EVALUATION OF MANUFACTURED SAND FROM FRANK W. ~IHITCOMB CONSTRUCTION COR P.

FOR USE IN BITUM INOUS CONCRETE

Report 83-4 March 1983

REPORTING ON WORK PLAN 83-B-14

STATE OF VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION

MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

PATRICK J. GARAHAN, P.E ., SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION S. J. GAGE, P.E., DIRECTOR OF ENG INEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

R. F. NICHOLSON, P.E., MATERIALS AND RESEARCH ENGINEER

Prepared By: Earle L. Chaffee, Jr.

Transportation Technician C Bituminous Concrete Subdivi sion

Reviewed By :

~4afl~ R. F. N1C01son,P:E::MateraS& Research Eng.

oate :_-+n~-=7~----=::lo~~~-L-!_9r.,_.:::...~_..lo3""-----

"The information contained in this report was compiled

for the use of the Vermont Agency of Transportation.

Conclusions and recommendations contained herein are

based upon the research data obtained and the expertise

of the researchers, and are not necessarily to be con­

strued as Agency policy. This report does not constitute

a standard, specification , or regulation. The Vermont

Agency of Transportation assumes no liability for its

contents or the use thereof."

II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract

Introduction

Procedures .

Results.

Marshall Test Property Curves

Evaluation of Results

Conclusions.

Work Plan

III

1

2

3

. 4

6

7

. 8

9

ABSTRACT

Manufactured sand submitted by Frank W. Whitcomb Construction

Corporation was tested for compliance with Section 700 Aggregates,

Subsection 704.13 Fine Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete.

A modified Marshall test was run using 100% of the manufactured

sand as the fine aggregate portion of the mix .

Results of this eva l uation i ndicate that the product meets al l

requirements of subsection 704.13 .

Results of the modified Marshall Series indicate that bituminous

mixture meeting Agency mix criteria can be produced using 100%

of this ma nufactured sand as the fine aggregate portion of the

mix produced.

1

INTRODUCTION

This report is an evaluation resulting from a request to determine

the possible use of a new fine aggregate in the production of

bituminous concrete.

The request was submitted with an unofficial sample of the material

by Frank ~1. ~/hitcomb Construction Corporation, Box 429, Bellows

Falls, Vermont _ 05101.

There was no official notification submitted stating what the

material actually was, what source it originated from, or how

it was manufactured.

Unofficially, it was stated that the material was a manufactured

sand produced from quarried stone from Frank W. Whitcomb Construction

Corporation's quarry in ~linooski , Vermont. The material was manu­

factured by Rexnord Inc., Process Machinery Division in Milwaukee,

Wisconsin . 53201 . The parent material was transported there and

the manufactured sand was produced with a ~rodisc crusher.

This report documents the testing and results performed on the

material that was submitted and mix that was produced with it.

2

PROCEDURES

The following tests were run on the material to determine its

compliance with Vermont Standard Specifications, Subsection 704.13:

a. Three gradations.

b. Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulfate, T-104.

An acid insolubil ity test was run to determine if the material

was a carbonate.

Specific gravities were run on the material.

Samples of 3/8" crushed stone were obtained from the same quarry

source but crushed from a different location in the quarry. This

material was used to run a Marshall series.

The 3/8" stone was tested for gradation, acid insolubility, and

specific gravity.

An aggregate combination was designed to meet the Agency Specification

gradation requirements . A 50% manufactured sand and 50% 3/8" stone

blend was the combination arrived at.

A Marshall series was run on the aggregate bl end . The asphalt

contents used were 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 percent. The bitumen used

wa s an 85/100 penetration graded asphalt cement from B. P. Oil,

Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

3

RESULTS

The gradation results of the sand are as fol l ows:

Sieve % Passing % Passing % Passing % Passing Size Samele #1 Samel e #2 Samele #3 Average

No. 4 100 100 100 100 No. 8 95 95 95 95 No. 16 65 62 62 63 No . 30 41 37 37 38 No. 50 26 23 23 24 No. 100 15 13 13 14 No. 200 5 5 5 5

The results of the soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sul fate was 6%

l oss. The maximum .al l owed is 8%.

The acid in solubility of the sand was 98% :f,ndicating a non-carbonate material.

The Bulk Specific Gravity of the sand was 2.605.

The gradation of the 3/811 stone was as follows:

Sieve % Passing Vt. Specification Requirements Size % Passing

1/211 100 100 3/811 99 ' 90 - 100 No. 4 29 No. 8 1 0 - 10

The acid insolubility of the 3/8" stone was 24% indicating a carbonate material.

The Bulk Specific Gravity of the 3/8" stone was 2.739 .

4

The 50- 50 ~end combination of the manufactured sand and 3/8" stone

produced t he following gradatfon:

Sieve % Passing Vt. Specification Limits Size % Pass ing - Type IV Mix

1/211 100 100 3/811 99 95-100 No. 4 65 62-80 No. 8 48 39-60 No. 16 32 24-45 No. 30 19 14-35 No. 50 12 6-24 No. 200 3 0-5

The Marshall series was run with the above gradation and an asphalt

cement with a penetration of 94 and an absolute viscosity of 1350 po ises

at 140°F. The results of the Marshall series indicate that a Type IV

mix made with the above combination with 6.3% asphalt cement wi ll pro­

duce the following properties: (50 blow Marshalls)

Vermont Specification Asphalt Institute (MS~2) Mix .Proeertfes Present Proposed . Marshall Desi gn Criteria

% Air Voids - 4.0 2-5 3-5 3 - 5

Stability - 1470 lbs. None 1000 Mi nimum 500 Minimum

% VMA - 17 None 16 t1inimum 16 Minimum

Flow - 9 (.01 in.) None 8-20 8 - 18

Following are the test property curves developed from the Marshall Series:

5

.....,

VER/·~0/IT AG EIICY OF TRA/:S PORT/-. TI OU /~ATER I ALS & RESEARCH DIVI SION

BI TUM itiOUS COtlCRETE SUB -DIVI S I ON

MARSHALL T EST PR OPERTY CURV ES

Page __ of _ _

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TESTED BY: w. R{) 'ICE ----------- .

EVALUATION OF RESULTS

The gradation results indicate that the manufactured sand can be

combined with a coarse aggregate to produce a combination that will

meet specification gradation requirements.

The material meets soundness of aggregate specification requirements.

The acid insolubility test is not a requirement but does indicate

that the parent rock is non-carbonate and may be a quartzite. The

98% acid insoluble values obtained on the manufactured sand differs

significantl y from the 24% value obtained on the 3/811 stone. Such

results indicate that the parent rock for the two materials came

from different locations in the quarry.

7

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMt~ENOATIONS

This evaluation indicates that bitumi nous mixtures meeting specification

requirements can be produced using the manfactured sand that was sub­

mitted for evaluation.

This evaluation has not addressed the workability of the mix produced

with this material. This could only be properly evaluated through

actual field use.

It ts recommended that Frank W. Whitcomb Construction Corporation, at

their own risk, demonstrate through actual production and lay down,

the characteristics of a mix made with this material.

8

TA 565 Rev . ~/79

STATE OF VERNOHT AGENCY OF TRAN SPORTATION

MATERIALS & RESEARCH DI VISION

RESEARCH INVESTIGATION

Work Plan No. 83-B-14

Prepar~d ty : E.L. Chaffee, Jr. Date : 3/21/83 Sheet 1 of 1

Evaluation of Manufactured Sand From Frank W. Whitcomb Construction Subject Corporation for Use in Bituminous Concrete

Inves tigation Requested By Frank W. Whitcomb Corp . Date December ]J, 1982

Da te Information Requir ed. __ ~A~.S~.A~·~p~·---------------------------------------

Purpose of Investigation Evaluation of a new fine aggregate to determine

possible use in the production of Bituminous Concrete for the

Vermont Agency of Transportation

Proposed Tests or Evaluation Procedure~-----------------------------------

1. Examine material for compliance to Vermont Standard Specifications

Sub Section 704.13.

2. Design an aggregate combination us ing the sand and coarse aggregate from the

same source meeting Agency Gradati on Specifications.

3. Run a modified Marshall Design series for the des igned aggregate combinati on.

4. Evaluate test results.

5. Write a report documenting the testing and re·sults1obtained.

Proposal Discussed With C. Jerd Projected Manpower Requi rements 20 man days

Investiga tion To Be Conducted By __ ~B~i~tu~m~i~n~o~u~s~Co~n~c~r~e~t~e~Su~b~d~i~v~i~s~io~n~-----------

St arting Date February 3, 1983 Estimated Completion Date April 1, 1983

~4". ~:: Disapproval by Materials Engineer ~ ---~

by Materials Engineer __________________________________________ __

Materials & Research Division Agency of Transportation Date Typed: March 23, 1983