4B Cases Digests (Property 414-501)

8/17/2019 4B Cases Digests (Property 414-501)

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San Beda College of Law CIVIL LAW REVIEW

PROPERTY (Arts. 414-501)

CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY

LADERA v. HODGESCA-G.R. No. 8027-R. September 23, 1952.

FACTS: Ladera entered into a ontrat o! a promi"e to "e## a #ot $it% &od'e" $it% t%e ondition,amon' ot%er", t%at !ai#(re to ma)e a pa*ment +0 da*" a!ter it !e## d(e "%a## a(tomatia##* re"indt%e ontrat. etitioner t%erea!ter b(i#t a %o("e on t%e #ot b(t !ai#ed to pa* t%e in"ta##ment".&od'e" !i#ed an eetment "(it and $a" ab#e to "e(re a $rit o! ee(tion t%ereb* #e/*in' on t%e%o("e b(i#t b* petitioner. %e %o("e $a" #ater a(tioned t%en &od'e" "o#d t%e #ot ontendin't%at t%e %o("e, bein' b(i#t on t%e #and o! anot%er, $a" a mo/ab#e propert*.

ISSUE: " t%e %o("e a mo/ab#e propert*

RULING: No. Aordin' to Arti#e 33 o! t%e Ci/i# Code 4no$ 15, immo/ab#e propertie" aret%e !o##o$in': 6Land", b(i#din', road", and on"tr(tion" o! a## )ind" ad%erin' to t%e "oi#.

App#*in' t%e prinip#e o! (bi #e non di"tin'(it ne no" di"tin'(ere debem(, t%e #a$ ma)e" no

di"tintion a" to $%et%er t%e o$ner o! t%e #and i" or i" not t%e o$ner o! t%e b(i#din'. n t%e a"eo! immo/ab#e" b* de"tination, it i" re(ired t%at t%e* be p#aed b* t%e o$ner o! t%e tenement inorder to a(ire t%e "ame nat(re or on"ideration o! rea# propert*. n a"e" o! immo/ab#e b*inorporation, t%e ode no$%ere re(ire" t%at t%e atta%ment or inorporation be made b* t%eo$ner o! t%e #and. %e on#* riterion i" (nion or inorporation $it% t%e "oi#.

MINDANAO BUS COMPANY v. CITY ASSESSOR & TREASURERG.R. No. L-17870. September 29, 19+2.

FACTS: etitioner i" a p(b#i (ti#it* "o#e#* en'a'ed in tran"portin' pa""en'er" and ar'oe" b*

motor tr()". Re"pondent Cit* A""e""or o! Ca'a*an de ro Cit* a""e""ed at ,00petitioner" maintenane and repair materia#" $%i% $ere "ittin' on ement or $oodenp#at!orm". etitioner ontend" t%at t%e "aid ma%inerie" %a/e ne/er been or $ere ne/er ("ed a"ind("tria# e(ipment to prod(e !ini"%ed prod(t" !or "a#e, nor to repair ma%inerie", part" andt%e #i)e o!!ered to t%e 'enera# p(b#i indi"riminate#* !or b("ine"" or ommeria# p(rpo"e" !or $%i% petitioner %a" ne/er en'a'ed in, to date.

ISSUE: Are t%e maintenane and repair ma%inerie" immo/ab#e propertie"

RULING: No. ;e ma* di"tin'(i"% t%o"e mo/ab#e $%i% beome immobi#i<ed b* de"tinationbea("e t%e* are e""entia# and prinipa# e#ement" in t%e ind("tr* !or t%o"e $%i% ma* not be "oon"idered immobi#i<ed bea("e t%e* are mere#* inidenta#, not e""entia# and prinipa#. %e

too#" and e(ipment in (e"tion in t%i" in"tant a"e are, b* t%eir nat(re, not e""entia# andprinip#e m(niipa# e#ement" o! petitioner" b("ine"" o! tran"portin' pa""en'er" and ar'oe" b*motor tr()". %e* are mere#* inidenta#" = a(ired a" mo/ab#e" and ("ed on#* !or epedien* to !ai#itate and>or impro/e it" "er/ie. ?/en $it%o(t "(% too#" and e(ipment, it"b("ine"" ma* be arried on, a" petitioner %a" arried on, $it%o(t "(% e(ipment, be!ore t%e$ar.

A"ide !rom t%e e#ement o! e""entia#it*, Art. 15 45 a#"o re(ire" t%at t%e ind("tr* or $or)" bearried on in a b(i#din' or on a piee o! #and. @(t in t%e a"e at bar t%e e(ipment in (e"tion





are de"tined on#* to repair or "er/ie t%e tran"portation b("ine"", $%i% i" not arried on in ab(i#din' or permanent#* on a piee o! #and, a" demanded b* t%e #a$. Said e(ipment ma* not,t%ere!ore, be deemed rea# propert*.

MAKATI LEASING AND FINANCE CORPORATION v. WEAREVER TEXTILE MILLS, INC.G.R. No. L-58+9, 1+ a* 1983

FACTS: ri/ate re"pondent ;eare/er eti#e i##", n., di"o(nted and a""i'ned "e/era#reei/ab#e" $it% a)ati Lea"in' and Binane Corporation (nder a Reei/ab#e (r%a"e

A'reement. o "e(re t%e o##etion o! t%e reei/ab#e" a""i'ned, pri/ate re"pondent ee(ted aC%atte# ort'a'e o/er ertain ra$ materia#" in/entor* a" $e## a" ma%iner* de"ribed a" an

Arto" Aero r*er Stenterin' Ran'e.Dpon pri/ate re"pondent" de!a(#t, petitioner !i#ed a petition !or etra(diia# !ore#o"(re o! t%epropertie" mort'a'e to it. etitioner !i#ed a omp#aint !or (diia# !ore#o"(re !or $%i% t%e o(rti""(ed a $rit o! "ei<(re, t%e en!orement o! $%i% $a" %o$e/er "(b"e(ent#* re"trained (pon

pri/ate re"pondent" !i#in' o! a motion !or reon"ideration.%e Co(rt o! Appea#" re/er"ed t%e r(#in' o! t%e tria# o(rt and "aid t%at t%e ma%iner* in "(itannot be t%e "(bet o! rep#e/in, m(% #e"" o! a %atte# mort'a'e, bea("e it i" a rea# propert*p(r"(ant to Arti#e 15 o! t%e ne$ Ci/i# Code, t%e "ame bein' atta%ed to t%e 'ro(nd b* mean"o! bo#t" and t%e on#* $a* to remo/e it !rom re"pondent" p#ant $o(#d be to dri## o(t or de"tro* t%eonrete !#oor, t%e rea"on $%* a## t%at t%e "%eri!! o(#d do to en!ore t%e $rit $a" to ta)e t%emain dri/e motor o! "aid ma%iner*.

ISSUE: " t%e propert* per"ona# or rea#

RULING: er"ona# propert*. t m("t be pointed o(t t%at t%e %arateri<ation o! t%e "(betma%iner* a" %atte# b* t%e pri/ate re"pondent i" indiati/e o! intention and impre""e" (pon t%epropert* t%e %arater determined b* t%e partie". A" "tated in Standard i# Co. o! Ne$ Eor) /.Farami##o, %i#. +30, it i" (ndeniab#e t%at t%e partie" to a ontrat ma* b* a'reement treat a"per"ona# propert* t%at $%i% b* nat(re $o(#d be rea# propert*, a" #on' a" no intere"t o! t%irdpartie" $o(#d be pre(died t%ereb*.! a %o("e o! "tron' materia#", #i)e $%at $a" in/o#/ed in t%e a"e o! (ma#ad /. ienio, ma* beon"idered a" per"ona# propert* !or p(rpo"e" o! ee(tin' a %atte# mort'a'e t%ereon a" #on'a" t%e partie" to t%e ontrat "o a'ree and no innoent t%ird part* $i## be pre(died t%ereb*,t%ere i" ab"o#(te#* no rea"on $%* a ma%iner*, $%i% i" mo/ab#e in it" nat(re and beome"immobi#i<ed on#* b* de"tination or p(rpo"e, ma* not be #i)e$i"e treated a" "(%. %i" i" rea##*bea("e one $%o %a" "o a'reed i" e"topped !rom den*in' t%e ei"tene o! t%e %atte#mort'a'e.

SANTOS EVANGELISTA V. ALTO SURETY & INSURANCE CO. INC.G.R. No. L-11139 23 Apri# 1958

FACTS: n F(ne , 199, Santo" ?/an'e#i"ta in"tit(ted a i/i# a"e !or a "(m o! mone* a'ain"tRiardo Ri/era. n t%e "ame da*, %e obtained a $rit o! atta%ment, $%i% #e/ied (pon a %o("eb(i#t b* Ri/era on a #and #ea"ed to %im. n d(e o(r"e, (d'ment $a" rendered in !a/or o! ?/an'e#i"ta $%o bo('%t t%e %o("e at p(b#i a(tion %e#d in omp#iane $it% t%e $rit o!





ee(tion. %e orre"pondin' de!inite deed o! "a#e $a" i""(ed to %im on on tober 22, 1952,(pon epiration o! t%e period o! redemption. ;%en ?/an'e#i"ta "o('%t to ta)e po""e""ion o! t%e%o("e, Ri/era re!("ed to "(rrender it (pon t%e 'ro(nd t%at %e #ea"ed t%e propert* !rom t%e A#toS(ret* H n"(rane Co., n. and t%at t%e #atter i" no$ t%e tr(e o$ner o! "aid propert*.

A!ter d(e tria#, t%e Co(rt o! Bir"t n"tane o! ani#a rendered (d'ment in !a/or o! ?/an'e#i"ta.

%e dei"ion $a" re/er"ed b* t%e CA (pon t%e 'ro(nd t%at a#t%o('% t%e $rit o! atta%ment in!a/or o! ?/an'e#i"ta %ad been !i#ed $it% t%e Re'i"ter o! eed" prior to t%e "a#e in !a/or o! re"pondent, ?/an'e#i"ta did not a(ire t%ereb* a pre!erentia# #ien, t%e atta%ment %a/in' been#e/ied a" i! t%e %o("e in (e"tion $ere immo/ab#e propert*, a#t%o('% in t%e opinion o! t%e CA, iti" 6o"ten"ib#* a per"ona# propert*. A" "(%, t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" %e#d, It%e order o! atta%ment . . . "%o(#d %a/e been "er/ed in t%e manner pro/ided in "(b"etion 4e o! "etion 7o! R(#e 59,I o! t%e R(#e" o! Co(rt

ISSUE: Can a %o("e b(i#t on #ea"ed propert* b* t%e #e""ee be on"idered a" per"ona# propert*!or t%e p(rpo"e o! atta%ment

RULING: N. %e %o("e i" not per"ona# propert*, m(% #e"" a debt, redit or ot%er per"ona#

propert* not apab#e o! man(a# de#i/er*, b(t immo/ab#e propert*. A" ep#iit#* %e#d, in Ladera /.&od'e", 6a tr(e b(i#din' 4not mere#* "(perimpo"ed on t%e "oi# i" immo/ab#e or rea# propert*,$%et%er it i" ereted b* t%e o$ner o! t%e #and or b* D"(!r(t(ar* or #e""ee.t i" tr(e t%at t%e partie" to a deed o! %atte# mort'a'e ma* a'ree to on"ider a %o("e a"per"ona# propert* !or p(rpo"e" o! "aid ontrat. &o$e/er, t%i" /ie$ i" 'ood on#* in"o!ar a" t%eontratin' partie" are onerned. t i" ba"ed, part#*, (pon t%e prinip#e o! e"toppe#. Neit%er t%i"prinip#e, nor "aid /ie$, i" app#iab#e to "tran'er" to "aid ontrat. (% #e"" i" it in point $%eret%ere %a" been no ontrat $%at"oe/er, $it% re"pet to t%e "tat(" o! t%e %o("e in/o#/ed, a" int%e a"e at bar.

TSAI v. COURT OF APPEALS3++ SCRA 32

FACTS: Re"pondent ??R?J obtained t$o #oan" !rom petitioner @Com. A" "e(rit* !or t%e!ir"t #oan, a deed o! Rea# and C%atte# ort'a'e o/er t%e #ot $%ere it" !ator* "tand" and t%e%atte#" #oated t%erein, and t%e "eond #oan $a" "e(red b* a C%atte# ort'a'e o/er per"ona#propertie". ??R?J !i#ed !or in"o#/en* d(e to b("ine"" re/er"e". @Com ommenedetra(diia# !ore#o"(re proeedin'" a'ain"t ??R?J. @Com on"o#idated it" o$ner"%ipo/er t%e #ot and a## t%e propertie" in it.

ISSUE: Are t%e ontro/erted propertie" mo/ab#e

RDLNG: Ee". %e intent o! t%e partie" m("t be #oo)ed at. ;%i#e it i" tr(e t%at t%e ontro/ertedpropertie" appear to be immobi#e, a per("a# o! t%e ontrat o! Rea# and C%atte# ort'a'eee(ted b* t%e partie" %erein 'i/e" a ontrar* indiation. n t%e a"e at bar, bot% t%e tria# andt%e appe##ate o(rt" rea%ed t%e "ame !indin' t%at t%e tr(e intention o! @Com and t%e o$ner,??R?J, i" to treat ma%iner* and e(ipment a" %atte#".





SERG’S PRODUCTS, INC. v. PCI LEASING AND FINANCE338 SCRA 99

FACTS: Re"pondent C Lea"in' and Binane, n. !i#ed a omp#aint !or a "(m o! mone* $it%an app#iation !or a $rit o! rep#e/in. Re"pondent F(d'e i""(ed a $rit o! rep#e/in and in t%e

imp#ementation o! t%e "aid $rit, t%e "%eri!! proeeded to petitionerK" !ator*, "ei<ed ma%inerie".etitioner a""erted t%at propertie" "o('%t to be "ei<ed $ere immo/ab#e.

ISSUE: id t%e ma%inerie" beome rea# propert* b* /irt(e o! immobi#i<ation

RULING: No. %e ma%ine" are per"ona# propert* and t%e* are proper "(bet" o! t%e ;rit o! Rep#e/in. n t%e pre"ent a"e, t%e ma%ine" t%at $ere t%e "(bet" o! t%e ;rit o! Sei<(re $erep#aed b* petitioner" in t%e !ator* b(i#t on t%eir #and. %e* $ere e""entia# and prinipa#e#ement" o! t%eir %oo#ate-ma)in' ind("tr*. &ene, a#t%o('% ea% o! t%em $a" mo/ab#e or per"ona# propert* on it" o$n, a## o! t%em %a/e beome 6immobi#i<ed b* de"tination bea("et%e* are e""entia# and prinipa# e#ement" in t%e ind("tr*. &o$e/er, ontratin' partie" ma*/a#id#* "tip(#ate t%at a rea# propert* be on"idered a" per"ona#. %e A'reement bet$een t%e

partie" pro/ide" 6%e R?RE i", and "%a## at a## time" be and remain, per"ona# propert*not$it%"tandin' t%at t%e R?RE or an* part t%ereo! ma* no$ be, or %erea!ter beome, inan* manner a!!ied or atta%ed to or embedded in, or permanent#* re"tin' (pon, rea# propert* or an* b(i#din' t%ereon, or atta%ed in an* manner to $%at i" permanent.

A!ter a'reein' to "(% "tip(#ation, t%e* are on"e(ent#* e"topped !rom #aimin' ot%er$i"e.&ene, $%i#e t%e partie" are bo(nd b* t%e A'reement, t%ird per"on" atin' in 'ood !ait% are nota!!eted b* it" "tip(#ation %arateri<in' t%e "(bet ma%iner* a" per"ona#.

BURGOS vs. CHIEF OF STAFFG.R. No. L-+2+1. eember 2+, 198

FACTS: @* /irt(e o! a "ear% $arrant, ertain arti#e" ("ed in t%e printin', p(b#iation anddi"trib(tion o! t%e Ietropo#itan ai#I and I;e Bor(mI ne$"paper" $ere "ei<ed, amon' $%i%$ere printin' ma%ine". ;%i#e not #aimin' to be t%e o$ner" o! t%e #and and>or b(i#din' on$%i% t%e ma%ine" $ere p#aed, petitioner" #aim t%at t%e printin' ma%ine" are not "(bet to"ei<(re "ine t%e* are immo/ab#e propert* (nder Arti#e 1545 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code.

ISSUE: Are t%e printin' ma%ine" in (e"tion on"idered immo/ab#e propert*

RULING: No. ;%ere Arti#e 1545 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code i" in/o)ed, ma%iner* $%i% i"mo/ab#e b* nat(re beome" immobi#i<ed $%en p#aed b* t%e o$ner o! t%e tenement, propert*or p#ant, b(t not "o $%en p#aed b* a tenant, ("(!r(t(ar*, or an* ot%er per"on %a/in' on#* a

temporar* ri'%t, (n#e"" "(% per"on ated a" t%e a'ent o! t%e o$ner.

n t%i" a"e, petitioner" do not #aim to be t%e o$ner" o! t%e #and and>or b(i#din' on $%i% t%ema%inerie" $ere p#aed. %(", t%e ma%inerie" in (e"tion, $%i#e in !at bo#ted to t%e 'ro(nd,remain mo/ab#e propert* "("eptib#e to "ei<(re (nder a "ear% $arrant.





BURGOS vs. CHIEF OF STAFFG.R. No. L-+2+1. eember 2+, 198

BACS: @* /irt(e o! a "ear% $arrant, ertain arti#e" ("ed in t%e printin', p(b#iation anddi"trib(tion o! t%e Ietropo#itan ai#I and I;e Bor(mI ne$"paper" $ere "ei<ed, amon' $%i%

$ere printin' ma%ine". ;%i#e not #aimin' to be t%e o$ner" o! t%e #and and>or b(i#din' on$%i% t%e ma%ine" $ere p#aed, petitioner" #aim t%at t%e printin' ma%ine" are not "(bet to"ei<(re "ine t%e* are immo/ab#e propert* (nder Arti#e 1545 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code.

SSD?: Are t%e printin' ma%ine" in (e"tion on"idered immo/ab#e propert*

RDLNG: No. ;%ere Arti#e 1545 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code i" in/o)ed, ma%iner* $%i% i"mo/ab#e b* nat(re beome" immobi#i<ed $%en p#aed b* t%e o$ner o! t%e tenement, propert*or p#ant, b(t not "o $%en p#aed b* a tenant, ("(!r(t(ar*, or an* ot%er per"on %a/in' on#* atemporar* ri'%t, (n#e"" "(% per"on ated a" t%e a'ent o! t%e o$ner.n t%i" a"e, petitioner" do not #aim to be t%e o$ner" o! t%e #and and>or b(i#din' on $%i% t%ema%inerie" $ere p#aed. %(", t%e ma%inerie" in (e"tion, $%i#e in !at bo#ted to t%e 'ro(nd,remain mo/ab#e propert* "("eptib#e to "ei<(re (nder a "ear% $arrant.

YAP v. TANADAG.R. No. L-32917, 18 F(#* 198

FACTS: Re"pondent Go(#d" (mp" nternationa# n. !i#ed a omp#aint a'ain"t Eap and %i"$i!e, "ee)in' reo/er* o! #,59.30 repre"entin' t%e ba#ane o! t%e prie and in"ta##ation o"t o! a $ater p(mp in t%e #atter" premi"e". %e Cit* Co(rt deided in re"pondentK" !a/or. &ene, Eapappea#ed to t%e CB. CB F(d'e anada a#"o r(#ed in !a/or o! re"pondent. F(d'e anada i""(edan order 'rantin' Go(#d" otion !or ""(ane o! ;rit o! ?e(tion. F(d'e anada denied Eap"motion !or reon"ideration and a(t%ori<ed ee(tion o! t%e (d'ment. n t%e meantime t%eS%eri!! #e/ied on t%e $ater p(mp in (e"tion, and b* notie "%ed(#ed t%e ee(tion "a#et%ereo!. @(t in /ie$ o! t%e penden* o! Eap" motion !or reon"ideration, "("pen"ion o! t%e "a#e$a" direted b* t%e (d'e. t appear" %o$e/er t%at a op* o! t%i" order $a" not tran"mitted tot%e S%eri!! It%ro('% o/er"i'%t, inad/ertene and pre""(re o! $or)I o! t%e @ran% C#er) o! Co(rt.So t%e ep(t* ro/inia# S%eri!! $ent a%ead $it% t%e "%ed(#ed a(tion "a#e and "o#d t%epropert* #e/ied on to Go(#d" a" t%e %i'%e"t bidder. Eap !i#ed a motion to "et a"ide ee(tion "a#eand to (a"% a#ia" $rit o! ee(tion. &e ar'(ed t%at t%e "a#e $a" made $it%o(t t%e notiere(ired b* Se. 18, R(#e 39, o! t%e Ne$ R(#e" o! Co(rt, i.e., notie b* p(b#iation in a"e San@eda Co##e'e o! La$ CL LA; R??; 10 S 201-2015 o! ee(tion "a#e o! rea# propert*,t%e p(mp and it" ae""orie" bein' immo/ab#e bea("e atta%ed to t%e 'ro(nd $it% %arater o! permanen* 4Art. 15, Ci/i# Code. Eap" motion $a" t%erea!ter denied. F(d'e anada

pointed o(t t%at t%e motion %ad Ibeome moot and aademiI "ine t%e dei"ion reei/ed b*t%e de!endant %ad #on' beome !ina# $%en t%e order !or t%e i""(ane o! a $rit o! ee(tion $a"prom(#'ated.

ISSUE: " t%e $ater p(mp in/o#/ed an immo/ab#e propert* a" $%at petitioner #aimed a" aba"i" !or ann(##in' t%e ee(tion "a#e

RULING: N. %e Ci/i# Code on"ider" a" immo/ab#e propert*, amon' ot%er", an*t%in'





6atta%ed to an immo/ab#e in a !ied manner, in "(% a $a* t%at it annot be "eparatedt%ere!rom $it%o(t brea)in' t%e materia# or deterioration o! t%e obet. %e p(mp doe" not !it t%i"de"ription. t o(#d be, and $a" in !at "eparated !rom EapK" premi"e" $it%o(t bein' bro)en or "(!!erin' deterioration. b/io("#* t%e "eparation or remo/a# o! t%e p(mp in/o#/ed not%in' moreomp#iated t%an t%e #oo"enin' o! bo#t" or di"mant#in' o! ot%er !a"tener".

MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING SUPPLIES, INC v. COURT OF APPEALS,G.R. N!. L"#$%#, ' O()!*+ -'% FACTS: etitioner !i#ed a omp#aint !or rep#e/in in CB o! ani#a !or t%e reo/er* o! t%ema%inerie" and e(ipment de#i/ered to po Lime"tone Co, n. at t%eir !ator* in barrio @i'ti,Nor<a'ara*, @(#aan. Dpon app#iation e-parte o! t%e petitioner, aompanied b* t%e a!!ida/ito! Ramon S. Roo, pre"ident o! petitioner ompan*, and (pon appro/a# o! petitioner" bond,re"pondent (d'e i""(ed an order, ommandin' t%e ro/inia# S%eri!! o! @(#aan to "ei<e andta)e immediate po""e""ion o! t%e propertie" "pei!ied in t%e order. $o dep(t* "%eri!!" o! @(#aan, and ot%er te%nia# men and #aborer" proeeded to @i'ti, !or t%e p(rpo"e o! arr*in't%e o(rt" order into e!!et. Leonardo Contrera", mana'er o! t%e re"pondent Compan*, andedro orre", in %ar'e t%ereo!, met t%e dep(t* "%eri!!", and Contrera" %anded to t%em a #etter addre""ed to Att*. a#ad, prote"tin' a'ain"t t%e "ei<(re o! t%e propertie" in (e"tion, on t%e'ro(nd t%at t%e* are not per"ona# propertie". Contendin' t%at t%e S%eri!!" d(t* i" mere#*mini"teria#, t%e dep(t* "%eri!!", Roo, t%e #atter" re$ o! te%niian" and #aborer", Contrera"and orre", $ent to t%e !ator*. Roo" attention $a" a##ed to t%e !at t%at t%e e(ipment o(#dnot po""ib#* be di"mant#ed $it%o(t a("in' dama'e" or in(rie" to t%e $ooden !rame" atta%edto t%em. A" Roo in"i"ted in di"mant#in' t%e e(ipment on %i" o$n re"pon"ibi#it*, a##e'in' t%att%e bond $a" po"ted !or "(% e/ent(a#it*, t%e dep(t* "%eri!!" direted t%at "ome o! t%e "(pport"t%ereo! be (t.

ISSUE: Can t%e ma%inerie", $%i% o(#d not be di"mant#ed $it%o(t a("in' dama'e" or in(rie" to t%e !rame" atta%ed, be t%e proper "(bet" o! a $rit o! rep#e/in

RULING: N. ;%en t%e "%eri!! repaired to t%e premi"e" o! re"pondent, po Lime"tone Co., n.,t%e ma%iner* and e(ipment in (e"tion appeared to be atta%ed to t%e #and, parti(#ar#* to t%eonrete !o(ndation o! "aid premi"e", in a !ied manner, in "(% a $a* t%at t%e !ormer o(#d notbe "eparated !rom t%e #atter I$it%o(t brea)in' t%e materia# or deterioration o! t%e obet.I &ene,in order to remo/e "aid o(t!it, it beame nee""ar*, not on#* to (nbo#t t%e "ame, b(t, a#"o, to (t"ome o! it" $ooden "(pport". oreo/er, "aid ma%iner* and e(ipment $ere Iintended b* t%eo$ner o! t%e tenement !or an ind("tr*I arried on "aid immo/ab#e and tended Idiret#* to meett%e need" o! t%e "aid ind("tr*.I Bor t%e"e rea"on", t%e* $ere a#read* immo/ab#e propert*p(r"(ant to para'rap%" 3 and 5 o! Arti#e 15 o! Ci/i# Code o! t%e %i#ippine", $%i% are"(b"tantia##* identia# to para'rap%" 3 and 5 o! Arti#e 33 o! t%e Ci/i# Code o! Spain. A" "(%immo/ab#e propert*, t%e* $ere not "(bet to rep#e/in.

FELS E/+01, I/(. v. P!v2/(+ !3 B4)4/04sG.R. No. 1+8557, Bebr(ar* 1+, 2007

FACTS: n Fan(ar* 1993, t%e Nationa# o$er Corporation 4NC entered into a #ea"e ontrat





$it% o#ar ?ner'* o/er ; die"e# en'ine po$er bar'e" in @atan'a" !or a period o! 5 *ear".S(b"e(ent#*, o#ar a""i'ned it" ri'%t" (nder t%e a'reement to B?LS. NC initia##* oppo"ed. n

A('("t 1995, B?LS reei/ed an a""e""ment o! rea# propert* tae" on t%e bar'e". B?LSre!erred t%e matter to NC remindin' it o! it" ob#i'ation (nder t%e a'reement to pa* t%e rea#e"tate tae". NC "o('%t !or reon"ideration o! t%e dei"ion b(t t%e motion $a" denied. NC

!i#ed a petition to t%e Loa# @oard A""e""ment Appea#" o! @atan'a" 4L@AA. %e pro/inia# A""e""or a/erred t%at t%e bar'e" $ere rea# propert* !or t%e p(rpo"e o! taation. L@AA "ti##denied t%e petition !i#ed b* NC and ordered B?LS to pa* t%e tae".L@AA R(#in': po$er p#ant !ai#itie" are on"idered rea# propert* bea("e t%e* are in"ta##ed at a"pei!i #oation $it% a %arater o! permanen*. %e o$ner o! t%e bar'e"-B?LS i" a pri/ateorporation-i" t%e one bein' taed, not NC. %e a'reement $i## not ("ti!* t%e eemption o! B?LS.

etitioner" maintain ne/ert%e#e"" t%at t%e po$er bar'e" are eempt !rom rea# e"tate ta (nder Setion 23 4 o! R.A. No. 71+0 bea("e t%e* are at(a##*, diret#* and e#("i/e#* ("ed b*petitioner NC, a 'o/ernment- o$ned and ontro##ed orporation en'a'ed in t%e "(pp#*,'eneration, and tran"mi""ion o! e#etri po$er.

ISSUE: Are po$er bar'e" are rea# propert* and are t%(" "(bet to rea# propert* ta

RULING: E?S. %e C@AA and L@AA po$er bar'e" are rea# propert* and are t%(" "(bet torea# propert* ta. Arti#e 15 49 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at 6do)" and "tr(t(re"$%i%, t%o('% !#oatin', are intended b* t%eir nat(re and obet to remain at a !ied p#ae on ari/er, #a)e, or oa"t are on"idered immo/ab#e propert*. %(", po$er bar'e" are ate'ori<ed a"immo/ab#e propert* b* de"tination, bein' in t%e nat(re o! ma%iner* and ot%er imp#ement"intended b* t%e o$ner !or an ind("tr* or $or) $%i% ma* be arried on in a b(i#din' or on apiee o! #and and $%i% tend diret#* to meet t%e need" o! "aid ind("tr* or $or).

%e o$ner o! t%e taab#e propertie" i" petitioner B?LS, $%i% in !ine, i" t%e entit* bein' taed b*t%e #oa# 'o/ernment. A" "tip(#ated (nder Setion 2.11, Arti#e 2 o! t%e A'reement:

6;N?RS& B ;?R @ARG?S. LAR "%a## o$n t%e o$er @ar'e" and a## t%e !it(re",!ittin'", ma%iner* and e(ipment on t%e Site ("ed in onnetion $it% t%e o$er @ar'e" $%i%%a/e been "(pp#ied b* it at it" o$n o"t. LAR "%a## operate, mana'e and maintain t%e o$er @ar'e" !or t%e p(rpo"e o! on/ertin' B(e# o! NACR into e#etriit*.

t !o##o$" t%en t%at B?LS annot e"ape #iabi#it* !rom t%e pa*ment o! rea#t* tae" b* in/o)in' it"eemption in Setion 23 4 o! R.A. No. 71+0. ndeed, t%e #a$ "tate" t%at t%e ma%iner* m("tbe at(a##*, diret#* and e#("i/e#* ("ed b* t%e 'o/ernment o$ned or ontro##ed orporationne/ert%e#e"", petitioner B?LS "ti## annot !ind "o#ae.

CHINA BANKING CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 129++, ar% 7, 2000

FACTS: A#!on"o Roa" C%(a and %i" $i!e Mian' in' C%( C%(a $ere t%e o$ner" o! are"identia# #and in San F(an, etro ani#a. A notie o! #e/* a!!etin' t%e propert* $a" i""(ed inonnetion $it% Ci/i# Ca"e No. 82-113 entit#ed, IMetropolitan Bank and Trust Company,Plaintiff versus Pacific Multi Commercial Corporation and Alfonso Roxas Chua, Defendants,I





be!ore t%e Re'iona# ria# Co(rt. %e notie o! #e/* $a" in"ribed and annotated at t%e ba) o! t%e C 1+03. S(b"e(ent#*, Mian' in' C%( C%(a !i#ed a omp#aint a'ain"t t%e Cit* S%eri!! o! ani#a and etropo#itan @an) and r("t Compan*, (e"tionin' t%e #e/* o! t%e abo/ementionedpropert*. S%e a##e'ed t%at t%e (d'ment o! t%e o(rt in Ci/i# Ca"e No. 82-113 a'ain"t A#!on"oRoa" C%(a o(#d not be en!ored a'ain"t C 10+03 ina"m(% a" t%e #and "(bet t%ereo!

$a" t%e on('a# propert* o! t%e "po("e". %e partie" t%erea!ter entered into a ompromi"ea'reement to t%e e!!et t%at t%e #e/* on C 10+03 $a" /a#id and en!oreab#e on#* to t%eetent o! t%e (ndi/ided portion o! t%e propert* pertainin' to t%e on('a# "%are o! A#!on"o Roa"C%(a. etitioner C%ina @an) !i#ed $it% t%e Re'iona# ria# Co(rt o! ani#a an ation !or o##etiono! "(m o! mone* a'ain"t ai!i (#ti A'ro-nd("tria# Corporation and A#!on"o Roa" C%(a$%i% $a" do)eted a" Ci/i# Ca"e No. 85-31257. %e omp#aint $a" an%ored on t%ree 43promi""or* note" $it% an a''re'ate amo(nt o! 2,500,000.00 p#(" "tip(#ated intere"t. %e tria#o(rt r(#ed in !a/or o! petitioner.

An a#ia" notie o! #e/* on ee(tion on t%e one-%a#! (ndi/ided portion o! C 10+03 be#on'in'to A#!on"o C%(a $a" i""(ed in onnetion $it% Ci/i# Ca"e 82-113. %e notie $a" in"ribedand annotated at t%e ba) o! C 10+03 on and a erti!iate o! "a#e o/erin' t%e one-%a#!

(ndi/ided portion o! t%e propert* $a" ee(ted in !a/or o! etropo#itan @an) and r("tCompan*. %e erti!iate o! "a#e $a" in"ribed at t%e ba) o! t%e "aid C. A#!on"o Roa" C%(aee(ted a p(b#i in"tr(ment denominated a" IA""i'nment o! Ri'%t" to Redeem,I $%ereb* %ea""i'ned %i" ri'%t" to redeem t%e one-%a#! (ndi/ided portion o! t%e propert* to %i" "on, pri/atere"pondent a(#ino Roa" C%(a. a(#ino redeemed "aid one-%a#! "%are on t%e /er* "ame da*.%e in"tr(ment $a" in"ribed at t%e ba) o! C 10+03 a" ?ntr* No. 7+29, and t%e redemptiono! t%e propert* b* a(#ino $a" in"ribed a" ?ntr* No. 7+30. n t%e ot%er %and, in onnetion$it% Ci/i# Ca"e No. 85-31257, anot%er notie o! #e/* on ee(tion $a" i""(ed on Bebr(ar* ,1991 b* t%e ep(t* S%eri!! o! ani#a a'ain"t t%e ri'%t and intere"t o! A#!on"o Roa" C%(a inC 10+03. %erea!ter, a erti!iate o! "a#e on ee(tion dated Apri# 13, 1992 $a" i""(ed b*t%e S%eri!! o! @ran% 39, RC ani#a in Ci/i# Ca"e No. 85-31257, in !a/or o! C%ina @an) andin"ribed at t%e ba) o! C 10+03 a" ?ntr* No. 0189+ on a* , 1992. n a* 20, 1993,a(#ino Roa" C%(a and Mian' in' C%( C%(a in"tit(ted Ci/i# Ca"e No. +3199 be!ore t%e RCo! a"i', etro ani#a a'ain"t C%ina @an), a/errin' t%at a(#ino %a" a prior and better ri'%to/er t%e ri'%t", tit#e, intere"t and partiipation o! C%ina @an)in' Corporation in C 10+03 t%at

A#!on"o Roa" C%(a "o#d %i" ri'%t to redeem one-%a#! 41>2 o! t%e a!ore"aid on('a# propert* in%i" !a/or on No/ember 21, 1988 $%i#e C%ina @an)in' Corporation a(ired it" ri'%t !rom t%enotie o! #e/* o! ee(tion dated Fan(ar* 30, 1991 t%at t%e a""i'nment o! ri'%t" in %i" !a/or $a" annotated at t%e ba) o! C 10+03 on ar% 1, 1989 and in"ribed a" ?ntr* No. 7+29,and %i" redemption o! t%e propert* $a" e!!eted in an in"tr(ment dated Fan(ar* 11, 1989 andin"ribed and annotated at t%e ba) o! C 10+03 on ar% 1, 1989, t$o *ear" be!ore t%eannotation o! t%e ri'%t" o! C%ina @an)in' Corporation on C 10+03 on Bebr(ar* , 1991. %etria# o(rt r(#ed t%at t%e a""i'nment $a" made !or a /a#(ab#e on"ideration and $a" ee(tedt$o *ear" be!ore petitioner C%ina @an) #e/ied t%e on('a# "%are o! A#!on"o Roa" C%(a onC 10+03. %e tria# o(rt !o(nd t%at a(#ino redeemed t%e one-%a#! portion o! t%e propert*,("in' t%ere!or t%e amo(nt o! 100,000.00 $%i% %e $it%dre$ !rom %i" "a/in'" ao(nt a"e/idened b* %i" ban)boo) and t%e reeipt" o! etroban) !or %i" pa*ment o! t%e redemptionprie. %e o(rt noted t%at a(#ino at t%at time $a" a#read* o! a'e and %ad %i" o$n "o(re o! inome. n appea#, t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" a!!irmed t%e r(#in' o! t%e tria# o(rt.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e a""i'nment o! t%e ri'%t o! redemption made b* A#!on"o Roa" C%(ain !a/or o! pri/ate re"pondent a(#ino $a" done to de!ra(d %i" reditor" and ma* be re"inded(nder Arti#e 1387 o! t%e Ci/i# Code.





RULING: Dnder Arti#e 138143 o! t%e Ci/i# Code, ontrat" $%i% are (nderta)en in !ra(d o! reditor" $%en t%e #atter annot in an* manner o##et t%e #aim" d(e t%em, are re"i""ib#e.Dnder Arti#e 1387, t%e #a$ pre"(me" t%at t%ere i" !ra(d o! reditor" $%en: a %ere i" a#ienationo! propert* b* 'rat(ito(" tit#e b* t%e debtor $%o %a" not re"er/ed "(!!iient propert* to pa* %i"

debt" ontrated be!ore "(% a#ienation or b %ere i" a#ienation o! propert* b* onero(" tit#emade b* a debtor a'ain"t $%om "ome (d'ment %a" been rendered in an* in"tane or "ome$rit o! atta%ment %a" been i""(ed. %e dei"ion or atta%ment need not re!er to t%e propert*a#ienated and need not %a/e been obtained b* t%e part* "ee)in' re"i""ion.

A!ter %i" on('a# "%are in C 10+03 $a" !ore#o"ed b* etroban), t%e on#* propert* t%at A#!on"o Roa" C%(a %ad $a" %i" ri'%t to redeem t%e "ame, it !ormin' part o! %i" patrimon*.Iropert*I (nder i/i# #a$ ompre%end" e/er* "peie" o! tit#e, in%oate or omp#ete, #e'a# or e(itab#e.

A#!on"o Roa" C%(a "o#d %i" ri'%t o! redemption to %i" "on, a(#ino Roa" C%(a, in 1988.%erea!ter, a(#ino redeemed t%e propert* and a("ed t%e annotation t%ereo! at t%e ba) o!

C 10+03. %i" preeded t%e annotation o! t%e #e/* o! ee(tion in !a/or o! C%ina @an) b*t$o 42 *ear" and t%e erti!iate o! "a#e in !a/or o! C%ina @an) b* more t%an t%ree 43 *ear". nt%i" ba"i", t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" on#(ded t%at t%e a##e'ation o! !ra(d made b* petitioner C%ina@an) i" /a'(e and (n"(b"tantiated. S(% on#("ion, %o$e/er, r(n" o(nter to t%e #a$app#iab#e in t%e a"e at bar. na"m(% a" t%e (d'ment o! t%e tria# o(rt in !a/or o! C%ina @an)a'ain"t A#!on"o Roa" C%(a $a" rendered a" ear#* a" 1985, t%ere i" a pre"(mption t%at t%e1988 "a#e o! %i" propert*, in t%i" a"e t%e ri'%t o! redemption, i" !ra(d(#ent (nder Arti#e 1387 o! t%e Ci/i# Code. %e !at t%at pri/ate re"pondent a(#ino Roa" C%(a redeemed t%e propert*and a("ed it" annotation on t%e C more t%an t$o *ear" a%ead o! petitioner C%ina @an) i" o! no moment. A" "tated in t%e a"e o! Cabali vs! "adorra, It%e partie" %ere do not "tand ine(ipoi"e, !or t%e petitioner" %a/e in t%eir !a/or, by a specific provision of la , t%e pre"(mptiono! !ra(d(#ent tran"ation $%i% i" not o/erome b* t%e mere !at t%at t%e deed" o! "a#e $ere int%e nat(re o! p(b#i in"tr(ment".I%i" pre"(mption i" "tren't%ened b* t%e !at t%at t%e on/e*ane %a" /irt(a##* #e!t A#!on"o"ot%er reditor" $it% no ot%er propert* to atta%

LAUREL vs GARCIAG.R. No. 92013 F(#* 25, 1990

FACTS: %e "(bet propert* in t%i" a"e i" one o! t%e !o(r 4 propertie" in Fapan a(ired b*t%e %i#ippine 'o/ernment (nder t%e Reparation" A'reement entered into $it% Fapan. %eRoppon'i propert* $a" a(ired !rom t%e Fapane"e 'o/ernment and a" intended, it beame t%e"ite o! t%e %i#ippine ?mba""* (nti# t%e #atter $a" tran"!erred to Nampeidai $%en t%e Roppon'ib(i#din' needed maor repair". (e to t%e !ai#(re o! o(r 'o/ernment to pro/ide nee""ar* !(nd",t%e Roppon'i propert* %a" remained (nde/e#oped "ine t%at time.%e re"ident i""(ed ?e(ti/e rder No. 29+ entit#in' non-Bi#ipino iti<en" or entitie" to a/ai#o! "eparation" apita# 'ood" and "er/ie" in t%e e/ent o! "a#e, #ea"e or di"po"ition. %e !o(r propertie" in Fapan in#(din' t%e Roppon'i $ere "pei!ia##* mentioned in t%e !ir"t I;%erea"I#a("e. Amid"t oppo"ition b* /ario(" "etor", t%e ?e(ti/e bran% o! t%e 'o/ernment %a" beenp("%in', $it% 'reat /i'or, it" dei"ion to "e## t%e reparation" propertie" "tartin' $it% t%eRoppon'i #ot. %e"e petition" %a/e been on"o#idated and are re"o#/ed at t%e "ame time !or





t%e obeti/e i" t%e "ame - to "top t%e "a#e o! t%e Roppon'i propert*.

ISSUES:1. ;N t%e Roppon'i propert* %a" beome patrimonia# propert* o! t%e State2. ;N Roppon'i propert* and ot%er" o! it" )ind Can be a#ienated b* t%e %i#ippine

Go/ernment

HELD:1. No. %e Roppon'i propert* i" orret#* #a""i!ied (nder para'rap% 2 o! Arti#e 20 o! t%e Ci/i#Code a" propert* be#on'in' to t%e State and intended !or "ome p(b#i "er/ie. %e !at t%at t%eRoppon'i "ite %a" not been ("ed !or a #on' time !or at(a# ?mba""* "er/ie doe" nota(tomatia##* on/ert it to patrimonia# propert*. An* "(% on/er"ion %appen" on#* i! t%epropert* i" $it%dra$n !rom p(b#i ("e. A propert* ontin(e" to be part o! t%e p(b#i domain, nota/ai#ab#e !or pri/ate appropriation or o$ner"%ip (nti# t%ere i" a !orma# de#aration on t%e part o! t%e 'o/ernment to $it%dra$ it !rom bein' "(%. Abandonment annot be in!erred !rom t%e non-("e a#one "peia##* i! t%e non-("e $a" attrib(tab#e not to t%e 'o/ernment" o$n de#iberate andind(bitab#e $i## b(t to a #a) o! !inania# "(pport to repair and impro/e t%e propert*.

Abandonment m("t be a ertain and po"iti/e at ba"ed on orret #e'a# premi"e". %e reent Admini"trati/e rder" a(t%ori<in' a "t(d* o! t%e "tat(" and ondition" o! 'o/ernment propertie"in Fapan $ere mere#* direti/e" !or in/e"ti'ation b(t did not in an* $a* "i'ni!* a #ear intentionto di"po"e o! t%e propertie".

2. No. A" propert* o! p(b#i dominion, t%e Roppon'i #ot i" o(t"ide t%e ommere o! man. tannot be a#ienated. t" o$ner"%ip i" a "peia# o##eti/e o$ner"%ip !or 'enera# ("e andeno*ment, an app#iation to t%e "ati"!ation o! o##eti/e need", and re"ide" in t%e "oia# 'ro(p.%e p(rpo"e i" not to "er/e t%e State a" a (ridia# per"on, b(t t%e iti<en" it i" intended !or t%eommon and p(b#i $e#!are and annot be t%e obet o! appropration.

RABUCO vs VILLEGASG.R. No. L-2++1 Bebr(ar* 28, 197

FACTS: %e ori'in and ba)'ro(nd o! t%e a"e" at bar dea# $it% t%e dei"i/e i""(e o! on"tit(tiona#it* o! Rep(b#i At 3120. %e "tat(te epre""#* de#ared t%at pare# o! #and in San

Andre", a#ate $ere Ireserved as communal property I and ordered t%eir on/er"ion intoIdi"po"ab#e and a#ienab#e #and" o! t%e StateI !or "a#e in "ma## #ot" to t%e bona !ide o(pant"t%ereo!. Re"pondent" it* o!!iia#" ontention t%at t%e At m("t be "tri)en do$n a"(non"tit(tiona# !or depri/in' t%e it* o! ani#a o! t%e #ot" in (e"tion and pro/idin' !or t%eir "a#ein "(bdi/ided "ma## #ot" to bona !ide o(pant" or tenant" $it%o(t pa*ment o! ("tompen"ation.

ISSUE: ;N R.A 3120 i" (non"tit(tiona#

RULING: No. %e Co(rt t%erein rea!!irmed t%e e"tab#i"%ed 'enera# r(#e t%at Ire'ard#e"" o! t%e"o(re or #a""i!iation o! #and in t%e po""e""ion o! a m(niipa#it*, exceptin# t%o"e a(ired $it%it" o$n !(nd" in it" pri/ate or orporate apait*, "(% propert* i" %e#d in tr("t !or t%e State !or t%e bene!it o! it" in%abitant", $%et%er it be !or 'o/ernmenta# or proprietar* p(rpo"e". t %o#d""(% #and" "(bet to t%e paramount poer of the le#islature to di"po"e o! t%e "ame, !or a!ter a##it o$e" it" creation to it a" an a#ent !or t%e per!ormane o! a part o! it" public ork , t%e





m(niipa#it* bein' b(t a "(bdi/i"ion or in"tr(menta#it* t%ereo! !or p(rpo"e" o! #oa#admini"tration. Aordin'#*, t%e #e'a# "it(ation i" t%e "ame a" i! t%e State it"e#! %o#d" t%epropert* and p(t" it to a di!!erent ("eI and "tre""ed t%at It%e propert*, a" %a" been pre/io("#*"%o$n, $a" not a(ired b* t%e Cit* o! ani#a $it% it" o$n !(nd" in it" pri/ate or proprietar*apait*. %at it %a" in it" name a re'i"tered tit#e i" not (e"tioned, b(t t%i" tit#e "%o(#d be

deemed to be held in trust for the "tate a" t%e #and o/ered t%ereb* $a" part o! t%e territor* o! t%e Cit* o! ani#a 'ranted b* t%e "o/erei'n (pon it" reation.

MACASIANO v. DIOKNO212 SCRA +

BACS: (niipa#it* o! araa(e pa""ed rdinane No. 8+ $%i% a(t%ori<ed t%e #o"(re o! t%ree "treet" at @a#aran and t%e e"tab#i"%ment o! a !#ea mar)et t%ereon. %i" $a" pa""edp(r"(ant to C rdinane No.2 and $a" appro/ed b* t%e etropo#itan ani#a A(t%orit* onF(#* 20, 1990. Re"pondent m(niipa#it* and a "er/ie ooperati/e, a#an*a', entered into a

ontrat a'reement $%ereb* t%e #atter "%a## operate, maintain H mana'e t%e !#ea mar)et" and>or /endin' area" in t%e a!orementioned "treet" $it% t%e ob#i'ation to remit d(e" to t%e trea"(r* o! t%e m(niipa# 'o/ernment o! araa(e. n September 13, 1990 @ri'. Gen. aa"ianoordered t%e de"tr(tion and on!i"ation o! "ta##" a#on' t%e "treet". &e a#"o $rote a #etter toa#an*a' orderin' t%e de"tr(tion o! t%e !#ea mar)et. Re"pondent !i#ed a oint petition pra*in' !or pre#iminar* in(ntion. %e tria# o(rt (p%e#d t%e a""ai#ed rdinane and enoined petitioner !romen!orin' %i" #etter-order a'ain"t a#an*a'.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not an ordinane>re"o#(tion i""(ed b* t%e m(niipa# o(ni# o! araa(ea(t%ori<in' t%e #ea"e H ("e o! p(b#i "treet">t%oro('%!are" a" "ite" !or t%e !#ea mar)et i" /a#id.

HELD: %e t%ree "treet" are #oa# road" ("ed !or p(b#i "er/ie and are t%ere!ore on"ideredp(b#i propertie" o! re"pondent m(niipa#it*. ropertie" o! t%e #oa# 'o/ernment de/oted top(b#i "er/ie are deemed p(b#i and are (nder t%e ab"o#(te ontro# o! Con're"". &ene, #oa#'o/ernment" %a/e no a(t%orit* to ontro#>re'(#ate t%e ("e o! p(b#i propertie" (n#e"" "pei!ia(t%orit* i" /e"ted (pon t%em b* Con're"". Dnder t%e Loa# Go/ernment Code, t%e #o"(re"%o(#d be !or t%e "o#e p(rpo"e o! $it%dra$in' t%e road or ot%er p(b#i propert* !rom p(b#i ("e$%en ir(m"tane" "%o$ t%at "(% propert* i" no #on'er intended>nee""ar* !or p(b#i("e>"er/ie. ne $it%dra$n, t%e propert* t%en beome" patrimonia# propert* o! t%e LGDonerned and on#* t%en an "aid LGD ("e t%e propert* a" an obet o! an ordinar*ontrat. Road" and "treet" a/ai#ab#e to t%e p(b#i and ordinari#* ("ed !or /e%i(#ar tra!!i are"ti## on"idered p(b#i propert* de/oted to p(b#i ("e. %e LGD %a" no po$er to ("e it !or anot%er p(rpo"e or to di"po"e o! or #ea"e it to pri/ate per"on".

R+56*72( v. C!6) !3 A55+47s- SCRA 89'

FACTS: Fo"e!ina orato %a" !i#ed !or patent o/er a pare# o! #and, o! $%i% $a" 'ranted(nder t%e ondition t%at %e $o(#d not en(mber it !or a period o! 5 *ear" !rom i""(ane o!patent. &o$e/er, t%e 'o/ernment !o(nd o(t t%at %e /io#ated t%i" ondition $%en %e mort'a'ed





and #ea"ed t%e #ot". %e 'o/ernment "o('%t !or t%e re/oation o! t%e patent i""(ed. %e tria#o(rt and appe##ate o(rt deided in !a/or o! t%e re"pondent". etitioner" a#"o ontend t%at t%eo(rt erred in %o#din' t%at t%e (e"tioned #and i" part o! a di"po"ab#e p(b#i #and and not a!ore"%ore #and.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e propert* i" a di"po"ab#e p(b#i #and.

RULING: No. Bore"%ore #and" %a/e been de!ined to be t%at part o! t%e #and $%i% i"bet$een t%e %i'% and #o$ $ater and #e!t dr* b* t%e !#( and re!#( o! t%e tide". %i" i" t%e"trip o! #and t%at #ie" bet$een t%e %i'% and #o$ $atermar)" and t%at i" a#ternati/e#* $etand dr* aordin' to t%e !#o$ o! t%e tide. Bore"%ore #and" ma* not an*more be t%e "(beto! i""(ane o! !ree patent".

;%en t%e "ea$ater mo/e" to$ard t%e e"tate o! an o$ner, t%e in/aded propert* beome"!ore"%ore #and and beome" part o! t%e p(b#i domain. Citin' t%e a"e o! Go/ernment /".Caban'i", t%e #and (nder t%e orren" "*"tem $%i% beome" part o! t%e !ore"%ore #and re/ert"to t%e p(b#i domain and t%e tit#e i" ann(##ed.

CHAVES VS PUBLIC ESTATES AUTHORITY

FACTS: re". aro" reated re"pondent $it% t%e mandate to re#aim area" in ani#a ba*.(r"(ant to "(% obeti/e, t%e #a$ a#"o pro/ided t%at t%e re#aimed #and" "%a##.be re'i"tered tore"pondent. S(b"e(ent#*, re"pondent entered into a oint /ent(re $it% Amari, a t%aiorporation, !or t%e p(rpo"e o! ma)in' t%e re#aimed area a" I!reedom i"#and"I

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e re#aimed area" are patrimonia# propertie" o! t%e "tate andt%ere!ore, $it%in t%e ommere o! man.

RULING: No. %e 592.15 %etare" o! "(bmer'ed area" o! ani#a @a* remain ina#ienab#enat(ra# re"o(re" o! t%e p(b#i domain (nti# #a""i!ied a" a#ienab#e or di"po"ab#e #and" open todi"po"ition and de#ared no #on'er needed !or p(b#i "er/ie. %e 'o/ernment an ma)e "(%#a""i!iation and de#aration on#* a!ter ?A %a" re#aimed t%e"e "(bmer'ed area". n#* t%enan t%e"e #and" (a#i!* a" a'ri(#t(ra# #and" o! t%e p(b#i domain, $%i% are t%e on#* nat(ra#re"o(re" t%e 'o/ernment an a#ienate. n t%eir pre"ent "tate, t%e 592.15 %etare" o! "(bmer'ed area" are ina#ienab#e and o(t"ide t%e ommere o! man.

PROVINCE OF AMBOANGA VS CITY OF AMBOANGA

FACTS: Re"pondent $a" a !ormer m(niipa#it* and apito# o! t%e petitioner pro/ine. %r( a #a$pa""ed b* t%e on're"", re"pondent $a" on/erted to a it* and $a" a##o$ed to p(r%a"e t%e





propertie" o! t%e pro/ine $it%in it" territor*. S(b"e(ent#*, petitioner $a" di/ided intoOamboan'a de# norte and de# "(r. n e!!et, t%e propertie" o! t%e pro/ine $ere di/idedproportionate#*. %e propertie" "o('%t to be bo('%t b* re"pondent $ere tran"!erred to de# norte,%erein petitioner.

Con!#it" aro"e $%en t%e on're"" pa""ed anot%er #a$, 'i/in' t%e propertie"4t%o"e #oated$it%in it*" territor* o! t%e !ormer pro/ine o! Oamboan'a to t%e ne$#* reated it* o! <amboan'a !ree o! %ar'e.

ISSUE: oe" t%e on're"" %a/e t%e po$er to ede t%e "(bet propertie" to it* o! <amboan'a!ree o! %ar'e

RULING: NoP %e prinip#e it"e#! i" "imp#e: ! t%e propert* i" o$ned b* t%e m(niipa#it* 4meanin'm(niipa# orporation in it" p(b#i and 'o/ernmenta# apait*, t%e propert* i" p(b#i andCon're"" %a" ab"o#(te ontro# o/er it. @(t i! t%e propert* i" o$ned in it" pri/ate or proprietar*apait*, t%en it i" patrimonia# and Con're"" %a" no ab"o#(te ontro#. %e m(niipa#it* annotbe depri/ed o! it $it%o(t d(e proe"" and pa*ment o! ("t ompen"ation.

%e apait* in $%i% t%e propert* i" %e#d i", %o$e/er, dependent on t%e ("e to $%i% it i"intended and de/oted. No$, $%i% o! t$o norm", i.e., t%at o! t%e Ci/i# Code or t%at obtainin'(nder t%e #a$ o! (niipa# Corporation", m("t be ("ed in #a""i!*in' t%e propertie" in (e"tion%e ontro/er"* %ere i" more a#on' t%e domain" o! t%e La$ o! (niipa# Corporation" = State/". ro/ine = t%an a#on' t%at o! Ci/i# La$. oreo/er, t%i" Co(rt i" not in#ined to %o#d t%atm(niipa# propert* %e#d and de/oted to p(b#i "er/ie i" in t%e "ame ate'or* a" ordinar*pri/ate propert*. %e on"e(ene" are dire. A" ordinar* pri/ate propertie", t%e* an be #e/ied(pon and atta%ed. %e* an e/en be a(ired t%r( ad/er"e po""e""ion = a## t%e"e to t%edetriment o! t%e #oa# omm(nit*. La"t#*, t%e #a""i!iation o! propertie" ot%er t%an t%o"e !or p(b#i ("e in t%e m(niipa#itie" a" patrimonia# (nder Art. 2 o! t%e Ci/i# Code = i" I... $it%o(tpre(die to t%e pro/i"ion" o! "peia# #a$".I Bor p(rpo"e o! t%i" arti#e, t%e prinip#e", obtainin'(nder t%e La$ o! (niipa# Corporation" an be on"idered a" I"peia# #a$"I. &ene, t%e

#a""i!iation o! m(niipa# propert* de/oted !or di"tint#* 'o/ernmenta# p(rpo"e" a" p(b#i"%o(#d pre/ai# o/er t%e Ci/i# Code #a""i!iation in t%i" parti(#ar a"e.

VILLARICO VS SARMIENTOG.R. No. 13+38, No/ember 11, 200

FACTS: eo!i#o C. i##ario, petitioner, i" t%e o$ner o! a #ot in La &(erta, araa(e Cit*, etroani#a. etitionerK" #ot i" "eparated !rom t%e Nino* A(ino A/en(e b* a "trip o! #and be#on'in'to t%e 'o/ernment. Sometime in 1991, i/enio Sarmiento, %i" da('%ter @e""ie Sarmiento and

%er %("band @et% e# (ndo, re"pondent" %erein, %ad a b(i#din' on"tr(ted on a portion o! "aid 'o/ernment #and. n 1993, b* mean" o! a eed o! ?%an'e o! Rea# ropert*, petitioner a(ired a 7.30 "(are meter portion o! t%e "ame area o$ned b* t%e 'o/ernment. %epropert* $a" re'i"tered in %i" name a" .C.. No. 730 in t%e Re'i"tr* o! eed" o! araa(eCit*. n 1995, petitioner !i#ed $it% t%e RC, @ran% 259, araa(e Cit*, a omp#aint !or aionp(b#iiana a'ain"t re"pondent", a##e'in' inter a#ia t%at re"pondent"K "tr(t(re" on t%e'o/ernment #and #o"ed %i" Iri'%t o! $a*I to t%e Nino* A(ino A/en(e. Re"pondent", in t%eir an"$er, "pei!ia##* denied petitionerK" a##e'ation", #aimin' t%at t%e* %a/e been i""(ed #ien"e"and permit" b* araa(e Cit* to on"tr(t t%eir b(i#din'" on t%e area and t%at petitioner %a"





no ri'%t o/er t%e "(bet propert* a" it be#on'" to t%e 'o/ernment.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e petitioner" are entit#ed to a ri'%t o! $a* on t%e propert* be#on'in' tot%e "tate

RULING: t i" not di"p(ted t%at t%e #ot on $%i% petitionerK" a##e'ed Iri'%t o! $a*I ei"t" be#on'"to t%e "tate or propert* o! p(b#i dominion. ropert* o! p(b#i dominion i" o(t"ide t%e ommereo! man and %ene it: 41 annot be a#ienated or #ea"ed or ot%er$i"e be t%e "(bet matter o! ontrat" 42 annot be a(ired b* pre"ription a'ain"t t%e State 43 i" not "(bet toatta%ment and ee(tion and 4 annot be b(rdened b* an* /o#(ntar* ea"ement. Con"iderin't%at t%e #ot on $%i% t%e "tair$a*" $ere on"tr(ted i" a propert* o! p(b#i dominion, it annotbe b(rdened b* a /o#(ntar* ea"ement o! ri'%t o! $a* in !a/or o! %erein petitioner. n !at, it" ("eb* t%e p(b#i i" b* mere to#erane o! t%e 'o/ernment t%ro('% t%e ;&. etitioner annotappropriate it !or %im"e#!. eri#*, %e annot #aim an* ri'%t o! po""e""ion o/er it.

REPUBLIC VS. T.A.N. PROPERTIES INC.G.R. No. 15953, F(ne 2+, 2008

FACTS: %i" a"e ori'inated !rom an App#iation !or ri'ina# Re'i"tration o! it#e !i#ed b* .A.N.ropertie", n. o/erin' Lot 10705-@ $%i% i" a portion o! Sto. oma" Cada"tre. (rin' t%e%earin'", re"pondent pre"ented t%ree $itne""e". %e te"timonie" o! re"pondentK" $itne""e""%o$ed t%at ro"pero ima*('a 4Mabe"an' (ro* %ad peae!(#, ad/er"e, open, andontin(o(" po""e""ion o! t%e #and in t%e onept o! an o$ner "ine 192. Dpon %i" deat%,Mabe"an' (ro* $a" "(eeded b* %i" "on Antonio ima*('a 4Antonio. n 27 September 19+0, Antonio ee(ted a eed o! onation o/erin' t%e #and in !a/or o! one o! %i" %i#dren,Bort(nato ima*('a 4Bort(nato. Later, %o$e/er, Antonio 'a/e Bort(nato anot%er piee o! #and.&ene, on 2+ Apri# 19+1, Antonio ee(ted a artia# Re/oation o! onation, and t%e #and $a"ad(diated to one o! AntonioK" %i#dren, ro"pero ima*('a 4ortin'. n 8 A('("t 1997,ortin' "o#d t%e #and to re"pondent.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e #and i" a#ienab#e and di"po"ab#e and %ene, ma* be tran"!erred tot%e re"pondent"

RULING: %e $e##-entren%ed r(#e i" t%at a## #and" not appearin' to be #ear#* o! pri/atedominion pre"(mab#* be#on' to t%e State. %e onus to o/ert(rn, b* inontro/ertib#e e/idene,t%e pre"(mption t%at t%e #and "(bet o! an app#iation !or re'i"tration i" a#ienab#e anddi"po"ab#e re"t" $it% t%e app#iant. n t%i" a"e, re"pondent "(bmitted t$o erti!iation" i""(edb* t%e epartment o! ?n/ironment and Nat(ra# Re"o(re" 4?NR. t%e erti!iation i""(ed b*t%e Re'iona# e%nia# iretor, BS-?NR, in t%e !orm o! a memorand(m to t%e tria# o(rt,%a" no probati/e /a#(e. n addition, t%ere $a" no open, ontin(o(", e#("i/e and notorio("po""e""ion and o$ner"%ip in t%e onept o! an o$ner. %e ta de#aration" pre"ented $ereon#* !or t%e *ear" "tartin' 1955. ;%i#e ta de#aration" are not on#("i/e e/idene o! o$ner"%ip, t%e* on"tit(te proo! o! #aim o! o$ner"%ip. Re"pondent did not pre"ent an* redib#eep#anation $%* t%e rea#t* tae" $ere on#* paid "tartin' 1955 on"iderin' t%e #aim t%at t%eima*('a" $ere a##e'ed#* in po""e""ion o! t%e #and be!ore 195. %e pa*ment o! t%e rea#t*tae" "tartin' 1955 'i/e" ri"e to t%e pre"(mption t%at t%e ima*('a" #aimed o$ner"%ip or po""e""ion o! t%e #and on#* in t%at *ear.





OWNERSHIP

;AVIER v. VERIDIANO IIG.R. No. L-8050, 10 tober 199

FACTS: n eember 1970, a##e'in' t%at "%e $a" !orib#* di"po""e""ed o! a portion o! t%e #andb* a ertain @en @abo#, petitioner in"tit(ted a omp#aint !or !orib#e entr* be!ore t%e Cit* Co(rt o! #on'apo Cit*. %e Cit* Co(rt o! #on'apo Cit* di"mi""ed t%e a"e on t%e 'ro(nd t%at Iitappear" to t%e Co(rt t%at t%e @(rea( o! Land" %a" on"idered t%e area in (e"tion to be o(t"ideLot 1+1 o! t%e p#ainti!!. . . .I

S(b"e(ent#*, in eember 1973, petitioner $a" 'ranted i"e##aneo(" Sa#e" atent No. 558and i""(ed an ri'ina# Certi!iate o! it#e o/erin' Lot No. 1+1. ean$%i#e, @en @abo# "o#d t%epropert* %e $a" o(p*in', in#(din' t%e portion o! abo(t 200 "(are meter" in (e"tion, to aertain Reino Ro"ete.

n F(ne 1977, or a!ter abo(t !o(r 4 *ear" !rom t%e !ina#it* o! t%e di"mi""a# o! Ci/i# Ca"e No.92+, petitioner in"tit(ted a omp#aint !or (ietin' o! tit#e and reo/er* o! po""e""ion $it%dama'e" a'ain"t @en @abo# and Reino Ro"ete. n"tead o! !i#in' a re"pon"i/e p#eadin', t%ereinde!endant Reino Ro"ete 4pri/ate re"pondent %erein mo/ed to di"mi"" t%e omp#aint on t%e'ro(nd o! re" (diata.

ISSUE: " t%ere identit* o! a("e" o! ation i! t%e !ir"t a"e i" an eetment "(it and t%e "eondi" an aion rei/indiatoria

RULING: No. %e !ir"t a"e i" a omp#aint !or !orib#e entr*, $%ere $%at i" at i""(e i" prior po""e""ion, re'ard#e"" o! $%o %a" #a$!(# tit#e o/er t%e di"p(ted propert*. %e on#* i""(e in anation !or !orib#e entr* i" t%e p%*"ia# or materia# po""e""ion o! rea# propert*, t%at i",po""e""ion de !ato and not po""e""ion de (re. A (d'ment rendered in a a"e !or reo/er* o! po""e""ion i" on#("i/e on#* on t%e (e"tion o! po""e""ion and not on t%e o$ner"%ip. t doe"not in an* $a* bind t%e tit#e or a!!et t%e o$ner"%ip o! t%e #and or b(i#din'.

%e "eond a"e i" in rea#it* an ation to reo/er a pare# o! #and or an aion rei/indiatoria(nder Art. 3 o! t%e Ci/i# Code, and "%o(#d be di"tin'(i"%ed !rom t%e !ir"t a"e, $%i% i" anaion interdita#. Aion rei/indiatoria or aion de rei/indiaion i" an ation $%ereb* p#ainti!! a##e'e" o$ner"%ip o/er a pare# o! #and and "ee)" reo/er* o! it" !(## po""e""ion. t i" di!!erent!rom aion interdita# or aion p(b#iiana $%ere p#ainti!! mere#* a##e'e" proo! o! a better ri'%tto po""e"" $it%o(t #aim o! tit#e.

MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY v. CAG.R. N. 155+50, F(#* 20, 200+

FACTS: etitioner ani#a nternationa# Airport A(t%orit* 4AA reei/ed Bina# Notie" o! Rea#?"tate a e#in(en* !rom t%e Cit* o! araa(e !or t%e taab#e *ear" 1992 to 2001.





%e Cit* o! araa(e, t%ro('% it" Cit* rea"(rer, i""(ed notie" o! #e/* and $arrant" o! #e/* ont%e Airport Land" and @(i#din'". %e a*or o! t%e Cit* o! araa(e t%reatened to "e## at p(b#ia(tion t%e Airport Land" and @(i#din'" "%o(#d AA !ai# to pa* t%e rea# e"tate ta de#in(en*.AA !i#ed $it% t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" an ori'ina# petition !or pro%ibition and in(ntion, $it% pra*er !or pre#iminar* in(ntion or temporar* re"trainin' order "ee)in' to re"train t%e Cit* o!

araa(e !rom impo"in' rea# e"tate ta on, #e/*in' a'ain"t, and a(tionin' !or p(b#i "a#e t%e Airport Land" and @(i#din'". AA ontend" t%at Airport Land" and @(i#din'" are o$ned b* t%eRep(b#i. %e 'o/ernment annot ta it"e#!.

ISSUE: Are airport #and" and b(i#din'" o! AA propertie" o! p(b#i dominion

RULING: Ee". %e Airport Land" and @(i#din'" are de/oted to p(b#i ("e bea("e t%e* are("ed b* t%e p(b#i !or internationa# and dome"ti tra/e# and tran"portation. %e !at t%at t%eAA o##et" termina# !ee" and ot%er %ar'e" !rom t%e p(b#i doe" not remo/e t%e %arater o! t%e Airport Land" and @(i#din'" a" propertie" !or p(b#i ("e.

%e %ar'in' o! !ee" to t%e p(b#i doe" not determine t%e %arater o! t%e propert* $%et%er it i"

o! p(b#i dominion or not. Arti#e 20 o! t%e Ci/i# Code de!ine" propert* o! p(b#i dominion a"one Iintended !or p(b#i ("e.I %e termina# !ee" AA %ar'e" to pa""en'er", a" $e## a" t%e#andin' !ee" AA %ar'e" to air#ine", on"tit(te t%e b(#) o! t%e inome t%at maintain" t%eoperation" o! AA. %e o##etion o! "(% !ee" doe" not %an'e t%e %arater o! AA a" anairport !or p(b#i ("e.

BUSTOS v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No". 12078-85. Fan(ar* 2, 2001

FACTS: a(#ino Baardo died inte"tate in Apri# 2, 1957. &e %ad !o(r %i#dren, an(e#a, rinidad,@eatri< and aria#. S(b"e(ent#*, t%e* in"tit(ted an etra-(diia# partition o! t%e e"tate o! t%e

deea"ed. n t%e "ame da*, an(e#a "o#d %er "%are to o"e" G. endo<a, %("band o! @eatri<, b* $a* o! eed o! Ab"o#(te Sa#e. At t%e time o! t%e "a#e, t%ere $a" no ada"tra# "(r/e*in a"anto#, ampan'a. Later, t%e ada"tre $a" ond(ted, and t%e propert* in/o#/ed in t%epartition a"e $ere "pei!ied a" Lot" 280, 283, 28, 1000-A and 1000-@. %e "%are o! an(e#a,$%i% $a" "o#d to o"e", in#(de" Lot 28 o! t%e a"anto# Cada"tre and Lot 28 $a""(bdi/ided into Lot" 28-A and 28-@. rinidad $a" in p%*"ia# po""e""ion o! t%e #and. S%ere!("ed to "(rrender t%e #and to %er brot%er-in-#a$ o"e" G. endo<a, de"pite "e/era#demand". endo<a t%en !i#ed a omp#aint. (rin' t%e %earin', rinidad died, and %er %eir"parted $it% %er e"tate, in#(din' t%e #ot #aimin' b* endo<a. Lot 28-@ $a" t%en "o#d toSpo("e" ira*, %erein pri/ate re"pondent".

%e tria# o(rt r(#ed in !a/or o! endo<a. &e t%en "o#d t%e "(bet #and to Spo("e" @("to",

%erein petitioner", $%o $ere at(a##* #e""ee" o! t%e %("band o! rinidad on t%e #and in (e"tion.Sine Spo("e" @("to" $ere in at(a# po""e""ion o! t%e #and, Spo("e" ira* !i#ed an ation !or (n#a$!(# detainer a'ain"t t%e Spo("e" @("to".

ISSUE: ;%et%er petitioner" o(#d be eeted !rom $%at i" no$ t%eir o$n #and.

RULING: No. etitioner" annot be eeted !rom t%e "(bet #and. %e "ta* o! ee(tion i"$arranted b* t%e !at t%at petitioner" are no$ #e'a# o$ner" o! t%e #and in (e"tion and areo(pant" t%ereo!. o ee(te t%e (d'ment b* eetin' petitioner" !rom t%e #and t%at t%e*





o$ned $o(#d ertain#* re"(#t in 'ra/e in("tie. %e i""(e o! po""e""ion $a" rendered moot$%en t%e o(rt ad(diated o$ner"%ip to t%e Spo("e" @("to" b* /irt(e o! a /a#id deed o! "a#e.#ain' petitioner" in po""e""ion o! t%e #and in (e"tion i" t%e nee""ar* and #o'ia#on"e(ene o! t%e dei"ion de#arin' t%em a" t%e ri'%t!(# o$ner" o! t%e propert*. ne o! t%ee""entia# attrib(te" o! o$ner"%ip i" po""e""ion. t !o##o$" t%at a" o$ner" o! t%e "(bet propert*,

petitioner" are entit#ed to po""e""ion o! t%e "ame. 6An o$ner $%o annot eeri"e t%e "e/en 476("e" or attrib(te" o! o$ner"%ipQt%e ri'%t to po""e"", to ("e and eno*, to ab("e or on"(me,to ae""orie", to di"po"e or a#ienate, to reo/er or /indiate and to t%e !r(it"Qi" a ripp#edo$ner.

HEIRS OF ROMAN SORIANO vs. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 128177. A('("t 15, 2001

FACTS: %e #and in di"p(te i" ori'ina##* o$ned b* Adriano Soriano (nti# %i" deat% in 197, t%epropert* pa""ed on to %i" %eir" $%o #ea"ed t%e "ame to "po("e" a/id de era and Con"(e#oi##a"i"ta !or a period o! !i!teen 415 *ear". Roman Soriano $i## "er/e a" t%e areta)er o! t%e

propert* d(rin' t%e period o! t%e #ea"e. A!ter ee(tin' an etra (diia# "ett#ement amon't%em"e#/e", t%e %eir" o! Adriano Soriano "(b"e(ent#* "(bdi/ided t%e propert* into t$o 42 #ot",Lot No. +0052 and Lot No. 859. Lot No. +0052 $a" a""i'ned to Lo(rde", Candido and t%e%eir" o! ioni"ia $%i#e Lot No. 859 $a" a""i'ned to Brani"a, Librada, ?#oadio andRoman. n 1971, Lot No. +0052 $a" "o#d b* Lo(rde", Candido and t%e %eir" o! ioni"ia topetitioner "po("e" @ra(#io and A(i#ina Aba#o" 4%ereina!ter re!erred to a" petitioner", $%i#e,?#oadio, Brani"a and Librada "o#d t%eir t%ree-!o(rt%" "%are" in Lot No. 859 a#"o topetitioner".

n ar% 1, 19+8, t%e de era "po("e" o("ted Roman Soriano a" areta)er and appointed"idro er<o"a and ida# er<o"a a" %i" "(b"tit(te". %erea!ter, Roman Soriano !i#ed CAR Ca"eNo. 172--+8 !or rein"tatement and re#i(idation a'ain"t t%e de era "po("e". %e a'rarian

o(rt a(t%ori<ed t%e eetment o! Roman Soriano b(t on appea#, t%e dei"ion $a" re/er"ed b*t%e Co(rt o! Appea#", $%i% dei"ion beame !ina# and ee(tor*. &o$e/er, prior to t%eee(tion o! t%e "aid dei"ion, t%e partie" entered into a po"t-dei"iona# a'reement $%erein t%ede era "po("e" a##o$ed Roman Soriano to "(b-#ea"e t%e propert* (nti# t%e termination o! t%e#ea"e in 1982n an rder dated eember 22, 1972, t%e po"t-dei"iona# a'reement $a"appro/ed b* t%e a'rarian o(rt.

n A('("t 1+, 197+, petitioner" !i#ed $it% t%e Re'iona# ria# Co(rt o! Lin'a*en, an'a"inan, anapp#iation !or re'i"tration o! tit#e o/er Lot No. +0052 and t%ree-!o(rt%" 43>pro-indi/i"o o! LotNo. 859. Said app#iation !or re'i"tration $a" 'ranted b* t%e tria# o(rt, atin' a" a #andre'i"tration o(rt, per ei"ion dated F(ne 27, 1983. n appea#, t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" a!!irmedt%e dei"ion o! t%e #and re'i"tration o(rt. %e petition !or re/ie$ !i#ed $it% t%e S(preme Co(rt

b* Roman Soriano, $a" denied !or #a) o! merit and entr* o! (d'ment $a" entered oneember 1+, 1985ean$%i#e, it appear" t%at on F(#* 15, 1983, a da* a!ter t%e prom(#'ation o! t%e #and re'i"trationo(rt" dei"ion, Roman Soriano, to'et%er $it% ?#oadio and Librada Soriano, !i#ed be!ore t%eRe'iona# ria# Co(rt o! Lin'a*en, and a'ain"t petitioner", an ation !or ann(#ment o! do(mentand>or redemption, o$ner"%ip and dama'e". etitioner" !i#ed a motion to di"mi"" on t%e 'ro(ndo! re" (diata, penden* o! anot%er ation, #a%e", mi"oinder o! partie" and #a) o! (ri"dition,$%i% $a" denied b* t%e tria# o(rt.





%erea!ter, on A('("t 22, 198, or e#e/en 411 *ear" a!ter t%e appro/a# o! t%e po"t-dei"iona#a'reement bet$een Roman Soriano and t%e "po("e" de era in CAR Ca"e No. 172--+8 !or rein"tatement and re#i(idation, petitioner" !i#ed $it% t%e a'rarian o(rt a motion !or ee(tion o! "aid po"t-dei"iona# a'reement $%i% a##o$ed Roman Soriano to "(b-#ea"e t%e propert*.%emotion pra*ed t%at petitioner" be p#aed in po""e""ion o! t%e "(bet propert*, oint#* $it%

Roman Soriano, and to #e/* "o m(% o! Roman" propert* to an"$er !or t%e ("e and o(pationb* Soriano o! +>7 "%are o! t%e propert*. n tober 25, 198, Roman Soriano !i#ed a motion to"("pend %earin' on t%e renta# demanded b* petitioner", $%i%, %o$e/er, $a" denied b* t%ea'rarian o(rt. %e a'rarian o(rt #i)e$i"e a(t%ori<ed t%e "(b"tit(tion o! t%e de era "po("e" b*petitioner". Soriano" motion !or reon"ideration $a" a#"o denied, promptin' Soriano to !i#e apetition !or ertiorari $it% t%e Co(rt o! Appea#".

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not a $innin' part* 4Aba#o" in a #and re'i"tration a"e an e!!eti/e#* eett%e po""e""or 4Soriano t%ereo!, $%o"e "e(rit* o! ten(re o! ri'%t i" "ti## pendin' determinationbe!ore t%e ARA@

RULING: o""e""ion and o$ner"%ip are di"tint #e'a# onept". %ere i" o$ner"%ip $%en a

t%in' pertainin' to one per"on i" omp#ete#* "(beted to %i" $i## in a manner not pro%ibited b*#a$ and on"i"tent $it% t%e ri'%t" o! ot%er". $ner"%ip on!er" ertain ri'%t" to t%e o$ner,amon' $%i% are t%e ri'%t to eno* t%e t%in' o$ned and t%e ri'%t to e#(de ot%er per"on" !rompo""e""ion t%ereo!. n t%e ot%er %and, po""e""ion i" de!ined a" t%e %o#din' o! a t%in' or t%eeno*ment o! a ri'%t. Litera##*, to po""e"" mean" to at(a##* and p%*"ia##* o(p* a t%in' $it%or $it%o(t ri'%t. o""e""ion ma* be %ad in one o! t$o $a*": po""e""ion in t%e onept o! ano$ner and po""e""ion o! a %o#der. A per"on ma* be de#ared o$ner b(t %e ma* not be entit#edto po""e""ion. %e po""e""ion ma* be in t%e %and" o! anot%er eit%er a" a #e""ee or a tenant. Aper"on ma* %a/e impro/ement" t%ereon o! $%i% %e ma* not be depri/ed $it%o(t d(e%earin'. &e ma* %a/e ot%er /a#id de!en"e" to re"i"t "(rrender o! po""e""ion. A (d'ment !or o$ner"%ip, t%ere!ore, doe" not nee""ari#* in#(de po""e""ion a" a nee""ar* inident.

t i" important to note t%at a#t%o('% pri/ate re"pondent" %a/e been de#ared tit#ed o$ner" o! t%e "(bet #and, t%e eeri"e o! t%eir ri'%t" o! o$ner"%ip are "(bet to #imitation" t%at ma* beimpo"ed b* #a$.%e enan* At pro/ide" one "(% #imitation. A'ri(#t(ra# #e""ee" are entit#edto "e(rit* o! ten(re and t%e* %a/e t%e ri'%t to $or) on t%eir re"peti/e #and%o#din'" one t%e#ea"e%o#d re#ation"%ip i" e"tab#i"%ed. Se(rit* o! ten(re i" a #e'a# one""ion to a'ri(#t(ra##e""ee" $%i% t%e* /a#(e a" #i!e it"e#! and depri/ation o! t%eir #and%o#din'" i" tantamo(nt todepri/ation o! t%eir on#* mean" o! #i/e#i%ood.%e eeri"e o! t%e ri'%t o! o$ner"%ip, t%en, *ie#d"to t%e eeri"e o! t%e ri'%t" o! an a'ri(#t(ra# tenant.

A (d'ment in a #and re'i"tration a"e annot be e!!eti/e#* ("ed to o("t t%e po""e""or o! t%e #and, $%o"e "e(rit* o! ten(re ri'%t" are "ti## pendin' determination be!ore t%[email protected] di!!erent#*, t%e pre/ai#in' part* in a #and re'i"tration a"e annot be p#aed in

po""e""ion o! t%e area $%i#e it i" bein' o(pied b* one #aimin' to be an a'ri(#t(ra# tenant,pendin' a de#aration t%at t%e #atter" o(pan* $a" (n#a$!(#.

GARCIA v. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. 13310. A('("t 10, 1999





FACTS: Att*. edro . Garia, $it% t%e on"ent o! %i" $i!e Remedio", "o#d to t%eir da('%ter a.L(i"a a'pa*o and %er %("band L(i"ito a'pa*o 4t%e a'pa*o" a pare# o! #and identi!ied a"Lot 17 #oated at @e# Air i##a'e, a)ati. %e "ame $a" mort'a'ed to t%e %i#ippine @an) o!

Comm(niation" 4@Com.

%e a'pa*o" !ai#ed to %onor t%eir ob#i'ation $%i% #ed to t%e etra(diia# !ore#o"(re, $it%@Com a" t%e %i'%e"t bidder. %e !ormer !ai#ed to redeem t%e #and d(rin' t%e redemptionperiod and %ene tit#e $a" on"o#idated in !a/or o! @Com. %e $rit o! po""e""ion $a" "er/ed(pon a'pa*oK" brot%er, Fo"e Garia, $%o did not %onor it on t%e 'ro(nd t%at %e in%erited t%e"aid #and !rom %i" mot%er, Remedio". %i" $a" o(ntered b* @Com $%o "tated t%at t%e #and$a" ne/er part o! t%e in/entor* o! t%e e"tate o! Remedio" Garia.

%e tria# o(rt %e#d t%at t%e mort'a'e in !a/or o! @Com $a" /oid bea("e t%e "po("e" $erenot *et t%e o$ner at t%e time o! mort'a'e. &o$e/er, t%i" $a" re/er"ed b* t%e Co(rt o! Appea#".&ene, t%e petition.

ISSUE: id t%e re"pondent Co(rt o! Appea#" depart !rom t%e aepted and ("(a# o(r"e o! proeedin'" $%en it deided t%e appea# "(bet o! t%i" a"e ba"ed on i""(e" $%i% $ere rai"edneit%er in t%e tria# o(rt nor in t%e appe##ant" brie! <

RULING: %e petition %a" no merit. %e o(rt made a di"tintion o! o$ner"%ip and po""e""ion.t "tated t%at 6o$ner"%ip ei"t" $%en a t%in' pertainin' to one per"on i" omp#ete#* "(beted to%i" $i## in a manner not pro%ibited b* #a$ and on"i"tent $it% t%e ri'%t" o! ot%er" n t%e ot%er %and, po""e""ion i" de!ined a" t%e %o#din' o! a t%in' or t%e eno*ment o! a ri'%t. edro andRemedio" Garia, bein' t%e o$ner" o! t%e #and, eeri"ed t%eir ri'%t to di"po"e o! t%e propert*(pon t%e "a#e to a'pa*o. etitioner $a" ne/er t%e o$ner o! t%e #and. &e ne/er o(pied t%epropert* in t%e onept o! an o$ner. Li)e$i"e, %i" po""e""ion did not in/a#idate t%e "a#e o! t%e#and to t%e a'pa*o "po("e". La"t#*, an* #aim o! o$ner"%ip a" a "(e""or i" ontradited b*t%e !at t%at t%e propert* $a" ne/er in#(ded in t%e #i"t o! a""et" o! Remedio". %i" o(#d on#*mean t%at o$ner"%ip o! t%e propert* %a" %ene!ort% pa""ed.

RODIL ENTERPRISES v. COURT OF APPEALS





G.R. No. 129+09, No/ember 29, 2001

FACTS: etitioner Rodi# ?nterpri"e" n. 4RL i" t%e #e""ee o! t%e de" Raa @(i#din'

4RACCA, a !ormer a#ien propert*. n 1980, RL entered into a "(b#ea"e $it% re"pondent" ASSCAN. %e #ea"e ontrat o! RL $it% t%e R?D@LC $a" t%en rene$ed !or 15*ear". (e to t%e enatment o! @233, !ormer ommeria# and ind("tria# a#ien propertie",in#(din' t%e KRACCA b(i#din', $ere no$ a(t%ori<ed !or "a#e. RL o!!ered to b(* t%ep(r%a"e propert* $%i#e ASSCAN o!!ered to #ea"e t%e "ame b(i#din'. (rin' t%ependen* o! t%e app#iation o! RL, t%ere $a" anot%er rene$a# o! ontrat !or 5 *ear". %i"rene$a# $a" di"appro/ed and Seretar* de Fe"(" direted RL to pa* de#in(en* ta. A$rit o! pre#iminar* in(ntion $a" i""(ed b* t%e #o$er o(rt a'ain"t t%e re"pondent" !romo##etin' renta#". n a* 1992, RL a'ain "i'ned a rene$a# ontrat $it% iretor a#ad o! t%e Land ana'ement @(rea(. A #etter $%i% (e"tioned t%e a(t%orit* to enter into rene$a#ontrat" $a" "ent b* t%e "(b#e""ee" o! RL. RL t%en !i#ed an ation o! (n#a$!(# detainer i/i"oria Boot$ear and C%(a &(a* Soon, and ot%er". %i" $a" (p%e#d b* t%e bot% m(niipa#

and re'iona# tria# o(rt.

(rin' t%e penden* o! t%e appea#" !or t%e a"e" on (n#a$!(# detainer, t%e Co(rt o! Appea#"de#ared t%e rene$a# o! t%e #ea"e ontrat bet$een RL and t%e R?D@LC a" /oid. Soona!ter, t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" a#"o n(##i!ied t%e dei"ion" o! t%e #o$er o(rt" on (n#a$!(# detainer.

ISSUE: " t%e di"mi""a# !or t%e ation o! (n#a$!(# detainer proper

RULING: No. %e o$ner ma* eno* and di"po"e o! a t%in' "o #on' a" it i" on"i"tent $it% #a$. A" an attrib(te o! o$ner"%ip, t%e r(#e %a" no eeption. Li)e$i"e, R?D@LC, a" o$ner" o! t%epropert*, ma* enter into a #ea"e ontrat and eet ("(rper". n t%i" a"e, it entered into a #ea"e$it% RL a" an inident o! it" (" di"ponendi.

Bor t%e a"e o! (n#a$!(# detainer, t%e o(rt %e#d t%at t%e p#ainti!! need not be in prior p%*"ia#po""e""ion !or (n#a$!(# detainer to ei"t. oreo/er, t%e ri'%t o! po""e""ion $a" ne/er interr(pted a" t%e re"pondent" $ere on#* o(p*in' b* /irt(e o! a temporar* o(pan* permit.

CORNELIO M. ISAGUIRRE vs. FELICITAS DE LARAG.R. No. 138053. a* 31, 2000

FACTS: A#eandro de Lara $a" t%e ori'ina# app#iant-#aimant !or a i"e##aneo(" Sa#e" App#iation o/er a pare# o! #and. Dpon %i" deat%, %i" $i!e Q re"pondent Be#iita" de Lara, a"





#aimant, "(eeded A#eandro de Lara. n t%i" #ot "tand" a t$o-"tor* re"identia#-ommeria#apartment de#ared !or taation p(rpo"e" in t%e name o! re"pondentK" "on" Q Apo#onio andRodo#!o, bot% "(rnamed de Lara.

Re"pondent obtained "e/era# #oan" !rom t%e N@. ;%en "%e eno(ntered !inania# di!!i(#tie",

re"pondent approa%ed petitioner Corne#io . "a'(irre, $%o $a" married to %er niee, !or a""i"tane. A do(ment denominated a" 6Deed of "ale and "pecial Cession of Ri#hts and $nterests $a" ee(ted b* re"pondent and petitioner, $%ereb* t%e !ormer "o#d a 250 "(aremeter portion o! t%e #ot, to'et%er $it% t%e t$o-"tor* ommeria# and re"identia# "tr(t(re"tandin' t%ereon, in !a/or o! petitioner, !or and in on"ideration o! t%e "(m o! 5,000.

%e t$o "on" !i#ed a omp#aint a'ain"t petitioner !or reo/er* o! o$ner"%ip and po""e""ion o! t%e t$o-"tor* b(i#din'. RC r(#ed in !a/or o! "a'(erre. CA re/er"ed t%e tria# o(rtK" dei"ion,%o#din' t%at t%e tran"ation entered into b* t%e partie", a" e/idened b* t%eir ontrat, $a" ane(itab#e mort'a'e, not a "a#e. CA a#"o de#ared ri'ina# Certi!iate i""(ed in !a/or o! petitioner to be n(## and /oid. %e SC a!!irmed t%e dei"ion o! t%e CA and petitionerK" R $a" denied.Con"e(ent#*, a $rit o! po""e""ion, to'et%er $it% t%e S%eri!!K" Notie to aate, $a" "er/ed

(pon petitioner.

ISSUE: oe" t%e mort'a'ee in an e(itab#e mort'a'e po""e"" t%e ri'%t to retain po""e""ion o! t%e propert* pendin' at(a# pa*ment to %im o! t%e amo(nt o! indebtedne"" b* t%e mort'a'or

HELD: No. A" a 'enera# r(#e, t%e mort'a'or retain" po""e""ion o! t%e mort'a'ed propert* "inea mort'a'e i" mere#* a #ien and tit#e to t%e propert* doe" not pa"" to t%e mort'a'ee. &o$e/er,e/en t%o('% a mort'a'ee doe" not %a/e po""e""ion o! t%e propert*, t%ere i" no impairment o! %i" "e(rit* "ine t%e mort'a'e diret#* and immediate#* "(bet" t%e propert* (pon $%i% it i"impo"ed, $%oe/er t%e po""e""or ma* be, to t%e !(#!i##ment o! t%e ob#i'ation !or $%o"e "e(rit* it$a" on"tit(ted. ! t%e debtor i" (nab#e to pa* %i" debt, t%e mort'a'e reditor ma* in"tit(te anation to !ore#o"e t%e mort'a'e, $%et%er (diia##* or etra(diia##*, $%ereb* t%e mort'a'edpropert* $i## t%en be "o#d at a p(b#i a(tion and t%e proeed" t%ere !rom 'i/en to t%e reditor tot%e etent nee""ar* to di"%ar'e t%e mort'a'e #oan.

SPS. CUSTODIO 4/= SPS. SANTOS vs. CA, HEIRS OF MABASAG.R. No. 11+100. Bebr(ar* 9, 199+

FACTS: %e re"pondent 4ai!io aba"a o$n" a pare# o! #and $it% a t$o-door apartmentereted t%ereon "it(ated at a'(i', etro ani#a. Said propert* ma* be de"ribed to be"(rro(nded b* ot%er immo/ab#e" pertainin' to re"pondent" %erein.

ri/ate Re"pondent aba"a $anted to e"tab#i"% an ea"ement o! ri'%t o! $a* 'oin' into t%eir propert* a'ain"t petitioner" $%o b(i#t an adobe $a## in t%eir propertie" $%i% t%ereb*re"trited ae"" to t%e aba"a propert*. etitioner" #aim t%at t%e* b(i#t t%e $a## in order toprotet t%eir per"on" and t%eir propert* !rom t%eir intr("i/e nei'%bor". %e ria# Co(rtnonet%e#e"" ordered t%at an ea"ement be reated.

;%en "aid propert* $a" p(r%a"ed b* aba"a, t%ere $ere tenant" o(p*in' t%e premi"e" and$%o $ere a)no$#ed'ed b* aba"a a" tenant". &o$e/er, "ometime in Bebr(ar*, 1982, one o! "aid tenant" /aated t%e apartment and $%en aba"a $ent to "ee t%e premi"e", %e "a$ t%at





t%ere %ad been b(i#t an adobe !ene in t%e !ir"t pa""a'e$a* ma)in' it narro$er in $idt%. Saidadobe !ene $a" !ir"t on"tr(ted b* petitioner Santo"e" a#on' t%eir propert* $%i% i" a#"oa#on' t%e !ir"t pa""a'e$a*.

etitioner a. Cri"tina Santo" te"ti!ied t%at "%e on"tr(ted "aid !ene bea("e o! "ome ot%er

inon/eniene" o! %a/in' at t%e !ront o! %er %o("e a pat%$a* "(% a" $%en "ome o! t%e tenant"$ere dr(n) and $o(#d ban' t%eir door" and $indo$".

ISSUE: " t%e 'rant o! ri'%t o! $a* to %erein pri/ate re"pondent aba"a proper

HELD: No. &erein petitioner" are a#read* barred !rom rai"in' t%e "ame. etitioner" did notappea# !rom t%e dei"ion o! t%e o(rt a (o 'rantin' pri/ate re"pondent" t%e ri'%t o! $a*, %enet%e* are pre"(med to be "ati"!ied $it% t%e ad(diation t%erein.

oreo/er, a 'rant o! dama'e" !or t%e #o"" o! re/en(e b* rea"on o! t%e #o"(re o! t%epa""a'e$a* to t%e aba"aK" i" not proper. %e mere !at t%at t%e p#ainti!! "(!!ered #o""e" doe"not 'i/e ri"e to a ri'%t to reo/er dama'e". ?/er* o$ner %a" an ab"o#(te ri'%t o/er %i" propert*

and %i" at o! !enin' and en#o"in' t%e "ame $a" an at $%i% %e ma* #a$!(##* per!orm in t%eemp#o*ment and eeri"e o! "aid ri'%t. ;%ate/er in(r* or dama'e t%at ma* %a/e been"("tained b* ot%er" b* rea"on o! t%e ri'%t!(# ("e o! t%e "aid #and b* t%e o$ner i" damnumabs%ue in&uria.

PRINCIPLE OF SELF HELP

GERMAN MANAGEMENT, vs. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 7+217 September 1, 1989

FACTS: Spo("e" C*nt%ia C(*e')en' Fo"e and an(e# Rene Fo"e, re"ident" o! enn"*#/ania,

%i#ade#p%ia, DSA are t%e o$ner" o! a pare# o! #and "it(ated in Sitio nara$an, San "idro, Antipo#o, Ri<a#. %e* ee(ted a "peia# po$er o! attorne* a(t%ori<in' petitioner Germanana'ement Ser/ie" to de/e#op t%eir propert* into a re"identia# "(bdi/i"ion. Bindin' t%at parto! t%e propert* $a" o(pied b* pri/ate re"pondent", $%o are mo(ntain"ide !armer", petitioner ad/i"ed t%e o(pant" to /aate t%e premi"e" b(t t%e #atter re!("ed. Ne/ert%e#e"", petitioner proeeded $it% t%e de/e#opment o! t%e "(bet propert* $%i% in#(ded t%e portion" o(piedand (#ti/ated b* pri/ate re"pondent". etitioner b(##do<ed t%e rie, orn", and ot%er rop" ineeri"e o! "e#!-%e#p.ISSUE: " t%e otrine o! Se#!-&e#p a/ai#ab#e to etitioner"

HELD: N. @ot% t%e (niipa# ria# Co(rt and t%e Re'iona# ria# Co(rt %a/e rationa#i<edpetitioner" dra"ti ation o! b(##do<in' and de"tro*in' t%e rop" o! pri/ate re"pondent" on t%e

ba"i" o! t%e dotrine o! "e#!-%e#p en(niated in Arti#e 29 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code. -- S(% ("ti!iation i" (na/ai#in' bea("e t%e dotrine o! "e#!-%e#p an on#* be eeri"ed at t%e time o! at(a# or t%reatened di"po""e""ion $%i% i" ab"ent in t%e a"e at bar.

;%en po""e""ion %a" a#read* been #o"t, t%e o$ner m("t re"ort to (diia# proe"" !or t%ereo/er* o! propert*. %i" i" #ear !rom Arti#e 53+ o! t%e Ci/i# Code $%i% "tate", I4n no a"ema* po""e""ion be a(ired t%ro('% !ore or intimidation a" #on' a" t%ere i" a po""e""or $%oobet" t%ereto. &e $%o be#ie/e" t%at %e %a" an ation or ri'%t to depri/e anot%er o! t%e %o#din'o! a t%in', m("t in/o)e t%e aid o! t%e ompetent o(rt, i! t%e %o#der "%o(#d re!("e to de#i/er t%e





t%in'.I

A#t%o('% admitted#* petitioner ma* /a#id#* #aim o$ner"%ip ba"ed on t%e mon(ment" o! tit#e itpre"ented, "(% e/idene doe" not re"pon"i/e#* addre"" t%e i""(e o! prior at(a# po""e""ionrai"ed in a !orib#e entr* a"e. t m("t be "tated t%at re'ard#e"" o! t%e at(a# ondition o! t%e tit#e

to t%e propert*, t%e part* in peaeab#e (iet po""e""ion "%a## not be t(rned o(t b* a "tron'%and, /io#ene or terror. ' %(", a part* $%o an pro/e prior po""e""ion an reo/er "(%po""e""ion e/en a'ain"t t%e o$ner %im"e#!. ;%ate/er ma* be t%e %arater o! %i" prior po""e""ion, i! %e %a" in %i" !a/or priorit* in time, %e %a" t%e "e(rit* t%at entit#e" %im to remainon t%e propert* (nti# %e i" #a$!(##* eeted b* a per"on %a/in' a better ri'%t b* accion publicianaor accion reivindicatoria. -$

ABE;ARON vs. NABASAG.R. No. 8831. F(ne 20, 2001

FACTS: etitioner Abearon ontend" t%at %e i" t%e at(a# and #a$!(# po""e""or o! a 118-"(aremeter portion o! a 175-"(are meter re"identia# #ot in Si#$a*, Genera# Santo" Cit* adaent tot%e #ot o! Re"pondent Naba"a. n 195, etitioner Abearon and %i" !ami#* "tarted o(p*in'"aid #ot. At t%at time, t%e #and %ad not *et been "(r/e*ed. %e* !ened t%e area and b(i#tt%ereon a !ami#* %ome. Bor "e/era# *ear", etitioner and %i" !ami#* ontin(ed impro/in' t%e#and. @e'innin' 1955, re"pondent Naba"a re"ided on t%e remainin' 57-"(are meter portion o! propert* "(bet o! ontro/er"*. Naba"a b(i#t %i" %o("e abo(t !o(r 4 meter" a$a* !rompetitioner Abearon" %o("e. Re"pondent Naba"a did not oppo"e or omp#ain abo(t t%eimpro/ement". endin' an app#iation !or a !ree patent b* etitioner, #aimin' tit#e (nder Se.84b o! t%e (b#i Land At, a Bree atent $a" 'ranted to Re"pondent Naba"a. etitioner !i#e"an ation !or reon/e*ane. n %i" Comp#aint, etitioner "tated t%at re"pondent Naba"a"!ra(d(#ent pro(rement o! Bree atent o/er t%e di"p(ted #and depri/ed %im not o! o$ner"%ip,

b(t o! %i" Iri'%t to !i#e t%e nee""ar* app#iation t%ereon $it% t%e a(t%oritie" onernedI a" #on'-time po""e""or o! t%e #and.

ISSUE: oe" etitioner %a/e #e'a# "tandin' to p(r"(e t%e ation !or reon/erane

RULING: NO. 6An ation !or reon/e*ane o! a propert* i" t%e "o#e remed* o! a #ando$ner $%o"e propert* %a" been $ron'!(##* or erroneo("#* re'i"tered in anot%er" name a!ter one *ear !rom t%e date o! t%e deree "o #on' a" t%e propert* %a" not pa""ed to an innoent p(r%a"er !or /a#(e.25T %e ation doe" not "ee) to reopen t%e re'i"tration proeedin' and "et a"ide t%ederee o! re'i"tration b(t on#* p(rport" to "%o$ t%at t%e per"on $%o "e(red t%e re'i"tration o! t%e propert* in ontro/er"* i" not t%e rea# o$ner t%ereo!. Bra(d i" a 'ro(nd !or reon/e*ane. Bor an ation !or reon/e*ane ba"ed on !ra(d to pro"per, it i" e""entia# !or t%e

part* "ee)in' reon/e*ane to pro/e b* #ear and on/inin' e/idene %i" tit#e to t%e propert*and t%e !at o! !ra(d.etitioner Abearon doe" not #aim to o$n Lot 1, @#o) 5, "(-15953. &e in !at admit" t%at %ebe#ie/ed t%e #and in di"p(te $a" p(b#i in %arater, t%(" %e did not de#are it !or taationp(rpo"e" de"pite po""e""ion o! it !or a #on' time. Neit%er did %e app#* !or tit#e o/er it on t%emi"ta)en be#ie! t%at %e o(#d not app#* !or tit#e o! a p(b#i #and. Nonet%e#e"", petitioner ontend"t%at an ation !or reon/e*ane i" proper, vi' :

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2001/jun2001/84831.htm#_edn25

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2001/jun2001/84831.htm#_edn25





I. . . !or an ation o! reon/e*ane o! a pare# o! #and to pro"per, it i" notnee""ar* t%at t%e proponent be t%e ab"o#(te o$ner t%ereo!. t i" eno('% t%at t%eproponent %a" an e(itab#e ri'%t t%ereon. n t%e a"e at bar, t%e p#ainti!! %adbeen in #a$!(#, open, ontin(o(" and notorio(" po""e""ion, o(pation andontro# in t%e onept o! an o$ner o! a 'reater portion o! t%e "(bet #ot "ine

195 and %a/e 4"i t%ereb* a(ired an e(itab#e ri'%t t%ereon proteted b*#a$. o""e""ion o! p(b#i #and" one o(pation o! t%e "ame i" pro/en, a" t%e%erein p#ainti!! did, (nder #aim o! o$ner"%ip on"tit(te" a 'rant !rom t%e "tate4Rep(b#i /". era, 120 SCRA 210. A portion o! t%e p(b#i #and ea"ed to bep(b#i a" "oon a" it" #aimant %ad per!ormed a## t%e ondition" e""entia# to a'rant 4Rep(b#i /". i##an(e/a, 11 SCRA 875.I

6A" petitioner Abearon %a" not add(ed an* e/idene o! tit#e to t%e #and in ontro/er"*, $%et%er b* (diia# on!irmation o! tit#e, or %ome"tead, "a#e, or !ree patent, %e annot maintain an ation!or reon/e*ane.

It i" $e##-"ett#ed t%at reon/e*ane i" a remed* 'ranted on#* to t%e o$ner o! t%e propert*

a##e'ed to be erroneo("#* tit#ed in anot%er" name. 4oma" /. Co(rt o! Appea#", G.R. No. 79328,21 a* 1990, 185 SCRA +27, +33 ?"onde /. @ar#on'a*, G.R. No. +7583, 31 F(#* 1987, 152SCRA +03, +11 Nebrada /. &eir" o! A#i/io, et a#., 10 %i#. 12+ 1958T iretor o! Land" /.Re'i"ter o! eed" o! Ri<a#, 92 %i#. 82+ 1953T A<(rin /. U(itoriano, et a#., 81 %i#. 2+1 198T.

n t%e a"e at ben%, petitioner doe" not #aim to be t%e o$ner o! t%e di"p(tedportion. Admitted#*, $%at %e %a" i" on#* a Ipre!erentia# ri'%tI to a(ire o$ner"%ip t%ereo! b*/irt(e o! %i" at(a# po""e""ion "ine Fan(ar* 197. . . it#e to a#ienab#e p(b#i #and" an bee"tab#i"%ed t%ro('% open, ontin(o(", and e#("i/e po""e""ion !or at #ea"t t%irt* 430 *ear". . .Not bein' t%e o$ner, petitioner annot maintain t%e pre"ent "(it.

Simi#ar#*, a" petitioner Abearon %a" !ai#ed to "%o$ %i" tit#e to t%e di"p(ted #and, %e i" not t%eproper part* to !i#e an ation !or reon/e*ane t%at $o(#d re"(#t in t%e re/er"ion o! t%e #and tot%e 'o/ernment. t i" t%e So#iitor Genera#, on be%a#! o! t%e 'o/ernment, $%o i" b* #a$mandated to in"tit(te an ation !or re/er"ion. &e %a" t%e "pei!i po$er and !(ntion toIrepre"ent t%e Go/ernment in a## #and re'i"tration and re#ated proeedin'"I and to Iin"tit(teation" !or t%e re/er"ion to t%e Go/ernment o! #and" o! t%e p(b#i domain and impro/ement"t%ereon a" $e## a" #and" %e#d in /io#ation o! t%e Con"tit(tion.I Sine re"pondent Naba"a" Breeatent and ri'ina# Certi!iate o! it#e ori'inated !rom a 'rant b* t%e 'o/ernment, t%eir ane##ation i" a matter bet$een t%e 'rantor and t%e 'rantee.

CAISIP v. PEOPLE

G.R. No. L-2871+, 18 No/ember 1970

FACTS: Spo("e" are#ino G(e/arra and G#oria Caba#a' (#ti/ated a pare# o! #and o! &aienda a#io in Na"('b(, @atan'a" o$ned b* Roa" * Cia and o/er"een b* Be#i Cai"ip.Roa" * Cia !i#ed an ation a'ain"t G(e/arra !or !orib#e entr* and t%e Co(rt ordered G(e/arrato /aate t%e #ot and to pa* dama'e" and ar(ed renta#". A $rit o! ee(tion $a" i""(ed andG(e/arra $a" 'i/en t$ent* da*" !rom F(ne +, 1959 $it%in $%i% to #ea/e t%e premi"e". n





F(ne 17, 1959, G#oria Caba#a' $a" "een $eedin' t%e portion o! t%e #and $%i% $a" a rie!ie#d.Cai"ip approa%ed %er and bade %er to #ea/e, b(t "%e re!("ed to do "o, a##e'in' t%at "%e and%er %("band %ad t%e ri'%t to "ta* t%ere and t%at t%e rop" t%ereon be#on' to t%em. Cai"ip $entto %i" o-de!endant", S't. Roa#e" and Cp#. i##ade#re*, bot% o! t%e #oa# po#ie, and bro('%tt%em $it% %im. Roa#e" to#d G#oria, $%o $a" t%en in a "(attin' po"ition, to "top $eedin'. A"

G#oria in"i"ted on %er ri'%t to "ta* in "aid #ot, Roa#e" 'rabbed %er ri'%t %and and, t$i"tin' t%e"ame, $re"ted t%ere!rom t%e tro$e# "%e $a" %o#din'. %ere(pon, i##ade#re* %e#d %er #e!t %andand, to'et%er $it% Roa#e", !orib#* dra''ed %er nort%$ard to$ard" a !ore"ted area, $%ere t%ere$a" a banana p#antation, a" Cai"ip "tood nearb*, $it% a dra$n '(n. G#oria "%o(ted Ina )o poPna )o poPI t%en %er nei'%bor" ame and a")ed t%e po#iemen $%* t%e* $ere dra''in' %er. %epo#iemen %a/in' an"$ered t%at t%e* $o(#d ta)e G#oria to to$n $%i% $a" on t%e $e"t,Brani"a Andino p#eaded t%at G#oria be re#ea"ed, "a*in' t%at, i! t%eir p(rpo"e $a" a" "tated b*t%em, "%e 4G#oria $o(#d $i##in'#* 'o $it% t%em. @* t%i" time, G#oria %ad a#read* been dra''edabo(t ei'%t meter" and %er dre"" and b#o("e $ere torn. S%e t%en a'reed to proeed $e"t$ardto t%e m(niipa# b(i#din'.

ISSUE: ;ere t%e at" o! t%e appe##ant" ("ti!ied (nder Arti#e 29 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code

RULING: N. Arti#e 29 o! t%e Ci/i# Code (pon $%i% appe##ant" re#* i" ob/io("#* inapp#iab#eto t%e a"e at bar, !or, %a/in' been 'i/en 20 da*" !rom F(ne +, 1959, $it%in $%i% to /aate t%e#ot, omp#ainant did not, $it%in "aid period, in/ade or ("(rp "aid #ot. S%e %ad mere#* remained inpo""e""ion t%ereo!, e/en t%o('% t%e %aienda o$ner ma* %a/e beome it" o-po""e""or.

Appe##ant" did not Irepe# or pre/ent an at(a# or t%reatened p%*"ia# in/a"ion or ("(rpation.I%e* epe##ed G#oria !rom a propert* o! $%i% "%e and %er %("band $ere in po""e""ion andde"pite t%e !at t%at t%e S%eri!! %ad ep#iit#* a(t%ori<ed t%em to "ta* in "aid propert* (p to F(ne2+, 1959. Appe##ant" %erein %ad, b* mean" o! /io#ene, and $it%o(t #e'a# a(t%orit* t%ere!or,pre/ented t%e omp#ainant !rom Idoin' "omet%in' not pro%ibited b* #a$,I 4$eedin' and bein' int%e #ot, and ompe##ed %er Ito do "omet%in' a'ain"tI %er $i## 4"toppin' t%e $eedin' and #ea/in'"aid #ot, I$%et%er it be ri'%t or $ron',I t%ereb* ta)in' t%e #a$ into t%eir %and", in /io#ation o! Art.

28+ o! t%e Re/i"ed ena# Code. e!endant" Be#i Cai"ip, 'naio Roa#e" and Bederioi##ade#re*, $ere on/ited o! t%e rime o! Gra/e Coerion a''ra/ated b* ab("e o! "(perior "tren't% and di"re'ard o! t%e re"pet d(e t%e o!!ended part* b* rea"on o! %er "e.

PEOPLE v. PLETCHA, ;R.

G.R. No. 19029, 27 F(ne 1977

FACTS: ito #et%a i" a !armer $%o o$n" a #and $%i% %e %a" been (#ti/atin' !or 19 *ear". Apri/ate orporation "o('%t to ta)e o/er t%e a!orementioned #and b* !enin' t%e %etare" o! %i"propert*. S(% !enin' $a" $it%o(t a(t%orit* or o(rt order. @ea("e o! t%i", #et%a !o('%t-o!! an* t%e ta)e o/er and re"i"ted t%e ompan*. %i" !ored t%e ompan* to !i#e a a"e !or 'ra/eoerion a'ain"t #et%a in t%e (niipa# Co(rt o! (ria, Ne'ro" identa#.





#et%a in/o)e" t%e proteti/e mant#e o! Arti#e 29 o! t%e Ci/i# Code $%i% 'i/e" %im t%e ri'%tto ("e rea"onab#e !ore to e#(de an* per"on t%reatenin' %i" e#("i/e o$ner"%ip o/er t%e#and.%e eop#e a")" !or a!!irmane on t%e 'ro(nd t%at t%e appe##ant "%o(#d not %a/e ta)en t%e #a$into %i" o$n %and" b(t rat%er %a/e t%e o(rt" deide t%e a"e.

ISSUE: Can #et%a proper#* in/o)ed Arti#e 29 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code

RULING: E?S. %e prinip#e o! "e#!-%e#p a(t%ori<e" t%e #a$!(# po""e""or to ("e !ore not on#* topre/ent a t%reatened (n#a$!(# in/a"ion or ("(rpation t%ereo! it i" "ort o! "e#!-de!en"e. t i" #a$!(#to repe# !ore b* !ore. &e $%o mere#* ("e" !ore to de!end %i" po""e""ion doe" not po""e"" b*!ore. %e ("e o! "(% nee""ar* !ore to protet proprietar* or po""e""or* ri'%t" on"tit(te" a

("ti!*in' ir(m"tane (nder o(r pena# #a$".

ANDAMO V. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT 191 SCRA 195

FACTS: Sp". Andamo o$ned a pare# o! #and adaent to t%e #and o! t%e i""ionarie" o! (r Lad* o! La Sa#ette, n. ;it%in t%e #and o! t%e #atter, $ater pat%" and ontri/ane", in#(din' anarti!iia# #a)e $ere on"tr(ted, $%i% a##e'ed#* in(ndated and eroded petitionerK" #and, a("eda *o(n' man to dro$n, dama'ed petitionerK" rop" and p#ant", $a"%ed a$a* o"t#* !ene",endan'ered t%e #i/e" o! petitioner" and t%eir #aborer" and "ome ot%er de"tr(tion".

ISSUE: id re"pondent" improper#* eeri"e t%eir "(r!ae ri'%t

RULING: E?S. Adoinin' #ando$ner" %a/e m(t(a# and reiproa# d(tie" $%i% re(ire t%at ea%

m("t ("e %i" o$n #and in a rea"onab#e manner "o a" not to in!rin'e (pon t%e ri'%t" andintere"t" o! ot%er". A#t%o('% $e reo'ni<e t%e ri'%t o! an o$ner to b(i#d "tr(t(re" on %i" #and,"(% "tr(t(re" m("t be "o on"tr(ted and maintained ("in' a## rea"onab#e are "o t%at t%e*annot be dan'ero(" to adoinin' #ando$ner" and an $it%"tand t%e ("(a# and epeted !ore"o! nat(re. ! t%e "tr(t(re" a("e in(r* or dama'e to an adoinin' #ando$ner or a t%ird per"on,t%e #atter an #aim indemni!iation !or t%e in(r* or dama'e "(!!ered.

ACCESSION

BACHRACH MOTOR CO. V. TALISAY"SILAY MILING CO.

5+ %i#. 117

FACTS: n eember 22, 1923, t%e a#i"a*-Si#a* i##in' Co., n., $a" indebted to t%e%i#ippine Nationa# @an). o "e(re t%e pa*ment o! it" debt, it "(eeded in ind(in' it"p#anter", amon' $%om $a" ariano La"on Lede"ma, to mort'a'e t%eir #and to t%e reditor ban). n order to ompen"ate t%o"e p#anter" !or t%e ri") t%e* $ere r(nnin' $it% t%eir propert*(nder t%e mort'a'e, t%e a!ore"aid entra#, b* a re"o#(tion pa""ed on t%at "ame date, (ndertoo)to redit t%e o$ner" o! t%e p#antation t%(" mort'a'ed e/er* *ear $it% a "(m e(a# to 2V o! t%e





debt "e(red aordin' to *ear#* ba#ane.Later on, a omp#aint $a" !i#ed b* t%e @a%ra% otor Co., n., a'ain"t t%e a#i"a*-Si#a* i##in'Co., n., !or t%e de#i/er* o! t%e amo(nt 13,850 a" bon(" in !a/or o! ariano La"on Lede"ma.%e %i#ippine Nationa# @an) !i#ed a t%ird part* #aim a##e'in' a pre!erentia# ri'%t to reei/e an*amo(nt $%i% ariano La"on Lede"ma mi'%t be entit#ed to !rom t%e a#i"a*-Si#a* i##in' Co.

a" bon(", bea("e t%at $o(#d be i/i# !r(it" o! t%e #and mort'a'ed to "aid ban) b* "aid debtor !or t%e bene!it o! t%e entra# re!erred to. %e tria# o(rt %e#d t%at t%e @a%ra% otor Co., n.,%ad a pre!erred ri'%t to reei/e t%e amo(nt o! 11,07+.02 $%i% $a" ariano La"onLede"ma" bon(", and it ordered t%e de!endant entra# to de#i/er "aid "(m to t%e p#ainti!!.

ISSUE: " t%e bon(" in (e"tion 4t%e ompen"ation !or t%e ri") o! %a/in' "(beted one" #and toa #ien in !a/or o! t%e ban) on"idered i/i# !r(it"

RULING: N. Arti#e 355 o! t%e Ci/i# Code on"ider" t%ree t%in'" a" i/i# !r(it": Bir"t, t%e rent"o! b(i#din'" "eond, t%e proeed" !rom #ea"e" o! #and" and, t%ird, t%e inome !rom perpet(a# or #i!e ann(itie", or ot%er "imi#ar "o(re" o! re/en(e. t i" to be noted t%at t%e "aid bon(" bear" noimmediate, b(t on#* a remote aidenta# re#ation to t%e #and mentioned, %a/in' been 'ranted a"

ompen"ation !or t%e ri") o! %a/in' "(beted one" #and to a #ien in !a/or o! t%e ban), !or t%ebene!it o! t%e entit* 'rantin' "aid bon(". ! t%i" bon(" be inome or i/i# !r(it" o! an*t%in', it i"inome ari"in' !rom "aid ri"), or, i! one %oo"e", !rom ariano La"on Lede"ma" 'enero"it* in!ain' t%e dan'er !or t%e protetion o! t%e entra#, b(t ertain#* it i" not i/i# !r(it" or inome !romt%e mort'a'ed propert*, $%i%, a" !ar a" t%i" a"e i" onerned, %a" not%in' to do $it% it.

E>UATORIAL REALTY DEVELOPMENT v". MAYFAIR THEATER, INC.

G.R. No. 10+0+3 No/ember 21, 199+FACTS: Carme#o o$ned a pare# o! #and, to'et%er $it% t$o 2-"tore* b(i#din'" on"tr(tedt%ereon #oated at C#aro Reto A/en(e, ani#a o/ered b* a ran"!er Certi!iate it#e i""(ed

in it" name b* t%e Re'i"ter o! eed" o! ani#a. Carme#o entered into a ontrat o! #ea"e $it%a*!air !or t%e #atter" #ea"e o! a portion o! Carme#o" propert*, !or ("e a" a motion pit(ret%eater and !or a term o! t$ent* 420 *ear" in 19+9. n 197, Carme#o epre""ed intere"t o! "e##in' t%e entire propert* to a*!air. Bo(r *ear" a!ter t%e Carme#o "o#d it" entire C.. Reto

A/en(e #and and b(i#din', $%i% in#(ded t%e #ea"ed premi"e" %o("in' t%e IaimI andIiramarI t%eatre", to ?(atoria# b* /irt(e o! a eed o! Ab"o#(te Sa#e, !or t%e tota# "(m o! 11,300,000.00 in /io#ation o! t%e a*!airK" ri'%t o! !ir"t re!("a# "tip(#ated in t%e #ea"ea'reement.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not a*!air an eeri"e it" ri'%t o! !ir"t re!("a#

RULING: Ee". A" a#"o ear#ier emp%a"i<ed, t%e ontrat o! "a#e bet$een ?(atoria# and

Carme#o i" %arateri<ed b* bad !ait%, "ine it $a" )no$in'#* entered into in /io#ation o! t%eri'%t" o! and to t%e pre(die o! a*!air. n !at, a" orret#* ob"er/ed b* t%e Co(rt o! Appea#",?(atoria# admitted t%at it" #a$*er" %ad "t(died t%e ontrat o! #ea"e prior to t%e "a#e.?(atoria#" )no$#ed'e o! t%e "tip(#ation" t%erein "%o(#d %a/e a(tioned it to #oo) !(rt%er intot%e a'reement to determine i! it in/o#/ed "tip(#ation" t%at $o(#d pre(die it" o$n intere"t".Sine a*!air %a" a ri'%t o! !ir"t re!("a#, it an eeri"e t%e ri'%t on#* i! t%e !ra(d(#ent "a#e i" !ir"t"et a"ide or re"inded. A## o! t%e"e matter" are no$ be!ore (" and "o t%ere "%o(#d be nopieemea# determination o! t%i" a"e and #ea/e !e"terin' "ore" to deteriorate into end#e""#iti'ation. %e !at" o! t%e a"e and on"ideration" o! ("tie and e(it* re(ire t%at $e order





re"i""ion %ere and no$. Re"i""ion i" a re#ie! a##o$ed !or t%e protetion o! one o! t%eontratin' partie" and e/en t%ird per"on" !rom a## in(r* and dama'e t%e ontrat ma* a("e or to protet "ome inompatib#e and pre!erred ri'%t b* t%e ontrat. %e "a#e o! t%e "(bet rea#propert* b* Carme#o to ?(atoria# "%o(#d no$ be re"inded on"iderin' t%at a*!air, $%i% %ad"(b"tantia# intere"t o/er t%e "(bet propert*, $a" pre(died b* t%e "a#e o! t%e "(bet propert*

to ?(atoria# $it%o(t Carme#o on!errin' to a*!air e/er* opport(nit* to ne'otiate $it%in t%e 30-da* "tip(#ated period

SPOUSES MACASAET vs. MACASAET

G.R. No". 15391-92. September 30, 200FACTS: etitioner" "mae# and ere"ita aa"aet and Re"pondent" iente and Ro"arioaa"aet are !ir"t-de'ree re#ati/e". "mae# i" t%e "on o! re"pondent", and ere"ita i" %i"$i!e.n eember 10, 1997, t%e parent" !i#ed $it% t%e (niipa# ria# Co(rt in Citie" 4CC o! Lipa Cit* an eetment "(it a'ain"t t%e %i#dren. Re"pondent" a##e'ed t%at t%e* $ere t%e o$ner"

o! t$o 42 pare#" o! #and o/ered b* ran"!er Certi!iate o! it#e", "it(ated at @ana*-bana*, LipaCit* t%at b* $a* o! a /erba# #ea"e a'reement, "mae# and ere"ita o(pied t%e"e #ot" in ar%1992 and ("ed t%em a" t%eir re"idene and t%e "it(" o! t%eir on"tr(tion b("ine"" and t%atde"pite repeated demand", petitioner" !ai#ed to pa* t%e a'reed renta# o! 500 per $ee).

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not petitioner "po("e" are entit#ed to t%e ri'%t" o! a b(i#der in 'ood !ait%

RULING: Ee". %e o(pan* o! t%e "(bet #ot" b* petitioner" $a" not mere#* "omet%in' not$%o##* appro/ed o! b* re"pondent". Neit%er did it ari"e !rom $%at o#entino re!er" to a"nei'%bor#ine"" or !ami#iarit*. n point o! !at, t%eir po""e""ion $a" (pon t%e in/itation o! and $it%t%e omp#ete appro/a# o! re"pondent", $%o de"ired t%at t%eir %i#dren $o(#d o(p* t%epremi"e". t aro"e !rom !ami#ia# #o/e and a de"ire !or !ami#* "o#idarit*, $%i% are ba"i Bi#ipino

trait".&ene t%e* are on"idered b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%. &o$e/er $%en per"i"tent on!#it andanimo"it* o/ertoo) t%e #o/e and "o#idarit* bet$een t%e parent" and t%e %i#dren, t%e p(rpo"e o! t%e a'reement ea"ed. %(", petitioner" no #on'er %ad an* a("e !or ontin(ed po""e""ion o! t%e #ot". %eir ri'%t to ("e t%e propertie" beame (ntenab#e. t ea"ed (pon t%eir reeipt o! t%enotie to /aate. And bea("e t%e* re!("ed to %eed t%e demand, eetment $a" t%e proper remed* a'ain"t t%em. %eir po""e""ion, $%i% $a" ori'ina##* #a$!(#, beame (n#a$!(# $%en t%erea"on t%ere!or -- #o/e and "o#idarit* -- ea"ed to ei"t bet$een t%em. Arti#e 8 app#ie" to t%epre"ent !at(a# mi#ie(. %e e"tab#i"%ed !at" o! t%i" a"e "%o$ t%at re"pondent" !(##* on"entedto t%e impro/ement" introd(ed b* petitioner". n !at, bea("e t%e %i#dren o(pied t%e #ot"(pon t%eir in/itation, t%e parent" ertain#* )ne$ and appro/ed o! t%e on"tr(tion o! t%eimpro/ement" introd(ed t%ereon %(", petitioner" ma* be deemed to %a/e been in 'ood !ait%$%en t%e* b(i#t t%e "tr(t(re" on t%o"e #ot".Con"e(ent#*, re"pondent" %a/e t%e ri'%t to

appropriate -- a" t%eir o$n -- t%e b(i#din' and ot%er impro/ement" on t%e "(bet #ot", b(t on#*a!ter 41 re!(ndin' t%e epen"e" o! petitioner" or 42 pa*in' t%e inrea"e in /a#(e a(ired b*t%e propertie" b* rea"on t%ereo!. %e* %a/e t%e option to ob#i'e petitioner" to pa* t%e prie o! t%e #and, (n#e"" it" /a#(e i" on"iderab#* more t%an t%at o! t%e "tr(t(re" -- in $%i% a"e,petitioner" "%a## pa* rea"onab#e rent.Re"pondent" m("t a#"o pa* !or t%e nee""ar* epen"e"(nder Arti#e 5+ !or t%e ("e!(# impro/ement", bea("e t%e petitioner "po("e" a('mented t%e/a#(e or inome o! t%e bare #ot".





FELICIANO vs. ALDIVARG.R. No. 1+2593, September 2+, 200+

FACTS: Be#iiano !i#ed a'ain"t t%e "po("e" A(re#io and L(< Oa#di/ar a omp#aint !or de#arationo! n(##it* o! ran"!er Certi!iate o! it#e and reon/e*ane o! t%e "(bet propert* in Ca'a*an dero Cit*. %e "aid tit#e i" re'i"tered in t%e name o! A(re#io Oa#di/ar.n %er omp#aint,Be#iiano a##e'ed t%at "%e $a" t%e re'i"tered o$ner o! a pare# o! #and o/eredb* a C. Sometime in 197, A(re#io, a##e'ed#* t%ro('% !ra(d, $a" ab#e to obtain a Co/erin' t%e portion o! Be#iianoK" #ot a" de"ribed in %er C.

Aordin' to Be#iiano, t%e "(bet #ot $a" ori'ina##* #ea"ed !rom %er b* io a#man, A(re#ioK"!at%er-in-#a$. S%e !(rt%er a##e'ed t%at "%e $a" 'oin' to mort'a'e t%e "(bet #ot to 'naio Gi#$%i% %o$e/er, did not p("% t%ro('% bea("e Gi# too) ba) t%e mone* $it%o(t ret(rnin' t%ereeipt "%e %ad "i'ned a" e/idene o! t%e "(ppo"ed mort'a'e ontrat. %erea!ter, in 197,

A(re#io !i#ed $it% t%e t%en CB o! i"ami" rienta# a petition !or partia# ane##ation o! t%eC inBe#iianoK" name. t $a" a##e'ed#* made to appear t%erein t%at A(re#io and %i" "po("e L(<

a(ired t%e "(bet #ot !rom a#man $%o, in t(rn, p(r%a"ed it !rom Gi#. %e petition $a"'ranted and a C $a" i""(ed in A(re#ioK" name.Reme'ia denied t%at "%e "o#d t%e "(bet #ot eit%er to Gi# or a#man. S%e #i)e$i"e imp('ned a"!a#"i!ied t%e oint a!!ida/it o! on!irmation o! "a#e t%at "%e and %er (n#e, Nari"o Lab(nto',p(rported#* ee(ted be!ore a notar* p(b#i, $%ere Reme'ia appear" to %a/e on!irmed t%e"a#e o! t%e "(bet propert* to Gi#. S%e a##e'ed t%at "%e ne/er parted $it% t%e erti!iate o! tit#eand t%at it $a" ne/er #o"t. A" proo! t%at t%e "a#e o! t%e "(bet #ot ne/er tran"pired, Reme'iapointed o(t t%at t%e tran"ation $a" not annotated on %er C.n t%eir an"$er, t%e "po("e" Oa#di/ar denied t%e materia# a##e'ation" in t%e omp#aint and rai"edt%e a!!irmati/e de!en"e t%at A(re#io i" t%e ab"o#(te o$ner and po""e""or o! t%e "(bet #ot a"e/idened b* %i" C and a e#aration o/erin' t%e "ame. A(re#io #aimed t%at %e a(iredt%e "(bet #ot b* p(r%a"e !rom a#man $%o, in t(rn, bo('%t t%e "ame !rom Gi# on Apri# ,1951. Gi# a##e'ed#* p(r%a"ed t%e "(bet #ot !rom Reme'ia and t%i" "a#e $a" a##e'ed#*on!ormed and rati!ied b* t%e #atter and %er (n#e, Nari"o Lab(nto', be!ore a notar* p(b#i oneember 3, 19+5.

A!ter A(re#io obtained a #oan !rom t%e GSS, t%e "po("e" Oa#di/ar on"tr(ted t%eir %o("e ont%e "(bet #ot. %e* a##e'ed t%at t%e* and t%eir predee""or"-in-intere"t %ad been o(p*in't%e "aid propert* open#*, p(b#i#*, ad/er"e#* and ontin(o("#* !or o/er 1 *ear" a#read*. A(re#io!i#ed a petition !or t%e i""(ane o! a ne$ o$nerK" d(p#iate op* o! bea("e $%en %e a")edReme'ia abo(t it, t%e #atter #aimed t%at it %ad been #o"t.%e RC rendered (d'ment in !a/or o! Reme'ia. n appea#, t%e CA re/er"ed t%e dei"ion o! t%e RC and r(#ed in !a/or o! t%e "po("e" Oa#di/ar. ;%en t%eir R $a" denied b* t%e CA, t%e%eir" o! Be#iiano 4t%e petitioner" "o('%t reo(r"e to t%e Co(rt in t%eir petition !or re/ie$.

ISSUE: Are re"pondent" b(i#der" in 'ood !ait% RULING: Ee". AR. 8. %e o$ner o! t%e #and on $%i% an*t%in' %a" been b(i#t, "o$n or p#anted in 'ood !ait%, "%a## %a/e t%e ri'%t to appropriate a" %i" o$n t%e $or)", "o$in' or p#antin', a!ter pa*ment o! t%e indemnit* pro/ided !or in Arti#e" 5+ and 58 or to ob#i'e t%e one$%o b(i#t or p#anted to pa* t%e prie o! t%e #and, and t%e one $%o "o$ed, t%e proper rent.&o$e/er, t%e b(i#der or p#anter annot be ob#i'ed to b(* t%e #and i! it" /a#(e i" on"iderab#*more t%an t%at o! t%e b(i#din' or tree". n "(% a a"e, %e "%a## pa* rea"onab#e rent, i! t%e o$ner o! t%e #and doe" not %oo"e to appropriate t%e b(i#din' or tree" a!ter t%e proper indemnit*. %e





partie" "%a## a'ree (pon t%e term" o! t%e #ea"e and in a"e o! di"a'reement, t%e o(rt "%a## !it%e term" t%ereo!.Bo##o$in' t%e abo/e pro/i"ion, t%e o$ner o! t%e #and on $%i% an*t%in' %a" been b(i#t, "o$n or p#anted in 'ood !ait% "%a## %a/e t%e ri'%t to appropriate a" %i" o$n t%e b(i#din', p#antin' or "o$in', a!ter pa*ment to t%e b(i#der, p#anter or "o$er o! t%e nee""ar* and ("e!(# epen"e",

and in t%e proper a"e, epen"e" !or p(re #((r* or mere p#ea"(re.Con"e(ent#*, t%e petitioner" are ob#i'ed to eeri"e eit%er o! t%e !o##o$in' option":41 to appropriate t%e impro/ement", in#(din' t%e %o("e, b(i#t b* t%e re"pondent" on t%e"(bet #ot b* pa*in' t%e indemnit* re(ired b* #a$, or 42 "e## t%e "(bet #ot to t%e re"pondent".etitioner" annot re!("e to eeri"e eit%er option and ompe# re"pondent" to remo/e t%eir %o("e !rom t%e #and. n a"e petitioner" %oo"e to eeri"e t%e "eond option, re"pondent" arenot ob#i'ed to p(r%a"e t%e "(bet #ot i! it" /a#(e i" on"iderab#* more t%an t%e impro/ement"t%ereon and in $%i% a"e, re"pondent" m("t pa* rent to petitioner". ! t%e* are (nab#e to a'reeon t%e term" o! t%e #ea"e, t%e o(rt "%a## !i t%e term" t%ereo!.

SPOUSES NUGUID VS. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 151815. Bebr(ar* 23, 2005

FACTS: edro . e"on o$ned a ommeria# #ot on $%i% %e b(i#t a -door 2-"tore* apartmentb(i#din'. Bor !ai#(re to pa* rea#t* tae", t%e #ot $a" "o#d at p(b#i a(tion to amertoNepom(eno, $%o in t(rn "o#d it to t%e "po("e" F(an and ?r#inda N('(id. e"on %a##en'edt%e /a#idit* o! t%e a(tion "a#e be!ore t%e RC o! U(e<on Cit*, $%i% (p%e#d t%e "po("e"K tit#eb(t de#ared t%at t%e apartment b(i#din' $a" not in#(ded in t%e a(tion "a#e. %i" $a" a!!irmedin toto b* t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" and t%erea!ter b* t%i" Co(rt. n F(ne 23, 1993, b* /irt(e o! t%e?ntr* o! F(d'ment, t%e N('(id" beame t%e (nonte"ted o$ner" o! t%e 25+-"(are meter ommeria# #ot. A" a re"(#t, t%e N('(id "po("e" mo/ed !or de#i/er* o! po""e""ion o! t%e #ot andt%e apartment b(i#din'.

%e tria# o(rt, re#*in' (pon Arti#e 5+ o! t%e Ci/i# Code, r(#ed t%at t%e Spo("e" N('(id $ere toreimb(r"e e"on !or %i" on"tr(tion o"t, t%e "po("e" N('(id $ere entit#ed to immediatei""(ane o! a $rit o! po""e""ion o/er t%e #ot and impro/ement". %e RC a#"o direted e"onto pa* t%e "ame amo(nt o! mont%#* renta#" to t%e N('(id" a" paid b* t%e tenant" o(p*in' t%eapartment (nit". e"on d(#* mo/ed !or reon"ideration, t%e RC i""(ed a ;rit o! o""e""ion,diretin' t%e dep(t* "%eri!! to p(t t%e "po("e" N('(id in po""e""ion o! t%e "(betpropert* $it% a## t%e impro/ement" t%ereon and to eet a## t%e o(pant" t%erein.e"on t%en!i#ed a "peia# i/i# ation !or ertiorari and pro%ibition $it% t%e Co(rt o! Appea#", $%i% a!!irmedt%e order o! pa*ment o! on"tr(tion o"t" b(t rendered t%e i""(e o! po""e""ion moot onappea#.

Br("trated b* t%i" t(rn o! e/ent", e"on !i#ed a petition !or re/ie$ be!ore t%i" Co(rt. n a* 2+,1995, t%e Co(rt %anded do$n t%e dei"ion remandin' to t%e tria# o(rt !or it to determine t%e(rrent mar)et /a#(e o! t%e apartment b(i#din' on t%e #ot. %e /a#(e "o determined "%a## be!ort%$it% paid b* Spo("e" F(an and ?r#inda N('(idT to edro e"on ot%er$i"e t%e petitioner "%a## be re"tored to t%e po""e""ion o! t%e apartment b(i#din' (nti# pa*ment o! t%e re(iredindemnit*.n t%e ba"i" o! t%i" Co(rtK" dei"ion, e"on !i#ed a otion to Re"tore o""e""ion and a otionto Render Ao(ntin', pra*in' re"peti/e#* !or re"toration o! %i" po""e""ion o/er t%e "(bet





25+-"(are meter ommeria# #ot and !or t%e "po("e" N('(id to be direted to render anao(ntin' (nder oat%, o! t%e inome deri/ed !rom t%e "(bet !o(r-door apartment !romNo/ember 22, 1993 (nti# po""e""ion o! t%e "ame $a" re"tored to %im.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e petitioner" are #iab#e to pa* rent o/er and abo/e t%e (rrent mar)et

/a#(e o! t%e impro/ement and t%at "(% inrea"ed a$ard o! renta#" b* t%e RC $a" rea"onab#eand e(itab#e.

RULING: t i" not di"p(ted t%at t%e on"tr(tion o! t%e -door 2-"tore* apartment, "(bet o! t%i"di"p(te, $a" (nderta)en at t%e time $%en e"on $a" "ti## t%e o$ner o! t%e #ot. ;%en t%eN('(id" beame t%e (nonte"ted o$ner o! t%e #ot, b* /irt(e o! entr* o! (d'ment o! t%e Co(rtK"dei"ion, t%e apartment b(i#din' $a" a#read* in ei"tene and o(pied b* tenant".

Dnder Arti#e 8, t%e #ando$ner i" 'i/en t%e option, eit%er to appropriate t%e impro/ement a"%i" o$n (pon pa*ment o! t%e proper amo(nt o! indemnit* or to "e## t%e #and to t%e po""e""or in'ood !ait%. Re#ated#*, Arti#e 5+ pro/ide" t%at a b(i#der in 'ood !ait% i" entit#ed to !(##reimb(r"ement !or a## t%e nee""ar* and ("e!(# epen"e" in(rred it a#"o 'i/e" %im ri'%t o!

retention (nti# !(## reimb(r"ement i" made. A" $e ear#ier %e#d, "ine petitioner" opted toappropriate t%e impro/ement !or t%em"e#/e" a" ear#* a" F(ne 1993, $%en t%e* app#ied !or a $rito! ee(tion de"pite )no$#ed'e t%at t%e a(tion "a#e did not in#(de t%e apartment b(i#din', t%e*o(#d not bene!it !rom t%e #otK" impro/ement, (nti# t%e* reimb(r"ed t%e impro/er in !(##, ba"ed ont%e (rrent mar)et /a#(e o! t%e propert*.

e"pite t%e Co(rtK" reo'nition o! e"onK" ri'%t o! o$ner"%ip o/er t%e apartment b(i#din', t%epetitioner" "ti## in"i"ted on di"po""e""in' e"on b* !i#in' !or a ;rit o! o""e""ion to o/er bot%t%e #ot and t%e b(i#din'. C#ear#*, t%i" re"(#ted in a /io#ation o! re"pondentK" ri'%t o! retention.;or"e, petitioner" too) ad/anta'e o! t%e "it(ation to bene!it !rom t%e %i'%#* /a#(ed, inome-*ie#din', !o(r-(nit apartment b(i#din' b* o##etin' renta#" t%ereon, be!ore t%e* paid !or t%e o"to! t%e apartment b(i#din'. t $a" on#* *ear" #ater t%at t%e* !ina##* paid it" !(## /a#(e to t%ere"pondent.

Gi/en t%e ir(m"tane" o! t%e in"tant a"e $%ere t%e b(i#der in 'ood !ait% %a" been #ear#*denied %i" ri'%t o! retention !or a#mo"t %a#! a deade, $e !ind t%at t%e inrea"ed a$ard o! renta#"b* t%e RC $a" rea"onab#e and e(itab#e. %e petitioner" %ad reaped a## t%e bene!it" !rom t%eimpro/ement introd(ed b* t%e re"pondent d(rin' "aid period, $it%o(t pa*in' an* amo(nt to t%e#atter a" reimb(r"ement !or %i" on"tr(tion o"t" and epen"e". %e* "%o(#d ao(nt and pa*!or "(% bene!it".

DAMIAN IGNACIO ET AL v. ELIAS HILARIO, ET AL.G.R. N!. L"-#%, 8$ A527 -'9?ESTEBAN@FACTS:?#ia" &i#ario and %i" $i!e ioni"ia re" !i#ed a a"e be!ore t%e CB o! an'a"inan a'ain"tamian, Brani"o and L(i", "(rnamed 'naio, onernin' t%e o$ner"%ip o! a pare# o! #and,part#* rie-#and and part#* re"identia#. A!ter t%e tria# o! t%e a"e, t%e #o$er o(rt, pre"ided o/er b*&on. A#!on"o Be#i, rendered (d'ment %o#din' p#ainti!!" a" t%e #e'a# o$ner" o! t%e $%o#epropert* b(t onedin' to de!endant" t%e o$ner"%ip o! t%e %o("e" and 'ranarie" b(i#t b* t%emon t%e re"identia# portion $it% t%e ri'%t" o! a po""e""or in 'ood !ait%, in aordane $it% Arti#e3+1 o! t%e Ci/i# Code. S(b"e(ent#*, in a motion !i#ed in t%e "ame Co(rt o! Bir"t n"tane t%ep#ainti!!" pra*ed !or an order o! ee(tion a##e'in' t%at "ine t%e* %o"e neit%er to pa*





de!endant" !or t%e b(i#din'" nor to "e## to t%em t%e re"identia# #ot, "aid de!endant" "%o(#d beordered to remo/e t%e "tr(t(re at t%eir o$n epen"e and to re"tore p#ainti!!" in t%e po""e""iono! "aid #ot.

ISSUE: a* an o$ner in 'ood !ait% eet a b(i#der in 'ood !ait% $it%o(t %oo"in' eit%er to

appropriate t%e b(i#din' !or %im"e#! a!ter pa*ment o! it" /a#(e or to "e## %i" #and to t%e b(i#der in'ood !ait%

RULING: NO. %e o$ner o! t%e b(i#din' ereted in 'ood !ait% on a #and o$ned b* anot%er, i"entit#ed to retain t%e po""e""ion o! t%e #and (nti# %e i" paid t%e /a#(e o! %i" b(i#din', (nder Arti#e53. %e o$ner o! t%e #and, (pon t%e ot%er %and, %a" t%e option, (nder Arti#e 3+1, eit%er to pa*!or t%e b(i#din' or to "e## %i" #and to t%e o$ner o! t%e b(i#din'. @(t %e annot, a" re"pondent"%ere did, re!("e bot% to pa* !or t%e b(i#din' and to "e## t%e #and and ompe# t%e o$ner o! t%eb(i#din' to remo/e it !rom t%e #and $%ere it i" ereted. &e i" entit#ed to "(% remed* on#* $%en,a!ter %a/in' %o"en to "e## %i" #and, t%e ot%er part* !ai#" to pa* !or t%e "ame.

IGNAO V. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT193 SCRA 17

FACTS: %e petitioner and %i" (n#e", t%e pri/ate re"pondent" in t%i" a"e, $ere o-o$ner" o! apare# o! #and "it(ated in @arrio abon, Ma$it, Ca/ite. %e #and $a" #ater on ordered b* t%e t%enCB to be partitioned p(r"(ant to an ation !or partition. etitioner in"tit(ted a omp#aint !or reo/er* o! po""e""ion o! rea# propert* a'ain"t pri/ate re"pondent" a##e'in' t%at t%e areao(pied b* t%e t$o 42 %o("e" b(i#t b* pri/ate re"pondent" eeeded t%e 133.5 "(are meter"pre/io("#* a##otted to t%em. %e CB !o(nd t%e pri/ate re"pondent" to be b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%,t%(" t%e remedie" a/ai#ab#e !or t%e petitioner indiated in Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ci/i# Code $ereapp#iab#e in t%e a"e. &o$e/er, t%e tria# o(rt ob"er/ed t%at ba"ed on t%e !at" o! t%e a"e, it$o(#d be ("e#e"" and (n"(itab#e !or B#orenio to eeri"e t%e !ir"t option "ine t%i" $o(#d render t%e entire %o("e" o! F(an and "idro $ort%#e"", and t%ere!ore ordered t%e petitioner to "e## tode!endant" t%at enroa%ed portion o! %i" propert*.

ISSUE: a* t%e o(rt %oo"e !rom t%e option" pro/ided in Arti#e 8 !or t%e petitioner

RULING: N. n U(em(e# /. #ae", t%e Co(rt ate'oria##* r(#ed t%at t%e ri'%t to appropriate t%e$or)" or impro/ement" or to ob#i'e t%e b(i#der to pa* t%e prie o! t%e #and be#on'" to t%e#ando$ner.

FILIPINAS COLLEGE INC. V. GARCIA TIMBANG, ET AL1+ SCRA 287

FACTS: ;%i#e Bi#ipina" Co##e'e", n. $a" de#ared to %a/e a(ired t%e ri'%t" o! t%e "po("e"imban' in t%e #ot "(bet to t%e pa*ment o! t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and. n a"e Bi#ipina" Co##e'e",n. !ai#ed to depo"it t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and $it%in t%e time !ied b* t%e o(rt, Bi#ipina" Co##e'e"$o(#d #o"e a## it" ri'%t" to t%e #and and t%e "po("e" imban' $o(#d t%en beome t%e o$ner"t%ereo!. t i" ontended b* t%e appe##ant" t%at bea("e t%e b(i#der in 'ood !ait% %a" !ai#ed to pa*t%e prie o! t%e #and a!ter t%e o$ner" t%ereo! eeri"ed t%eir option (nder Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ci/i#





Code, t%e b(i#der #o"t %i" ri'%t o! retention pro/ided in Arti#e 5+ and b* operation o! Arti#e5, t%e appe##ant" a" o$ner" o! t%e #and a(tomatia##* beame t%e o$ner" ip"o !ato.

ISSUE: " t%e !ai#(re o! t%e b(i#der to pa* t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and, $%en "(% i" demanded b* t%e#and-o$ner, t%e #atter beome" a(tomatia##* t%e o$ner o!

t%e impro/ement

RULING: N. Dnder t%e term" o! arti#e" 8 and 5+, it i" tr(e t%at t%e o$ner o! t%e #and %a"t%e ri'%t to %oo"e bet$een appropriatin' t%e b(i#din' b* reimb(r"in' t%e b(i#der o! t%e /a#(et%ereo! or ompe##in' t%e b(i#der in 'ood !ait% to pa* !or %i" #and. ?/en t%i" "eond ri'%t annotbe eeri"ed i! t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and i" on"iderab#* more t%an t%at o! t%e b(i#din'. n addition tot%e ri'%t o! t%e b(i#der to be paid t%e /a#(e o! %i" impro/ement, Arti#e 5+ 'i/e" %im t%eoro##ar* ri'%t o! retention o! t%e propert* (nti# %e i" indemni!ied b* t%e o$ner o! t%e #and. %erei" not%in' in t%e #an'(a'e o! t%e"e t$o arti#e, 8 and 5+, $%i% $o(#d ("ti!* t%e on#("iono! appe##ant" t%at, (pon t%e !ai#(re o! t%e b(i#der to pa* t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and, $%en "(% i"demanded b* t%e #and-o$ner, t%e #atter beome" a(tomatia##* t%e o$ner o! t%eimpro/ement (nder Arti#e 5.

BERNARDO VS BATACLAN++ %i#. 598

FACTS: @* a ontrat o! "a#e ee(ted !rom a"tor Samonte and ot%er" o$ner"%ip o! a pare#o! #and o! abo(t 90 %etare", t%e petitioner, to "e(re po""e""ion o! t%e #and !rom t%e /endor",in"tit(ted Ci/i# Ca"e No. 1935 in t%e Co(rt o! Bir"t n"tane o! Ca/ite. %e tria# o(rt !o(nd !or t%e p#ainti!! in a dei"ion $%i% $a" a!!irmed b* t%i" S(preme Co(rt on appea#. ;%en p#ainti!! entered (pon t%e premi"e", %o$e/er, %e !o(nd t%e de!endant %erein, Cata#ino @ata#an, $%oappear" to %a/e been a(t%ori<ed b* !ormer o$ner", a" !ar ba) a" 1922, to #ear t%e #and andma)e impro/ement" t%ereon. @ata#an $a" not a part* to t%e pre/io(" a"e. %(", on F(ne 11,1931, petitioner in"tit(ted a a"e a'ain"t %im. n t%i" a"e, t%e p#ainti!! $a" de#ared t%e o$ner b(t t%e de!endant $a" %e#d to be a po""e""or in 'ood !ait%, entit#ed to reimb(r"ement in t%etota# "(m o! 1,+2, !or $or) done and impro/ement" made. %e petitioner %o"e to ob#i'e t%ede!endant to pa* !or t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and. &o$e/er, de!endant did not %a/e eno('% mone* topa* !or t%e #and. A" a re"(#t, t%e o(rt ordered t%e "a#e o! t%e #and in p(b#i a(tion.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e de!endant i" "ti## entit#ed to t%e proeed" o! t%e p(b#i a(tion

HELD: No. %e de!endant "tate" t%at %e i" a po""e""or in 'ood !ait% and t%at t%e amo(nt o! 2,212 to $%i% %e i" entit#ed %a" not *et been paid to %im. %ere!ore, %e "a*", %e %a" a ri'%t toretain t%e #and in aordane $it% t%e pro/i"ion" o! arti#e 53 o! t%e Ci/i# Code. ;e do notdo(bt t%e /a#idit* o! t%e premi"e" "tated. ;e !ind, %o$e/er, t%at t%e de!endant %a" #o"t %i" ri'%to! retention. n obediene to t%e dei"ion o! t%i" o(rt in G.R. No. 37319, t%e p#ainti!! epre""ed%i" de"ire to re(ire t%e de!endant to pa* !or t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and. %e "aid de!endant o(#d%a/e beome o$ner o! bot% #and and impro/ement" and ontin(ed in po""e""ion t%ereo!. @(t%e "aid %e o(#d not pa* and t%e #and $a" "o#d at p(b#i a(tion to oribio eodoro. %e #a$, a"$e %a/e a#read* "aid, re(ire" no more t%an t%at t%e o$ner o! t%e #and "%o(#d %oo"e bet$eenindemni!*in' t%e o$ner o! t%e impro/ement" or re(irin' t%e #atter to pa* !or t%e #and. ;%en %e!ai#ed to pa* !or t%e #and, t%e de!endant %erein #o"t %i" ri'%t o! retention.





%e "a#e at p(b#i a(tion %a/in' been a")ed b* t%e p#ainti!! %im"e#! and t%e p(r%a"e prie o! 8,000 reei/ed b* %im !rom oribio eodoro, $e !ind no rea"on to ("ti!* a rapt(re o! t%e"it(ation t%(" reated bet$een t%em, t%e de!endant-appe##ant not bein' entit#ed, a!ter a##, toreo/er !rom t%e p#ainti!! t%e "(m o! 2,212.

MANOTOK REALTY INC VS TECSON1+ SCRA 587

FACTS: n t%e ation !or reo/er* o! po""e""ion and dama'e" b* petitioner a'ain"t re"pondent,t%e #o$er o(rt r(#ed t%at t%e re"pondent Ni#o ad#an'a$a i" a b(i#der or po""e""or in 'ood!ait%, and ordered t%e p#ainti!! to reo'ni<e t%e ri'%t o! "aid de!endant to remain in Lot No. 35,@#o) 1, o! t%e C#ara amb(ntin' S(bdi/i"ion (nti# a!ter %e "%a## %a/e been reimb(r"ed b* t%ep#ainti!! t%e "(m o! 7,500.00 $it%o(t prono(nement a" to o"t". A!ter t%e dei"ion beame!ina# and ee(tor*, t%e petitioner !i#ed a motion be!ore t%e #o$er o(rt !or t%e appro/a# o! %i"

eeri"e o! option and !or "ati"!ation o! (d'ment, pra*in' t%at t%e o(rt i""(e an order: aappro/in' t%e eeri"e o! petitioner" option to appropriate t%e impro/ement" introd(ed b* t%epri/ate re"pondent on t%e propert* b t%erea!ter, pri/ate re"pondent be ordered to de#i/er po""e""ion o! t%e propert* in (e"tion to t%e petitioner. n r(#in' a'ain"t t%e "aid motion, t%eo(rt i" o! t%e on"idered /ie$ t%at (nder t%e pe(#iar ir(m"tane" $%i% "(per/ened a!ter t%e in"tit(tion o! t%i" a"e, #i)e, !or in"tane, t%e introd(tion o! ertain maor repair" o! and ot%er "(b"tantia# impro/ement" on t%e ontro/erted propert*, t%e in"tant motion o! t%e p#ainti!! i" not$e##-ta)en and t%ere!ore not #e'a##* proper and tenab#e. A!ter a denia# o! it" motion !or reon"ideration, t%e petitioner !i#ed t%e pre"ent petition !or mandam(" a##e'in' t%at t%ere"pondent (d'e ommitted 'ra/e ab("e o! di"retion in den*in' %i" motion to eeri"e optionand !or ee(tion o! (d'ment on t%e 'ro(nd" t%at (nder Arti#e" 8 and 5+ o! t%e Ci/i# Code,t%e eeri"e o! option be#on'" to t%e o$ner o! t%e propert*, $%o i" t%e petitioner %erein, and t%at(pon !ina#it* o! (d'ment, t%e pre/ai#in' part* i" entit#ed, a" a matter o! ri'%t, to it" ee(tion$%i% i" on#* a mini"teria# at on t%e part o! t%e re"pondent (d'e.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e petitioner i" entit#ed to eeri"e t%e option pro/ided (nder Arti#e 8

RULING: E?S. ;%en t%e dei"ion o! t%e tria# o(rt beame !ina# and ee(tor*, it beamein(mbent (pon t%e re"pondent (d'e to i""(e t%e nee""ar* $rit !or t%e ee(tion o! t%e "ame.%ere i", t%ere!ore, no ba"i" !or t%e re"pondent (d'e to den* t%e petitioner" motion to a/ai# o! it" option to appropriate t%e impro/ement" made on it" propert*.

;%en t%e dei"ion o! t%e tria# o(rt beame !ina# and ee(tor*, it beame in(mbent (pon t%ere"pondent (d'e to i""(e t%e nee""ar* $rit !or t%e ee(tion o! t%e "ame. %ere i", t%ere!ore,no ba"i" !or t%e re"pondent (d'e to den* t%e petitioner" motion to a/ai# o! it" option toapproriate t%e impro/ement" made on it" propert*.%(", t%e repair" and impro/ement" introd(ed b* t%e "aid re"pondent" a!ter t%e omp#aint $a"!i#ed annot be on"idered to %a/e been b(i#t in 'ood !ait%, m(% #e"", ("ti!* t%e denia# o! t%epetitioner" !ai-rn o! option.

Sine t%e impro/ement" %a/e been '(tted b* !ire, and t%ere!ore, t%e ba"i" !or pri/atere"pondent" ri'%t to retain t%e premi"e" %a" a#read* been etin'(i"%ed $it%o(t t%e !a(#t o! t%epetitioner, t%ere i" no ot%er reo(r"e !or t%e pri/ate re"pondent b(t to /aate t%e premi"e" and





de#i/er t%e "ame to %erein petitioner.

BALLATAN v. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. 125+83, ar% 2, 1999

F4()s: ?den @a##atan, to'et%er $it% ot%er petitioner", i" #i/in' in and re'i"tered o$ner" o! LotNo. 2. Re"pondent" ;in"ton Go i" #i/in' in and re'i"tered o$ner" o! Lot No. 25 and 2+, $%i#eLi C%in' Eao i" #i/in' in and t%e re'i"tered o$ner o! Lot. 27. %e Lot" are adaent to ea%ot%er.

;%en @a##atan on"tr(ted %er %o("e in %er #ot, "%e notied t%at t%e onrete !ene and"ide pat%$a* o! t%e adoinin' %o("e o! re"pondent ;in"ton Go enroa%ed on t%e entire #en't%o! t%e ea"tern "ide o! %er propert*. Fo"e U(eddin', an en'ineer, did a "(r/e* t$ie $%i% #ed tot%e on#("ion t%at Lot" No" 25, 2+ 4o$ned b* re"pondent Go and 27 4o$ned b* Li C%in' Eaomo/ed $e"t$ard to t%e ea"tern bo(ndar* o! Lot 2 4o$ned b* petitioner @a##atan.. t $a" #ater

on di"o/ered b* t%e o(rt" t%at Go enroa%ed 2 "(are meter" !rom t%e propert* o! @a##atanand Eao enroa%ed 37 "(are meter" on GoK" propert*, a## o! $%i% $ere in G BA&.@a##atan made $ritten demand" to t%e re"pondent to di"mant#e and mo/e t%eir impro/ement"and "ine t%e #atter $a"nKt an"$erin' t%e petitioner !i#ed aion p(b#iiana in o(rt.

Iss6+: ;%at i" t%e proper remed* in a "it(ation $%ere e/er*bod* i" in 'ood !ait%

R672/0: Art 8 i" t%e proper remed* 4Lo$er Co(rt" are $ron' in a$ardin' t%e dama'e". t$a" e"tab#i"%ed in t%e a"e t%at t%e partie" %ad no )no$#ed'e o! t%e enroa%ment (nti#@a##atan notied it t%ere a## o! t%em $ere b(i#der" in Good !ait%. n t%at "enario t%e* %a/e t$ooption". -s) !5)2!/ i" t%at t%e #and o$ner $i## b(* t%e impro/ement" and t%e /= !5)2!/ i" toob#i'e t%e b(i#der" to b(* t%e #and 'i/en t%at t%e /a#(e o! t%e #and i" not on"iderab#* more t%ant%e b(i#din'" or tree ot%er$i"e t%e o$ner ma* remo/e t%e impro/ement" t%ereon.

%e b(i#der, p#anter or "o$er, %o$e/er, i" not ob#i'ed to p(r%a"e t%e #and i! it" /a#(e i"on"iderab#* more t%an t%e b(i#din', p#antin' or "o$in'. n "(% a"e, t%e b(i#der, p#anter or "o$er m("t pa* rent to t%e o$ner o! t%e #and. ! t%e partie" annot ome to term" o/er t%eondition" o! t%e #ea"e, t%e o(rt m("t !i t%e term" t%ereo!. %e ri'%t to %oo"e bet$eenappropriatin' t%e impro/ement or "e##in' t%e #and on $%i% t%e impro/ement o! t%e b(i#der,p#anter or "o$er "tand", i" 'i/en to t%e o$ner. ! t%e option %oo"e" i" to "e## t%e #ot, t%e priem("t be !ied at t%e pre/ai#in' mar)et /a#(e at t%e time o! pa*ment. etitioner $a" 'i/en b* SC30 da*" to deide on $%at to do or $%i% ri'%t to eeri"e.

HEIRS OF ROMAN DURANO, SR. VS SPOUSES UY, ET AL.Gr 13+5+, tober 2, 2000

F4()s: Con're""man Ramon (rano, Sr, and "on Ramon (rano and t%e #atterK" $i!e?#i<abet% &ot%)i"" (rano 4%erein petitioner" !i#ed a a"e !or dama'e" a'ain"t re"pondent"!or a##e'ed#* o!!iiatin' a 6%ate ampai'n a'ain"t t%em b* #od'in' omp#aint" !or in/a"ion o! t%ere"pondent"K propertie" in Ca%(ma*%(ma*an, anao Cit*. %e re"pondent" made a





o(nter#aim demandin' t%e ret(rn o! t%eir propertie" #aimin' t%at in A('("t 1970, t%e*reei/ed mimeo'rap%ed notie" "i'ned b* (rano Sr. in!ormin' t%em t%at t%e #and t%e*o(pied i" o$ned b* Ceb( ort#and Cement Compan* and $a" p(r%a"ed b* (rano H Co !or immediate t(rn o/er. &o$e/er, be!ore man* o! t%em o(#d e/en reei/e t%e notie, emp#o*ee"o! (rano H Co. proeeded to b(##do<e t%e #and, de"tro*in' p#antin'" and impro/ement" made

t%erein. n September 15, 1970, (rano H Co. "o#d t%e "(bet #and to (rano , b(t de"pitet%e "a#e, t%e re"pondent" remained in t%e propert* and on"tr(ted b(i#din'".

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e re"pondent" are b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%

RULING: YES. %e o(rt r(#ed t%at t%e reord" indiated t%at t%e re"pondent"K po""e""ion %a"a#read* ripened into o$ner"%ip b* a(i"iti/e pre"ription. A(i"iti/e pre"ription i" a(ired b*po""e""ion in 'ood !ait% $it% ("t titt#e !or a period o! ten *ear". ne i" on"idered in 'ood !ait%$%en %e i" not a$are o! an* !#a$ in %i" titt#e or mode o! a(i"ition o! t%e propert* and t%ere i"

("t tit#e $%en t%e ad/er"e #aimant ame into po""e""ion o! t%e propert* t%ro('% one o! t%emode" o! a(irin' o$ner"%ip pro/ided b* #a$.

n t%e a"e at bar, t%e re"pondent" a(ired t%e propertie" b* p(r%a"e or in%eritane

and e/er "ine $ere in at(a#, ontin(o(", open, and ad/er"e po""e""ion. %e petitioner" ont%e ot%er %and annot #aim 'ood !ait%. %e /a#idit* o! t%e erti!iate" o! tit#e obtained b* t%em$ere do(bted b* t%e o(rt" a" t%ere $a" a #a) o! re'i"tered tit#e o! Cepo and t%e deed o! "a#ebet$een Cepo and (rano H Co. $ere not notari"ed and t%ere!ore (nre'i"terab#e.B(rt%ermore, a b(*er o(#d not %a/e been i'norant t%at t%e propert* t%e* bo('%t $eread/er"e#* po""e""ed b* t%e re"pondent" nor did t%e* in/e"ti'ate t%e propert* Q t%e petitioner"annot be %e#d to be b(*er" in 'ood !ait%, nor b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%.

Dnder t%e Arti#e 9 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code, %e $%o b(i#d" et. in bad !ait% on t%e #ando! anot%er, #o"e" $%at i" b(i#t et. $it%o(t ri'%t o! indemnit*. B(rt%ermore, Arti#e 50 'i/e" t%e#ando$ner o/er $%i% "omet%in' $a" b(i#t in bad !ait% t%e po$er to demo#i"% t%e $or)" torep#ae t%e propert* in t%eir !ormer ondition at t%e epen"e o! t%e b(i#der, and Arti#e 51 'i/e"%im t%e ri'%t to dama'e".

SPOUSES DEL CAMPO v. ABESIAG.R. No.L-9219, 15 Apri# 1988

FACTS: An ation !or partition $a" !i#ed b* p#ainti!!" in t%e CB o! Ceb(. #ainti!!" andde!endant" are o-o$ner" pro indiviso o! t%i" #ot in t%e proportion o! and 1>3 "%are ea%,re"peti/e#*. %e tria# o(rt appointed a ommi""ioner $%o reommended t%at t%e #ot be di/idedinto t$o portion $it% t%e area o! 30 "(are meter" !or t%e p#ainti!!" and 15 "(are meter" !or t%ede!endant". %e %o("e" o! p#ainti!!" and de!endant" $ere "(r/e*ed and "%o$n on t%e ")et%p#an. %e %o("e o! de!endant" o(pied t%e portion $it% an area o! 5 "(are meter" o! Lot11+1-A o! p#ainti!!". %e partie" mani!e"ted t%eir on!ormit* to t%e report and a")ed t%e tria#o(rt to !ina##* "ett#e and ad(diate $%o amon' t%e partie" "%o(#d ta)e po""e""ion o! t%e 5"(are meter" o! t%e #and in (e"tion.

ISSUE: " Art 8 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code app#iab#e in a"e" $%ere t%e di"p(ted #and i" o-o$ned

RULING: NO. Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code pro/ide" a" !o##o$":





Art! (()! The oner of the land on hich anythin# has been built, son, or planted in #ood faith,shall have the ri#ht to appropriate as his on the orks, soin# or plantin#, after payment of the indemnity provided for in articles *(+ and *(), or to obli#e the one ho built or planted to

pay the price of the land, and the one ho soed, the proper rent! oever, the builder or planter cannot be obli#ed to buy the land if its value is considerably more than that of the

buildin# or trees! $n such case, he shall pay reasonable rent, if the oner of the land does not choose to appropriate the buildin# or trees after proper indemnity! The parties shall a#ree uponthe terms of the lease and in case of disa#reement, the court shall fix the terms thereof!

%e o(rt a %uo orret#* %e#d t%at Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ci/i# Code annot app#* $%ere a o-o$ner b(i#d", p#ant", or "o$" on t%e #and o$ned in ommon !or t%en %e did not b(i#d, p#ant or "o$(pon #and t%at e#("i/e#* be#on'" to anot%er b(t o! $%i% %e i" a o-o$ner. %e o-o$ner i" nota t%ird per"on (nder t%e ir(m"tane", and t%e "it(ation i" 'o/erned b* t%e r(#e" o! oo$ner"%ip. &o$e/er, $%en, a" in t%i" a"e, t%e o-o$ner"%ip i" terminated b* t%e partitionand it appear" t%at t%e %o("e o! de!endant" o/er#ap" or o(pie" a portion o! 5 "(are meter"o! t%e #and pertainin' to p#ainti!!" $%i% t%e de!endant" ob/io("#* b(i#t in 'ood !ait%, t%en t%epro/i"ion" o! Arti#e 8 o! t%e ne$ Ci/i# Code "%o(#d app#*. anre"a and Na/arro Amandi

a'ree t%at t%e "aid pro/i"ion o! t%e Ci/i# Code ma* app#* e/en $%en t%ere $a" o-o$ner"%ip i! 'ood !ait% %a" been e"tab#i"%ed.

PACIFIC FARMS, INC. v. ESGUERRAG.R. No. L-21783, 29 No/ember 19+9

FACTS: e!endant Qappe##ant, Carried L(mber Co. de#i/ered and "o#d on"tr(tion materia#" ton"(#ar Barm", n. "(% $a" (ti#i<ed !or on"tr(tion o! "i b(i#din'" at it" ompo(nd in @o#inaoan'a"inan $it%in t%e period o! t.1,195+- ar.2, 1957. %e tota# pro(rement amo(nted to15, 000.00 b(t n"(#ar Barm", n paid on#* partia# amo(nt o! , 710.18. Carried L(mber, Coin"tit(ted a i/i# a"e to reo/er t%e (npaid ba#ane be!ore t%e CB o! an'a"inan $%i%"("tained t%e ompan*K" #aim and a $rit o! ee(tion $a" i""(ed. %e "%eri!! #e/ied t%e "ib(i#din'", $%i% #ed to p#ainti!!- appe##ee, ai!i Barm", n, to !i#e a t%ird part* omp#ainta""ertin' ab"o#(te o$ner"%ip o! t%e b(i#din'" it $a" "o#d b* n"(#ar Barm" "e/en prior to t%ei/i# a"e. %e* "ee) to n(##i!* t%e #e/* and (diia# "a#e $it% dama'e" b(t t%e orporationontended to be innoent b(*er in 'ood !ait% !or /a#(e.

ISSUE: " t%ere a materia#man" #ien o/er t%e "i b(i#din'" in !a/or o! t%e appe##ant to be paidb* t%e b(*er o! propert*

RULING: YES. %ere!ore, app#*in' arti#e 7 b* ana#o'*, $e per!ore on"ider t%e b(i#din'"a" t%e prinipa# and t%e #(mber and on"tr(tion materia#" t%at $ent into t%eir on"tr(tion a"t%e ae""or*. %(" t%e appe##ee, i! it doe" o$n t%e "i b(i#din'", m("t bear t%e ob#i'ation topa* !or t%e /a#(e o! t%e "aid materia#" t%e appe##ant = $%i% apparent#* %a" no de"ire toremo/e t%e materia#", and, e/en i! it $ere minded to do "o, annot remo/e t%em $it%o(tnee""ari#* dama'in' t%e b(i#din'" = %a" t%e orre"pondin' ri'%t to reo/er t%e /a#(e o! t%e(npaid #(mber and on"tr(tion materia#". %e o(rt noted e/ident ir(m"tane" t%at ne'atet%e appe##ee" #aim o! bein' innoent b(*er in 'ood !ait% !or /a#(e:n t%e deed o! ab"o#(te "a#e, e%ibit 1, t%e n"(#ar Barm", n. 4/endor $a" repre"ented in t%eontrat b* it" pre"ident, F. Antonio Araneta. %e #atter $a" a diretor o! t%e appe##ee 4ai!iBarm", n. and $a" t%e o(n"e# $%o "i'ned t%e omp#aint !i#ed b* t%e appe##ee in t%e o(rt





be#o$. F. Antonio Araneta $a", t%ere!ore, not on#* t%e pre"ident o! t%e n"(#ar Barm", n. b(ta#"o a diretor and o(n"e# o! t%e appe##ee.(rin' t%e tria# o! i/i# a"e t%e n"(#ar Barm", n. $a" repre"ented b* Attorne* AmadoSantia'o, Fr. o! t%e #a$ !irm o! F. Antonio Araneta. %e #atter $a" one o! t%e o(n"e#" o! t%eai!i Barm", n.

PECSON V. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 11581, a* 2+, 1995

FACTS: etitioner edro . e"on $a" t%e o$ner o! a ommeria# #ot in Mamia", U(e<on Cit*on $%i% %e b(i#t a !o(r- door t$o-"tore* apartment. Bor %i" !ai#(re to pa* rea#t* tae" amo(ntin'to t$e#/e t%o("and pe"o", t%e #ot $a" "o#d at p(b#i a(tion b* t%e it* rea"(rer o! U(e<on Cit*to amerto Nepom(eno $%o in t(rn "o#d it on 12 tober 1983 to t%e pri/ate re"pondent", t%e"po("e" F(an N('(id and ?r#inda an-N('(id, !or one %(ndred t%ree t%o("and pe"o". %epetitioner %a##en'ed t%e /a#idit* o! t%e a(tion "a#e be!ore t%e RC o! U(e<on Cit*. n it"

dei"ion o! 8 Bebr(ar* 1989, t%e RC di"mi""ed t%e omp#aint, b(t a" to t%e pri/atere"pondent" #aim t%at t%e "a#e in#(ded t%e apartment b(i#din', it %e#d t%at t%e i""(eonernin' it $a" Inot a "(bet o! t%e . . . #iti'ation.I n re"o#/in' t%e pri/ate re"pondent"motion to reon"ider t%i" i""(e, t%e tria# o(rt %e#d t%at t%ere $a" no #e'a# ba"i" !or t%eontention t%at t%e apartment b(i#din' $a" in#(ded in t%e "a#e. n t%i" t%e petition !or re/ie$petitioner e"po("e t%e /ie$ t%at %e $a" a b(i#der in 'ood !ait% o! t%e apartment b(i#din' on t%et%eor* t%at %e on"tr(ted it at t%e time $%en %e $a" "ti## t%e o$ner o! t%e #ot.

ISSUE: ;%et%er t%e pro/i"ion o! Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ci/i# Code i" app#iab#e in t%e in"tant a"e.

RULING: Arti#e 8 doe" not app#* to a a"e $%ere t%e o$ner o! t%e #and i" t%e b(i#der, "o$er,or p#anter $%o t%en #ater #o"e" o$ner"%ip o! t%e #and b* "a#e or donation. ?#"e$i"e "tated,$%ere t%e tr(e o$ner %im"e#! i" t%e b(i#der o! $or)" on %i" o$n #and, t%e i""(e o! 'ood !ait% or bad !ait% i" entire#* irre#e/ant. %(" in "trit point o! #a$, Arti#e 8 i" not appo"ite to t%e a"e atbar. Ne/ert%e#e"", $e be#ie/e t%at t%e pro/i"ion t%erein on indemnit* ma* be app#ied b* ana#o'*on"iderin' t%at t%e primar* intent o! Arti#e 8 i" to a/oid a "tate o! !ored o-o$ner"%ip andt%at t%e partie", in#(din' t%e t$o o(rt" be#o$, in t%e main a'ree t%at Arti#e" 8 and 5+ o! t%e Ci/i# Code are app#iab#e and indemnit* !or t%e impro/ement" ma* be paid a#t%o('% t%e*di!!er a" to t%e ba"i" o! t%e indemnit*.

TECNOGAS PHILIPPINES MANUFACTURING CORPORATION, v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. N!. -$', F+*641 -$, -''#

FACTS: %e partie" in t%i" a"e are o$ner" o! adoinin' #ot" in araa(e, etro ani#a. t $a"di"o/ered in a "(r/e* t%at a portion o! a b(i#din' o! petitioner, $%i% $a" pre"(mab#*on"tr(ted b* it" predee""or-in-intere"t, enroa%ed on a portion o! t%e #ot o$ned b* pri/atere"pondent.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not petitioner a b(i#der in bad !ait% bea("e it i" pre"(med to )no$ t%emete" and bo(nd" o! %i" propert*.





RULING: No. Dn#e"" one i" /er"ed in t%e "iene o! "(r/e*in', no one an determine t%eprei"e etent or #oation o! %i" propert* b* mere#* eaminin' %i" paper tit#e. %e reord i" not#ear a" to $%o at(a##* b(i#t t%o"e "tr(t(re", b(t it ma* $e## be a""(med t%at petitioner"predee""or-in-intere"t, did "o. Arti#e 527 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pre"(me" 'ood !ait%, and "ine noproo! ei"t" to "%o$ t%at t%e enroa%ment o/er a narro$, need#e-"%aped portion o! pri/ate

re"pondent" #and $a" done in bad !ait% b* t%e b(i#der o! t%e enroa%in' "tr(t(re", t%e #atter "%o(#d be pre"(med to %a/e b(i#t t%em in 'ood !ait%. t i" pre"(med t%at po""e""ion ontin(e"to be eno*ed in t%e "ame %arater in $%i% it $a" a(ired, (nti# t%e ontrar* i" pro/ed. Good!ait% on"i"t" in t%e be#ie! o! t%e b(i#der t%at t%e #and %e i" b(i#din' on i" %i", and %i" i'noraneo! an* de!et or !#a$ in %i" tit#e.

GEMINIANO, ET. AL. v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 120303, 2 F(#* 199+

FACTS: a(#ina Amado /da. de Geminiano, petitioner"K mot%er, o$n" a $it% an area o! 31

"(are meter". n a 12-"(are-meter portion o! t%at #ot "tood t%e petitioner" (n!ini"%edb(n'a#o$, $%i% t%e petitioner" "o#d in No/ember 1978 to t%e pri/ate re"pondent" !or t%e "(mo! +,000.00, $it% an a##e'ed promi"e to "e## to t%e #atter t%at portion o! t%e #ot o(pied b* t%e%o("e. S(b"e(ent#*, t%e petitioner" mot%er ee(ted a ontrat o! #ea"e o/er a 12+ "(are-meter portion o! t%e #ot, in#(din' t%at portion on $%i% t%e %o("e "tood, in !a/or o! t%e pri/atere"pondent" !or 0.00 per mont% !or a period o! "e/en *ear" ommenin' on 15 No/ember 1978. %e pri/ate re"pondent" t%en introd(ed additiona# impro/ement" and re'i"tered t%e%o("e in t%eir name". A!ter t%e epiration o! t%e #ea"e in No/ember 1985, %o$e/er, t%epetitioner" mot%er re!("ed to aept t%e mont%#* renta#".t t(rned o(t t%at t%e #ot in (e"tion$a" t%e "(bet o! a "(it, $%i% re"(#ted in it" a(i"ition b* one aria Lee in 1972. n 1982,Lee "o#d t%e #ot to Li#* Sa#edo, $%o in t(rn "o#d it in 198 to t%e "po("e" A'("tin and ?"ter ioni"io.RC r(#ed t%at "ine t%e pri/ate re"pondent" $ere a""(red b* t%e petitioner" t%at t%e #ot t%e*#ea"ed $o(#d e/ent(a##* be "o#d to t%em, t%e* o(#d be on"idered b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%, and a""(%, $ere entit#ed to reimb(r"ement o! t%e /a#(e o! t%e %o("e and impro/ement" $it% t%e ri'%to! retention (nti# reimb(r"ement %ad been made.

ISSUE: Are t%e pri/ate re"pondent" b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%

RULING: NO. @ein' mere #e""ee", t%e pri/ate re"pondent" )ne$ t%at t%eir o(pation o! t%epremi"e" $o(#d ontin(e on#* !or t%e #i!e o! t%e #ea"e. #ain#*, t%e* annot be on"idered a"po""e""or" nor b(i#der" in 'ood !ait%. %i" Co(rt %a" %e#d t%at Arti#e 8 o! t%e Ci/i# Code, inre#ation to Arti#e 5+ o! t%e "ame Code, $%i% a##o$" !(## reimb(r"ement o! ("e!(#impro/ement" and retention o! t%e premi"e" (nti# reimb(r"ement i" made, app#ie" on#* to apo""e""or in 'ood !ait%, i.e., one $%o b(i#d" on #and $it% t%e be#ie! t%at %e i" t%e o$ner t%ereo!.t doe" not app#* $%ere one" on#* intere"t i" t%at o! a #e""ee (nder a renta# ontrat ot%er$i"e,it $o(#d a#$a*" be in t%e po$er o! t%e tenant to Iimpro/eI %i" #and#ord o(t o! %i" propert*. Ande/en i! t%e petitioner" indeed promi"ed to "e##, it $o(#d not ma)e t%e pri/ate re"pondent"po""e""or" or b(i#der" in 'ood !ait% "o a" to be o/ered b* t%e pro/i"ion" o! Arti#e 8 o! t%eCi/i# Code. %e #atter annot rai"e t%e mere epetan* o! o$ner"%ip o! t%e a!orementioned #otbea("e t%e a##e'ed promi"e to "e## $a" not !(#!i##ed nor it" ei"tene e/en pro/en. %e !ir"tt%in' t%at t%e pri/ate re"pondent" "%o(#d %a/e done $a" to red(e t%e a##e'ed promi"e into$ritin', bea("e (nder Arti#e 103 o! t%e Ci/i# Code, an a'reement !or t%e "a#e o! rea# propert*





or an intere"t t%erein i" (nen!oreab#e, (n#e"" "ome note or memorand(m t%ereo! be prod(ed.Not %a/in' ta)en an* "tep" in order t%at t%e a##e'ed promi"e to "e## ma* be en!ored, t%e pri/atere"pondent" annot ban) on t%at promi"e and pro!e"" an* #aim nor o#or o! tit#e o/er t%e #ot in(e"tion.

PLEASANTVILLE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 79+88, 1 Bebr(ar* 199+

FACTS: Re"pondent ?dit% Robi##o p(r%a"ed !rom petitioner a pare# o! #and de"i'nated a" Lot9 in #ea"ant/i##e S(bdi/i"ion. n 1975, re"pondent ?#dred Fardinio bo('%t t%e ri'%t" to t%e #ot!rom Robi##o. At t%at time, Lot 9 $a" /aant. Dpon omp#etin' a## pa*ment", Fardinio "e(red!rom t%e Re'i"ter o! eed" a ran"!er Certi!iate o! it#e in %i" name. t $a" t%en t%at %edi"o/ered t%at impro/ement" %ad been introd(ed on Lot 9 b* re"pondent ;i#"on Mee, $%o%ad ta)en po""e""ion t%ereo!. t appear" t%at on ar% 2+, 197, Mee bo('%t on in"ta##ment Lot

8 o! t%e "ame "(bdi/i"ion !rom C.. orre" ?nterpri"e", n. 4C?, t%e e#("i/e rea# e"tatea'ent o! petitioner. Dnder t%e Contrat to Se## on n"ta##ment, Mee o(#d po""e"" t%e #ot e/enbe!ore t%e omp#etion o! a## in"ta##ment pa*ment". n Fan(ar* 20, 1975, Mee paid C? t%ere#oation !ee o! 50.00 and anot%er 50.00 on Fan(ar* 27, 1975, !or t%e preparation o! t%e #otp#an. %e"e amo(nt" $ere paid prior to MeeK" ta)in' at(a# po""e""ion o! Lot 8. A!ter t%epreparation o! t%e #ot p#an and a op* t%ereo! 'i/en to Mee, C? t%ro('% it" emp#o*ee,Oenaida ta/iano, aompanied MeeK" $i!e, onabe##e Mee, to in"pet Lot 8. Dn!ort(nate#*, t%epare# o! #and pointed b* ta/iano $a" Lot 9. %erea!ter, Mee proeeded to on"tr(t %i"re"idene, a "tore, an a(to repair "%op and ot%er impro/ement" on t%e #ot. A!ter di"o/erin' t%atLot 9 $a" o(pied b* Mee, Fardinio on!ronted %im. %e partie" tried to rea% an amiab#e"ett#ement, b(t !ai#ed. n Fan(ar* 30, 1981, FardinioK" #a$*er $rote Mee, demandin' t%at t%e#atter remo/e a## impro/ement" and /aate Lot 9. ;%en Mee re!("ed to /aate, Fardinio !i#ed aomp#aint !or eetment $it% dama'e" a'ain"t Mee. Mee, in t(rn, !i#ed a t%ird-part* omp#ainta'ain"t petitioner and C?.

ISSUE: ;a" t%e re"pondent a b(i#der in 'ood !ait%

RULING: YES. Good !ait% on"i"t" in t%e be#ie! o! t%e b(i#der t%at t%e #and %e i" b(i#din' on i"%i" and %i" i'norane o! an* de!et or !#a$ in %i" tit#e. And a" 'ood !ait% i" pre"(med, petitioner %a" t%e b(rden o! pro/in' bad !ait% on t%e part o! t%e re"pondent 4Mee. At t%e time %e b(i#timpro/ement" on Lot 8, Mee be#ie/ed t%at "aid #ot $a" $%at %e bo('%t !rom petitioner. &e $a"not a$are t%at t%e #ot de#i/ered to %im $a" not Lot 8. %(", Mee" 'ood !ait%. etitioner !ai#ed topro/e ot%er$i"e.

IGNACIO vs. HILARIOG.R. N. L-175. Apri# 30, 19+

FACTS: ?#ia" &i#ario and %i" $i!e ioni"ia re" !i#ed a a"e be!ore t%e CB o! an'a"inana'ain"t amian, Brani"o and L(i", "(rnamed 'naio, onernin' t%e o$ner"%ip o! a pare# o! #and, part#* rie-#and and part#* re"identia#. A!ter t%e tria# o! t%e a"e, F(d'ment $a" rendered%o#din' p#ainti!!" a" t%e #e'a# o$ner" o! t%e $%o#e propert* b(t onedin' to de!endant" t%e





o$ner"%ip o! t%e %o("e" and 'ranarie" b(i#t b* t%em on t%e re"identia# portion $it% t%e ri'%t" o! a po""e""or in 'ood !ait%, in aordane $it% Arti#e 3+1 o! t%e Ci/i# Code.S(b"e(ent#*, in a motion !i#ed in t%e "ame Co(rt o! Bir"t n"tane, t%e p#ainti!!" pra*ed !or anorder o! ee(tion a##e'in' t%at "ine t%e* %o"e neit%er to pa* de!endant" !or t%e b(i#din'" nor to "e## t%em t%e re"identia# #ot, "aid de!endant" "%o(#d be ordered to remo/e t%e "tr(t(re at

t%eir o$n epen"e and to re"tore p#ainti!!" in t%e po""e""ion o! "aid #ot.

ISSUE: a* an o$ner in 'ood !ait% eet a b(i#der in 'ood !ait% $it%o(t %oo"in' eit%er toappropriate t%e b(i#din' !or %im"e#! a!ter pa*ment o! it" /a#(e or to "e## %i" #and to t%e b(i#der in'ood !ait%

RULING: No. %e o$ner o! t%e b(i#din' ereted in 'ood !ait% on a #and o$ned b* anot%er, i"entit#ed to retain t%e po""e""ion o! t%e #and (nti# %e i" paid t%e /a#(e o! %i" b(i#din', (nder Arti#e53. %e o$ner o! t%e #and, (pon t%e ot%er %and, %a" t%e option, (nder Arti#e 3+1, eit%er to pa*!or t%e b(i#din'" or to "e## %i" #and to t%e o$ner o! t%e b(i#din'. @(t %e annot, a" re"pondent"%ere did, re!("e bot% to pa* !or t%e b(i#din' and to "e## t%e #and and ompe# t%e o$ner o! t%eb(i#din' to remo/e it !rom t%e #and $%ere it i" ereted. &e i" entit#ed to "(% remotion on#* $%en,

a!ter %a/in' %o"en to "e## %i" #and, t%e ot%er part* !ai#" to pa* t%e "ame.

ROSALES vs CASTELLTORT

FACTS: Spo("e"-petitioner" Rodo#!o . Ro"a#e" and Li#* Ro"(eta-Ro"a#e" are t%e re'i"teredo$ner" o! a pare# o! #and. %e* di"o/ered t%at a %o("e $a" bein' on"tr(ted on t%eir #ot,$it%o(t t%eir )no$#ed'e and on"ent, b* re"pondent i'(e# Ca"te##tort 4Ca"te##tort. t t(rned o(tt%at re"pondent" Ca"te##tort and %i" $i!e F(dit% %ad p(r%a"ed a #ot, Lot 1+ o! t%e "ameS(bdi/i"ion #an, !rom re"pondent Lina Lope<-i##e'a" 4Lina t%ro('% %er "on-attorne*- in-!atRene i##e'a" 4i##e'a" b(t t%at a!ter a "(r/e* t%ereo! b* 'eodeti en'ineer A('("to Ri/era, %epointed to Lot 17 a" t%e Lot 1+ t%e Ca"te##tort" p(r%a"ed.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not Ca"te##tort i" a b(i#der in 'ood !ait%

RULING: Ee". A b(i#der in 'ood !ait% i" one $%o b(i#d" $it% t%e be#ie! t%at t%e #and %e i"b(i#din' on i" %i", or t%at b* "ome tit#e one %a" t%e ri'%t to b(i#d t%ereon, and i" i'norant o! an*de!et or !#a$ in %i" tit#e. Arti#e 527 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at 'ood !ait% i" a#$a*"pre"(med, and (pon %im $%o a##e'e" bad !ait% on t%e part o! a po""e""or re"t" t%e b(rden o! proo!. n t%e a"e at bar, Lot 1+ $a" "o#d b* Lina, t%ro('% %er attorne*-in-!at i##e'a", toCa"te##tort and a ertain ?#i<abet% Cr(< !or a on"ideration o! 500,000.00. ;%i#e prior to t%e"a#e, $%at i##e'a" "%o$ed Ca"te##tort a" e/idene o! %i" mot%er Lina" o$ner"%ip o! t%epropert* $a" on#* a p%otoop* o! %er tit#e C No. 4-2171 -18550 %e ep#ainin' t%at t%eo$ner" d(p#iate o! t%e tit#e $a" #o"t and t%at (diia# reon"tit(tion t%ereo! $a" on'oin',Ca"te##tort ated in t%e manner o! a pr(dent man and $ent to t%e Re'i"tr* o! eed" o! La'(nato pro(re a erti!ied tr(e op* o! t%e C. %e erti!ied tr(e op* bore no annotation indiatin'an* prior ad/er"e #aim on Lot 1+. %e reord" indiate t%at at t%e time Ca"te##tort be'anon"tr(tin' %i" %o("e on petitioner" #ot, %e be#ie/ed t%at it $a" t%e Lot 1+ %e bo('%t andde#i/ered to %im b* i##e'a". %e on!("ion in t%e identi!iation o! Lot 1+ $a" e/ent(a##* traedto t%e error ommitted b* 'eodeti en'ineer A('("to Ri/era" emp#o*ee" in p#ain' "tonemon(ment" on petitioner" propert*, in"tead o! on Lot 1+, t%e #ot "o#d to Ca"te##tort, ba"ed on t%e"(r/e* made b* t%e en'ineer in 1992.





AGUSTIN vs INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT

FACTS: A##(/i(m a" aretion $a" depo"ited on t%e #and po""e""ed b* pri/ate re"pondent".S(dden and abr(pt %an'e o! t%e o(r"e o! t%e Ca'a*an Ri/er "eparated or tran"!erred "aidaretion" to t%e ot%er "ide o! t%e ri/er be#on'in' to petitioner.

ISSUE: $%et%er or not pri/ate re"pondent" o$ner"%ip o! t%e aretion to t%eir #and" $a" #o"t a"a re"(#t o! a/(#"ion to t%e ot%er "ide o! t%e ri/er

RULING: No. Arti#e" 59 and +3 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code app#* to t%i" "it(ation. Art. 59.;%ene/er t%e (rrent o! a ri/er, ree) or torrent "e're'ate" !rom an e"tate on it" ban) a )no$nportion o! #and and tran"!er" it to anot%er e"tate, t%e o$ner o! t%e #and to $%i% t%e "e're'atedportion be#on'ed retain" t%e o$ner"%ip o! it, pro/ided t%at %e remo/e" t%e "ame $it%in t$o*ear". Art. +3. ;%ene/er t%e (rrent o! a ri/er di/ide" it"e#! into bran%e", #ea/in' a piee o! #and or part t%ereo! i"o#ated, t%e o$ner o! t%e #and retain" %i" o$ner"%ip. &e a#"o retain" it i! aportion o! #and i" "eparated !rom t%e e"tate b* t%e (rrent. n t%e a"e at bar, t%e "(dden%an'e o! o(r"e o! t%e Ca'a*an Ri/er a" a re"(#t o! a "tron' t*p%oon in 19+8 a("ed a portiono! t%e #and" o! t%e pri/ate re"pondent" to be I"eparated !rom t%e e"tate b* t%e (rrent.I %epri/ate re"pondent" %a/e retained t%e o$ner"%ip o! t%e portion t%at $a" tran"!erred b* a/(#"ionto t%e ot%er "ide o! t%e ri/er.

CUREG v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURTG.R. No. 73+5, 7 September 1989

FACTS: ri/ate re"pondent omin'o Apo"to# bo('%t a pare# o! #and !rom pri/ate re"pondent"So#edad Gerardo, Ro"a Gerardo, Nie/e" Gerardo, B#orde#i<a Gerardo 4Gerardo", anda(inad. At t%e time o! t%e ee(tion b* t%e /endor" o! an ?tra-F(diia# artition o! t%epropert*, t%e pare# o! #and a#read* "%o$ed "i'n" o! aretion o! abo(t t%ree 43 %etare".%erea!ter, $%en pri/ate re"pondent" $ere abo(t to (#ti/ate t%e #and to'et%er $it% it"aretion, t%e* $ere pre/ented and t%reatened b* petitioner C(re'. etitioner C(re' an%or"%i" #aim on t%e pare# o! #and and it" aretion on ri'ina# Certi!iate o! it#e No. -19093 4t%eC on#* o/ered t%e pare# o! #and, $%i#e pri/ate re"pondent" an%or t%eir #aim onpre/io("#* !i#ed ta de#aration" "tatin' t%e area and bo(ndarie" o! t%e #and.

ISSUE: " C(re' "ti## re(ired to re'i"ter, (nder t%e orren" S*"tem, t%e #and a(ired t%ro('%aretion, e/en i! t%e pare# o! #and $%i% reei/ed t%e aretion $a" a#read* o/ered b* a

orren" tit#e

RULING: YES. An inrea"e in t%e area o! oneK" #and t%ro('% an aretion #e!t b* t%e %an'e o! o(r"e or t%e nort%$ard mo/ement o! a bod* o! $ater doe" not a(tomatia##* beome re'i"tered#and ("t bea("e t%e #ot $%i% reei/e" "(% aretion i" o/ered b* a orren" tit#e. A" "(%, itm("t a#"o be p#aed (nder t%e operation o! t%e orren" S*"tem.





VIA;AR v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. N!. L"##', D+(+*+ -, -'

FACTS: %e "po("e" Ladrido $ere t%e o$ner" o! Lot No. 7511 o! t%e Cada"tra# S(r/e* "it(atedin baran'a* Ca$a*an, ototan, #oi#o. %i" #ot $a" re'i"tered in t%e name" o! t%e "po("e" (nder

C o! t%e Re'i"ter o! eed" o! #oi#o. Spo("e" e $ere a#"o t%e re'i"tered o$ner" o! a pare#o! #and de"ribed in t%eir tit#e a" Lot No. 730 o! t%e Cada"tra# S(r/e*. e "o#d t%i" #ot Spo("e"iaar. A orren" tit#e $a" #ater i""(ed in t%eir name". Later, An'e#ia iaar %ad Lot No. 730re#oated and !o(nd o(t t%at t%e propert* $a" in t%e po""e""ion o! Riardo Ladrido.Con"e(ent#*, "%e demanded it" ret(rn b(t Ladrido re!("ed. Spo("e" iaar in"tit(ted a i/i#ation !or reo/er* o! po""e""ion and dama'e" a'ain"t Riardo Ladrido and Ro"endo e.#ainti!!" "o('%t t%e ann(#ment o! t%e deed o! "a#e and t%e re"tit(tion o! t%e p(r%a"e prie $it%intere"t in t%e e/ent t%e po""e""ion o! de!endant Ladrido i" "("tained. t i" admitted b* t%epartie" t%at Lot No. 7511 and Lot No. 730 $ere "eparated b* t%e S(a'(e Ri/er. etitioner"a#"o ontend t%at Arti#e 57 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code m("t be on"tr(ed to #imit t%e aretionmentioned t%erein a" aretion o! (nre'i"tered #and to t%e riparian o$ner, and "%o(#d not etendto re'i"tered #and. %e #o$er o(rt and CA r(#ed in !a/o(r o! de!endant".

ISSUES:1. " t%e %an'e in t%e o(r"e o! t%e S(a'(e Ri/er "(dden a" #aimed b* t%e p#ainti!!" in order to ne'ate t%e ri'%t o! aretion b* t%e de!endant" 2. " aretion (nder Art. 57 #imited to(nre'i"tered #and", a" "(% protetin' re'i"tered #and" a'ain"t dimin(tion in area

RULING: 1. NO. Bor a period o! more t%an 0 *ear" 4be!ore 190 to 1980 t%e S(a'(e Ri/er o/er!#o$ed it" ban)" *ear#* and t%e propert* o! t%e de!endant 'rad(a##* reei/ed depo"it" o! "oi#!rom t%e e!!et" o! t%e (rrent o! t%e ri/er. %e on"e(ent inrea"e in t%e area o! Lot No. 7511d(e to a##(/ion or aretion $a" po""e""ed b* t%e de!endant" $%o"e tenant" p#o$ed andp#anted t%e "ame $it% orn and tobao. Art. 57 pro/ide" t%at to t%e o$ner" o! #and" adoinin't%e ban)" o! ri/er" be#on' t%e aretion $%i% t%e* 'rad(a##* reei/ed !rom t%e e!!et" o! t%e(rrent o! t%e $ater".2. NO. t a#"o app#ie" to re'i"tered #and". %e r(#e t%at re'i"tration (nder t%e orren" S*"temdoe" not protet t%e riparian o$ner a'ain"t t%e dimin(tion o! t%e area o! %i" re'i"tered #andt%ro('% 'rad(a# %an'e" in t%e o(r"e o! an adoinin' "tream i" $e## "ett#ed.

HEIRS OF NAVARRO v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT

FACTS: Sin!oro"o a"(a# $anted to re'i"ter #and on t%e nort%ern "etion o! %i" ei"tin're'i"tered propert*, $%i% i" bo(nded on t%e ea"t b* t%e a#i"a* Ri/er, on t%e ;e"t b* t%e@(#aan Ri/er and on t%e Nort% b* t%e ani#a @a*. A" bot% ri/er" !#o$ to$ard" t%e ani#a @a*,etra #and o! abo(t 17 %etare" !ormed in t%e nort%ern mo"t "etion o! t%e propert*. ?mi#ioNa/arro, $%o #ea"ed part o! t%e propert* "o('%t to be re'i"tered, oppo"ed t%e app#iation inorder to protet %i" !i"%pond. %e #o$er o(rt denied t%e app#iation on t%e 'ro(nd t%at t%epropert* $a" !ore"%ore #and and t%ere!ore part o! t%e p(b#i domain. Dpon appea#, t%e CA r(#edin !a/or o! t%e app#iation, %o#din' t%at t%e aretion $a" a("ed b* t%e t$o ri/er", not b* t%eani#a @a*, and %ene, Arti#e 57 "%o(#d app#*.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e aretion ta)in' p#ae on propert* adaent to t%e "ea an bere'i"tered (nder t%e orren" "*"tem





RULING: No. %e di"p(ted propert* $a" bro('%t !ort% b* bot% t%e $it%dra$a# o! t%e $ater" o! ani#a @a* and t%e aretion !ormed on t%e epo"ed !ore"%ore #and b* t%e ation o! t%e "ea$%i% bro('%t "oi# and "and "ediment" in t(rn trapped b* t%e pa#apat and ba)a$an tree"p#anted t%ereon b* petitioner S(#piio a"(a# in 198.

ri/ate re"pondent" #aim o! o$ner"%ip o/er t%e di"p(ted propert* (nder t%e prinip#e o! aretion, i" mi"p#aed. Bir"t, t%e tit#e o! pri/ate re"pondent" o$n trat o! #and re/ea#" it"nort%ea"tern bo(ndar* to be ani#a @a*. ri/ate re"pondent" #and, t%ere!ore, ("ed to adoin,border or !ront t%e ani#a @a* and not an* o! t%e t$o ri/er" $%o"e torrentia# ation, pri/atere"pondent" in"i"t, i" to ao(nt !or t%e aretion on t%eir #and. n !at, one o! t%e pri/atere"pondent", S(#piio a"(a#, te"ti!ied in open o(rt t%at t%e $a/e" o! ani#a @a* ("ed to %itt%e di"p(ted #and bein' part o! t%e ba*" !ore"%ore b(t, a!ter %e %ad p#anted pa#apat andba)a$an tree" t%ereon in 198, t%e #and be'an to ri"e.

oreo/er, t%ere i" no di"p(te a" to t%e #oation o!: 4a t%e di"p(ted #and 4b pri/atere"pondent" o$n trat o! #and 4 t%e ani#a @a* and, 4d t%e a#i"a* and @(#aan Ri/er".

ri/ate re"pondent" o$n #and #ie" bet$een t%e a#i"a* and @(#aan Ri/er" in !ront o! t%eir #andon t%e nort%ern "ide #ie" no$ t%e di"p(ted #and $%ere be!ore 198, t%ere #a* t%e ani#a @a*. ! t%e aretion $ere to be attrib(ted to t%e ation o! eit%er or bot% o! t%e a#i"a* and @(#aanRi/er", t%e a##(/i(m "%o(#d %a/e been depo"ited on eit%er or bot% o! t%e ea"tern and $e"ternbo(ndarie" o! pri/ate re"pondent" o$n trat o! #and, not on t%e nort%ern portion t%ereo! $%i% i"adaent to t%e ani#a @a*. C#ear#* #a)in', t%(", i" t%e t%ird re(i"ite o! aretion, $%i% i", t%att%e a##(/i(m i" depo"ited on t%e portion o! #aimant" #and $%i% i" adaent to t%e ri/er ban).

Seond, t%ere i" no di"p(te a" to t%e !at t%at pri/ate re"pondent" o$n trat o! #and adoin" t%eani#a @a*. ani#a @a* i" ob/io("#* not a ri/er, and (ri"pr(dene i" a#read* "ett#ed a" to $%at)ind o! bod* o! $ater t%e ani#a @a* i". A ba* i" part o! t%e "ea, bein' a mere indentation o! t%e"ame. %e di"p(ted #and, t%(", i" an aretion not on a ri/er ban) b(t on a "ea ban), or on $%at("ed to be t%e !ore"%ore o! ani#a @a* $%i% adoined pri/ate re"pondent" o$n trat o! #and ont%e nort%ern "ide. A" "(%, t%e app#iab#e #a$ i" not Arti#e 57 o! t%e Ci/i# Code b(t Arti#e o! t%e Spani"% La$ o! ;ater" o! 18++.

VDA. DE NAARENO v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 9805, F(ne 2+, 199+, Romero

FACTS: %e "(bet o! t%i" ontro/er"* i" a pare# o! #and $%i% $a" !ormed a" a re"(#t o! "a$d("t d(mped into t%e dried-(p @a#aana" Cree) and a#on' t%e ban)" o! t%e Ca'a*an Ri/er.Riparian o$ner Antonio Na<areno $anted to per!et %i" tit#e o/er t%e "aid aretion area b(t it$a" prote"ted b* pri/ate re"pondent", $%o %ad %o("e" b(i#t t%ereon, be!ore t%e @(rea( o! Land". %e @(rea( ordered t%at pri/ate re"pondent" ma* !i#e p(b#i #and app#iation" o/er t%e"aid area and t%at t%e* be p#aed in po""e""ion t%ereo!, b(t petitioner", t%e %eir" o! AntonioNa<areno, #aim t%at t%e "(bet #and i" pri/ate #and bein' an aretion to t%e tit#ed propert*,app#*in' Art. 57 o! t%e Ci/i# Code.

ISSUE: o t%e Na<areno" o$n t%e aretion area

RULING: No. n t%e a"e o! Meneses v! CA, t%i" Co(rt %e#d t%at aretion, a" a mode o!





a(irin' propert* (nder Art. 57 o! t%e Ci/i# Code, re(ire" t%e on(rrene o! t%e"ere(i"ite": 41 t%at t%e depo"ition o! "oi# or "ediment be 'rad(a# and impereptib#e 42 t%at it bet%e re"(#t o! t%e ation o! t%e $ater" o! t%e ri/er 4or "ea and 43 t%at t%e #and $%ere aretionta)e" p#ae i" adaent to t%e ban)" or ri/er" 4or t%e "ea oa"t.

Bor petitioner" to in"i"t on t%e app#iation o! t%e"e r(#e" on a##(/ion to t%eir a"e, t%e abo/e-mentioned re(i"ite" m("t be pre"ent. &o$e/er, t%e* admit t%at t%e aretion $a" !ormed b*t%e d(mpin' o! bo(#der", "oi# and ot%er !i##in' materia#" on portion" o! t%e @a#aana" Cree) andt%e Ca'a*an Ri/er bo(ndin' t%eir #and. t annot be #aimed, t%ere!ore, t%at t%e a(m(#ation o! "(% bo(#der", "oi# and ot%er !i##in' materia#" $a" 'rad(a# and impereptib#e, re"(#tin' !rom t%eation o! t%e $ater" or t%e (rrent o! t%e @a#aana" Cree) and t%e Ca'a*an Ri/er. n ilario v!City of Manila, t%i" Co(rt %e#d t%at t%e $ord I(rrentI indiate" t%e partiipation o! t%e bod* o! $ater in t%e ebb and !#o$ o! $ater" d(e to %i'% and #o$ tide. etitioner" "(bmi""ion not %a/in'met t%e !ir"t and "eond re(irement" o! t%e r(#e" on a##(/ion, t%e* annot #aim t%e ri'%t" o! ariparian o$ner.

t i" t%i" Co(rt" on#("ion t%at t%e aretion $a" man-made or arti!iia#. n Republic v! CA, t%i"Co(rt r(#ed t%at t%e re(irement t%at t%e depo"it "%o(#d be d(e to t%e e!!et o! t%e (rrent o! t%eri/er i" indi"pen"ab#e. %i" e#(de" !rom Art. 57 o! t%e Ci/i# Code a## depo"it" a("ed b*%(man inter/ention. (ttin' it di!!erent#*, a##(/ion m("t be t%e e#("i/e $or) o! nat(re. n t%ea"e at bar, t%e "(bet #and $a" t%e diret re"(#t o! t%e d(mpin' o! "a$d("t b* t%e S(n a##e*L(mber Co. on"e(ent to it" "a$mi## operation". ?/en i! t%i" Co(rt $ere to ta)e intoon"ideration petitioner" "(bmi""ion t%at t%e aretion "ite $a" t%e re"(#t o! t%e #ate AntonioNa<areno" #abor on"i"tin' in t%e d(mpin' o! bo(#der", "oi# and ot%er !i##in' materia#" into t%e@a#aana" Cree) and Ca'a*an Ri/er bo(ndin' %i" #and, t%e "ame $o(#d "ti## be part o! t%ep(b#i domain.

CO-OWNERSHIP

AVILA v. BARABAT

FACTS: A/i#a i" a o-o$ner o! a ada"tra# #ot b* /irt(e o! in%eritane. @arabat no$ #ea"ed aertain portion o! A/i#a" %o("e, #ater on, a/i#a "o('%t to "e## %i" "%are and o!!ered t%e propert*!ir"t to %er o-o$ner", $%i% noone "%o$n intere"t, $%i% "%e t%en "o#d it to barabat $%oa'reed to t%e "ame and ee(ted a deed o! "a#e o/er t%e "pei!i portion o! t%e #and. @arabateeri"ed o$ner"%ip and a#"o paid t%e rea# e"tate tae", #ater on, t%e o-o$ner "o('%t toeeri"e %i" ri'%t o! #e'a# redemption.

ISSUE: ;N #e'a# redemption ma* "ti## be eeri"ed

RULING: %e p(rpo"e o! partition i" to "eparate, di/ide and a""i'n a t%in' %e#d in ommonamon' t%o"e to $%om it be#on'". @* t%eir o$n admi""ion, petitioner" a#read* "e're'ated andtoo) po""e""ion o! t%eir re"peti/e "%are" in t%e #ot. %eir re"peti/e "%are" $ere t%ere!orep%*"ia##* determined, #ear#* identi!iab#e and no #on'er idea#. %(", t%e o-o$ner"%ip %ad been#e'a##* di""o#/ed. ;it% t%at, petitioner"K ri'%t to redeem an* part o! t%e propert* !rom an* o! t%eir





!ormer o-o$ner" $a" a#read* etin'(i"%ed. A" #e'a# redemption i" intended to minimi<e o-o$ner"%ip, one a propert* i" "(bdi/ided and di"trib(ted amon' t%e o-o$ner", t%e omm(nit*ea"e" to ei"t and t%ere i" no more rea"on to "("tain an* ri'%t o! #e'a# redemption.

DEL BANCO vs CA

FACTS: Bo(r o-o$ner" bo('%t a 1,+00 %etare #and !rom t%e "pani"% 'o/ernment $it% aninitia# "%arin' a'reement o! 1> "%are per o-o$ner and "tarted to po""e"" and o(p* t%e"ame. Later on, t%e* a'reed to modi!* t%eir a'reement onernin' t%e o-o$ner"%ip. A!ter 100*ear", one o! t%e o-o$ner" "o('%t to %a/e a partition o/er t%e propertie". n de!en"e, t%e ot%er o-o$ner" #aimed pre"ription a" a de!en"e, re" (diata, #a%e" and e"toppe#.

ISSUE: Can mere a'reement to "(bdi/ide propert* terminate o-o$ner"%ip

RULING: No. t i" not eno('% t%at t%e o-o$ner" a'ree to "(bdi/ide t%e propert*. %e* m("t%a/e a "(bdi/i"ion p#an dra$n in aordane $it% $%i% t%e* ta)e at(a# and e#("i/epo""e""ion o! t%eir re"peti/e portion" in t%e p#an and tit#e" i""(ed to ea% o! t%em aordin'#*4Caro /. Co(rt o! Appea#", 113 SCRA 10 1982T. %e me%ani" o! at(a# partition "%o(#d !o##o$t%e proed(re #aid do$n in R(#e +9 o! t%e R(#e" o! Co(rt. a'anon /. onteo, 1+ SCRA 282198+T. Neit%er an "(% at(a# po""e""ion and eno*ment o! "ome portion" o! t%e "#and b*"ome o! t%e petitioner" %erein be on"idered a rep(diation o! t%e o- o$ner"%ip. t i" (ndi"p(tedt%at t%e Ca'ba#ite "#and $a" p(r%a"ed b* t%e ori'ina# o-o$ner" a" a ommon propert* and it%a" not been pro/en t%at t%e "#and %ad been partitioned amon' t%em or amon' t%eir %eir".;%i#e t%ere i" o-o$ner"%ip, a o-o$ner" po""e""ion o! %i" "%are i" o-po""e""ion $%i% i"#in)ed to t%e po""e""ion o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner" 4Gat%a#ian /. Ar#e'(i, 75 SCRA 23 1977T.B(rt%ermore, no pre"ription "%a## r(n in !a/or o! a o-o$ner a'ain"t %i" o- o$ner" or o-%eir"

"o #on' a" %e epre""#* or imp#ied#* reo'ni<e" t%e o- o$ner"%ip 4a#de< /. #on'a, 51 SCRA71 1973T, ero /. ero, 131 SCRA 100 198T. Co-o$ner" annot a(ire b* pre"ription t%e"%are o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner", ab"ent a #ear rep(diation o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip #ear#*omm(niated to t%e ot%er o-o$ner" 4ariano /. e e'a, 18 SCRA 32 1987T. An ation!or partition doe" not pre"ribe. Arti#e 03 o! t%e #d Ci/i# Code, no$ Arti#e 97, pro/ide" t%att%e a""i'nee" o! t%e o-o$ner" ma* ta)e part in t%e partition o! t%e ommon propert*, and

Arti#e 00 o! t%e #d Code, no$ Arti#e 9 pro/ide" t%at ea% o-o$ner ma* demand at an*time t%e partition o! t%e ommon propert*, a pro/i"ion $%i% imp#ie" t%at t%e ation to demandpartition i" impre"riptib#e or annot be barred b* #a%e" 4@(d#on' /. ondo, 79 SCRA 21977T. An ation !or partition doe" not #ie eept $%en t%e o- o$ner"%ip i" proper#* rep(diatedb* t%e o- o$ner 4Fardin /. &o##a"o, 117 SCRA 532 1982T.

ADLAWAN V. ADLAWAN,G.R. N. 1+191+, Fan(ar* 20, 200+

FACTS: A %o("e and #ot 4#ot 722+ $a" re'i"tered in t%e name o! ominador Ad#a$an, t%e!at%er o! 4petitioner Arne#ito Ad#a$an. &e i" t%e a)no$#ed'ed i##e'itimate %i#d o! ominador $%o i" #aimin' t%at %e i" t%e "o#e %eir. &e t%en ad(diated to %im"e#! t%e "aid %o("e and #ot to





%im"e#! and o(t o! 'enero"it* a##o$ed t%e "ib#in'" o! %i" !at%er to o(p* t%e propert* pro/idedt%at t%e* /aate $%en a")ed. ime ame $%en %e demanded t%at t%e* /aate and $%en t%e*re!("ed %e !i#ed an eetment "(it a'ain"t t%em. &i" a(nt and (n#e on t%e ot%er %and, Nari"a470 and ?meterio 459 denied %i" a##e'ation" #aimin' t%at t%e "aid #ot $a" re'i"tered in t%eir parent" name and t%e* %ad been #i/in' in t%e "aid %o("e and #ot "ine birt%. %e on#* rea"on

$%* t%e "aid %o("e and #ot $a" tran"!erred in ominadorK" name $a" $%en t%eir parent" $erein need o! mone* !or reno/atin' t%eir %o("e, t%eir parent" $ere not (a#i!ied to obtain a #oanand "ine ominador $a" t%e on#* one $%o %ad a o##e'e ed(ation, t%e* ee(ted a "im(#ateddeed o! "a#e in !a/or o! ominador.

ISSUE: " t%e !i#in' o! an ation !or t%e "o#e bene!it o! t%e o-o$ner to t%e e#("ion o! ot%er o-o$ner" proper

RULING: No. n t%e in"tant a"e, it i" not di"p(ted t%at petitioner bro('%t t%e "(it !or (n#a$!(#detainer in %i" name a#one and !or %i" o$n bene!it to t%e e#("ion o! t%e %eir" o! Graiana a"%e e/en ee(ted an a!!ida/it o! "e#!- ad(diation o/er t%e di"p(ted propert*. t i" #ear t%ere!oret%at petitioner annot /a#id#* maintain t%e in"tant ation on"iderin' t%at %e doe" not reo'ni<e

t%e o-o$ner"%ip t%at nee""ari#* !#o$" !rom %i" t%eor* o! "(e""ion to t%e propert* o! %i"!at%er, ominador. n t%e "ame /ein, t%ere i" no merit in petitioner" #aim t%at %e %a" t%e #e'a#per"ona#it* to !i#e t%e pre"ent (n#a$!(# detainer "(it bea("e t%e eetment o! re"pondent"$o(#d bene!it not on#* %im b(t a#"o %i" a##e'ed o-o$ner". &o$e/er, petitioner !or'et" t%at %e!i#ed t%e in"tant a"e to a(ire po""e""ion o! t%e propert* and to reo/er dama'e". ! 'ranted,%e a#one $i## 'ain po""e""ion o! t%e #ot and bene!it !rom t%e proeed" o! t%e a$ard o! dama'e"to t%e e#("ion o! t%e %eir" o! Graiana. &ene, petitioner annot "(e""!(##* apita#i<e on t%ea##e'ed bene!it to %i" o-o$ner". nidenta##*, it "%o(#d be pointed o(t t%at in de!a(#t o! t%e "aid%eir" o! Graiana, $%om petitioner #abe#ed a" !ititio(" %eir", t%e State $i## in%erit %er "%are and$i## t%(" be petitioner" o-o$ner entit#ed to po""e""ion and eno*ment o! t%e propert*.

OESMER V. PARAISO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,G.R. N. 15793, Bebr(ar* 5, 2007

FACTS: %i" a"e ori'inated $%en ?rne"to e"mer, one o! t%e o-o$ner" o! t%e "(bet #and,met $it% t%e re"ident o! re"pondent orporation !or t%e p(rpo"e o! bro)erin' t%e "a#e o! petitioner"K propertie" to t%e #atter. (r"(ant to t%e "aid meetin', a Contrat to Se## $a" dra!ted$%ereb* petitioner" ?rne"to and ?nri(eta "(b"e(ent#* "i'ned t%e a!ore"aid Contrat to Se##.

A %e) in t%e amo(nt o! 100,000.00, pa*ab#e to ?rne"to, $a" 'i/en a" option mone*.Sometime t%erea!ter, Ri<a#ino, Leonora, @ibiano, Fr., and Librado a#"o "i'ned t%e "aid Contratto Se##. &o$e/er, t$o o! t%e brot%er", Ado#!o and Fe"(", did not "i'n t%e do(ment. Later on,petitioner" in!ormed t%e re"pondent, t%ro('% a #etter, o! t%eir intention to re"ind t%e Contrat toSe## and to ret(rn t%e amo(nt o! 100,000.00 'i/en b* re"pondent a" option mone*.Re"pondent did not re"pond to t%e a!ore"aid #etter. A!ter$ard", %erein petitioner", to'et%er $it%

Ado#!o and Fe"(", !i#ed a Comp#aint !or e#aration o! N(##it* or !or Ann(#ment o! ption A'reement or Contrat to Se## $it% ama'e" be!ore t%e RC.

ISSUE: ;i## t%e at o! a o-o$ner bind t%e ot%er o-o$ner"

RULING: Ee". %e ontrat to "e## $a" /a#id and bindin'. n ontra"t to t%e ontention o! t%e !i/eo-o$ner" $%o a!!ied t%eir "i'nat(re" in t%e ontrat to "e## t%at t%eir "i'nat(re" do not on!er





a(t%orit* to ?rne"to a" an a'ent to "e## t%eir "%are", t%e Co(rt %e#d t%at t%e* $ere "e##in' t%e"ame diret#* and in t%eir o$n ri'%t. &ene, $ritten a(t%orit* i" no #on'er nee""ar* "ine t%e*$ere "e##in' t%eir "%are" in t%eir o$n apait* a" o$ner". n addition, t%e petitioner", bein'o$ner" o! t%eir re"peti/e (ndi/ided "%are" in t%e "(bet propertie", an di"po"e o! t%eir "%are" e/en $it%o(t t%e on"ent o! a## t%e o-%eir". Arti#e 93 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at,

6?a% o-o$ner "%a## %a/e t%e !(## o$ner"%ip o! %i" part and o! t%e !r(it" and bene!it" pertainin't%ereto and %e ma* t%ere!ore a#ienate, a""i'n or mort'a'e it, and e/en "(b"tit(te anot%er per"on in it" eno*ment, eept $%en per"ona# ri'%t" are in/o#/ed. @(t t%e e!!et o! t%ea#ienation or t%e mort'a'e, $it% re"pet to t%e o-o$ner", "%a## be #imited to t%e portion $%i%ma* be a##otted to %im in t%e di/i"ion (pon t%e termination o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip.Con"e(ent#*, e/en $it%o(t t%e on"ent o! t%e t$o o-%eir", Ado#!o and Fe"(", t%e Contratto Se## $a" /a#id and bindin' $it% re"pet to t%e +>8 proportionate "%are" o! t%e petitioner".

AGUIRRE, ET AL. vs. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.G.R. No. 12229 Fan(ar* 29, 200

FACTS: Leoadio edrano and %i" !ir"t $i!e ?mi#ia o$ned a piee o! #and. A!ter t%e deat% o! ?mi#ia, Leoadio married %i" "eond $i!e i'(e#a. ;%en Leoadio died, a## %i" %eir" a'reed t%atSito edrano, a %i#d o! t%e !ir"t marria'e, "%o(#d mana'e and admini"ter t%e "aid propert*.

A!ter Sito died, %i" %eir" #earned t%at %e %ad ee(ted an A!!ida/it o! ran"!er o! Rea# ropert*in $%i% %e !a#"e#* "tated t%at %e $a" t%e on#* %eir o! Leoadio. t t(rned o(t t%at $%i#e Sito$ere "ti## a#i/e, %e "o#d a portion o! t%e "(bet #and tp ib(rio @a#itaan and anot%er portion toaria @aon', aria @aon' #ater "o#d t%e "aid portion to Ro"endo @aon'. etitioner", a##%eir" o! Leoadio $%o $ere a!!eted b* t%e "a#e demanded reon/e*ane o! t%e portion" "o#db* Sito b(t t%e 3 /endee" re!("ed. Re"(#tant#*, petitioner" !i#ed a "(it a'ain"t t%em "ee)in' t%en(##it* o! t%e do(ment" and partition t%ereo!. %e /endee" ontended t%at t%e* a(ired t%epropert* (nder t%e /a#id deed o! "a#e and petitioner"K a("e o! ation $a" barred b* #a%e" andpre"ription. ib(rio a#"o ontended t%at %e i" an innoent p(r%a"er !or /a#(e.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%ere $a" a /a#id "a#e bet$een Sito edrano and t%e t%ree p(r%a"e"on"iderin' t%e !at t%at it $a" made $it%o(t t%e on"ent o! t%e o-o$ner".

HELD: Dnder Arti#e 93 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code, a "a#e b* a o-o$ner o! t%e $%o#e propert* a"%i" $i## a!!et on#* %i" o$n "%are b(t not t%o"e o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner" $%o did not on"ent to t%e"a#e. %e pro/i"ion #ear#* pro/ide" t%at t%e "a#e or ot%er di"po"ition a!!et" on#* t%e "e##erK""%are, and t%e tran"!eree 'et" on#* $%at orre"pond" to %i" 'rantorK" "%are in t%e partition o! t%e propert* o$ned in ommon. Sine a o-o$ner i" entit#ed to "e## %i" (ndi/ided "%are, a "a#eo! t%e entire propert* b* one o-o$ner $it%o(t t%e on"ent o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner i" not n(## and/oid on#* t%e ri'%t" o! t%e o-o$ner-"e##er are tran"!erred, t%ereb* ma)in' t%e b(*er a o-o$ner o! t%e propert*. t i" #ear t%ere!ore t%at t%e deed o! "a#e ee(ted b* Sito in !a/or o! ib(rio@a#itaan i" a /a#id on/e*ane on#* in"o!ar a" t%e "%are o! Sito in t%e o-o$ner"%ip i"onerned. At" $%i% ma* be on"idered ad/er"e to "tran'er" ma* not be on"idered ad/er"ein "o !ar a" o-o$ner" are onerned. A mere "i#ent po""e""ion b* a o-o$ner, %i" reeipt" o! renta#", !r(it" or pro!it" !rom t%e propert*, t%e eretion o! b(i#din'" and !ene" and p#antin' o! tree" t%ereon, and t%e pa*ment o! #and tae", annot "er/e a" proo! o! e#("i/e o$ner"%ip, i! iti" not borne o(t b* #ear and on/inin' e/idene t%at %e eeri"ed "(% at" o! po""e""ion$%i% (ne(i/oa##* on"tit(ted an o("ter or depri/ation o! t%e ri'%t" o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner".





%(", in order t%at a o-o$nerK" po""e""ion ma* be deemed ad/er"e to t%e e"t(i (e tr("t or t%e ot%er o-o$ner", t%e !o##o$in' e#ement" m("t on(r: 41 t%at %e %a" per!ormed (ne(i/oa#at" o! rep(diation amo(ntin' to an o("ter o! t%e e"t(i (e tr("t or t%e ot%er o-o$ner" 42 t%at"(% po"iti/e at" o! rep(diation %a/e been )no$n to t%e e"t(i (e tr("t or t%e ot%er o-o$ner" and 43 t%at t%e e/idene t%ereon m("t be #ear and on/inin'.

e"ted a'ain"t t%e"e '(ide#ine", t%e re"pondent" !ai#ed to pre"ent ompetent e/idene t%at t%eat" o! Sito ad/er"e#* and #ear#* rep(diate t%e ei"tin' o-o$ner"%ip amon' t%e %eir" o! Leoadio edrano. Re"pondentK" re#iane on t%e ta de#aration in t%e name o! Sito edranoi" (n$ort%* o! redit "ine $e %a/e %e#d on "e/era# oa"ion" t%at ta de#aration" b*t%em"e#/e" do not on#("i/e#* pro/e tit#e to #and. B(rt%er, re"pondent" !ai#ed to "%o$ t%at t%e

A!!ida/it ee(ted b* Sito to t%e e!!et t%at %e i" t%e "o#e o$ner o! t%e "(bet propert* $a")no$n or made )no$n to t%e ot%er o-%eir" o! Leoadio edrano.

BALO v. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. N. 12970, September 30, 2005

FACTS: A omp#aint !or F(diia# artition o! Rea# ropertie" and Ao(ntin' $it% ama'e" $a"!i#ed b* pri/ate re"pondent Fo"e!ina Garrido a'ain"t petitioner" a##e'in' t%at "%e 4pri/atere"pondent and petitioner" are t%e o-o$ner" o! (ndi/ided pare#" o! #and #oated at a*or'a,Le*te. Aordin' to %er, t%e"e #and" $ere ori'ina##* o$ned b* t%e "po("e" ?('enio @a#o, Sr.and a. a"a'(i-@a#o, $%o, at t%e time o! t%e !i#in' o! t%e omp#aint, $ere a#read* deea"ed.%e @a#o "po("e" $ere "(r/i/ed b* t%eir t$o 42 %i#dren, D#piano, Sr. and aimino, t%e #atter #i)e$i"e deea"ed. ri/ate re"pondent i" t%e da('%ter o! aimino @a#o and Sa#/aionSab(#ao. etitioner D#piano @a#o i" t%e "on o! ?('enio @a#o, Sr., $%i#e t%e ot%er petitioner", t%e%i#dren o! D#piano, are ?('enio" 'rand%i#dren.ri/ate re"pondent !(rt%er a##e'ed in %er omp#aint t%at immediate#* (pon t%e deat% o! %er 'rand!at%er, ?('enio Sr., t%e petitioner" too) po""e""ion o! t%e "aid rea# propertie" $it%o(t %er )no$#ed'e and on"ent. %e petitioner" bein' %er (n#e and o("in", pri/ate re"pondentearne"t#* re(e"ted t%em t%at t%e* ome (p $it% a !air and e(a# partition o! t%e propertie" #e!tb* %er 'randparent". %e petitioner" %a/in' o(tri'%t#* re!("ed %er propo"a#, pri/ate re"pondent!i#ed t%e omp#aint.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not proo! o! #e'a# a)no$#ed'ment i" not a prere(i"ite be!ore an ation !or partition ma* be !i#ed.

RULING: %ere i" no ab"o#(te nee""it* re(irin' t%at t%e ation to ompe# a)no$#ed'ment"%o(#d %a/e been in"tit(ted and pro"e(ted to a "(e""!(# on#("ion prior to t%e ation in$%i% t%at "ame p#ainti!! "ee)" additiona# re#ie! in t%e %arater o! %eir. Certain#*, t%ere i" not%in'"o pe(#iar to t%e ation to ompe# a)no$#ed'ment a" to re(ire t%at a r(#e "%o(#d be %ereapp#ied di!!erent !rom t%at 'enera##* app#iab#e in ot%er a"e".

ROBLES +), 47., vs. COURT !3 APPEALS

FACTS: A pare# o! #and #oated at Ma* a'a, La'(ndi, oron', Ri<a#. @o(nded iTn t%e nort% b*





t%e propert* o! enanio Ab#a* * Simeon Ab#a* iTn t%e ea"t b* t%e propert* o! eronia (#a) *ioni"io Ab#a* iTn t%e "o(t% b* t%e propert* o! Simeon Ab#a* * ioni"io Ab#a* and iTn t%e $e"tb* t%e propert* o! ioni"io Ab#a* * Simeon Ab#a*, $it% an area o! 9,985 "(are meter", more or #e"", a""e""ed in t%e *ear 1935 at +0.00 (nder a e#aration No. 23219.

A" t%e %eir" o! Si#/ino Rob#e" $%o, #i)e$i"e in%erited t%e abo/e-de"ribed pare# !rom LeonRob#e", t%e "ib#in'" L(io, ?meteria, A#(dia and ?mi#io, a## "(rnamed Rob#e", ommened t%ein"tant "(it $it% t%e !i#in' o! t%eir ar% 1, 1988 omp#aint a'ain"t Spo("e" ir'i#io and R(t%Santo", a" $e## a" t%e R(ra# @an) o! Cardona, n. Contendin' t%at t%e* %ad been inpo""e""ion o! t%e #and "ine 192, t%e p#ainti!! a##e'ed, amon' ot%er matter", t%at it $a" on#* inSeptember o! 1987 t%at t%e* ame to )no$ o! t%e !ore#o"(re o! t%e rea# e"tate mort'a'eon"tit(ted t%ereon b* t%e %a#!-brot%er, &i#ario Rob#e", in !a/or o! de!endant R(ra# @an) andt%at t%e* #i)e$i"e #earned (pon !(rt%er in(ir*, t%at t%e #atter %ad a#read* "o#d t%e "e#!-"amepare# in !a/or o! t%e Santo" "po("e" .

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not t%e ri'%t to propert* $a" #o"t d(e to pre"ription.

RULING: U(ietin' o! it#e, Art. 7+ o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide":

;%ene/er t%ere i" #o(d on tit#e to rea# propert* or an* intere"t t%erein, b* rea"on o! an*in"tr(ment, reord, #aim, en(mbrane or proeedin' $%i% i" apparent#* /a#id or e!!eti/e b(ti" in tr(t% and in !at in/a#id, ine!!eti/e, /oidab#e or (nen!oreab#e, and ma* be pre(diia# to"aid tit#e, an ation ma* be bro('%t to remo/e "(% #o(d or to (iet tit#e.

An ation ma* a#"o be bro('%t to pre/ent a #o(d !rom bein' a"t (pon tit#e to rea# propert* or an* intere"t t%erein.

@a"ed on t%e abo/e de!inition, an ation to (iet tit#e i" a ommon-#a$ remed* !or t%e remo/a#o! an* #o(d or do(bt or (nertaint* on t%e tit#e to rea# propert*. 9 t i" e""entia# !or t%e p#ainti!! or

omp#ainant to %a/e a #e'a# or an e(itab#e tit#e to or intere"t in t%e rea# propert* $%i% i" t%e"(bet matter o! t%e ation. 10 A#"o, t%e deed, #aim, en(mbrane or proeedin' t%at i" bein'a##e'ed a" a #o(d on p#ainti!!" tit#e m("t be "%o$n to be in !at in/a#id or inoperati/e de"pite it"prima !aie appearane o! /a#idit* or #e'a# e!!ia*. 11

%at t%ere i" an in"tr(ment or a do(ment $%i%, on it" !ae, i" a /a#id and e!!iaio(" i" #ear int%e pre"ent a"e. etitioner" a##e'e t%at t%eir tit#e a" o$ner" and po""e""or" o! t%e di"p(tedpropert* i" #o(ded b* t%e ta de#aration and, "(b"e(ent#*, t%e !ree patent t%ereto 'ranted toSpo("e" er'e# and R(t% Santo". %e more important (e"tion to be re"o#/ed, %o$e/er, i"$%et%er t%e petitioner" %a/e t%e appropriate tit#e t%at $i## entit#e t%em to a/ai# t%em"e#/e" o! t%eremed* o! (ietin' o! tit#e.

n t%e pre"ent a"e, &i#ario did not %a/e po""e""ion o! t%e "(bet propert* neit%er did %ee#(de t%e petitioner" !rom t%e ("e and t%e eno*ment t%ereo!, a" t%e* %ad indi"p(tab#* "%aredin it" !r(it". 13 Li)e$i"e, %i" at o! enterin' into a mort'a'e ontrat $it% t%e ban) annot beon"tr(ed to be a rep(diation o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip. A" ab"o#(te o$ner o! %i" (ndi/ided intere"t int%e #and, %e %ad t%e ri'%t to a#ienate %i" "%are, a" %e in !at did. 1 Neit%er "%o(#d %i" pa*mento! #and tae" in %i" name, a" a'reed (pon b* t%e o-o$ner", be on"tr(ed a" a rep(diation o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip. %e a""ertion t%at t%e de#aration o! o$ner"%ip $a" tantamo(nt torep(diation $a" be#ied b* t%e ontin(ed o(pation and po""e""ion o! t%e di"p(ted propert* b*





t%e petitioner" a" o$ner".

dotrine: o be entit#ed to t%e remed* o! (ietin' o! tit#e, petitioner" m("t "%o$ t%at t%e* %a/etit#e to t%e rea# propert* at i""(e, and t%at "ome deed or proeedin' be#o(d" it" /a#idit* or e!!ia*. @(*er" o! (nre'i"tered rea# propert*, e"peia##* ban)", m("t eert d(e di#i'ene in

a"ertainin' t%e tit#e" o! mort'a'or" and "e##er", #e"t "ome innoent partie" be pre(died.Bai#(re to ob"er/e "(% di#i'ene ma* amo(nt to bad !ait% and ma* re"(#t in t%e n(##it* o! t%emort'a'e, a" $e## a" o! t%e "(b"e(ent !ore#o"(re and>or a(tion "a#e. Dn#e"" t%e o-o$ner"%ip i" #ear#* rep(diated, a o-o$ner annot, b* pre"ription, a(ire tit#e to t%e "%are o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner".

BALOLOY vs. HULARG.R. No. 1577+7, September 9, 200

FACTS: Spo("e" Lino and itoriana ?"topin $ere t%e ori'ina# o$ner" o! a pare# o! #and#oated in @aran'a* @iriran, F(ban, Sor"o'on 4 Lot No. 337 o! t%e F(ban Cada"tre. A maor portion o! t%e propert* $a" a'ri(#t(ra#, $%i#e t%e re"t $a" re"identia#. No/ember 11 and 25,19+1: ;%en Lino ?"topin died inte"tate, %i" $ido$, itoriana La'ata, ee(ted a eed o!

Ab"o#(te Sa#e o/er t%e a'ri(#t(ra# portion o! Lot No. 337, 415,90+ "m and t%e re"identia#portion o! t%e propert* 4287 "m to A"tro#o'o &(#ar. n 19+1, #(minado a")ed &(#arK"permi""ion to on"tr(t a %o("e on a portion o! Lot No. 337 near t%e road, and t%e #atter a'reed. #(minado @a#o#o* in 195 a(ired a oon(t #and, nort% o! t%e re"identia# portion o! Lot 337 Lot No. 3353 49302 "m, and re'i"tered t%e "ame. #(minado on"tr(ted %i" %o("eon a portion o! Lot No. 3353. &e and %i" !ami#*, in#(din' %i" %i#dren, !ort%$it% re"ided in "aid%o("e. n 1979, re"pondent &(#ar %ad %i" %o("e on"tr(ted near t%e trai# 4road on Lot No.

337, $%i%, %o$e/er, o(pied a bi' portion o! Lot No. 3353.#(minado died inte"tate. &i" $ido$ and t%eir %i#dren ontin(ed re"idin' in t%e propert*, $%i#epetitioner Re*na#do @a#o#o*, one o! #(minadoK" %i#dren, #ater on"tr(ted %i" %o("e near t%at o! %i" deea"ed !at%erK". ;%en A"tro#o'o died, %e $a" "(r/i/ed b* %i" %i#dren, Fo"e, Romeo,

Ana#eto, ?#ena, Leo, ere"ita, and t%e re"pondent, amon' ot%er", $%o ontin(ed to re"ide int%eir %o("e. Sometime in #991 t%e re"pondent %ad Lot No. 3353 "(r/e*ed and di"o/ered t%att%e re"identia# area "o#d b* La'ata to A"tro#o'o &(#ar %ad an area o! 1,05 "(are meter",in"tead o! 287 "(are meter" on#*. Re"pondent A#!redo &(#ar !i#ed a omp#aint !or (ietin' o! tit#e o! rea# propert* a'ain"t t%e %i#dren and %eir" o! #(minado @a#o#o*, name#*, Anaorita,

Antonio, and petitioner" Re*na#do and Ade#ina, a## "(rnamed @a#o#o*. &e pra*ed amon' ot%er"t%at %e be de#ared t%e ab"o#(te o$ner o! t%e propert* in (e"tion.

ISSUE: ;ere a## t%e indi"pen"ab#e partie" imp#eaded b* t%e re"pondent in t%e tria# o(rt

RULING: N, t%e* $ere not. ;e note t%at t%e ation o! t%e re"pondent in t%e tria# o(rt i" !or:4a rein/idiatoria, to de#are t%e re"pondent t%e ab"o#(te o$ner o! t%e "(bet propert* and it"reon/e*ane to %im a" a on"e(ene o! t%e n(##i!iation o! Bree atent and C 4bp(b#iiana, to order t%e petitioner" and t%e ot%er %eir" o! #(minado @a#o#o* to /aate t%epropert* and de#i/er po""e""ion t%ereo! to %im and 4 dama'e" and attorne*K" !ee".t i" t%e ontention o! t%e re"pondent t%at t%e "(bet propert* $a" "o#d b* La'ata to %i" !at%er,

A"tro#o'o &(#ar, in 19+1. &e add(ed e/idene t%at $%en %i" parent" died inte"tate, t%e* $ere





"(r/i/ed b* t%eir %i#dren, t%e re"pondent and %i" "ib#in'" ?#ena, Fo"e, Romeo, Ana#eto, Leo,and ere"ita. Arti#e 1078 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at $%ere t%ere are t$o or more %eir", t%e$%o#e e"tate o! t%e deedent i", be!ore partition, o$ned in ommon b* "(% %eir", "(bet to t%epa*ment o! t%e debt" o! t%e deea"ed. Dnti# a di/i"ion i" made, t%e re"peti/e "%are o! ea%annot be determined and e/er* o-o$ner eeri"e", to'et%er $it% %i" o-partiipant", oint

o$ner"%ip o/er t%e pro indi/i"o propert*, in addition to t%e ("e and eno*ment o! t%e "ame.Dnder Arti#e 87 o! t%e Ne$ Ci/i# Code, an* o! t%e o-o$ner" ma* brin' an ation in eetment.%i" arti#e o/er" a## )ind" o! ation" !or t%e reo/er* o! po""e""ion, in#(din' an aionp(b#iiana and a rein/idiator* ation. A o-o$ner ma* brin' "(% an ation $it%o(t t%enee""it* o! oinin' a## t%e ot%er o-o$ner" a" o-p#ainti!!" bea("e t%e "(it i" deemed to bein"tit(ted !or t%e bene!it o! a##.27 An* (d'ment o! t%e o(rt in !a/or o! t%e o-o$ner $i## bene!itt%e ot%er" b(t i! "(% (d'ment i" ad/er"e, t%e "ame annot pre(die t%e ri'%t" o! t%e(nimp#eaded o-o$ner". ! t%e ation i" !or t%e bene!it o! t%e p#ainti!! a#one $%o #aim" to be t%e"o#e o$ner and entit#ed to t%e po""e""ion t%ereo!, t%e ation $i## not pro"per (n#e"" %e imp#ead"t%e ot%er o-o$ner" $%o are indi"pen"ab#e partie".n t%i" a"e, t%e re"pondent a#one !i#ed t%e omp#aint, #aimin' "o#e o$ner"%ip o/er t%e "(betpropert* and pra*in' t%at %e be de#ared t%e "o#e o$ner t%ereo!. %ere i" no proo! t%at t%e ot%er

o-o$ner" %ad $ai/ed t%eir ri'%t" o/er t%e "(bet propert* or on/e*ed t%e "ame to t%ere"pondent or "(% o-o$ner" $ere a$are o! t%e a"e in t%e tria# o(rt. %e tria# o(rt rendered (d'ment de#arin' t%e re"pondent a" t%e "o#e o$ner o! t%e propert* and entit#ed to it"po""e""ion, to t%e pre(die o! t%e #atterK" "ib#in'". atent#* t%en, t%e dei"ion o! t%e tria# o(rt i"erroneo(".Dnder Setion 7, R(#e 3 o! t%e R(#e" o! Co(rt, t%e re"pondent $a" mandated to imp#ead %i""ib#in'", bein' o-o$ner" o! t%e propert*, a" partie". %e re"pondent !ai#ed to omp#* $it% t%er(#e. t m("t, #i)e$i"e, be "tre""ed t%at t%e Rep(b#i o! t%e %i#ippine" i" a#"o an indi"pen"ab#epart* a" de!endant bea("e t%e re"pondent "o('%t t%e n(##i!iation o! C $%i% $a" i""(edba"ed on Bree atent. Dn#e"" t%e State i" imp#eaded a" part*-de!endant, an* dei"ion o! t%eCo(rt $o(#d not be bindin' on it. t %a" been %e#d t%at t%e ab"ene o! an indi"pen"ab#e part* ina a"e render" ine!!eti/e a## t%e proeedin'" "(b"e(ent to t%e !i#in' o! t%e omp#aint in#(din't%e (d'ment. %e ab"ene o! t%e re"pondentK" "ib#in'", a" partie", rendered a## proeedin'""(b"e(ent to t%e !i#in' t%ereo!, in#(din' t%e (d'ment o! t%e o(rt, ine!!eti/e !or $ant o! a(t%orit* to at, not on#* a" to t%e ab"ent partie" b(t e/en a" to t%o"e pre"ent.N LG& B ALL &? BR?GNG, t%e petition i" GRAN?. %e dei"ion" o! t%e Re'iona#ria# Co(rt and t%e Co(rt o! Appea#" are R??RS? and S? AS?. %e omp#aint o! t%ere"pondent i" SSS?.

CRU vs. DEBARTOLOMEG.R. No. +5+. No/ember 18, 1912

FACTS: Spo("e" i'(e# rti< and Ca#ita Be#in died in i'an, #oo" S(r, in 1875 and 1882,re"peti/e#*. rior to %er deat%, Ca#ita, ee(ted, on A('("t 17, 187+, a n(n(pati/e $i## ini'an, $%ereb* "%e made %er !o(r %i#dren, named an(e#, Brani"a, ienta, and ati#de,"(rnamed rti< * Be#in, %er "o#e and (ni/er"a# %eir" o! a## %er propert*. an(e# and Brani"a$ere a#read* deea"ed, #ea/in' ienta and ati#da a" %eir". n 1888, t%e de!endant" 4ati#deand Ga"par, $it%o(t (diia# a(t%ori<ation, nor !riend#* or etra(diia# a'reement, too) (pont%em"e#/e" t%e admini"tration and eno*ment o! t%e propertie" #e!t b* Ca#ita and o##eted t%erent", !r(it", and prod(t" t%ereo!, to t%e "erio(" detriment o! ientaK" intere"t.e"pite repeated demand" to di/ide t%e propertie" and t%e !r(it" ar(in' t%ere!rom, Sp"





Ga"par and ati#de %ad been de#a*in' t%e partition and de#i/er* o! t%e "aid propertie" b*mean" o! (n)ept promi"e" and ot%er e("e". ienta !i#ed a petition !or partition $it% dama'e"in t%e RC.%e RC ab"o#/ed ati#de !rom pa*ment o! dama'e". t %e#d t%at t%e re/en(e" and t%eepen"e" $ere ompen"ated b* t%e re"idene eno*ed b* t%e de!endant part*, t%at no #o""e" or

dama'e" $ere eit%er a("ed or "(!!ered, nor #i)e$i"e an* ot%er epen"e be"ide" t%o"ea!orementioned, Co(n"e# !or ienta too) an eeption to t%e (d'ment and mo/ed !or a ne$tria# on t%e 'ro(nd" t%at t%e e/idene pre"ented did not $arrant t%e (d'ment rendered and t%att%e #atter $a" ontrar* to #a$. %at motion $a" denied b* t%e #o$er o(rt. %(", t%i" petition.

ISSUE: " a o-o$ner ob#i'ed to pa* !or rent in ("in' t%e o-o$ned propert*

RULING: N. Arti#e 39 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pre"ribe":I?a% o-o$ner ma* ("e t%e t%in'"o$ned in ommon, pro/ided %e ("e" t%em in aordane $it% t%eir obet and in "(% manner a" not to in(re t%e intere"t" o! t%e omm(nit* nor pre/ent t%e o-o$ner" !rom (ti#i<in' t%emaordin' to t%eir ri'%t".Iati#de rti< and %er %("band o(pied t%e (pper "tor*, de"i'ned !or ("e a" a d$e##in', in t%e

%o("e o! oint o$ner"%ip b(t t%e reord "%o$" no proo! t%at, b* "o doin', t%e "aid ati#deoa"ioned an* detriment to t%e intere"t" o! t%e omm(nit* propert*, nor t%at "%e pre/ented %er "i"ter ienta !rom (ti#i<in' t%e "aid (pper "tor* aordin' to %er ri'%t". t i" to be noted t%at t%e"tore" o! t%e #o$er !#oor $ere rented and an ao(ntin' o! t%e rent" $a" d(#* made to t%ep#ainti!!". ?a% o-o$ner o! rea#t* %e#d pro indi/i"o eeri"e" %i" ri'%t" o/er t%e $%o#e propert*and ma* ("e and eno* t%e "ame $it% no ot%er #imitation t%an t%at %e "%a## not in(re t%eintere"t" o! %i" o-o$ner", !or t%e rea"on t%at, (nti# a di/i"ion be made, t%e re"peti/e part o! ea% %o#der annot be determined and e/er* one o! t%e o-o$ner" eeri"e" to'et%er $it% %i"ot%er o-o$ner", oint o$ner"%ip o/er t%e pro indi/i"o propert*, in addition to %i" ("e andeno*ment o! t%e "ame.

A" t%e %ereditar* propertie" o! t%e oint o$ner"%ip o! t%e t$o "i"ter", ientarti<,p#ainti!!, and ati#de rti<, de!endant, $ere "it(ated in t%e ro/ine o! #oo" S(r, and $erein t%e are o! t%e #a"t named, a""i"ted b* %er %("band, $%i#e t%e p#ainti!! ienta $it% %er %("band $a" re"idin' o(t"ide o! t%e "aid pro/ine t%e 'reater part o! t%e time bet$een 1885and 1905, $%en "%e #e!t t%e"e "#and" !or Spain, it i" not at a## "tran'e t%at de#a*" and di!!i(#tie""%o(#d %a/e attended t%e e!!ort" made to o##et t%e rent" and proeed" !rom t%e propert* %e#dinommon and to obtain a partition o! t%e #atter, e"peia##* d(rin' "e/era# *ear" $%en, o$in' tot%e in"(rretion, t%e o(ntr* $a" in a t(rmoi# and !or t%i" rea"on, a"ide !rom t%at !o(nded on t%eri'%t o! o-o$ner"%ip o! t%e de!endant", $%o too) (pon t%em"e#/e" t%e admini"tration and areo! t%e propert* o! oint tenan* !or p(rpo"e" o! t%eir pre"er/ation and impro/ement, t%e"e #atter are not ob#i'ed to pa* to t%e p#ainti!! ienta one-%a#! o! t%e rent" $%i% mi'%t %a/e beenderi/ed !rom t%e (pper "tor* o! t%e "aid %o("e on Ca##e ?"o#ta, and, m(% #e"", bea("e oneo! t%e #i/in' room" and t%e "toreroom t%ereo! $ere ("ed !or t%e "tora'e o! "ome be#on'in'" ande!!et" o! ommon o$ner"%ip bet$een t%e #iti'ant". %e de!endant ati#de, t%ere!ore, in o(p*in' $it% %er %("band t%e (pper !#oor o! t%e "aid%o("e, did not in(re t%e intere"t" o! %er o-o$ner, %er "i"ter ienta, nor did "%e pre/ent t%e#atter !rom #i/in' t%erein, b(t mere#* eeri"ed a #e'itimate ri'%t pertainin' to %er a" a o-o$ner o! t%e propert*.

EXTINGUISHMENT OF COOWNERSHIP





LU CARO, vs. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. L-+001 ar% 25, 1982

FACTS: A#!redo @enito, ario @enito and @enamin @enito $ere t%e ori'ina# o-o$ner" o! t$o

pare#" o! #and in Sor"o'on. ;%en ario died, %i" "(r/i/in' $i!e @a"i#ia and %i" !at%er Sar(rnino$ere "(b"e(ent#* appointed a" oint admini"trator" o! ario" e"tate. @enamin @enito t%enee(ted a deed o! ab"o#(te "a#e o! %i" one-t%ird (ndi/ided portion o/er "aid pare#" o! #and in!a/or o! %erein petitioner, L(< Caro. ;%en @a"i#ia #earned o! t%e "a#e, "%e "ent to petitioner t%r(%er o(n"e#, a $ritten o!!er to redeem t%e "aid one-t%ird (ndi/ided "%are. A" !or t%e ot%er o-o$ner", t%e* did not eeri"e t%eir ri'%t o! #e'a# redemption.

ISSUE: Can @a"i#ia, a" admini"tatri o! a deea"ed o-o$ner, eeri"e %er ri'%t o! #e'a#redemption

RULING: N. %e !at i" t%at a" ear#* a" 19+0, o-o$ner"%ip o! t%e "(bet pare#" o! #and $a"terminated $%en A#!redo @enito, L(< Caro and t%e nte"tate ?"tate o! ario @enito, repre"ented

b* admini"trator" Sat(rnino @enito, a" tr("tee and repre"entati/e o! t%e %eir" o! ario @enito,a'reed to "(bdi/ide t%e propert*.

An a'reement o! partition, t%o('% ora#, i" /a#id and on"e(ent#* bindin' (pon t%e partie".4&ernande< /". Anda#, et a#., 78 %i#. 19+

A petition !or "(bdi/i"ion $a" t%en !i#ed !or t%e p(rpo"e. A "(bdi/i"ion p#an $a" made and b*ommon a'reement Lot -C t%ereo!, $it% an area o! 1+3 %etare", more or #e"", $a" eded topetitioner. %erea!ter, t%e o-o$ner" too) at(a# and e#("i/e po""e""ion o! t%e "pei!iportion" re"peti/e#* a""i'ned to t%em. A "(bdi/i"ion tit#e $a" "(b"e(ent#* i""(ed on t%e #ota""i'ned to petitioner.

?/en on t%e a""(mption t%at t%ere "ti## i" o-o$ner"%ip %ere and t%at t%ere!ore, t%e ri'%t o! #e'a#redemption ei"t", pri/ate re"pondent a" admini"tratri, %a" no per"ona#it* to eeri"e "aid ri'%t!or and in be%a#! o! t%e inte"tate e"tate o! ario @enito. S%e i" on t%e "ame !ootin' a" o-admini"trator Sat(rnino @enito. &ene, i! Sat(rnino" on"ent to t%e "a#e o! t%e one-t%ird portionto petitioner annot bind t%e inte"tate e"tate o! ario @enito on t%e 'ro(nd t%at t%e ri'%t o! redemption $a" not $it%in t%e po$er" o! admini"tration, in t%e "ame manner, pri/ate re"pondenta" o-admini"trator %a" no po$er eeri"e t%e ri'%t o! redemption = t%e /er* po$er $%i% t%eCo(rt o! Appea#" r(#ed to be not $it%in t%e po$er" o! admini"tration.

BAILON"CASILAO vs. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. 78178 Apri# 15, 1988

FACTS: %e pare# o! #and in/o#/ed in t%i" a"e i" o/ered b* ri'ina# Certi!iate o! it#e No.1771 i""(ed in t%e name" o! Ro"a#ia, Ga(denio, Sabina @ernabe, Nenita and e#ia, a##"(rnamed @ai#on, a" o-o$ner", ea% $it% a 1>+ "%are. n 198, Ro"a#ia @ai#on and Ga(denio





@ai#on "o#d a portion o! t%e "aid #and on"i"tin' o! 1+,283 "(are meter" to onato e#'ado.%i" #ot $a" t%en a(ired b* one Lan(<a. Con"e(ent#*, Fo%n Lan(<a, atin' (nder a "peia#po$er o! attorne* 'i/en b* %i" $i!e, "o#d t%e t$o pare#" o! #and to Ce#e"tino A!ab#e, Sr.

etitioner" %erein !i#ed a a"e !or reo/er* o! propert* and dama'e" $it% notie o! #i" penden"

a'ain"t de!endant and A!ab#e. A!ab#e #aimed t%at %e %ad a(ired t%e #and in (e"tion t%ro('%pre"ription and ontended t%at t%e petitioner" $ere '(i#t* o! #a%e".

ISSUE: Are petitioner" a#read* barred b* #a%e"

RULING: La%e" %a" been de!ined a" t%e !ai#(re or ne'#et, !or an (nrea"onab#e #en't% o! timeto do t%at $%i% b* eeri"in' d(e di#i'ene o(#d or "%o(#d %a/e been done ear#ier it i"ne'#i'ene or omi""ion to a""ert a ri'%t $it%in a rea"onab#e time $arrantin' a pre"(mption t%att%e part* entit#ed to a""ert it eit%er %a" abandoned it or de#ined to a""ert it. t m("t be notedt%at $%i#e t%ere $a" de#a* in a""ertin' petitioner" ri'%t", "(% de#a* $a" not attended $it% an*)no$#ed'e o! t%e "a#e nor $it% an* opport(nit* to brin' "(it. n t%e !ir"t p#ae, petitioner" %ad nonotie o! t%e "a#e made b* t%eir e#de"t "i"ter. n t%e "eond p#ae, t%e* $ere not a!!orded an

opport(nit* to brin' "(it ina"m(% a" (nti# 1981, t%e* $ere )ept in t%e dar) abo(t t%etran"ation" entered into b* t%eir "i"ter. %e t%ird e#ement o! #a%e" i" #i)e$i"e ab"ent. %ere$a" no #a) o! )no$#ed'e or notie on t%e part o! t%e de!endant t%at t%e omp#ainant" $o(#da""ert t%e ri'%t on $%i% t%e* ba"e t%e "(it. n t%e ontrar*, pri/ate re"pondent i" '(i#t* o! bad!ait% in p(r%a"in' t%e propert* a" %e )ne$ t%at t%e propert* $a" o-o$ned b* "i per"on" and*et, t%ere $ere on#* t$o "i'natorie" to t%e deed" o! "a#e and no "peia# a(t%ori<ation to "e#! $a"'ranted to t%e t$o "e##er" b* t%e ot%er o-o$ner".

DELIMA /". COURT OF APPEALS

FACTS: Lino e#ima, o$ner o! Lot No. 7758, died #ea/in' a" %i" on#* %eir" t%ree brot%er" and a"i"ter name#*: ?(#a#io e#ima, F(anita e#ima, Ga#i#eo e#ima and iente e#ima. A!ter %i"deat%, C No. 27 o! t%e propert* in (e"tion $a" i""(ed in t%e name o! t%e Le'a# &eir" o! Lino e#ima, deea"ed, repre"ented b* Ga#i#eo e#ima. Ga#i#eo e#ima t%en ee(ted ana!!ida/it o! I?tra-(diia# e#aration o! &eir"I ba"ed on $%i% C No. 27 $a" ane##edand C No. 3009 $a" i""(ed in %i" name a#one to t%e e#("ion o! t%e ot%er %eir", de#arin't%e #ot in %i" name !or taation p(rpo"e" and pa*in' t%e tae" t%ereon. etitioner", $%o are t%e"(r/i/in' %eir" o! ?(#a#io and F(anita e#ima, !i#ed an ation !or reon/e*ane and>or partition o! propert* and !or t%e ann(#ment o! C No. 3009. Re"pondent appe##ate o(rt (p%e#d t%e #aim

o! Ga#i#eo e#ima t%at a## t%e ot%er brot%er" and "i"ter o! Lino e#ima, name#* ?(#a#io, F(anitaand iente, %ad a#read* re#in(i"%ed and $ai/ed t%eir ri'%t" to t%e propert* in %i" !a/or.

ISSUE: ;%et%er or not petitioner" ation !or partition i" a#read* barred b* t%e "tat(tor* periodpro/ided b* #a$

RULING: Y+s. A" a r(#e, no pre"ription "%a## r(n in !a/or o! a o-o$ner a'ain"t %i" o-o$ner"or o-%eir" "o #on' a" %e epre""#* or imp#ied#* reo'ni<e" t%e o-o$ner"%ip. &o$e/er, !rom t%e





moment one o! t%e o-o$ner" #aim" t%at %e i" t%e ab"o#(te and e#("i/e o$ner o! t%epropertie" and denie" t%e ot%er" an* "%are t%erein, t%e (e"tion in/o#/ed i" no #on'er one o! partition b(t o! o$ner"%ip. n "(% a"e, t%e impre"riptibi#it* o! t%e ation !or partition an no#on'er be in/o)ed or app#ied $%en one o! t%e o-o$ner" %a" ad/er"e#* po""e""ed t%e propert*a" e#("i/e o$ner !or a period "(!!iient to /e"t o$ner"%ip b* pre"ription. t i" "ett#ed t%at

po""e""ion b* a o-o$ner or o-%eir i" t%at o! a tr("tee. n order t%at "(% po""e""ion i"on"idered ad/er"e to t%e cestui %ue trust amo(ntin' to a rep(diation o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip, t%e!o##o$in' e#ement" m("t on(r: 1 t%at t%e tr("tee %a" per!ormed (ne(i/oa# at" amo(ntin'to an o("ter o! t%e cestui %ue trust 2 t%at "(% po"iti/e at" o! rep(diation %ad been made)no$n to t%e e"t(i (e tr("t and 3 t%at t%e e/idene t%ereon "%o(#d be #ear and on#("i/e.

?/idene "%o$" t%at C No. 27 in t%e name o! t%e #e'a# %eir" o! Lino e#ima, repre"entedb* Ga#i#eo e#ima, $a" ane##ed b* /irt(e o! an a!!ida/it ee(ted b* Ga#i#eo e#ima and t%aton Bebr(ar* , 195, Ga#i#eo e#ima obtained t%e i""(ane o! a ne$ tit#e in %i" name n(mberedC No. 3009 to t%e e#("ion o! %i" o-%eir". %e i""(ane o! t%i" ne$ tit#e on"tit(ted an openand #ear rep(diation o! t%e tr("t or o-o$ner"%ip, and t%e #ap"e o! ten 410 *ear" o! ad/er"epo""e""ion b* Ga#i#eo e#ima !rom Bebr(ar* , 195 $a" "(!!iient to /e"t tit#e in %im b*

pre"ription. A" t%e erti!iate o! tit#e $a" notie to t%e $%o#e $or#d o! %i" e#("i/e tit#e to t%e#and, "(% reetion $a" bindin' on t%e ot%er %eir" and "tarted a" a'ain"t t%em t%e period o! pre"ription. &ene, $%en petitioner" !i#ed t%eir ation !or reon/e*ane and>or to ompe#partition on Bebr(ar* 29, 19+8, "(% ation $a" a#read* barred b* pre"ription. ;%ate/er #aim"t%e ot%er o-%eir" o(#d %a/e /a#id#* a""erted be!ore an no #on'er be in/o)ed b* t%em at t%i"time.

CONCEPCION RO>UE /". INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT

FACTS: ?me"to and itor Ro(e, inte"tate %eir" o! Fan(ario A/endao, p(rported#* "o#dt%ree-!o(rt%" 43> (ndi/ided portion o! Lot No. 159 to t%eir %a#!-"i"ter, petitioner ConepionRo(e, t%e propert* remainin' re'i"tered in t%e name o! t%e deedent, Fan(ario A/endao. LotNo. 159 $a" "(r/e*ed and on"e(ent t%ereto, a S(bdi/i"ion #an $a" dra$n (p, $it% t%eetitioner #aimin' t%at preparation o! t%e S(bdi/i"ion #an $a" a pre#iminar* "tep #eadin'e/ent(a##* to partition o! Lot No. 159. Re"pondent" ?rne"to Ro(e and t%e #e'a# %eir" o! itor Ro(e, %o$e/er, re!("ed to a)no$#ed'e petitioner" #aim o! o$ner"%ip o! an* portion o! LotNo. 159 and reeted t%e p#an to di/ide t%e #and. %e ntermediate Appe##ate Co(rt "tated in it"dei"ion t%at an ation !or partition $i## not pro"per a" "(% !rom t%e moment an a##e'ed o-

o$ner a""ert" an ad/er"e tit#e, and t%at t%e ation t%at ma* be bro('%t b* an a''rie/ed o-o$ner i" aion rei/indiatoria or ation !or reo/er* o! tit#e and po""e""ion.

ISSUE: ;%et%er an ation o! partition $i## not #ie !rom t%e moment a o-o$ner a##e'e" ab"o#(teand e#("i/e o$ner"%ip o! t%e $%o#e propert*

RULING: N!. An ation !or partition-$%i% i" t*pia##* bro('%t b* a per"on #aimin' to be o-o$ner o! a "pei!ied propert* a'ain"t a de!endant or de!endant" $%om t%e p#ainti!! reo'ni<e"to be o-o$ner" = ma* be "een to pre"ent "im(#taneo("#* t$o prinipa# i""(e". Bir"t, t%ere i"





t%e i""(e o! $%et%er t%e p#ainti!! i" indeed a o-o$ner o! t%e propert* "o('%t to be partitioned.Seond, a""(min' t%at t%e p#ainti!! "(e""!(##* %(rd#e" t%e !ir"t i""(e, t%ere i" t%e "eondar*i""(e o! %o$ t%e propert* i" to be di/ided bet$een p#ainti!! and de!endant4". B(ntiona##*, anation !or partition ma* be "een to be at one an ation !or de#aration o! o-o$ner"%ip and !or "e're'ation and on/e*ane o! a determinate portion o! t%e propert* in/o#/ed.

No matter %o$ #on' t%e o-o$ner"%ip %a" #a"ted, a o-o$ner an a#$a*" opt o(t o! t%e o-o$ner"%ip, and pro/ided t%e de!endant o-o$ner" or o-%eir" %a/e t%ereto!ore epre""#* or imp#ied#* reo'ni<ed t%e o-o$ner"%ip, t%e* annot "et (p a" a de!en"e t%e pre"ription o! t%eation !or partition. @(t i! t%e de!endant" "%o$ t%at t%e* %ad pre/io("#* a""erted tit#e int%em"e#/e" ad/er"e#* to t%e p#ainti!! and !or t%e re(i"ite period o! time, t%e p#ainti!!" ri'%t tore(ire reo'nition o! %i" "tat(" a" a o-o$ner $i## %a/e been #o"t b* pre"ription and t%e o(rtannot i""(e an order re(irin' partition.

AGUILAR v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 7+351, 29 tober 1993

FACTS: ir'i#io and Senen are brot%er" n 28 tober 19+9, t%e t$o brot%er" p(r%a"ed a%o("e and #ot in araa(e $%ere t%eir !at%er o(#d "pend and eno* %i" remainin' *ear" in apeae!(# nei'%bor%ood. @* /irt(e o! a $ritten memorand(m, ir'i#io and Senen a'reed t%at%ene!ort% t%eir intere"t" in t%e %o("e and #ot "%o(#d be e(a#, $it% Senen a""(min' t%eremainin' mort'a'e ob#i'ation o! t%e ori'ina# o$ner" $it% t%e Soia# Se(rit* S*"tem 4SSS ine%an'e !or %i" po""e""ion and eno*ment o! t%e %o("e to'et%er $it% t%eir !at%er.

Sine ir'i#io $a" t%en di"(a#i!ied !rom obtainin' a #oan !rom SSS, t%e brot%er" a'reed t%at t%edeed o! "a#e $o(#d be ee(ted and t%e tit#e re'i"tered in t%e meantime in t%e name o! Senen. t

$a" !(rt%er a'reed t%at Senen $o(#d ta)e are o! t%eir !at%er and %i" need" "ine ir'i#io and%i" !ami#* $ere "ta*in' in Ceb(. A!ter aimiano A'(i#ar died in 197, ir'i#io demanded !romSenen t%at t%e #atter /aate t%e %o("e and t%at t%e propert* be "o#d and proeed" t%ereo! di/ided amon' t%em. Senen re!("ed, promptin' ir'i#io to !i#e an ation to ompe# t%e "a#e o! t%e%o("e and #ot "o t%at t%e t%e* o(#d di/ide t%e proeed" bet$een t%em.

ISSUES: a* a o-o$ner demand t%e "a#e o! a %o("e and #ot %e#d in ommon $it% ot%er o-o$ner"

RULING: 1. YES. Arti#e 9 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at no o-o$ner "%a## be ob#i'ed toremain in t%e o-o$ner"%ip, and t%at ea% o-o$ner ma* demand at an* time partition o! t%et%in' o$ned in ommon in"o!ar a" %i" "%are i" onerned. Coro##ar* to t%i" r(#e, Art. 98 o! t%eCode "tate" t%at $%ene/er t%e t%in' i" e""entia##*, indi/i"ib#e and t%e o-o$ner" annot a'reet%at it be, a##otted to one o! t%em $%o "%a## indemni!* t%e ot%er", it "%a## be "o#d and it" proeed"aordin'#* di"trib(ted. %i" i" re"orted to - a. $%en t%e ri'%t to partition t%e propert* i" in/o)edb* an* o! t%e o-o$ner" b(t bea("e o! t%e nat(re o! t%e propert* it annot be "(bdi/ided or it""(bdi/i"ion $o(#d pre(die t%e intere"t" o! t%e o-o$ner", and

b. t%e o-o$ner" are not in a'reement a" to $%o amon' t%em "%a## be a##otted or a""i'ned t%eentire propert* (pon proper reimb(r"ement o! t%e o-o$ner".





TOMAS CLAUDIO MEMORIAL COLLEGE v. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. 122+2, 12 tober 1999

FACTS: ri/ate re"pondent" e Ca"tro" !i#ed an ation !or artition be!ore t%e RC a##e'in't%at t%eir predee""or-in-intere"t, F(an, died inte"tate in 1993 and t%e* are %i" on#* "(r/i/in'#e'itimate %eir". %e* a#"o a##e'ed t%at t%eir !at%er o$ned a pare# o! #and de"i'nated a" Lot No.3010 in oron', Ri<a#. %e* !(rt%er #aimed t%at $it%o(t t%eir )no$#ed'e and on"ent, "aid #ot$a" "o#d b* t%eir brot%er ariano to petitioner oma" C#a(dio emoria# Co##e'e 4CC $%ent%e !ormer repre"ented %im"e#! to be t%e "o#e %eir. %e e Ca"tro" ontend t%at t%e "a#e "%o(#don#* a!!et arianoK" (ndi/ided "%are b(t not t%e "%are" o! t%e ot%er o-o$ner". CC !i#ed amotion to di"mi"" ontendin' #a) o! (ri"dition and pre"ription and>or #a%e".

ISSUE: Are petitioner" e Ca"tro"K ri'%t to partition barred b* pre"ription

RULING:NO. Arti#e 93 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at t%e "a#e or ot%er di"po"ition a!!et" on#*t%e "e##erK" "%are pro indiviso, and t%e tran"!eree 'et" on#* $%at orre"pondent" to %i" 'rantorK""%are in t%e partition o$ned in ommon. Sine a o-o$ner i" entit#ed to "e## %i" (ndi/ided "%are,a "a#e o! t%e entire propert* b* one o-o$ner $it%o(t t%e on"ent o! t%e ot%er o- o$ner" i" notn(## and /oid. &o$e/er, on#* t%e ri'%t" o! t%e o-o$ner>"e##er are tran"!erred, ma)in' t%e b(*er a o-o$ner. %e proper ation in a a"e #i)e t%i" i" t%e di/i"ion or partition o! t%e entire propert*t%at ontin(ed to remain in t%e po""e""ion o! t%e o-o$ner".

;it% re"pet to partition, Arti#e 9 o! t%e Ci/i# Code pro/ide" t%at 6no o- o$ner "%a## beob#i'ed to remain in t%e o-o$ner"%ip. S(% o-o$ner ma* demand at an* time t%e partition o! t%e t%in' o$ned in ommon, in"o!ar a" %i" "%are i" onerned. . No pre"ription "%a## #ie in!a/or o! a o-o$ner or o- %eir" a" #on' a" %e epre""#* or imp#ied#* reo'ni<e" t%at o-o$ner"%ip.

Documents

4B Cases Digests (Property 414-501)