49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Karies Gigi

49

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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try.org.

54

Lampiran 1

Formulir Data Dasar Subjek Penelitian

No. urut : ............................

Nama : ............................

Umur : ..………………….

Tanggal : ...........................

No Gigi Skor Plak pada

Permukaan Bukal

Skor Plak pada

Permukaan Lingual

1. 1.2

2. 2.4

3. 3.2

4. 3.6

Skor plak = jumlah skor plak pada seluruh permukaan gigi yang diperiksa

jumlah permukaan gigi yang diperiksa

55

Lampiran 2

Lembar Ethical Clearance

Lampiran 3

56

57

58

Lampiran 4

Hasil Pengolahan Data SPSS

Explore

Tanpa xylitol dan flouride

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

tanpa sebelum 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

tanpa sesudah 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

Descriptives

Statistic Std. Error

tanpa sebelum Mean 2.1350 .13190

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Lower Bound 1.8366

Upper Bound 2.4334

5% Trimmed Mean 2.1322

Median 2.1600

Variance .174

Std. Deviation 1.7130

Minimum 1.66

Maximum 2.66

59

Range 1.00

Interquartile Range .96

Skewness .085 .687

Kurtosis -1.738 1.334

tanpa sesudah Mean 1.7130 .14328


for Mean

Lower Bound 1.3889

Upper Bound 2.0371


Median 1.6600

Variance .205

Std. Deviation 1.7130

Minimum 1.16

Maximum 2.50

Range 1.34


Skewness .612 .687

Kurtosis -.747 1.334

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

tanpa sebelum .173 10 .200* .862 10 .081

tanpa sesudah .201 10 .200* .919 10 .345

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

60

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t df

Sig.

(2-

tailed)Mean

Std.

Deviation

Std. Error

Mean


of the Difference

Lower Upper

Pair 1 tanpa sebelum -

tanpa sesudah

.42200 .56470 .17857 .01804 .82596 2.363 9 .042

Xylitol + Fluoride


Cases

Valid Missing Total


xylflousebelum 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

xylflou sesudah 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

61

Descriptives


Xylitol dan fouride sebelum

Mean 1.9310 .20812

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 1.4602

Upper Bound 2.4018


Median 1.9150

Variance .433

Std. Deviation .65812

Minimum 1.00

Maximum 3.50

Range 2.50


Skewness 1.413 .687

Kurtosis 3.679 1.334

xylitol dan fouride sesudah

Mean 1.2620 .23629


Lower Bound .7275

Upper Bound 1.7965


Median 1.1600

Variance .558


Minimum .33

Maximum 3.00

Range 2.67

Interquartile Range 1.00

62

Skewness 1.368 .687


Tests of Normality


Statistic df Sig.

Statistic df Sig.

Xylitol dan fouride sebelum

.264 10 .047 .870 10 .100

Xylitol dan fouride sesudah

.197 10 .200* .891 10 .173



Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)Mean Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Xylitol dan flouride sebelumxylitol dan flouride

sesudah

.66900 .31586 .09988 .44305 .89495 6.698 9 .000

FluorideCase Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total


fluoride sebelum 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

fluoride sesudah 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

Descriptives


fluoride sebelum Mean 2.5060 .17819

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound 2.1029

63

for Mean Upper Bound 2.9091


Median 2.3150

Variance .318


Minimum 1.83

Maximum 3.83

Range 2.00


Skewness 1.503 .687


fluoride sesudah Mean 2.1250 .25682


Lower Bound 1.5440

Upper Bound 2.7060


Median 1.7150

Variance .660


Minimum 1.33

Maximum 3.50

Range 2.17

Interquartile Range 1.54

Skewness .773 .687

Kurtosis -1.203 1.334

Tests of Normality


Statistic df Sig. Statisticdf Sig.

fluoride sebelum .223 10 .175 .860 10 .076

fluoride sesudah .242 10 .101 .833 10 .036

64

Tests of Normality


Statistic df Sig. Statisticdf Sig.

fluoride sebelum .223 10 .175 .860 10 .076

fluoride sesudah .242 10 .101 .833 10 .036


Transform fluoride


Cases

Valid Missing Total


transformflusebelum 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

transformflusesudah 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%

Descriptives


transformflusebelum Mean .3902 .02838


Lower Bound .3260

Upper Bound .4544

5% Trimmed Mean .3866

Median .3645

Variance .008


Minimum .26

Maximum .58

Range .32


Skewness .963 .687


65

transformflusesudah Mean .3007 .04978


Lower Bound .1881

Upper Bound .4133

5% Trimmed Mean .2970

Median .2333

Variance .025


Minimum .12

Maximum .54

Range .42


Skewness .562 .687

Kurtosis -1.548 1.334

Tests of Normality


Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

transformflusesudah .230 10 .142 .860 10 .076



Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t dfSig. (2-tailed)Mean

Std.Deviati

on

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper

Pair 1 transformflusebelum -transformflusesudah

.08950 .16118 .05097

-.02581 .20480 1.756

9 .190

66

Post Hoc Tests

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

10 16,80

10 9,65

10 20,05

30

Kategori pasta gigiTanpa Xylitol dan Flouride

Xylitol Flouride

Flouride

Total

Rata-rata skor plaksetelah pemakaian

N Mean Rank

HASIL UJI DATA SELISIHANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

skor plak sebelum Between Groups 1.700 2 .850 2.757 .081

Within Groups 8.322 27 .308

Total 10.021 29

skor plak sesudah Between Groups 3.726 2 1.863 3.928 .032


Total 16.535 29

selisih skor plak Between Groups .755 2 .377 .756 .479


Total 14.224 29

Multiple Comparisons

selisih skor plakLSD

(I) kelompok

(J)kelompok

Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.


Lower Bound Upper Bound

1 2 .21100 .31587 .510 -.4371 .8591

3 -.17700 .31587 .580 -.8251 .4711

2 1 -.21100 .31587 .510 -.8591 .4371

3 -.38800 .31587 .230 -1.0361 .2601

3 1 .17700 .31587 .580 -.4711 .8251

2 .38800 .31587 .230 -.2601 1.0361

67

Test Statisticsa,b

7,374

2

,025

Chi-Square

df

Asymp. Sig.

Rata-rata skorplak setelahpemakaian

Kruskal Wallis Testa.

Grouping Variable: Kategori pasta gigib.

Ranks

10 12,85

10 17,30

10 16,35

30

Kategori pasta gigiTanpa Xylitol dan Flouride

Xylitol Flouride

Flouride

Total

selisihN Mean Rank

Test Statisticsa,b

1,428

2

,490

Chi-Square

df

Asymp. Sig.

selisih

Kruskal Wallis Testa.

Grouping Variable: Kategori pasta gigib.

68

Lampiran 5

Foto Hasil Penelitian

Pasta gigi mengandung tanpa xylitol dan flouride

Pasta gigi mengandung xylitol dan flouride

Pasta gigi mengandung flouride

69

Disclosing solusion

70

Documents

49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Karies Gigi