493APPENDIX — I

L ist of gsetatt

Name o f th e Peak

K2 (Godwin A u stin )a

Gasharbrun®

Mesharbrun*

Tu taku ti*aNanga tr rb s t

Hararaosh®

Ridden Peak*

Broad Peak*

Benihal

Kaunsarani Kuthar o r

Vishnupedo r

Brehm peaks

Rai Nyur

Rupri

Height

28344 fe e t

26550 f e e t

25744 fe e t

15,524 fe e t

26748 f e e t

24348 fe e t

26556 f e e t

26423 f e e t

9, 200 fe e t

15,523 fe e t

Not ava ilab le

13,000 fe e t

D is t r ic t

G i lg i t Ladakh

Ladakh

Ladekh

P'->:>nch

C h ila s -G llg itleased

G ilg lt -le c .ek h

Ladakh

Ladekh

Maraj C South­eastern )

Maraj ( west Banihel)

Merej ( Deoser pargana t o the west o f Ahrabel w a te r fa ll*

Between Shupyen and Rejour1

J.1* Che peeks which beer mark (a ) are on the o ther

s ide o f c e a s e - f ir e l in e and are f?t present under th e occupation o f Pakistan*

2* 'he te b le have been prepared by th e author on the bas is of variou s survey rep o rts and works*

49$

Name o f th e Peifc

D a ra h a l

P ir F an je l

Shupikur 1 Kachegul 1 A n e w e t I

Tospnaiden

Afarwat

K a j i Nteg o r K a li Nag

Height

13,000 fea t

11, 020 fe e t

Not available

15,000 fe e t

14,500 fe e t

15,524 fe e t

D is tr ic t

Between Shupyen and Raj ouri

Northern Darhel above Hlrapur

Northern slopes o f P ir Panjal

Between Kashmir and Poonch*

Kamrej abve Gulraarg

Utter ^echhipura.

498«PPE»DIX I I I

L is t o f the lo f t y range o f mountains ly in g between the Kashmir V e lle y and L i t t l e T ibet*

NameHeight in fe e t R E M A R K S

Manga Parbat or

jo in e r 26,748In Astor, the 8th heighest mountain in the world.

Neste Chhenu 9,300 On the way to Karnah

TragbelorRaadaniangan 11,950

Between Bendipur end Cures

Burzila or Bursebal

Dorikun

13.500 1 113.500 1

Between Gurcs end Astor

Harmukh 16,890 In the la r pargana

Z o j i le or Zo jiba l 11,300 Between Sonamarg and Dras

Maheder 11,500 Above Dechhigam

Nenkun 23,410 In Suru

Lidarwat 10,000 Between Phalgam end Decchigem

Kolahoi 17,827 west o f Lidderwat

Amarnath 17,890 East o f Phalgam

Kohenhar 17,000 South o f Amameth

Geshebrar 17,836 west o f Amarneth

Harbh egwen 16,055 North o f Sasaket mow ta in

Hergan 11,600 south o f Kohenhar

497

HeightName in fe e t R E M A R K S

Verbal XI, 570 South o f Mergan onthe way t o Kishtwar

Hukhaser 15,060 Between Brang and Merwen

B reri Bel 14,300 Between Shahabad and Doda*

This teb le have been prepared by the author on the basis o f Im perial Gazetteer o f India Vol. XV, p. 75, Anand KouX,Geo- o f J&K St etc* pp. 5-6. (Rev. by P. V.K* B «aaa ll, G a»etteer o f Kashmir end Led el? A

498APPENDIX M U

L is t o f common tre es founded in Kashmir producingvarious Timbers,

BotanicalNam® Kashmiri name ihglish name

Cedrus lib en i ve r Deed or a Deodar or Dldr Deodar

Pinus excelsa Kelru or y a r Himalayan Blue pine

P lcee Merlnda Kachll Himelayan Spruce

Abies Wabblana Budal or 3 angel Himalayan S ilv e r f i r

Taxvs baccate Fosthel Yew

Alnus n itlda Sarul or Kansel Alder

Ulmus Sp* Brean Elm

Ulmu3 W a lllch ien a Brenn Elm

Prunus Pedus Zonb Bird Cherrey

Frexinus Florlbunda Horn Ash

Frexlnus Moorcroft- lena Horn Ash

Juglans reg ia Dun Wrlnut

Aesculus indice Han Indian Horse chestnut

Corylus Columa V irin Hazel

C e lt is austra lis arim ij 4MW

1. This l i s t i s en extract from w. R. Lawrence's V a liev o f Kashmir.

499

BotanicalName Kashmiri nerae English name

Creteegus Cbcyecenth Ring Howthron

Populus nigra Phrast Ita lia n poplar

Populus s l b s Dudh phrast Si/hite pop ler

Acer Sp, Kanar Maple

S a lix tetresperma V ir w illow

Vitouraum foctena KuXmamch Guelder

Betule u t i l l s Burze Birch

Parro t! e J acquamontic-ne Poti Witch Hazel

Pletenus o r ie n te lis Boin Plane

Morus Sp. TuX Mulberry

pyrus MeXus Tsunt Apple

Pyru9 Comnunia Tang Peer

Cot.oneest.erbeciXXarla Lun —

Euonyrous Sp, GhoX Spindle Tree

Zizyphus vu lgaris Bre Jujbee

Rhus waXlichll Arkhor mum '

XX XX wutil —

Juniperus excelaa XX

. i i

300APPENDIX—IV «

1.1st o f Tributary Streams end r ive ra o f Ladakh*

3Not Mpme o f the r iv e r or stream

Name o f the r iv e r Tributary t o

1. Bhaga R iver Chenab R iver

2. Braldu R iver Shlger R iver

3. Dras River Sind R iver

4. Ferrieibedi Stream Suru R iver

5. Caro K iver Indus B iver

6. Cumber stream Dras R iver

7. Hanle R iver Indus R iver

8. Hunsa R iver G ilg it R iver

9. K en iji R iver Indus P.iv e r

10. Kergia stream Zanaskar R iver

11. Kernel! R iver Indus R iver

12. Khunden R iver Zanaskar R iver

13. Kharnek R iver Zanaskar R iver

14. Kunar R iver G ilg it R iver

15. Kunihar R iverj

Jhelum R iver in Muaefferabad.

16. Kuksar R iver Dras River

17. Kyemgo Tregqar stream Chengehenmo R iver

•flO«■» Lung Chu R iver |i

Shayok R iver

19. Mager F iv e r -1

G ilg i t R iver

1. This teb le has been compiled by the euthor on the basis o f various books, which Include C rgetter o f Kashmir end Ladak „ A. Cunningham, op. d t . F* Drew,JK T e rr it ories and the northern Barrier o f In d ia, and Sates Gazetteer, 1 imperial Gazetteer o f Indie* V o l. XV.

501

sNot Name o f th e r i v e r o r stream

Name o f th e r i v e r T r ib u ta ry t o

20. N « i R iv e r Ravi R iv e r

21. Nakpo Chu R iv e r Sure R iv e r

22. ■v’tibre r i v e r Shay ok R iv e r

23. Eehar R iv e r Indus F iv e r

24. Pen jkore R iv e r Indus R iv e r

25. Panjnad R iv e r Indus F iv e r

26. Peyang stream Indus R iv e r

27. Phugel r iv e r Zanaskar R iv e r

28. P lr s e R iv e r Indus i i v e r

29. Fug a Camp stream Indus F iv e r

30. Pu l antes Chu 3treem Suru R iv e r

31. | ^anpu R iv e r1

Indus l i v e r

32. Serchu R iv e r Zaneskrr R iv e r

33. sh lga r R iv e r Indus K iv e r

34* Shingo R iv e r Kuksar R iv e r

35. S p it l o r Rupshu R iv e r Indus R iv e r

36. Surogel R iv e r Zanaskar R iv e r

37, 3uru F iv e r Dras R iv e r

38. Swat R iv e r Indus R iv e r

39. fh a l l e R iv e r Shayok R iv e r

40. Tuluntouti R iv e r Nubra R iv e r

41. wake R iv e r Indus R iv e r

42. Yasan F iv e r G i l g i t R iv e r

43. Yunem Stream Zanaskar R iv e r

44. Zengla Stream Zanaskar R iv e r

45. Zongsum R iv e r s p i t l Stream

46.i

z era r i v e r Zenasker F iv e r

SOf

ArPKMDIX — Vi

L is t o f Lakes o f th e Keshrai r P rov ince*

1. Anvrat K’rg 25 Konnag

2. Bober Keg 26. Konsaneg

3* Brahmas ar 27. Kriehansar

4. Chander Ssr 28. Mersar

5, Deinamsar 29. Nendaar

6. Demesnes ar 30, Nilebhawan

7. Deoser 31. ^ilapushnag

fl. D idu fser 32. N i la s e r

9 . Dothesar 33. Nundkol

10. Dudeser 34. Prangasar

11. Grdhcser 35. I* amaser

12. Gagasar 36. Rattan se r

13. Cengrbel 37. Sa lenser

14. Gunser 38. Sataco lneg

15. Gurchem sar 39. S a tan iser

16. M e tie r T e le * 40. Setasar

17. K a li Meg o r K e j i Nac 41. Sarensar

•CO*4 Kensar 42. Shishramnag

19. Kasina Nag 43. Sonasarnag

20. Keuser Mag 44. Sumsar

21. Kemser 45. T e la v b e l

22. Kh isasar 46. l'a rsa r

23. Kodurisar 47. Tsuherser oj

24. K o lese r 48. Vcsthnesar

503

49. V ishenser 57. Gaya Taho

50. Woncpnwes 58. K la ger Taho

51. Wataaar 59. Kyang Tsho

52. 1 Yam alsar 60. Ma^kaarrTslvfc

53. !| Yamasar 61. Panbuk

54. 1 Z§matarinag 62. Pungur Tsho

Lakesi o f Ladakh 63. Suraj Dal

55. Bhegesar 64.\T ahomoneng1e r i

56. Chunglunc 65. Tahothang

J1

66.

---------—

Tsowar

----------------------------------------------------- ----------------

T h is l i s t has been prepared by th e author on th e b a s is o f G a ze tte e r o f Kashmir end i edafc M A. Cunninghim, op. c i t . A. Koul, o r . c i t . /F. i>rev# JK T e r r i t o r ie s .

APPENDIX k»VIt503

List of Serines In the Kashmir Province*»

Heme o f th e Spring Teh311-w ise lo c a t io n

AnantnagGotamnagKhlrbhpwrniKokarnagKotherKarkotnagLokabhavenMalaknagMattanPenzathnegV ith evp tu rVrseknag

Anentneo - e h s i l

K h ir Bawanl a t Munzgam Kulc F-vn l 'e h s i l

A rpa l sp rin g H er! Spring Ke$el e-M lichen o r I Digorn necr SSiupyan I MoranWuyanZavurZewan

Ghesme Shehi Guft Gang aK h ir Beveni fit Tulmul Nagrn ik a t Khrew Naren—neg &t Wengat U tpsheh-nrcrt Hagan V ich em ag a t Wausheher

Anantnag Hrrenag Said Gange

Devepurnag N ilan ag Neer Hagara Sangl Safed S he ladev i Sukhenag |

Aven tipura P eh s ll

Sher-i-Khps f e h s i l

Z a in a g ir U ttar Mechnlpura T e h s i l .

S r i Pertepsinghpura T e h s i l .

1. T h is t e b le has been prepared by th e author on th e b a s is o f th e f o i l >wing books.A. Koul# Of., c i t . G a ze ttee r o f Kashmir end Ladak S te in , Ceoorephv^ Bates G a ze tte e r end Hasan# op. c i t .

50$

APPENDIX X.UX

Foods and F ru its l a F lo ra og Kaahmlrt

Name o f th e Coramodltv

1. S inghere (Gor)(T rap a b isp in osa or w ater chestnut)

Jewar ( Euryale fe r o x o r w ater chestnut

3* Bumposh (Nyrnphaee s t e l l a t e o r w ater chestnu t)

4, Panqposh car Parribech (Nelumbium speciosum o r sacred lo tu s }

5, Nag bubr (Nasturtium o f f i c in a l e o r w ater c re ss )

6 . Handiposh (c ichoriu m In tybu s)

7 . C hattr (p h y th o lecceacinose end Mecacar paea po lyandra )

8, Pombehak (Rheum)

Uses

For d e t a i l s p le r s e see chapter on a g r ic u ltu r e under th e sub-heading o f th e Lake Products.

I t gave a s o f t sweet seed which was ea ten raw o r ro o s ted .

I t p rov id ed from i t s fra g ra n t w h ite f lo w e rs a p le esen t sherbet end i t s stem a r e l is h a b le v e g e ta b le *

I t y ie ld e d a sw^et nut, w h ile i t s stem was th e w h ite n e d r u which the Kashmiri stew w ith m eet. From th e p o lle n o f th e p i t * th e d a l nabad or la k e sweetmeat was made e n d th e ro o t o f th e p i t s was a ls o ea ten .

I t was found in th e stream s and was used es a v e g e ta b le .

I t was found in eve ry f i e l d w ith b r ig h t -b lu e flo w e rs and p eop le va lu ed i t as a v e g e ta b le . I t was o fte n c u lt iv a te d in th e gardens.

I t formed a u se fu l po th erbs , w h ite Nepeta rajrhenorhiza fu rn ish ed an e x c e l le n t ro o t whi<a» was more t a s t e fu l and d e l ic io u s than rad ish somewhat l i k e a good almond.

I t $rew e t h igh e le v e t io n end gave a rhuberb, which w rs more d e l ic a t e end d e l ic io u s than the c u lt iv a te d one. Sehbarc.i (Q x a lis c o ra l cu la t e ) was mixed w ith mint f o r a d e l ic io u s but a c id ic chutney o r saa«

506

of the Commodity

9 . Tsok Ladder (p o lygon um polystachyum) end Rumech (polygonum ra m ilifo liu m )

10, A ib l j (Rumex)

Uses

11, Kev ( Cheerophyllura %>.)

12. Fran (w ild on ions)

13. Wet a kirm ( ly ch n is %>.)

14* Derb (Polygonum Sp.)

15. Chari hek (Cempenule Sp .)

16. F o s th il (Taxus baccata o r berk o f yew)

A v e g e ta b le Which p rov id ed an equ a le o f English rhuberb but wrs not so a c id ic *

I t was p icked end d r ie d f o r w in te r use e n d w^s much va lu ed as a po th erb . Another v a r ie t y o f th e same was known as "K e k u te r i" , vihich %es an a c id ic v e g e ta b le , th e young le a v e s o f th e red poppy (g u la le ) were much esteemed es a v e g e ta b le . These were known as "T a n ya l" .

I t was looked upon es an e x c e lle n t s u b s t itu te f o r c a r ro ts both by th e herdsmen end by th e red -b ea rs .

The w o lik o t , which resentoled th e n a tio n a l v e g e ta b le (th e karam s a g ), th e hopal (D ipsacus in **erm is), th e pamsal, the le a v e s o f th e wen rohun were lautgely ea ten .

I t formed an e x c e l le n t sweet po th erb . The ro o ts o f th e "Z p rgo ga l" a tu rn iph roo ted u m b e lli fe r , gave a warm fo od . "Chauncheru", th e a d d e r 's tongue, was ex trem ely pungent as a vege ­t a b le .

I t was b o ile d in m ilk and ea ten .

A v e g e ta b le , consid ered as a warm po th erb .

I t vps used by th e p e o p le 'in s te a d o f te a end was la r g e ly exported t o Ladakh, whereas t e e was a luxury and en joyed by a few . During fam ine th e bark was ground in t o f l o u r and consumed.

507

Uses

A sweet herb resem bling pepperm int end wes used by th e Hindus as e s u b s t itu te f o r th e t u l s i .

Hedur wes common end kenguchi o r M orel abounded th e mountains end fm iMt formed an im portant export t o In d ia * I t wes en e x c e l le n t a d d it io n t o s t e w .Kaho Khur and S i l r i o r s i r l r i were h ig h ly thought o f by th e n a tiv e s * Mezkhel, which wes found on th e we1nut m ulberry end p in e t r e e were e x c e l le n t fungus "dad*' wes d r ie d end eaten in th e w in ter* I t wes con s id ered es e h ea lth y fo od .

19. F ru it e F lo re o f Kashmirt

Chanch (Raspberry )Dfren Chench (B la ck Respberry)Sur Chench ( Bramble)Popei (Bremble)In gra ( S traw berry)H & rgil (B lack cu rran t)Zurab (B ird Cherry)Kaodech(Barberry)Ghukiphel (B erb erry l i k e Kudach but w ith Red b e r r ie s )Grun ( f l e e ©gnus)M a iIten g (Bean t r e e )V ir in (H eze t)Kulmrnch (G uelder)

Notes T h is ch ert has been prepared by th e authoron th e b a s is o f Lawrence*s V a lle y . Im p er ia l G a ze tte e r o f In d ia , V o l. XV, G a ze ttee r o f Keshmir end Ladefe:;* end many Jther books.

As regard s th ese f r u i t s chench and H e r g i l were c u lt iv a te d v a r i e t i e s l ik e th a t o f European f r u i t s . Che b e r r ie s were d i f f e r e n t in t h e i r arrangements. The h a ze l nuts o f s-nell s iz e were e ls o met in fbundence p e r t ic u le r ly on th e s lo p es o f th e P i r P a n ja l an** were met w ith e x c e l le n t f i l b e r t s .

Heme o f th e Commodity

17. Menthe (venne)

18. Hedur ( A cericu s Sp .)end Kaneguchi (H o rc h e lle Sp .)

S o l *

S

3 - or • •

I

OlI ? 0

01

<0«o

*Is)

OM

W«■»«§u(A*QU

14mM

K>♦CD OftW

u•4•01M

U*.m«•16

to0»«Ok3

mmSIs

N>

OM

M*00o*«a

uu•CDmN a

•a

M

Utnis)

*«*vs«NOk01

atg

«4Ia*C4O

«Ts s»

tn

8

u•»«voU)ai

«4M*UOkM

(4»N3*>Is)«Is}

«*»l«o»m 14

(4

ls>tn*«g

a«

Nisj«Otn u (ASIvO

•tlu

M«MIS}«a8

I8

O0»

u-4tn

-ts•I

e •i lS h.9

f n oe n2 S S3

- I f*il

I S *• *%cPS U>

?55?K• II*

5

at**-I !

1*3• 9 0

xtT»m2

O

oM<

or *• -4< a » •«* H»sr «* -%• » oHo a *- « m. g -o *» c• -%

3 If Br a s

i*5 H

Sf*sIo§ h

* ”*5

!?: H* •e & £ 3 i 5 5

a I5 £• es Ia ««

SOBA P P E N D I X — Villi

A d m i n i s t r a t i v e D i v i s i o n o f K a s h m i r P r o v i n c e *

SNo*

I .

Wazarts o r D is t r ic t s i'eh s i I s

W az^ret-l-Khan (S r in a ga r ) 1* T e h s il- i-K h a s o r c i t yj o f S rinagar

2• T e h s i l - i - I c h N agarai

S 3. C ehsil-i-D onsu lenchema

4* r e h s il- i- v *u la r Vihu

5 . T e h s il- i-G h e r e t

2«

3.

w azarat-i-Anantnag ( Islamabad)

1* re h s il- l-A n a n tn a g

2. T e h sil- i-R a n b ir-A in g h p o re

3. T e h s il- i-D e o s e r

4. T e h s i l - i - Dachanpura

5# fe h 3il-i-.jhupiy<M j

V

waz a r e t - i-K amrag( Sopore) 1. T e h s i l - i - L a l

2* T e h s il- i-H e m a lz a in g ir

3* r e h s i l - i - u t ^ e r lech ipore

4. t e h s i l - i - B i r u Hagem

5. T eh s i1 -i-K ru h in

508

sNOS w azerets o r D is t r ic t s T eh s ila

! • Ladekh

Sub— D iv is io n s

1. Rukshuk

2. Zensker

3. Lubre

4. Leh

5. Dres

6 . K e r g ll

2, B e lt !s ta n 1 • Khermeng

2. Khaplu

3. S h lger

4. Skerdu

5* Rondu

3. Dardlsten 1. A s to r

2. Bunji

3. C h iles

4. G i l g i t

5 . Hunze

6 . Neger

7 . Pu n ia l

8 . Yes ln

1• Muzef errebed

510APPENDIX — .1X1

Routes used toy th e 2y»minders and Loce linen

9Hoi

1.

From t Q .......... . . . Via _ Distance

Srinroar Punch Firozpor 61 miles

2. ' ft 99 T os em a id an 68 99

3. n 99 Dub j an 86 91

4. Rajouri Darahal 104 99

5. • Budal Fatunpanj el 61 19

6. m Jammu Budal 126 99

7. M « Khuri 147 2

8. N 91 Danau 178 91

9 . M 91 Khulnarva 172 91

10. 99 Dode Breribal 110 99

11. M Kiahtwai ■ Marbel 72 99

12. M M Direct route 94 •I

13. II Bhederwj Direct route 227 99

14. 99 0e30hll 91 281 99

15..

N Pathenk<* " i«318 99

16. 9V M arivi

Famar j 94 99

i7 . ; 91 Warwan Hirabel |!1

74 91

1. Che t e b le h r * been prepared by th e author on the bas is o f th e Annual Admini3t r e t j v e R eports o f the J & K Stete* R eports o f th e Roads and B u ild in gs Per ertment and v e r io u s o th er documents end prim ary sources l ik e Mej. Gen. Le 'e rq u ie s , De, Bourbel, Routes in Jerrmu end Kashmir# 1897, i, K. Ward, op ., c i t . pp. end A. K o u lr op. c i t . pp. 25-35(ReV. by P. N. K. Bam zai).

SI 1

sNO* From To V ia D istance

18.i

Srinagar iiWerwen Amerneth cave 98 m iles

19. i T i l e l Mahalish 82 M

20.!

h is C h ilas Kachaduna 159 fl»

21. rt \ Kamah Nestechhenu 73 It

22. H

i Darwah Ashie 93 fl»

23. 1) Rawalpindi j MureeI

199 ft

24. « Hasen Abd« 1 Abbotabed 159 N

25. « |i

G u jre t Bhimber 161 m

26.I Ladak z o j i l a 244 H

27. N ! Skardu Z o j i l e 234 t*

28. It i1 ;:-

;;

i ..... i

G i l g i t B u rz il 220 M