedoffandtheaftmanifoldclosedoncompletion.
5. Thevesseliscurrentlyloadingatthemaximumbulkloadingrate.Considertheloadingrateappropriateortoppingofftanksandthenoticetheterminalrequirestoreducetherate.
6. Ship’smanifoldvalvesshouldremainintheopenpositionuntilshorehasagreedthattheymaybeclosed.
7. Theemergencystopprocedurehasbeenagreedasfollows:
• Thejettyshouldbecontactedbyradio. • Jettyoperatorwillthentakeappropriateactiontostopthecargoasquicklyaspossible. • Thevesselwillbeinformedwhenitissafetoclosethemanifoldvalves.
Competence Requirements1. Carefulchecksontheoperationshouldbemaintainedatalltimesincludingmanifoldpressures,flow
ratesandtankullages.
2. Statewhichtoppingoffprocedureistobeused.
3. Shutthetanksinapredeterminedsequence.
4. Adjustflowratestoavoidcreatinganexcessivemanifoldpressure.
5. Monitorcompletedtanksforasteadyullage.
6. Confirmthecompletionprocedureswiththeterminal.
7. Carryoutlinedrainingtoavoidthepressureoftrappedcargo.
8. Drainthemanifoldinsuchawayastoavoidspills.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course14
EXERCISE 8 Loaded passage
ObjectiveMinimiselossesduetoevaporationasfaraspracticable.Monitorcargocontainment.
Information1. DiscusstankpressuremanagementandareductioninVOClosses,especiallythebenefitsinreducing
theselosses.
2. Novapoursegregationisrequired,acommonmainmaybeused.
3. Nocargoheatingisrequired.
Competence Requirements1. Cargotankullagesstillneedmonitoringduringtheloadedpassageaswellasballastspacesforany
hydrocarbonleakage.
2. Statewhichvesselstressandstabilityistobemonitoredduringthisexercise.
3. Priortoarrivalatthedischargeport,achecklistneedstobecompleted.
4. Statehowthepressureandvacuumsettingsontheventingsystemswillaffectthisissue.
5. Monitorthecargotankpressureandtopupwithinertgasifnecessary.
6. Intheeventofcargoleakageintoaballastspace,activateappropriateactionplanandreportingprocedure.
Discharge PatternTodischargeGrade1CrudeOilfrom1P&S,3P&S,4P&S,6P&SandtheportsloptankandGrade2CrudeOilfrom2P&S,5P&Sandthestarboardsloptank,
TankstoCrudeOilWashthisvoyageare2p&s,4p&s,6p&s.Topwashingtobestartedwhenthestatedullageisreachedinthesetanks,aspertheCargoOperationsManual.
Extremeweatherconditionsprevailoutsidethedischargeportandonepairofcargotankswillbeballastedforsafetypurposes.
1. Alltankstobedebottomedby1metre.Bothgradestobedebottomedatthesametimebutkeptsegregated.
2. Bothgradestobekeptsegregatedtotheextentpossible,anddischargedconsecutively,theGrade1parcelfirst.
3. Grade1Crudetobedischargedusingtwomaincargopumps.
4. Toassistvapourmanagementwhiletakingheavyweatherballast,number3p&scargotankswillbeheldatapproximatelyhalffulluntil1P&S,3P&S,4P&S,6P&ShavebeendischargedandarereadyforCOW.
5. DuringdischargeofGrade1crude,apre-preparedballastingplanshouldbefollowed.Decidewhichpairofwingballasttankswillberequiredfortrimandlistadjustment.
6. WhenCOWiscompleted,heavyweatherwaterballastistobepumpedinto4p&scargotanks.
7. Grade2CrudeOilbulktobedischargedwithonemaincargopump.
8. DuringdischargeofGrade2CrudeOil,continuetheballastplan.
9. DuringdischargeofGrade2CrudeOil,COWno.2p&scargotanksusingthestarboardsloptankassourceofCOWandeductordriveliquid.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 15
10. Oncompletionofdischarge,allcargoistobethoroughlydrainedfrompipelinesandpumpsandsentashore.
EXERCISE 9 Commence discharge
ObjectivesToplanandexecuteanoperationalprocedure,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions,forthestartofdischargeofacargoofcrudeoil.
Information1. Thevessel’sdischargeplanhasbeendiscussedandagreedwiththeterminal:
• Alltanksexceptsloptankstobede-bottomedbyatleast1metre • AllGrade1CrudetobedischargedfirstfollowedbyGrade2.
2. Aship/shoresafetychecklisthasalsobeencompleted.
3. Thevesselisportsidealongside,andhasallthreemanifoldsconnected.
4. Theinertgasplanthasbeentestedbeforearrivalandnodefectsfound.Itiscurrentlysetforsafety.Allcargotankshavebeentestedforoxygencontentandfoundtobesatisfactory.
5. Themaincargopumpshavebeenwarmingthroughforthelasthour.
6. De-bottomingofbothgradestobedonesimultaneously,butthegradesmustbekeptsegregated.
7. StartdischargeofeachgradeataslowrateandobtaintheagreementoftheJettyOperatorbeforeincreasingtomaximumrate.Donotstartdischargeofthesecondgradebottomsuntilthefirstgradeisbeingdischargedatmaximumrate.
8. Assoonasdischargeisprogressingsmoothly,startballastingandinformtheJettyOperatorofthestarttime.
Competence Requirements1. Stateandpreparethelineset-uppriortocommencingdischarge.
2. StateandpreparetheoperationalstatusoftheIGplant.
3. RefertotheCargoOperationsManualforspecificcargopumpandcargodischargeinformation.
4. Preparethecargopumpsforoperation.
5. Monitorthepumprunningconditionswithreferenceto:
• Suctionanddischargepressures • Cargotanklevel • Manifoldflow
6. Balancepumpspeedsforcommondischargewheninparallel.
7. Monitorandcontrolsuctionanddischargepressures.
8. Commencethedischargeinlinewithbestpractice:
• Fillthelineandpumpgradually • Ensurethepumproomismanned • Limitthenumberoftanksopenatonetime • Startthepumponslowspeedandacceptshandoverfromtheengineer • Openthemanifoldwithterminalagreement • Directthedeckwatchtocarryoutsafetyandcounterpollutionmonitoring • Monitoractiveandclosedcargotanklevels.
9. Continuetomonitorlongitudinalandtransversestability.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course16
10. Continuetomonitordraft,listandtrim.
EXERCISE 10 Crude Oil Wash 4 P & S the heavy weather ballast tanks
ObjectiveToexecuteanoperationalproceduretobottomcrudeoilwashbothofNo.4portandstarboardcargotanks.
Information1. Thevesselisportsidealongside,withallthreemanifoldsconnected.
2. Allcargotankshavebeende-bottomedbyaminimumof1metreandtheportsloptankhasbeenrechargedwith“dry”crude.TheCOWtopwashwascompletedwhenthetankinnagecorrespondedwiththeOperationsManual.
3. BulkdischargeoftheGrade1Crudecargoin1,4and6p&shasbeencompletedandafewcentimetresremain.
4. OnemaincargopumpisdischargingGrade2Crudefrom3p&scargotanks.
5. Theballastplanisbeingfollowed.
6. Theinertgasdistributionsystemiscommonondeckandtheplantisinoperation,withthegasregulatingvalvesettoautomatic.
Competence Requirements1. StatetheprerequisitesforCrudeOilWashingasfixedwashingmachinesandaninertatmosphere.
2. Describesmachinetypesandwashpatterns,suchas:
• Singlenozzleprogrammable • Fittedwithfixeddriveunit • Usingportabledriveunit • Non-programmable(orpre-programmed)doublenozzle
3. Describeanddemonstratesettingsofprogrammablemachinesfor:
• Washangle • Pitch • RPM
4. DescribethepreparationsforCOWandemploysrelevantchecklist:
• Pipelinetesttooperatingpressure • Oxygenanalysercalibration • Blankhydrantswhichmayhavebeenusedforwaterwashing • Ensurepollutioncontrolproceduresinplace • DischargethebottomonemetreofcrudetobeusedasasourceforCOWtoreducestatic
generation • Confirmisolationofthetankcleaningheater
5. BefamiliarwiththecontentsoftheOperations&EquipmentManual.
6. Usestheappropriatewashprogramme.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 17
7. ControlthelinepressurewhenstartingCOWandwhenchangingtanks.
8. Takeoxygenreadingsinthetankpriortowashingtoverifyoxygencontentoflessthan8%byvolume.
9. ProvidedriveforCOW:
• COWpump • Bleedoffanydischarge • Cargopumptakenoutofdischarge
10. KeepbottomoftankoilfreetowardstheendofCOWbycontrollingstrippingwith:
• Eductor(statecapacityanddrivefluidrequirements) • Strippingpump(statecapacityandrequiredstrokesperminute) • Sterntrimcomplyingwithminimumrequired
11. StatethatthecapacityofthestrippingarrangementsisrelatedtothroughputoftheCOWmachines(1.25)
12. Adjustwashingmachinenozzleanglesasnecessary.
13. Monitortankpressuretopreventvapouremissionsonstartofwashingandensurethatthepressureisalwayspositive.
14. StatetheabortconditionsforCOWas:
• Oxygenlevelintheinertgasbeingdeliveredexceeds8%byvolume.
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course18
• Thepressureoftheatmosphereinthetanksisnolongerpositive.
EXERCISE 11 Start taking heavy weather ballast
ObjectiveTodraintheheavyweatherballasttanksandpipelinesofoilandtostartfillingthetankswithseawater.
Information1. DischargeoftheGrade1parcelofcrudeisnearingcompletionandcrudeoilwashingoftheheavy
weatherballasttankshasbeencompleted.
2. Themaincargopumpsarerunningasfollows:
• Portsloptankisbeingdischargedonemaincargopump • No.3p&scargotanksbeingdischargedwithanothermaincargopump
3. Portballastpumpisballastingasperplan.
4. Theinertgassystemiscommonondeckandthegasregulatingvalveissettoautomatic.
Competence Requirements1. Statetherequirementsfortakingheavyweatherballastinthecargotanksas:
• TanktohavebeenCrudeOilWashed • Pipelinesusedtobedrainedofoil • Pipelinestobeflushedintoasloptank • Ensurethathydrocarbonvapourisventedthroughtheapprovedventingsystem • Statethatwhenstartingtoloadcargotankballast,pumpsshouldbeoperatedinaccordancewith
theICS/OCIMFpublication“PreventionofOilSpillagesThroughCargoPumproomSeavalves” • Statethatifanon-inertedtankcontaininghydrocarbonvapouristobeballasted,valveoperation
andfillingratemustbecontrolledtopreventsprayingofwaterwhichmaycreateanelectrostatically chargedmist
2. Controlinertgassystemwithregardto:
• Tankpressure • Vapouremissions • Vapourbalancing-concurrentballastingandcargodischarge
3. Exercisepollutionpreventionproceduresbycontrolling:
• Pumpstartingatveryslowspeed • Openingseasuctionvalve • Centrifugalpumpspeedcontrol,avoidtrip • Consideruseofstrippingpumptocreatevacuum • Carryoutoversidecheck
4. Statethatotherallowableoperationalexceptionsfortakingcargotankballastincargotanksare:
• passageunderalowbridge • heightofloadingconnections(andcombinationcarrierhatchcoamings)relativetoshoresystems
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 19
• localregulationsrequiringspecificdraftforsafenavigation • (exceptionsformaintenancereasonsareallowed)
EXERCISE 12 Complete discharge
ObjectivesToexecuteanoperationalproceduretocompletethedischargeofacargoofcrudeoil.
Information1. Thevesselisportsidealongsidewithallthreemanifoldsconnected.
2. Thedischargeisnearingcompletion,allbulkGrade1Crudehasbeendischarged,andasmallamountofGrade2Cruderemainstobedischarged.Cargopumpsandlinesmustbedrained(ithasbeenagreedthatattheendofbulkdischarge,drainingsofbothgradeswillbeacceptedasamixture).
3. Onemaincargopumpisdischargingthestarboardsloptank.
4. Theportballastpumpisfillingoneballasttanktocorrectthelist.
5. Considerthefollowingadvice:
Attheappropriatetanksoundingthevacuumpumpcanbestartedandtheautostrippingsystemactivated,dependingonthesimulatormodel.
Uponcompletionofdischarge,cargopipelinesmustbedrainedtotheshoretanks.Thiscanbeachievedinoneoftwoways:
a) Bydroppingthelinestothesloptankandredrainingthesloptanktoshoreviathe‘MARPOLLine’:
b) Bydrainingthelinesdirectlytothestrippingpumpandpumpingthedrainingsashoreviathe “MARPOL”Line.
Theseprocedureswilldependonthefacilitiesofferedbytheparticularsimulatorinuse.
Competence Requirements1. Describetheequipmentwithcentrifugalpumpsfortankdrainingas:
• Automaticself-primingstrippingsystems(Vac-Strip,PrimaVac) • Operatessuchsystemsinautomaticandinmanualmodes • Describetheoptimumtankdrainingsequenceasfromfor’dtoaft • Statethatsuctionvalvesarenotthrottledwhenusingthesystem
2. Describetheauxiliarytankdrainingequipmentandstatestheoperatingrequirementsfor:
• Eductors • Reciprocatingpumps
3. Carryoutcargostrippingwithreferenceto:
• Optimumtrimandlist(ifappropriate) • Sequenceformaximumefficiency(mainpump,eductor,reciprocationstrippingpump).
4. Monitorthelevelintankbeingdrainedtoensuretheliquidisactuallymoving.Ifnot,ascertainwhyand/ormovetoanothertank.
5. Completecargodischarge:
• Monitorcompletedtankstoensurevalvesarenotleaking • Draincargodeckmainsandriserstosloptankorpump • Drainresidualliquidfromcentrifugalpumpcasing • UseMARPOLlinetosendfinalresiduesfromsloptankandpumproomashore
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course20
• Drainmanifoldconnection • Managepressureofinertgastoensurenoventingoccurs
6. Prepareanduseanactionplantodealwithtypicalproblems:
Tankoverflowresultingfrom:
• Movementofcargobetweentanksofdifferinglevel • Lineuperror • Sloptankoverflowduringeducting • Valveleakageorfailure • Failureofautomaticstrippingsystem • IGplantfailure,eitherpermanentortemporary • Bilgelevelalarm
EXERCISE 13 Water wash 1 S cargo tank
ObjectivePlanandexecutearoutinetankwashingandpreparationoperation,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions.AllMARPOLconcernsmustbeaddressedandtheoperationrecordedintheOilRecordBook.
Information1. Havingsailedfromthedischargeport,tank1Srequiresaroutinewashandinspection.Aroutinewater
washisallthatwillberequired.Atthisstage,thesloptankswillnotbewashedsincetheywillneedtocontaintheresiduesoftankwashings.
2. Asperroutinesafetyprocedures,theinertgassystemmustberunduringthetankwashingprogramme.
3. RemembertomonitortheinertgasqualitybeingdeliveredtothedeckaswellastheIGmainpressure,toensurethatsafetyrequirementsarefulfilled.
Competence RequirementsTankWashing–WithWater
1. Statethatwashingtankswithwateriscarriedouttoenableentryandmaintenance.
2. Statethatwaterwashingiscarriedoutwitheithercoldwaterorhotwaterheated:
Byinlineheater Inasloptank
3. Statethatatankerfittedwithaninertgasplantmustwashtankswiththeatmosphereintheinertconditionandthatcrudetankerssmallerthan20,000dwtwithoutaninertgasplantmaywashtanksinthenon-inertconditionfollowingthemoststringentsafetyprocedures.
ForWashingintheInertCondition:
4. Tankatmosphereistestedandcontrolledtobe8%orlessbyvolumeoxygenandpositivepressure(asforCOW)
Recirculatedwashwatermaybeusedusingoneormoresloptanks
Chemicaladditivesmaybeused,eitherinjectedintothewatersupplyoraddedinbulktothecargoorsloptank
5. Fixedwashingmachinesand/orportablemachinesmaybeused
6. Statethatforportablemachines:
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 21
Spotwashingcanbeaccomplished Anelectricalcontinuitytestofthehosesisrequiredbeforeuse(nottoexceed6ohmpermetrelength)
EXERCISE 14 Gas free 1 S cargo tank ready for entry
ObjectivePlanandexecutethegasfreeingof1Scargotank,takingallrelevantsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions.
Information1. Havingwaterwashed1Scargotank,companyproceduresrequirethetanktobegasfreedinorderfor
anentryandroutineinspectiontotakeplace.
2. ConsulttheCompanyManualsothatapprovedproceduresarefollowed.
3. Setuptheinertgasplanttodeliverinertgasto1Sforgasfreeingpurposesandsetuptheventingsystemaccordingly.
4. Planalsotogasfreethetankinaccordancewithapprovedprocedures.
Competence Requirements1. Statethatforaninertedtank,gasfreeingmayonlytakeplaceoncepurginghasbeencompleted
2. StatethateithertheInertGasPlant(q.v.),fixedorportableventilationequipmentmaybeused
3. Describefixedequipmentsuchasa“GolarVent”anddescribestherequirementforisolationfromthecargosystemwhennotinuse
4. Describeportableequipmentas:
• Water/air/hydraulic/steamoperatedfans • Statethatwhenportableequipmentisusedthetankistobeisolatedfromtheinertgas/ventmain • Statethatportabletrunkingmaybeusedbutthatflowcharacteristicsoftheportableequipment
mayindicategreaterefficiencywithout
5. DescribewiththeaidofISGOTT11.4theproceduresandsafetyprecautionstobetakenwhengasfreeingwithportableequipment
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course22
EXERCISE 15 Decanting slops after water washing and ballasting
ObjectivePlanandexecutethelegitimatedisposalofslopsfromthestarboardsloptank,includingallsafetyandpollutionpreventionprecautions.AllMARPOLconcernsmustbeaddressedandtheoperationrecordedintheOilRecordBook.
Information1. Thevesselisnowtwodaysfromthenextloadport.Weatherconditionshaveimprovedconsiderably
andtheheavyweatherballasthasbeendischarged,withtheoilresiduescontainedinthestarboardsloptank.
2. Inordertominimiseslopsonarrival,theremainingresiduesinthestarboardsloptankhavetobedecanted.
3. Ensuretherequiredcomponentsofthelinesystemareinplacetoenablethestarboardsloptanktobedischarged,viatheOilDischargeMonitoringEquipment,intothesea.
4. Uponcompletionofthisoperation,suchcomponents(e.g.,spoolpiece)shouldberemovedasrequiredpriortoworkingthenextcargo.
Competence Requirements1. Describetherequirementsfordischarge,incompliancewithRegulation34ofRevisedAnnexIMARPOL
73/78,notinaspecialarea:
• morethan50milesfromland • enroute • instantaneousrateofoilcontentdischargenottoexceed30litrespermile • totalquantityofoildischargednottoexceed1/30,000ofthepreviouscargo • OilDischargeMonitoring&Controlsystemandsloptankinuse • anyresidueswhichcannotbedischargedintotheseatoberetainedonboard
2. DescribetheappropriateentriestobemadeintheOilRecordBookPartII-Cargo/ballastoperations
3. Decantingofslopsremainingfromcargotankwaterwashingoperations:
• Describeanddemonstratetheoperationoftheinterfacedetector • Calculatethequantitiesofoilandwaterbyreferencetotankcalibrationtables • Statethattheheatingofslopsisamethodofreducingthequantityofemulsionattheinterface • Demonstratedischargeofthe“clean”partofthesloptankcontents,stopdischargebeforeexcess
oilisdischarged
INTERTANKO (TOTS) — 4E Crude Oil Tanker Simulator Training Course 23
APPENDIX I
CARGO STOWAGE PLAN
Slop 6 5 4 3 2 1
Grade1CrudeOil 2P&S 5P&S SlopP
Grade2CrudeOil 1P&S 3P&S 4P&S 6P&S SlopP
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