48158-002: Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Updated Environmental Management Plan

June 2019

Cambodia: Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation

Project ‒ Siem Reap Replacement Interceptor

Sewer Subproject

Prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank.

This updated environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Kingdom of Cambodia

Cambodia: Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Wastewater Subproject)

Updated EMP for Siem Reap Wastewater Subproject 2

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(10 Aug. 2018)

Currency Unit - Riel R

R1.00 = $0.00025

$1.00 = R4,000

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AH Affected household BOD Biochemical oxygen demand (typically 5-day test and measure) CEMP Contractor’s environmental monitoring plan (during construction) COD Chemical oxygen demand DDSC Detailed design and supervision consultant EA Environmental assessment ECO Environmental control officer EIA Environmental impact assessment EMP Environment management plan EERT External emergency response team ERT Emergency response team ERTL Emergency response team leader ESMU Environment and social management unit ESO Environmental site officer GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region IA Implementing agency IEE Initial environmental examination MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MIH Ministry of Industry and Handicraft MOE Ministry of Environment MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport NGOs Non-government organization O&M Operation and maintenance PIAC Project implementation assistance consultant PIU Project implementation unit PDE Provincial Department of Environment PMU Project management unit PDPWT Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport PWSSP Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Project RGC Royal Government of Cambodia $ United States dollar UXO Unexploded ordinance

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km kilometer kg kilogram ha mg/L

hectare milligram per liter

mm millimeter




NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.




CONTENT

ABBREVIATIONS 2

I. INTRODUCTION 6

A. SUBPROJECT COMPONENTS 7 B. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE 13 C. EMP AIMS AND STRUCTURE 15

II. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & RESPONSIBILITIES 16

III. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 19

A. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 19 B. PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 24 C. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 26

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN 29

V. MONITORING PLAN 38

A. MONITORING ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 38 B. REPORTING 43

VI. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION 45

VII. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 45

A. ALERT PROCEDURES 47 B. EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS 48

VIII. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY REVIEW AND NEEDS 50




LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: SCOPE OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS ................................................................................................................ 8 TABLE 2: LIST OF MATERIAL ......................................................................................................................................... 10 TABLE 3: LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLE ............................................................................................................... 11 TABLE 4: CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................ 13 TABLE 5: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ....................................................... 17 TABLE 6: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................................... 19 TABLE 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS................................................................................................................. 24 TABLE 8: PROVINCIAL GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEE (GRC) ................................................................................ 26 TABLE 9: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN ............................................................................................. 29 TABLE 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ..................................................................................................... 39 TABLE 11: PERFORMANCE MONITORING INDICATORS ............................................................................................... 43 TABLE 12: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN EMERGENCY INCIDENT RESPONSE ........................................................ 45 TABLE 13: EVACUATION PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................... 48 TABLE 14: RESPONSE PROCEDURE DURING MEDICAL EMERGENCY ........................................................................... 48 TABLE 15: RESPONSE PROCEDURE IN CASE OF FIRE .................................................................................................... 49

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: SIEM REAP SUBPROJECT LOCALITY MAP ...................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2: TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY – MICRO-TUNNELING ....................................................................................... 8 FIGURE 3: TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY – PIPE SPLITTING AND PIPE BURSTING............................................................. 8 FIGURE 4: GRM FLOW CHART ...................................................................................................................................... 27

LIST OF ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR CAMBODIA ........................................................................................ 51 ANNEX 2: MONITORING REPORT TEMPLATE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT ................................................ 54




I. INTRODUCTION

1. This environmental management plan (EMP) sets out the environmental management requirements for the Siem Reap Replacement Interceptor Sewer Subproject of the Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PWSSP) during the pre-construction, construction and operation phase in line with the requirements of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009).

2. An initial environmental evaluation (IEE) covering wastewater subprojects, including the Siem Reap subproject was disclosed on ADB website during project preparation in June 2017. Siem Reap subproject was awarded as a Design and Build Contract. An outline EMP, based on the IEE was developed in August 2018 and included as part of the bid invitation document and contract of the construction contractor. The contractor further submitted its EMP during construction (CEMP) in April 2019, which was finalized and approved on the 6th of June 2019.

3. The updated EMP based on detailed engineering design (DED) should have been cleared by ADB prior to civil works commencing. This June 2019 updated version of the EMP takes into account the detailed engineering design completed by the contractor in February 2019 and approved in early April 2019, the CEMP and public consultations that took place in May 2019 for additional screening of potential impacts prior to the start of construction and has been prepared to bring the project back into compliance. The updated EMP includes detailed information on design, sensitive receptors, impacts and mitigation in lieu of a separate update to IEE prepared for wastewater subprojects.

4. The existing 3.7 km long pipeline was designed and installed to collect wastewater from the center of Siem Reap over an area of 2.4 km2. This pipeline is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) sewage drainage pipes with diameters of 600 mm and 700 mm. The pipeline has failed and collapsed at five locations between 2011 and 2014 and at two more locations since. Based on the recent geotechnical investigations and test pit excavations, the cause of failure is highly likely to be a combination inadequate compaction during backfilling of the trench and poor quality pipes leading to frequent cyclic loads on the pipes which eventually resulted in material fatigue and collapse. At present, the pipeline is not functioning, preventing wastewater in a central part of the town from reaching the pump station and ultimately the wastewater treatment plant.

5. From an environmental perspective, the periodic settling or collapsing of the road is a traffic hazard and so a public safety risk. The blocked sewage pipeline overflows to the adjacent irrigation canal at selected locations which too is a public health risk as well as environmental degradation even though the water quality in the canal is already very poor.

6. The purpose of the Siem Reap subproject is to replace the existing interceptor sewer with a stronger pipeline and thereby not only enable it to function again but also improve the urban environment though reduction of the above mentioned hazards. The project area includes Sivatha Road from the intersection with National Highway 6 to the Y-junction and roundabout near Pokambor Avenue then along the narrow BBU Road to the main pump station (see Project locality map in). The road goes through the city’s bustling street (Central Market, Old Market), intersects the town center drainage channel and drains on both sides. The existing pipeline will be replaced by DN1000 (external diameter 1173 mm) ductile cast iron pipes using trenchless technology to minimize disruptions to traffic and pedestrians through the bustling city center.




Figure 1: Siem Reap Subproject Locality Map

A. SUBPROJECT COMPONENTS

7. The depth of the existing pipeline ranges from 3.5 m (to pipe invert) at the upstream end to 7.5 m at the pump station. The new pipeline will be similar as it will connect into the upstream and downstream manholes. In addition, 37 manholes will be installed along the new pipeline to allow each of the existing manholes to be cross-connected to the new pipeline. At loan preparation it was envisaged that trenchless technology will be used to lay the new pipeline to avoid lengthy road openings and sheet piling. However the actual technology was left to the bidders with a choice of either micro-tunneling and pipe jacking or pipe splitting and bursting. The two techniques are illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.

8. The eventual contractor elected to use micro-tunneling method to ensure that the existing pipe could be operational at all times and also due to the uncertainty about the condition of the existing pipe.

9. Main works under the subproject broadly include (i) excavation of working jacking and receiving pits sufficiently large to enable the boring and jacking machines to be lowered and retrieved, (ii) pipeline construction using jacking, (iii) construct of new manholes for access and maintenance, cross-connection to the existing manholes, and (iv) resealing of the road. Details of the scope of the main work tasks are presented in Table 1.




Figure 2: Trenchless Technology – Micro-tunneling

Figure 3: Trenchless Technology – Pipe Splitting and Pipe Bursting

Table 1: Scope of Construction Works

Item Content Unit Quantity

I Installation and other services

1 DN1000 ductile cast iron pipe km 3.7




II Civil and construction works

1 New inspection or maintenance access manhole number 37

2 Working pits for jacking and receiving machines number 38

10. Construction method: Detailed methodology for the execution of the tasks is presented below:

Overall Construction Process Site preparation → Field investigations → Working pit construction → Pipe jacking → Access manhole construction → Backfilling and pavement restoration

• Construction methodology for excavation of the working pits

- Procedure of excavation: break the road surface – manual excavation of 1.5 m top layer, installation of steel sheet piles and upper ring beam to hold the sheet piles in place – mechanical excavation for the lower soil, installation of steel sheet piles and other ring beams at 2 m to 2.5 m spacing (with depth) – manual cleaning and leveling of the bottom 150 mm of the pit.

- Working pit bottom slab construction: Working pit bottom slab is constructed with 200 mm-thick C20 concrete, with double layer of 12 mm reinforcement bars arranged in both directions. Open-cut perimeter drainage ditches and sump pit for drainage and pump out.

- Excavated materials will be removed to the sedimentation tank placed near the shaft for re-use as backfilling or transport to dump site.

- Based on the geotechnical survey report the groundwater levels in the project area are relatively shallow. Therefore, dewatering measures will need to be taken before any earthwork excavation. The pumped out water will be discharged to the nearby irrigation canal.

• Construction methodology for pipe jacking

- Acceptance of working pit

- Construction of thrust backing wall in jacking pit

- Inspection and acceptance of pipe jacking equipment

- Installation of pipe jacking equipment

- Survey control and deviation rectification

- Jacking of first pipe segment

- Inspection and checking of pipe jacking equipment

- cleaning out of debris from the pipe

- Inspection and acceptance of pipe jacking equipment

- Lowering and aligning of the next pipe segment and jointing of the previous and current pipe segments

- Routine jacking of the pipes




- Reclaiming excavated material

- Repeating the above steps for each segment until receiving manhole is reached

- Pipeline run-through to check joints and signs of cracking

- Cast-in-place new concrete access manhole

- Backfilling in compacted layers, removing the sheet piles as the pit is filled

- Completion acceptance

• Construction methodology of new access manhole

- After the pipe construction is completed, implement construction of the cast-in-situ concrete access manhole in the working pit;

- Construction on site of the reinforcement mash to the requirements of the design and specifications.

- Formwork construction of inspection pit: the formwork shall use custom made steel formwork and be ordered from manufacturer. In concrete vibrating, the formwork seams shall achieve the requirement of no mortar leakage. Sponge bars shall be added at formwork seams aligned with the inner formwork face.

- Concrete works: the concrete shall use commercial concrete, be transported with concrete tank truck, and poured into the framework with bucket hoisted. Prior to pouring, check the support, formwork, steel bar and embedded parts; clean up sundries in formwork, water accumulation and dirt on steel bar; if the formwork has any seam, fill tightly; the inner face of formwork shall be painted with releasing agent.

• Construction methodology of resealing road

- Determine the optimum moisture content and optimum dry density of soil based on the backfilling soil texture;

- The pavement shall be compacted with 12 tonne roller;

- After the roadbed rolling accepted, construct a surface layer of bituminous pavement;

- After construction of asphalt surface completed, resume the guide labels and lines of the original pavement.

11. Material Supply for the subproject is listed in Table 2.

Table 2: List of Material

No. Material Unit Quality

1 Ductile cast iron pipe m 3,700

2 Larson U-shaped steel sheet pile m 6,000

3 Reinforcement bar tonne 150

4 Concrete m3 471

5 Concrete m3 272

6 Waterproofing mortar tonne 5

7 Cast iron manhole cover item 43




No. Material Unit Quality

8 Cast iron ladder item 41

9 Cement brick m3 32

10 Cement tonne 5

11 Formwork m2 800

12 Iron tile piece 100

13 Backfilling soil m3 5,000

14 Bentonite tonne 18.5

12. Equipment and vehicle for the subproject are presented in Table 3.

Table 3: List of Equipment and Vehicle

No. Content Unit Quality

I Equipment

1 Pipe jacking machine Set 2

2 Slurry separation machine item 2

3 Electric generator item 2

4 Submersible pump item 12

II Vehicle

1 Forklift 1

2 Excavator 2

3 16-tonne Crane 2

4 Soil unload truck 6

5 Piling machine for steel sheet piles 2

6 Flatbed truck 1

13. Associated facilities include worker camp, material storage areas, and disposal areas as follows:

• Workers’ camp

- Location: Borey Perfect, 7 Road 66, No.3, Taphul Village, Sangkat Svay Dangkum, Siem Reap City

- Capacity/size: 30 persons

• Pre-cast Site: The pump station at the downstream ending point will be used as the temporary site for the production of pre-cast components

• Material Storage Areas:

- The construction materials: are stored at the wastewater treatment plant compound (an area of about 1,500 m2 has been set aside) with only what is being used being stored temporarily at the working pit enclosure during construction. As the excavation and pipe laying moves to the upstream end (along Sivatha Road), temporary storage along the river bank will be permitted by the PIU.




- The plant and equipment are generally stored at site on Country Road Wat Chowk about 900 m west of the pump station. The site area is around 2,000 m2

.

• Disposal Areas: The disposal of excavated material and area will be used for filling in with waste material, spoils from the construction process. Some of the excavated material is given to nearby villagers who request it for general site fill on their properties and it is also being used for road improvement at the request of village heads. A small amount of excavated material may also stockpiled temporarily at the same site as the plant and equipment.




B. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

14. The construction phase of the Subproject is expected to last for a period of 18 months from April 2019 to August 2020 following the detail schedule presented Table 4 below:

Table 4: Construction activities schedule

No. Work Section/Task Start Date Finish Date

1 W43-W42, W44, W41-W42, W40 15 Apr 2019 24 Jun 2019

2 construction preparation 15 Apr 2019 19 Apr 019

3 working pit construction 20 Apr 2019 9 May 2019

4 pipe jacking 10 May 2019 5 Jun 2019

5 access maintenance manhole construction 6 Jun 2019 17 Jun 2019

6 backfill and road reinstatement 18 Jun 2019 24 Jun 2019

7 W39-W38, W40, W37-W38, W36 20 Apr 2019 29 Jun 2019

8 construction preparation 20 Apr 2019 23 Apr 2019

9 working pit construction 24 Apr 2019 13 May 2019

10 pipe jacking 14 May 2019 12 Jun 2019

11 access maintenance manhole construction 13 Jun 2019 22 Jun 2019

12 backfill and road reinstatement 23 Jun 2019 29 Jun 2019

13 W35-W34, W36, W33-W32, W34 20 May 2019 26 Jul 2019

14 construction preparation 20 May 2019 23 May 2019

15 working pit construction 24 May 2019 14 Jun 2019

16 pipe jacking 15 Jun 2019 9 Jul 2019

17 access maintenance manhole construction 10 Jul 2019 20 Jul 2019

18 backfill and road reinstatement 21 Jul 2019 26 Jul 2019

19 W31-W32, W30, W29-W30, W28 20 Jun 2019 26 Aug 2019

20 construction preparation 20 Jun 2019 23 Jun 2019

21 working pit construction 24 Jun 2019 12 Jul 2019

22 pipe jacking 14 Jul 2019 7 Aug 2019

23 access maintenance manhole construction 8 Aug 2019 18 Aug 2019

24 backfill and road reinstatement 19 Aug 2019 26 Aug 2019

25 W27-W28, W26, W25-W26, W24 20 Jul 2019 23 Sep 2019

26 construction preparation 20 Jul 2019 22 Jul 2019

27 working pit construction 23 Jul 2019 11 Aug 2019

28 pipe jacking 12 Aug 2019 6 Sep 2019

29 access maintenance manhole construction 7 Sep 2019 16 Sep 2019

30 backfill and road reinstatement 17 Sep 2019 23 Sep 2019

31 W23-W24, W22, W21-W20, W22 20 Aug 2019 29 Oct 2019

32 construction preparation 20 Aug 2019 23 Aug 2019

33 working pit construction 25 Aug 2019 13 Sep 2019

34 pipe jacking 15 Sep 2019 10 Oct 2019

35 access maintenance manhole construction 11 Oct 2019 21 Oct 2019

36 backfill and road reinstatement 22 Oct 2019 29 Oct 2019

37 W19-W20, W18, W16-W17, W15 20 Sep 2019 3 Dec 2019

38 construction preparation 20 Sep 2019 23 Sep 2019

39 working pit construction 24 Sep 2019 15 Oct 2019

40 pipe jacking 16 Oct 2019 13 Nov 2019

41 access maintenance manhole construction 14 Nov 2019 26 Nov 2019

42 backfill and road reinstatement 27 Nov 2019 3 Dec 2019

43 W14-W15, W13, W12-W11, W13 20 Oct 2019 31 Dec 2019




No. Work Section/Task Start Date Finish Date

44 construction preparation 20 Oct 2019 23 Oct 2019

45 working pit construction 24 Oct 2019 15 Nov 2019

46 pipe jacking 18 Nov 2019 12 Dec 2019

47 access maintenance manhole construction 13 Dec 2019 24 Dec 2019

48 backfill and road reinstatement 25 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2019

49 W10-W11, W09, W08-W07, W09 20 Nov 2019 31 Jan 2020

50 construction preparation 20 Nov 2019 25 Nov 2019

51 working pit construction 26 Nov 2019 17 Dec 2019

52 pipe jacking 18 Dec 2019 10 Jan 2020

53 access maintenance manhole construction 13 Jan 2020 22 Jan 2020

54 backfill and road reinstatement 23 Jan 2020 31 Jan 2020

55 W06-W07, W05, W04-W03, W05 20 Dec 2019 26 Feb 2020

56 construction preparation 20 Dec 2019 21 Dec 2019

57 working pit construction 22 Dec 2019 10 Jan 2020

58 pipe jacking 13 Jan 2020 8 Feb 2020

59 access maintenance manhole construction 10 Feb 2020 19 Feb 2020

60 backfill and road reinstatement 20 Feb 2020 26 Feb 2020

61 W02-W01, W03 20 Jan 2020 25 Mar 2020

62 construction preparation 20 Jan 2020 23 Jan 2020

63 working pit construction 24 Jan 2020 14 Feb 2020

64 pipe jacking 15 Feb 2020 6 Mar 2020

65 access maintenance manhole construction 7 Mar 2020 17 Mar 2020

66 backfill and road reinstatement 18 Mar 2020 25 Mar 2020

67 Acceptance 26 Mar 2020 10 Apr 2020




C. EMP AIMS AND STRUCTURE

15. This updated EMP is based on detailed engineering design and sets out measures based on identified impacts in the IEE to avoid or mitigate the negative impacts on environment. Measures covers the different phases of the subproject as follow: pre-construction, construction and operation. It outlines mitigation and other measures that will be undertaken to ensure compliance with ADB SPS and national environmental regulations to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts.

16. The EMP has been structured, in accordance with ADB’s format as follows:

- Section 1: Introduction

- Section 2: Institutional Arrangement and Responsibility

- Section 3: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts (incl. Public Consultation and GRM)

- Section 4: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

- Section 5: Monitoring Plan

- Section 6: Budget for EMP implementation

- Section 7: Emergency response plan

- Section 8: Institutional capacity review and needs

- Annexes




II. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & RESPONSIBILITIES

17. The management framework overseeing the implementation of the environmental management plan (EMP) is defined as below:

18. Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) is the Implementing Agency for the wastewater and septage management improvement and for Siem Reap interceptor sewer replacement subprojects.

19. A Project Management Unit (PMU) formed in the General Department of Public Works within MPWT for the wastewater/septage subprojects has full-time staff to execute and manage the Project, and oversees the implementation of the subproject in Siem Reap. PIUs are established in the DPWTs at Battambang and Siem Reap, with responsibility for daily oversight and supervision of subproject implementation.

20. In accordance with the PAM, the PMU will include the following staff of relevance to environmental and social management: Social Safeguards Officer, Environmental Safeguards Officer, and Gender Officer. The responsibilities of the PMU are summarized as follows: (i) project management; (ii) assistance with bid preparation; (iii) assistance with technical designs for extended networks; (iv) coordinating with other agencies and relevant projects; (v) procurement; (vi) contract supervision; (vii) project monitoring; (viii) project reporting; (ix) supervision of training activities; (x) managing of workshops; (xi) supervision of PIAC; (xii) financial management of Project; (xiii) supervision of PIUs; (xiv) communication with all stakeholders.

21. The role and responsibility of the PMU for implementation of environmental requirements in accordance with the PAM are presented in the table below.

22. The Project Implementation Agency (PIU) is established in the Provincial Department of Public Works (DPWT) in the project towns. The PIUs will according to the PAM include a Social and Environmental Safeguards Officer.

23. Responsibilities of the PIU include: (i) monitoring and reporting monthly to PMU on project progress; (ii) contract supervision; (iii) liaison with PIAC and PMU in implementation of training programs; (iv) coordinating with other provincial agencies; and (v) community communication.

24. Project Implementation Assistance Consultant (PIAC): The PIAC assists the PMUs ensuring that contractor prepare their respective contractor’s EMP (C-EMP) based on the SPS-compliant EMP and actual site conditions and in evaluating the CEMP; guide the PMU and PIU in supervising, monitoring and reporting EMP implementation during construction and operation.

25. The role and responsibility of the PIAC for implementation of environmental requirements in accordance with the PAM are presented in the table below.

26. Contractor: The subproject is implemented as design and building contract for design, supply and installation of replacement interceptor sewer in Siem Reap. The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to protect the environment (both on and off the site) and to limit damage and nuisance to people and property resulting from pollution, noise, and other results of his operations. The Contractor shall ensure that emissions, surface discharges, and effluent from the Contractor’s activities shall not exceed the values stated prescribed by Cambodia Laws.

27. The role and responsibility of the Contractor for implementation of environmental requirements in accordance with the PAM are presented in the table below.

28. The PMU, PIU, designated PMU Environment Safeguards Officer and PIU Social and Environmental Safeguards Officer with assistance from the PIAC ensure that the EMP is part of




the construction contract, that the EMP is implemented, and that the contractor(s) abide by the EMP.

29. The ADB is responsible for monitoring to ensure subproject meets the environmental safeguards of the SPS (2009). ADB is to review the project’s progress reports and semi-annual environmental safeguards monitoring reports and undertaking review missions to ensure the project is implemented in line with project environmental safeguard requirements, SPS (2009) and Royal Government of Cambodia regulations and guidelines.

30. The PIU supported by the PIAC Environment Consultants will provide environmental inputs for the quarterly project progress reports and prepare semi-annual safeguard monitoring reports. The PMU is responsible for submittal of reports to the EA and ADB.

31. The roles and responsibilities for Environmental Management as presented in the PAM are summarized in Table 5 below:

Table 5: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management

Entity Environmental Roles and Responsibilities

PMU i. Responsible for project management, coordination, monitoring and supervision, including ensuring implementation of environmental mitigation and monitoring measures;

ii. Ensure timely submission for Government approvals related to environmental management;

iii. Ensure that the project’s environmental management plans included in the IEEs are incorporated in the bidding documents and contract documents for all civil works;

iv. Review and approval of designs prepared by Contractors for works procured as Design and Build contracts;

v. Ensure EMPs are updated following detailed engineering design, as necessary; vi. Review the CEMPs prepared by the Contractors for compliance with standards set in

the EMP, instruct revisions as necessary, and approve prior to commencement of construction

vii. Ensure public disclosure of relevant project information and ongoing public consultation as per the EMP requirements;

viii. Co-ordinate and report on the project specific safeguards GRM, ensure that necessary actions to resolve complaints are taken, documented and reported;

ix. Ensure monitoring of environmental parameters specified in the EMPs; x. Ensure compliance with loan covenants in accordance with agreed formats and

frameworks; xi. Oversee monthly environmental monitoring of the project and submit semi-annual

environmental monitoring reports to ADB for disclosure on ADB’s website; xii. Oversee project compliance with relevant national and provincial requirements and co-

ordinate with the relevant agencies; xiii. Review and validate semi-annual environmental monitoring reports prepared with the

assistance of the PIAC; xiv. Lead follow-up consultation meetings with relevant institutions, stakeholders and

affected persons on environmental issues; xv. With the assistance of the PIAC, undertake regular construction site inspections and

oversee implementation of the CEMPs by contractors;

PIAC i. For works procured as Design and Build contracts, review designs in detail, checking for compliance with requirements in the EMPs, and advise PMU of any necessary revisions to the IEE and EMP prior to approval;




Entity Environmental Roles and Responsibilities

ii. Support PMUs with update of IEEs/EMPs following detailed engineering design; iii. Check Bill of Quantities to ensure Contractors made adequate provisions for

environmental mitigation and monitoring; iv. On behalf of PMUs and working with PIUs supervise the civil works packages and

implementation of EMP mitigation and monitoring measures.

PIAC Environment Specialists

(International and National)

i. Review the detailed designs prepared for each subproject for compliance with the EMPs prepared during the PPTA. Update the IEEs and EMPs to reflect changes, modifications and additions that have potential impacts during construction and operation phases of the subprojects.

ii. Examine the CEMPs prepared by contractors for compliance with the EMP and advise PMU of revisions that need to be incorporated prior to approval and commencement of civil works;

iii. Ensure that all associated project facilities have the required permits prior to commencement of civil works;

iv. Brief PIAC engineering and PIU supervision staff on EMP provisions and provide checklists to ensure that they will be able to adequately supervise on a day-to-day basis the contractors and subcontractors about proper and timely implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP;

v. Monitor implementation of environmental mitigation measures and environmental performance of contractors based on the EMP schedule and assist MPWT in the preparation of semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for submission to ADB;

vi. Undertake training for the MPWT/PMU and PIU staff on environmental management and monitoring, to build their capacity in these areas. The training will be implemented through on-the-job training and workshops based on the provisions of the EMP; and

vii. Ensure that the affected stakeholders and sensitive receptors (e.g. hospitals, schools, and temples) are regularly updated on project activities and are aware of the multiple entry points to the project safeguards GRM.

Construction Contractor

i. Prepare detailed designs for the subproject in compliance with the EMPs ii. Appoint an Environment, Health and Safety Officer to manage, monitor and report on

EMP implementation; iii. Prepare site-specific CEMP containing the method statements for compliance with

environmental management standards in the EMPs; iv. Allocate sufficient funding for proper and timely implementation of environmental

mitigation and monitoring measures; v. Conduct daily inspection of the site and ensure the implementation of the CEMP during

the construction phase; vi. Prepare/submit monthly reports on mitigation and monitoring activities to the PMUs

through the PIAC; and vii. Act as the local entry point for the project GRM, conduct immediate investigation of any

complaint, report all complaints and their resolution to the PMUs. Ensure the timely and appropriate resolution of the complaint or incident in accordance with the GRM.

ADB i. Monitor and supervise the overall environmental performance of the project, review the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports and disclose the reports on ADB website in accordance with ADB Public Communications Policy (2011); and

ii. Conduct missions to review environmental compliance and provide advice on corrective actions.




III. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

A. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

32. The potential impacts of the Siem Reap Replacement Interceptor Sewer Subproject from the IEE are summarized in the Table below. The IEE indicates that potential environmental impacts of the infrastructure developments are primarily construction related and can be effectively mitigated.

33. Sensitive areas: There is no protected areas and no cultural heritage locate near the project, there are some sensitive areas located in along the project alignment, which may be affected by the subproject are as follows (significant aspects in brackets):

• Old Market: located between manhole No 6, No 7 and No 8 (access and dust)

• School: Gold primary school locates near manhole No 18-19, and Build Bright university locates near manhole No. 16-17 (access, noise, and dust)

• Service Station: Depot Tela service station is located on the right site at manhole No. 25, and Tata service station is located near manhole No. 21 (access)

• Drainage canal: the canal runs along the subproject alignment from manhole No. 15 to No. 27 (water quality – silt/sediments, accidental spill)

• Pagoda: Chowk Pagoda located near manhole No. 27 (access, noise, and dust).

Table 6: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts

Item Potential Environmental Impacts

Significance Impact

A Pre-construction phase

1 Resettlement - permanent

No impact No permanent resettlement issues as 3.7 km pipe and related construction activities are taking place on public land (Sankat Svay Dankum) and the construction will be in the right-of-way and mostly near the central line of the existing road

2 Resettlement - temporary

Low Land for material storage areas and worker camps and casting

yards are as follows:

▪ Casting yard is being established in the Siem Reap wastewater pumping station,

▪ Workers’ camp for professional staff and 30 foreign laborers is located at No 3, Street 66, Siem Reap. Local workers will stay near the project area and go home after working time.

▪ Ductile iron pipes will be stored at Siem Reap Wastewater Treatment Plant

▪ Other materials will be stored at the location with 2,000 m2 on the Wat Chowk road





Significance Impact

▪ This land is used during construction time and then restored and returned to its owners.

3 Threat to public safety, injured worker or public

Moderate

▪ Construction workplaces are on the roadbed and it should encroach 4 m in among 6 m of width road. Vehicles and pedestrian will be difficult to get through in a small remaining space of the road, especially in bustling section of the urban center.

▪ Traffic disruption and risks for pedestrians having to go through construction zones due to lack of space on the roads, disturbed ground surfaces and excavations, operation of machinery and construction activities.

▪ Roadside furniture, warning systems and lighting will be temporarily removed and restored later.

B Construction phase

1 Air quality and dust emissions

Moderate ▪ Dust from excavation and backfilling: These activities will generate localized, short-term dust nuisance especially when windy.

▪ Dust from material and spoils transportation

▪ Exhaust fumes from operation of equipment and machinery.

2 Construction noise and vibration

Moderate

▪ Noise and vibration from construction: There is about 12 machines and equipment which will be mobilized on site. Some of them will strongly generate vibration including pipe jacking machine, piling machine. While others generate strong noise such as electric generator, excavator, crane and truck.

▪ Noise and vibration from transportation: Noise and vibration also generate from trucks mobilized for material and spoils transportation.

▪ Noise from casting yards: The casting yard located in the Siem Reap Wastewater Pumping Station and isolated with the residential area. Noise from the area slightly impact to local people living around.

3 Spoils generation

Moderate

▪ Total excavated soil and mud is about 115,174 m3.

▪ This spoil will be transported by truck to the disposal areas.

4 Generation of solid waste

Moderate ▪ Domestic waste from worker camp: Domestic waste generated from workers’ camps usually includes organic waste, paper, carton box, fecal waste. There is an estimated workforce of 30 people estimated to generate 15 kg of domestic waste a day. This should be collected and managed by a registered service provider and disposed at a licensed dumpsite to avoid water, soil pollution and sanitation issues in surrounding worker camps.





Significance Impact

6

Pollution due to spills of fuel and other hazardous substances

Low ▪ Potential spills during refueling. Hazardous wastes are mostly oily contaminated waste. Oil and grease discharged from equipment and vehicle maintenance and repairs. Estimated a construction equipment or vehicle will

discharge about of 5-:101 liters for one time of grease and oil replacement in every 3 months. The oily waste volume discharged from 32 equipment and vehicles is 160 to 3,200 liters in every 3 month.

▪ This waste can leak and spill to surrounding environment and make harm for ecology system if process of storing, loading and uploading, and transportation are unregulated.

7 Water quality

Moderate ▪ Runoff water from casting yard and construction areas: Rainy water can run through these areas and sweep away pollutants and materials to these rivers and canal.

▪ Waste water from worker camp: Total waste water per day will be around 2,400 liters. This waste water has a high organic substance. However, this campsite is located in the Siem Reap city and its wastewater will be collected by the collection system of the city.

8

Existing facilities

Moderate ▪ Existing structures/facilities such as underground structures, above-ground structures near the trenches, trees, power transmission poles, telecom poles, underground pipelines, etc. may affected by the construction activities.

▪ Some public assets including electric pole (2), electric line (3 places), electric underground, drainage (3), water supply pipe (underground), telecommunication line (underground) will be affected during the civil work for working pit.

9

Traffic congestion

and road safety

Moderate ▪ Traffic congestion caused by: construction works crossing of main roads with high density traffic flow, equipment and vehicles coming in and out from the construction sites, material storage areas and casting yards, and excavations.

▪ Road safety might be affected due to changes in road conditions, loss of roadside furniture, warning systems and lightning.

10

The risks of occupational and community health and safety due to

Moderate ▪ Electricity use: The subproject will install power transformers in the areas to supply electricity for construction activities including casting, cutting and welding. Electric equipment, line system and electric line at the site are often very complicated, it shall easily cause electrifying or leaking out and lead to electric shock to

1 Seminar on Management and Maintenance for the Inland Waterways from 28-30/01/2015 organised by Vietnam

Inland Waterways Administration under Northern Delta Transport Development Project (NDTDP) funded by World Bank





Significance Impact

construction works

worker-men and surrounding local people if there is lack of safety measures. Electric leakage causing explosion and fire is also risk to construction safety.

▪ Construction site: Due attention should be given to the safety issues in order to avoid the risks of accidents possible to happen to the workers at the construction site as well as to the residents in the project area especially the children.

▪ Equipment mobilization: Unreasonable mobilization of equipment, plants and materials and not applying of safeguard measures at the construction site or appropriate preventive and warning measures could increase the risks of stumbling and accidents to the residents.

▪ Noxious gas in Pit: Noxious gas in pit or improper ventilation is inclinable to cause suffocation accident of operating crew

▪ HIV/AIDS: Workers present in site is estimated about 50 people. Influx of construction workers may lead to an increase in prevalence of HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases.

11 Impact on cultural heritage

Low ▪ There is no cultural heritage is affected by the project and no APSARA approval has been required.

12 Impact to cultural heritage

Low ▪ Flora: No vegetation in the subproject area are affected by the subproject

▪ Fauna: Affected animal in the subproject area are mostly aquatic animals including fish, shrimp, crab and frogs. Pollutants from runoff water of material areas and construction areas might harm for these aquatic animals.

C Operation phase

1

Risk of failure or defects causing release of effluent from the pipe

Moderate ▪ Risk of failure of sewage pipes would cause release of untreated sewage and release into waterways, entailing human health hazards.

2

Pollution of groundwater, land, or surface waters from leaking pipes

Moderate ▪ Risk of pollution due to lack of trainings in O&M, inspections of the sites, obstruction to access for inspections





Significance Impact

3

Operator occupational health and safety Community health and safety hazards

Moderate ▪ Lack of trainings and awareness in H&S during O&M could result in health and safety risks for O&M Staffs and surrounding communities

▪ H&S risks during O&M could take place during entrance into man-holes, traffic risks, issues with hazardous atmosphere (gas) and confined space.




B. PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

34. The public consultation process is presented in Table 7 below:

Table 7: Public consultation process

Activity Participant Expected result Schedule Cost

Pre-construction phase

Consult local managerial levels about conditions of construction sites

PMU, PIU, local affected people, local authorities and relevant agencies

Information about the potential impacts on environment and proposed mitigation measures

During design updating period

Under these Sub-projects, costs are covered in the survey cost

Construction phase

Disseminate information to local community via public loudspeakers, announcements on newspapers

Community, PMU, PIU, local environmental officers, Contractors

Informing communities about construction activities, works schedules, potential negative impacts on environment, environmental management measures and how to use the community grievance line.

During the construction phase

Covered by the counterpart fund (PMU is responsible for payment).

Community redress mechanism is established by the PMU

Community, PMU, PIU, Contractors

PMU, PIU and Contractors shall have to reply to during the all complaints, questions or concerns of local construction communities, faculties and students about the phase works.

35. The stakeholder consultation strategy was developed as part of the IEE submitted in June 2017. Consultations took place at PPTA stage (June 2017) and conceptual design stage (September 2018) as well as at the detailed engineering design stage (May 2019) and since Construction started (June 2019).

Consultation during subproject design

36. Consultation began early in the project preparation stage with visits to the subproject sites and discussions with the provincial officers relating to the consultants who prepared the pre-engineering designs. Consultations were organized to occur in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion, was gender inclusive and enabled the incorporation of all relevant views into the project design and arrangements for implementation. The consultation involved Ministry of Public




Works and Transport (MPWT) and their provincial agencies and utility operators, and local municipal and sangkat/commune officials and village representatives.

37. Transparent consultation processes were also adopted for public village meetings during the socio-economic surveys (SES) and focus group discussions (FGDs) and during subsequent public meetings to explain the pre-engineering designs and for disclosure of land acquisition and resettlement and the likely environmental and social impacts. The environmental considerations have therefore been identified with the provincial authorities, the commune/sangkat authorities and their communities. The information made available includes the specific activities, schedules, anticipated environment and social impacts and mitigation measures and monitoring processes. Comment received during the village meetings and the other discussions with respect to environmental concerns have been incorporated into the mitigation measures proposed for detailed design and implementation. All persons met have been informed about the subproject in general and the environmental aspects in particular. House to house consultants with the local residents and interviews with Sangkat Councils and relevant provincial department were held during field visits in September 2018 by the Study Team together with the MPWT and DPWT representatives.

38. For the Siem Reap subproject, at preliminary design stage, the main concerns expressed in the socio-economic surveys (during which interviewed 253 people, including 150 men and 103 women) related to disruption to business and livelihood, traffic congestion and disruption to property access as follows: (i) road access (6%); (ii) affected business (20%); (iii) problems with traffic (12%); (iv) difficulty in accessing road (8%); (v) difficulties in managing business (3%); and, (vi) difficulty in moving back and forth.

Follow up consultations (Design-Build stage)

39. The Environmental Safeguard Specialist and the Social Safeguards and Resettlement Specialist conducted another round of consultations in May 2019. These included (1) house to house consult with residents of the project area, (2) face to face interviews with chief of sangkat, sankat councils and chief of village, (3) public consultation meeting with Sangkat, chief of all village (Svay Dangkum Sangkat), relevant provincial department and AHs.

40. The primary concern of the public of the subproject in Siem Reap that were highlighted during the third round of consultation (May 2019) related to traffic jam, business disruption, noise and public assets disturbances (i.e. electric lines, water supply pipes, telecommunication line etc..).these will be carefully considered and any complaints handled during construction. .

41. Consultations will continue to take place throughout construction, and operation of completed subproject components in Siem Reap and any concern will be reported upon in the environmental and social safeguards monitoring reports (monthly, quarterly, semi-annual).

42. The detailed engineering design of the sewage system was completed in February 2019 and was followed in May 2019 by a third round of public consultation (including information meetings, discussion with relevant departments and local authorities, house-to-house consultation with residents living along both sides of the alignment areas etc.). The main concerns that were raised related to traffic jam, business disruption, noise and public assets disturbances (i.e. electric lines, water supply pipes, telecommunication line etc.).




C. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

43. The GRM comprises: (i) a set of clear procedures for the project to receive, record, and address any concerns which are raised; (ii) specific contact details for individuals at the commune chief, PMUs, PIUs or contractors. The objective the Grievance Redress Mechanism is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible and at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. This section presents the information and arrangement appeal procedures regarding eligibility and entitlements.

44. Grievance redress mechanism addresses both informally and formally raised grievances. Informally, an AP can approach the Contractor (during construction) or the Operator (during operation) directly to lodge complaint either by him/herself or with assistance from a third party of his/her choice.

45. A Provincial grievance redress committee (PGRC) is established for the Siem Reap province and in charge of any GRM for the subproject. The committee’s contact details are included in Table 8. The PGRC has the power, at the administrative level, to make binding decisions on the resolution of eligible complaints. Details of the GRC are included in the Project Information Booklets (PIBs) and distributed to affected communities during the consultations. The GRM guidelines, including procedures and forms in Khmer language are distributed as an attachment to the PIB. The PGRC comprises the members presented in the following table.

Table 8: Provincial Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

No. Name Position Telephone

1 Pin Prakod Vice Governor, Siem Reap province, Chair 095-666-678

2 Sok Thol Administrator Director, Siem Reap province, Vice Chair 012-902-299

3 Ky Vavin Director, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport, Siem Reap province, Vice Chair

012-831-385

4 Khud Vudyarith Director, Water Supply Authority, Siem Reap province, member

012-827-474

5 Hen Puthy Vice Director Administrator, Siem Reap province, member 012-931-714

6 Nuon Puthyra Governor, Siem Reap province, member 012-981-515

7 Hy Say Director, Provincial Department of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction, member

012-569-798

8 Nuon Krisna Director, Provincial Department of Water Resource and Meteorology, member

012-890-133

9 Sok Seyha Director, Provincial Department of Post and Telecommunication, member

012-940-683

10 Sun Kong Director, Provincial Department of Environment, member 012-755-550

11 Ngov Seng Kak Director, Provincial Department of Tourism, member 012-509-008

12 Eung Sophorn Director, Director of Inter-Sector Provincial Department, member

011-876-393

13 Hea Hav Sang Svay Dangkum Chief, member 092-904-199

46. The graph in Figure 4 explains the flow from AP lodging of a complaint and the different steps depending on the response given by competent authorities/institutions.




Figure 4: GRM Flow Chart

47. The grievances will be handled thorough a 4 Step formal approach detailed below. First Step (Village or Commune Level): APs/ AHs can present their complaints or grievances verbally or in writing to the Village or Commune Chief or Contractor and project directly. The Village or Commune Chief will be obliged to provide immediate written confirmation of receiving the complaint and also to advise project. If after 15 days the aggrieved APs do not hear from the Village or Commune Chief, or if they are not satisfied with the decision taken by the first stage, they may bring the complaint to the District Office. Second Step (District Level): The District office has 15 days within which to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all concerned. If the complaints cannot be solved in this stage, the district office will bring the case to the Provincial Grievance Redress Committee. Third Step (Provincial Level): The Provincial Grievance Redress Committee meets with the aggrieved party and tries to resolve the complaint. Within 30 days of the submission




of the grievance, the Committee must make a written decision and submit a copy of the same to the project, and the AH. Fourth step (Court of Law): If the complainant does not hear from the PGRC or is not satisfied, he/she can bring the case to Provincial Court. The Court will make a written decision and submit copies to the executing agency. If any party is still unsatisfied with the Provincial Court judgment, he/she can bring the case to a higher-level court. However, MPWT where is the project located are responsible for participating/witnessing in all steps.

48. At any time, an AP may contact ADB (Southeast Asia Department) directly, including the ADB Cambodia Resident Mission.

49. If the above steps are unsuccessful, persons who are, or may in the future be, adversely affected by the project may submit complaints to ADB’s Accountability Mechanism2. The Accountability Mechanism provides an independent forum and process whereby people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice, and seek a resolution of their problems, as well as report alleged violations of ADB operational policies and procedures. The Accountability Mechanism is a last resort mechanism. Project-affected persons are encouraged to first address the issue with available grievance mechanisms at the project level, and they are required to make good faith efforts to address the issue with the relevant ADB operations department prior to submitting complaints to the Accountability Mechanism.

50. In addition, the grievance redress mechanism dealing with the environmental impacts during construction will also be established with grievance logs maintained at the contractor’s office and records kept on the grievances received per type and their status. The information about both mechanisms will be circulated during various consultation events throughout the project cycle, including those that will be conducted during the detailed design stage.

2 https://www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/how-file-complaint

https://www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/how-file-complaint



EMP for Siem Reap Wastewater Subproject 29

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN

51. The EMP mitigation measures are specified in Table 9. The plan identifies potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures, responsible parties, location, and timing for Pre-construction, construction and operation phases for the Siem Reap subproject.

Table 9: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Subproject

Activity

Potential

Environmenta

l Impacts

Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing Activity

Reporting

Responsibility

Supervision Implementation

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Material storage

areas, worker

camp

Resettlement -

temporary 1. The Contractor will coordinate with related

authority and local people to undertake inventory for the loss of land and asset;

2. The Contractor will negotiate with local people for compensation base on the loss and time for occupation.

Material

storages

areas,

Worker

camp,

Before

constructio

n

Monthly PIA, PMU Contractor

Equipment

transportation

Threat to

Public safety 3. Provide warning signs indicating the works

with 500 m distance from worksite.

4. Provide signals and/or flag controls, adequate lighting, fencing, signage and road diversions.

5. Contractor responsible for maintaining uninterrupted access by always keeping at least one lane open

Constructio

n area,

connection

roads

Before

constructio

n, during

constructio

n

daily PIA, PMU Contractor

UXO survey, &

removal

Threats to

surrounding

communities

and workers

safety

6. Consultation with local authorities, municipality or government agencies, Sangkat, and village chiefs has not identified any potential risk of UXO. Where unexpected UXO are encountered work is to cease and clearance and decontamination is to be undertaken by a registered agency / Cambodia Maine Action Center (CMAC) to conduct demining survey.

All

constructio

n sites.

Beginning

of

subproject

Once EA/GoC Contractor GoC

and CMAC




Subproject

Activity

Potential

Environmenta

l Impacts


Reporting

Responsibility


CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Transportation construction material and spoils; Produce construction materials; Construction activities; Operation construction equipment and vehicle

Air quality and dust emissions

7. When entering and exiting the construction area, the contractors has to wash vehicles at appropriate location.

8. Dust suppression by water spraying: the Contractor will frequently spray water on the access road to reduce dust concentration in the air, in particular in dry weather and to dampen all materials during dry and windy weather. Due attention to sensitive receptors (incl. Old Market, Gold Primary School, Chowk Pagoda).

9. Establish dust screens around construction pits and manholes and at sensitive receptors (incl. Old Market, Gold Primary School, Chowk Pagoda).

10. Dump trucks transporting raw materials to and from the site shall be covered by tarpaulins, or other acceptable types of cover, to prevent debris and/or materials falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s).

11. Position any stationary emission sources (e.g., portable diesel generators, compressors, etc.) is about 100 m far from sensitive receptors including school and residential area;

12. Conduct periodic checking of all equipment and machinery on site and make all necessary corrections and/or repair to ensure compliance with safety and air pollution requirements and properly record checking, correction results.

13. Provide sufficient personal safety devices such as face mask, gloves and protective clothes to protect workers.

Constructio

n areas,

material

storage

areas

During

constructio

n

daily PIAC, PMU, PIU Contractor




14. Daily cleaning of road surfaces of debris/spills from construction equipment, haulage trucks and vehicles.

15. Daily visual inspections to identify and address potential areas of dust and odor emissions with due attention to sensitive receptors (incl. Old Market, Gold Primary School, Chowk Pagoda).

Transportation; Operation equipment and vehicle

Construction noise and vibration

16. The Contractor will use only vehicles and equipment that are registered and have necessary permits.

17. Erection of temporary wall around the construction sites material storage area and around construction pits and manholes. The wall is made by steel sheet with 2.4 m height.

18. Establish temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas. Evaluate the need for a noise barrier or acoustic fence at the sensitive receptors (incl. Gold Primary School and Chowk Pagoda).

19. Machines which generate the noise level of over >55 dBA at night (from 22:00 to 6:00) is strictly prohibited along section

Constructio

n areas,

transportati

on roads

During

constructio

n


Excavation Spoils generation

20. Spoil disposal will only be to local authorities approved areas or agreement with the community/land owner;

21. Trucks transporting spoils shall be tightly covered with tarpaulin or other suitable materials to minimize dust emission and spills.

22. Road surfaces shall be regularly cleaned of spilled spoils.

Constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n


Domestic activities; Construction activities

Generation of solid wastes

23. Provide garbage bins and facilities within the project sites for temporary storage of construction waste and domestic solid waste.

Worker

camp,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n





24. Separate solid waste into hazardous, non-hazardous and reusable waste streams and store temporarily on site in secure facilities with weatherproof flooring and roofing, security fencing and access control and drainage/ wastewater collection systems.

25. Ensure that wastes are not haphazardly dumped within the project site and adjacent areas

26. Undertake regular collection and disposal of wastes to sites approved by local authorities.

Domestic Construction activities; Produce construction materials

Pollution due to spills of fuel and other hazardous substances

27. Store fuel and hazardous substances in paved areas with embankment. If spills or leaks do occur, undertake immediate clean up. Undertake refueling on sealed surface. No refueling near the drainage canal.

28. Ensure availability of spill clean-up materials (e.g., absorbent pads, etc.) specifically designed for petroleum products and other hazardous substances where such materials are being stored.

29. Train relevant construction personnel in handling of fuels and spill control procedures.

30. Ensure all storage containers are in good condition with proper labelling.

31. Store hazardous materials above flood level.

32. Discharge of oil contaminated water shall be prohibited.

Material

storage

areas,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n


Construction activities; Produce construction materials

Water quality 33. Runoff water from material storage areas: The

casting yard will construct bunds around and direct all runoff to stilling basins before release into the environment through a silt fence. Use silt fence at drainage canal during construction works at the canal.

Material

storage

areas,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n





34. Provide adequate facilities in the site including latrines, holding areas and garbage cans. Waste from latrines will be collected and treated properly through an economic contract with local environmental co-operatives/companies.

35. Disposal of solid wastes into canals, stream, other watercourses, agricultural field and public areas shall be prohibited.

Excavation activities, Construction activates

Existing facilities

36. The contractor should work together with the relevant departments to ensure that any expected disruption to public assets will be communicated prior to construction.

37. Before excavation, the Contactors shall be carried out investigation underground structures, above-ground structures near the trenches, trees, power transmission poles, telecom poles, underground pipelines, etc. to determine the excavation section, stockpiling location, and construction roads and equipment and formulate construction plans.

38. If any underground utility is damaged, it is necessary to close the upstream valve immediately, contact the owner, maintain and treat timely

39. Contractor responsible to reinstate any damaged pavement and driveways (and sidewalks if any).

40. The contractor will be fully responsible for the removing, rebuilding, reinstallation and maintenance of affected public assets.

Location of

Shafts,

working

pits, tunnel

During

constructio

n


Transportation activities; Loading and upload materials and spoils

Traffic congestion and road safety

41. The contractor prepare a traffic management plan and strictly implement approved the plan

42. Road traffic:

• Provide advance notification to the community regarding works schedule,

Transporta

tion routes,

Connection

road,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n





changes to public transport facilities or routes.

• Provide warning signs indicating the works with 500 m distance from worksite.

• Contractor responsible for maintaining uninterrupted access by always keeping at least one lane open.

• Contractor responsible to ensure business and residents have daily access.

• Contractor to ensure access for Gold Primary School, Depot Tela Service Station, and Chowk Pagoda.

43. Implement suitable safety measures to minimize risk of adverse interactions between construction works and traffic flows through provision of temporary signals or flag controls, lighting lamps, warning lights for traffic safety sign, construction warning board, traffic cones and water horses, fencing, signage and road diversions.

44. Regularly monitor traffic conditions along access roads to ensure that project vehicles are not causing congestion.

45. During construction, all constructors within the construction section should wear the vests with reflective signs and take batons in their hands.

Domestic activities; Construction activities; Produce construction materials;

The risks of occupational and community health and safety due to construction works

46. Electricity use:

• When installing, using and repairing electric equipment and electric system at the site, the regulation in “Safety power using in construction”

• Electrician as well as electric device operator must be trained and examined to get

Transporta

tion routes,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n





Transportation activities

qualified certificate on electricity safety technique.

• Noxious Gas in Pit: well maintenance and management of ventilation facilities; introduction of air blowers to enhance ventilation, and application of wind gauge and methane alarm detector to detect air volume and noxious gas.

47. Construction site:

• Strictly implement approved Occupational and Community Health and Safety Plan, and approved Emergency Response Plan.

• Conduct orientation for all workers on safety and environmental hygiene.

• Provide first aid kits that are readily accessible by workers.

• Provide appropriate personnel safety equipment such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothes, breathing mask, goggles, and ear protection

48. HIV/AIDS: The contractor should be required to:

• Screen all persons to be engaged on the project for HIV/AIDS as part of the induction of personnel to be engaged;

• Implement a HIV/AIDS awareness program as part of the occupational health and safety training provided to personnel on the project;

Construction

activities

Ecosystem 49. Flora: no impact to flora

50. Fauna: Undertake only the necessary clearing inside or outside the permanent way for the purpose of construction, operation or supply of materials to the road

Material

storage

areas,

constructio

n areas

During

constructio

n





Construction

activities

Impact on local

occupation and

income

51. Selecting the reasonable working time, when the construction is passing through sensitive areas such as: market, restaurant, hospital, and school. Should be not constructed in (peak hours or more activities).

52. Ensure daily access to markets, guesthouses, restaurants for reduce impact on their income. Ensure access is maintained throughout the construction period to Gold Primary School, Depot Tela Service Station, and Chowk Pagoda.

53. Try to finish construction works as soon as the construction work can do, when sections are blocked.

54. Provide construction work job opportunities to local people, especially affected people.

55. Contractor responsible to ensure business and residents have daily access.

Along the

project

alignment

During

constructio

n


Subproject

Activity

Potential

Environmenta

l Impacts


Reporting

Responsibility


OPERATION PHASE

Operation of

Wastewater

system

Operator

occupational

health and

safety

Community

health and

safety hazards

56. Operators trained to recognize risks and hazards

when entering for maintenance operations (i.e.

confined space training). operators trained to

recognize risks and hazards when entering for

maintenance operations (i.e. confined space

training, etc.).

57. Personal safety equipment (PPE) issued and worn. Health and safety recognized as primary employer responsibility.

Wastewate

r

Manageme

nt in Siem

Reap

Fulltime Biannual PDPWT




58. Ongoing inspection and maintenance to ensure

collection and treatment system, including the pipeline stays in good working order.

59. Operate a security system to regularly check perimeter fence and ensure it is effective to prevent members of the public and unauthorized visitors

Risk of failure

or defects

causing by

release of

effluent from

the pipe

Pollution of

groundwater,

land, or surface

waters from

leaking pipes

60. Ongoing inspection and maintenance of system to monitor leaks and any potential blockages

61. Ensure routine maintenance and system checks take place; training of O&M staff, provision of site log-books to record routine maintenance and checks. System of monitoring to ensure maintenance and checking take place.

Main trunk

interceptor

sewer

Periodic

ally

Biannual PDPWT




V. MONITORING PLAN

A. MONITORING ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

52. Environmental monitoring activities of the civil work include: (1) monitoring the EMP compliance, and (2) monitoring of environmental impacts caused by the Sub-project activities. Environmental impact monitoring will be implemented with major concentration on the construction phase.

(i) Environmental Performance Monitoring is conducted to evaluate compliance with standard operating procedures, national standards on environment and technical specifications. The main purpose of environmental performance monitoring is to ensure that all proposed mitigation measure will be applied by the contractors during the construction time.

(ii) Environmental impact monitoring is conducted to evaluate the impacts by the sub-project activities on ambient environmental quality.

53. Responsibilities and budget for environmental impact monitoring during the construction and operation phases are identified as follows.

▪ Construction phase

- All mitigation measures that belong to the contractor's responsibilities shall be implemented by the Contractor. The costs are included in the civil contract between construction contractor and PMU.

- The contractor shall bear the costs for environmental monitoring required to document compliance with environmental standards during the construction phase, including sample taking and analysis, and preparing reports.

▪ Operation phase

- During the operation and maintenance phase, the works operation and management unit will provide budget for implementing mitigation measures, capacity strengthening training, and staff salary.

54. The environmental monitoring plan for the EMP is provided in the Table 11 below. The purpose of the monitoring plan is to determine the effectiveness of the impact mitigations, and to document any unexpected positive or negative environmental impacts of the subproject. The monitoring plan focuses on the construction and post construction operation of the subproject components, and consists of environmental indicators, the sampling locations & frequency, method of data collection, and responsible parties, and estimated costs are tabled separately. The first response to any complaint or issue will be enforcement of management and mitigation measures. If an issue persists monitoring by the Ministry of Environment will be commissioned by the PIAC at the expense of the contractor.




Table 10: Environmental Monitoring Plans

Environmental Indicators

Location Means of

Monitoring Frequency Reporting

Responsibility Supervision /

Implementation


Construction

1. Setting up of project facilities consistent with the EMP.

Work area

Check Contractor’s facilities location plans / site visit

Prior to establishment of Contractor’s facilities (and when/if changed)

Once PIAC Contractor

2. Relocation of Public Facilities Assets coordinated with relevant departments

Work area Site visit, confirmation with relevant departments

Prior to start of work

For each event PIAC Contractor

3. Affected surface water quality TSS, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb,) total & fecal coliform, pH, DO, COD, BOD5, temperature, NH3, and other nutrient forms of N & P compared to standards specified in Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control, 1999 (No. 27 ANK.BK)

Rivers or streams close to construction/workers camp

Field sampling Using field and analytical methods approved by MOE; upstream and downstream.

In response to complaints and in cases of discharge adopt the following procedures. First response: enforcement of management and mitigation measures If issue persists monitoring by Ministry of Environment commissioned by the PIAC at the expense of the Contractor.


4. Implementation of construction phase

Work area

Site visit, interviews with

Quarterly (on a regular basis)






Location Means of



Implementation


environmental mitigation measures Note: Implementation of EMP measures monitoring should be done at least weekly by the contractors, and monthly by PIAC/SEU

local residents, coordination with concerned agencies (e.g. MCAFA, local traffic authorities, etc.)

Random checks and to validate complaints

5. Disclosure of GRM, updated IEE/EMP and construction activities and schedules

All project sites Confirm GRM, updated IEE/EMP and construction schedules are disclosed to the public

Prior to commencement of works

Once PIAC Contractor

6. Noise in dB(A) compared to standards specified in Sub decree on the Control of Air Pollution and Noise Disturbance, 2000 (No. 42 ANK.BK)

Work area Noise measurement

In response to complaints adopt the following procedures. First response: Enforcement of management and mitigation measures enforced If issue persists monitoring by Ministry of Environment commissioned by the PIAC at the expense of the Contractor.






Location Means of



Implementation


7. Total suspended particulate/dust compared to standard specified in Sub decree on the Control of Air Pollution and Noise Disturbance, 2000 (No.42 ANK.BK)

Work area Field sampling In response to complaints adopt the following procedures. Initial response: Management and Mitigation measures enforced If issue persists monitoring by Ministry of Environment commissioned by the PIAC at the expense of the Contractor.


8. Other parameters to be sampled, as appropriate, to validate complaints and pollution event(s) due to project activities

Locations to validate complaints or where pollution occurred due to the project (e.g., fuel spill)

Field sampling In response to complaints


A) Public comments and Complaints B) Incidence of worker or public accident or injury

A) Using hotline number placed at construction areas B) At all construction areas

A) Information transferred by telephone hotline number posted at all construction sites.

A) Continuous Public input B) Continuous

Quarterly A & B) & daily observations:

PIAC Contractor





Location Means of



Implementation


B) regular reporting by contractors/PMU

Operation of Sewer System

1. Workers and public injury associated with wastewater treatment plant and pipeline

On properly of wastewater treatment plant and pipeline

Regular record keeping

Continuously For each event Siem Reap Wastewater

2. Wastewater discharge quality: TSS, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb) oil and grease, total & fecal coliform, pH, DO, COD, BOD5, temperature, TDS, NH3, NH4, other nutrient forms of N & P, sulfides surfactants.

At finalized effluent discharges

Using field and analytical methods approved by MOE

Continuously Annual Siem Reap Wastewater




B. REPORTING

55. Regular reporting on the implementation of mitigation measures and on monitoring activities during construction phase of the subproject is required. Reporting is the responsibility of PMU and should be conducted in conjunction with the regular meetings with stakeholders as part of the stakeholder communication strategy. The mitigation and monitoring plans (Table 9 and Table 10) summarize proposed timing of reporting. Environmental monitoring reports will be prepared quarterly for the EA by the PMU/PIUs and sent to the MOE and ADB. The reports will table all indicators measured with the monitoring plan of EMP including performance monitoring indicators (see Table 11) and will include relevant RGC environmental quality standards.

56. In case, the water quality or air quality are polluted in the project area and it can be attributed to the project, the Contractor should in the first instance enforce prescribed mitigation measures and in the second instance collaborate with MOE Laboratory to conduct analyses of required parameters.

Table 11: Performance Monitoring Indicators

Major Environmental

Component

Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source

Pre-construction Phase

Public Consultation & Disclosure

Affected public & stakeholders

contacted during IEE and new stakeholders convened for follow-up consultation & to introduce grievance mechanism

Minutes of meeting, and participants list

EMP Updated EMP All stakeholders contacted during IEE re-contacted for follow-up consultation

EMP

Bid Documents Requirements of EMP (CEMP3)

EMP appended to bidding documents with clear instructions to bidders for CEMP

Bid documents

Training of PMU/PIU

Training course(s) & schedule

By end of P-C phase, required course(s) that will be delivered are designed and scheduled

Course(s) outline, participants, and schedule

Construction Phase

Affected surface water quality

TSS, DO, BOD, COD, pH, oil & grease, nutrient forms of T & N, metals (Pb, Fe, As)

Compliance with RGC environmental standards & criteria

Monitoring reports

Air quality SOx, NOx, dust, , CO, noise, vibration

Levels comply with standards Monitoring reports

Soil quality Solid and liquid waste Rigorous program of procedures and rules to collect and store all waste from construction camps and sites practiced.

Monitoring reports

Hazardous Oil, gasoline, grease, Rigorous program of Contractor and

3 Contractor Environmental Management Plan developed from EMP in contractor bidding document




Major Environmental

Component

Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source

materials & waste

alum, chlorine, soda procedures to manage and store all waste from construction camps and sites practiced.

quarterly monitoring reports

Public & worker safety

Frequency of injuries Adherence to RGC policy and site-specific procedures to prevent accidents

Contractor reports

Cultural property Incidence of damage, or complaints

No valued cultural property, or unearthed valuable relic is harmed in any way

Public input, contractor reports, public input, quarterly reports

Traffic Frequency of disruptions & blocked roadways

Disruptions, stoppages, or detours are managed to absolute minimum.

Public input, contractor reports, quarterly reports

Operation Phase of Components

Soil & surface water quality

Pollution of soil and surface water from wastewater

No pollution incidents Siem Reap Wastewater Authority

Worker health & safety

Exposure and hazardous activities & equipment

No accidents will occur following procedures of O&M manual.

Siem Reap Wastewater. regular reporting




VI. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

57. Supervision of EMP Implementation by PIAC: The cost for PIAC to supervise EMP implementation in accordance with the EMP and the project bidding and contractual documents is integrated in the contract package with the PIAC.

58. Implementation of EMP by Contractor: The cost for organization, training, dissemination, procurement, operation of equipment, and labor for implementation of mitigation measures in and out of the site in accordance with the EMP and project bidding and contractual document requirements is integrated in the construction package.

59. Environmental protection and monitoring of compliance with the Environmental management Plan (EMP) for the proposed works including the preparation, approval and application of Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is $77,300 as part of the Contractor’s contract4. Any required control monitoring by the Ministry of Environment to document compliance with Environmental Standards in case of complaints, will be commissioned by the PIAC at the expense of the Contractor.

VII. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

60. The Contractor must develop emergency or incident response procedures during construction. In the operational phase the operator/civil authorities will have responsibility for any emergencies or serious incidents. The construction phase should ensure:

(i) Emergency Response Team (ERT) of the Contractor as initial responder;

(ii) The Town fire and police departments, emergency medical service, the Department of Public Health (DPH), collectively referred to as the External Emergency Response Team (EERT), as ultimate responders.

61. The Contractor will provide and sustain the required technical, human and financial resources for quick response during construction. The roles and responsibilities for emergency incident repose are presented in

62. Table 12.

63. The ERT will be led by the senior Contractor engineer (designated ERTL) on site with a suitably trained foreman or junior engineer as deputy. Trained first-aiders and security crew will be the core members of the ERT. The Contractor will ensure that ERT members are physically, technically and psychologically fit for their emergency response roles and responsibilities.

Table 12: Roles and Responsibilities in Emergency Incident Response

Entity Responsibilities

Contractor Team (ERT) • Communicates / alerts the EERT.

• Prepares the emergency site to facilitate the response action of the EERT, e.g., vacating, clearing, restricting site.

4 Contract No.: MPWT/PWSSP/ICB/CW1, dated 12 November 2018




• When necessary & requested by the EERT, lends support / provides assistance during EERT’s response operations.

External Emergency Response Team (EERT)

• Solves the emergency/incident

Contractor Resources • Provide and sustain the people, equipment, tools & funds

necessary to ensure Subproject’s quick response to emergency situations.

• Maintain good communication lines with the EERT to ensure prompt help response & adequate protection, by keeping them informed of Subproject progress.

64. Prior to the mobilization of civil works, the Contractor, through its Construction Manager, ERTL, in coordination with the PMU/PCU, will meet with the ultimate response institutions to discuss the overall construction process, including, but not limited to:

i. Subproject sites;

ii. construction time frame and phasing;

i. any special construction techniques and equipment that will be used;

ii. any hazardous materials that will be brought to and stored in the construction premise and details on their applications and handling/management system;

iii. The Contractor’s Emergency Management Plan

iv. Names and contact details of the ERT members.

65. The objective of this meeting is to provide the ultimate response institutions the context for:

i) Their comments on the adequacy of the respective Emergency Management Plans ii) Their own assessment of what types, likely magnitude and likely incidence rate of

potential hazards are anticipated iii) The arrangements for coordination and collaboration.

66. To ensure effective emergency response, prior to mobilization of civil works, the Contractor will:

i) set up the ERT; ii) Set up all support equipment and facilities in working condition iii) Made arrangements with the EERT; iv) Conduct proper training of ERT members, and encouraged and trained volunteers

from the work force; v) Conducted orientation to all construction workers on the emergency response

procedures and facilities, particularly evacuation procedures, evacuation routes, evacuation assembly points, and self-first response, among others; and

vi) conducted drills for different possible situations.

67. To sustain effective emergency response throughout Subproject implementation an adequate budget shall be provided to sustain the capabilities and efficiency of the emergency




response mechanism, the emergency response equipment, tools, facilities and supplies. Drills and reminders will take place regularly, the former at least every two months and the latter at least every month. A. ALERT PROCEDURES

68. Means of communicating, reporting and alerting an emergency situation may be any combination of the following: i) audible alarm (siren, bell or gong); ii) visual alarm (blinking/rotating red light or orange safety flag); iii) telephone (landline); iv) mobile phone; v) two-way radio; and vi) public address system/loud speakers. Some rules relative to communicating/alerting will be:

(i) Whoever detects an emergency situation first shall immediately:

• call the attention of other people in the emergency site,

• sound the nearest alarm and/or

• Report/communicate the emergency situation to the ERT.

(ii) Only the ERTL and, if ERTL is not available, the Deputy ERTL are authorized to communicate with the EERT. Exceptional cases to this rule may be necessary and should be defined in the Emergency Management Plans.

(iii) When communicating/alerting an emergency to the EERT, it is important to provide them with at least: i) the type of emergency situation; ii) correct location of the emergency; ii) estimated magnitude of the situation; iii) estimated persons harmed; iv) time it happened; v) in case of a spill, which hazardous substance spilled; and vi) in case of fire and explosion, what caused it. Such details would allow the EERT to prepare for the appropriate response actions.

69. For an effective reporting/alerting of an emergency situation:

(i) The names and contact details of the relevant persons and institutions should be readily available in, or near to, all forms of communication equipment, and strategically posted (at legible size) in all Subproject sites and vehicles:

- Most relevant construction/operations staffs namely, the ERTL, Deputy ERTL, first-aiders, supervising engineers, foremen

- EERT institutions/organizations - Concerned village authorities - PMU Office, ESMU

(ii) All Subproject sites should have good access to any combination of audible and visual alarms, landline phones, mobile phones and two-way radio communication at all times.

(iii) Contractor’s construction vehicles should also be equipped with the appropriate communication facilities.




B. EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS

70. Table 13, Table 14 and Table 15 suggest general procedures that will be refined in the final EMP during detailed design and described in more detail in the Emergency Management Plans of the Contractor.

Table 13: Evacuation Procedure

Procedure Remarks

Move out as quickly as possible as a group, but avoid panic.

All workers/staff, sub-contractors, site visitors to move out, guided by the ERT.

Evacuate through the directed evacuation route. The safe evacuation shall have been determined fast by the ERTL/Deputy ERTL & immediately communicated to ERT members.

Keep moving until everyone is safely away from the emergency site and its influence area.

A restricted area must be established outside the emergency site, all to stay beyond the restricted area.

Once outside, conduct head counts. Foremen to do head counts of their sub-groups; ERTL/Deputy ERTL of the ERT.

Report missing persons to EERT immediately. ERTL/Deputy ERTL to communicate with the EERT.

Assist the injured in evacuation and hand them over to the ERT first-aiders or EERT medical group

ERT to manage injured persons to ensure proper handling.

If injury warrants special care, DO NOT MOVE them, unless necessary and instructed/directed by the EERT.

ERTL/Deputy ERTL communicates with EERT to get instructions/directions in handling the injured.

Table 14: Response Procedure During Medical Emergency

Procedure Remarks

• Administer First Aid regardless of severity immediately.

• Fundamentals when giving first aid:

➢ Safety first of both the rescuer and the victim.

➢ Do not move an injured person unless.

➢ Victim is exposed to more danger when left where they are, e.g., during fire, chemical spill.

➢ It would be impossible for EERT to aid victims in their locations, e.g., under a collapsed structure.

➢ Instructed or directed by the EERT.

• First AID to be conducted only by a person who has been properly trained in giving First Aid.

• Call the EERT emergency medical services &/or nearest hospital.

• ERTL/Deputy ERTL or authorized onsite emergency communicator

• Facilitate leading the EERT to the emergency site.

• ERTL/Deputy ERTL to instruct:

➢ an ERT member onsite to meet EERT in access road/strategic location. He/she shall hold orange safety flag to get their attention and lead them to site.

➢ Other ERT members to clear access road for smooth passage of the EERT.




• If applicable, vacate site & influence area at once, restrict site, suspend work until further notice.

• Follow evacuation procedure.

Table 15: Response Procedure in Case of Fire

Procedure Remarks

• Alert a fire situation. • Whoever detects the fire shall immediately:

➢ call the attention of other people in the site,

➢ sound the nearest alarm, and/or

➢ Foreman or any ERT member among the construction sub-group contacts the fire department (in this case it should be agreed on that it is alright for any ERT member in the sub-group to alert the fire department).

➢ Report/communicate the emergency situation to the ERTL/Deputy ERTL.

• Stop all activities/operations and evacuate.

• All (non-ERT) workers/staff subcontractors, site visitors and concerned public to move out to safe grounds following the evacuation procedure.

• Activate ERT to contain fire/control fire from spreading.

• Guided by the training they undertook, ERT members assigned to mitigate the fire shall assess their own safety situation first before attempting to control fire spread.

• Call the nearest fire & police stations &, if applicable, emergency medical services.

• When alerting the EERT, ERTL will give the location, cause of fire, estimated fire alarm rating, any injuries

• Facilitate leading the EERT to the emergency site.

• ERTL/Deputy ERTL to instruct:

➢ an ERT member to meet the EERT in the access road or strategic location and lead them to the site. He/she shall hold the orange safety flag to get their attention and lead them to the site.

➢ some ERT members to stop traffic in, & clear, the access road to facilitate passage of the EERT.

• ERT to vacate the site as soon as their safety is assessed as in danger

• Follow appropriate evacuation procedure.




VIII. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY REVIEW AND NEEDS

71. The IEE reviewed the capacities for environmental management broadly and made the below observations.

72. Environmental management within the General Department of Public Works within MPWT: a) There is no strong mandate for environmental management in the department, other than the responsibilities flowing from, but limited to specific projects, b) The MPWT now has a Social and Environmental Office, established with support of recent transport sector projects, c) Technical staff do have some capacity to manage infrastructure on a broad, strategic level as well as on a day to day level, d) To be able to review environmental assessments, technical staff members need to acquire an understanding of the principles and processes of environmental assessment.

73. Capacities relating to environmental management during construction: MPWT staff have some experience or capacity in the implementation of EMPs, been acquired mainly on past or ongoing projects in the sector, but few staff are familiar with the requirements. Support for EMP implementation, including inspection of ongoing and completed work to check for compliance with EMP provisions and preparation of progress reports to government and ADB, will be provided by the implementation consultants. In order to be able to undertake these functions, technical staff from each ministry need to have an understanding of contractual arrangements for construction, and the provisions under each EMP.

74. Few contracting firms in Cambodia have experience of environmental management, particularly preparation and implementation of CEMPs. Guidance in CEMP preparation can be provided to contractors by the implementation consultants.

75. Capacities relating to operation and maintenance of infrastructure: Adequate operation and maintenance of water and sanitation infrastructure has not taken place to the standard and extent necessary to keep sanitation infrastructure in operable condition. This is one of the reasons that the proposed subprojects are necessary. The ministry requires assistance in ensuring competent operation, regular and periodic maintenance and phased replacement and upgrading of assets.

76. In accordance with the PAM, the PMU will include the following staff of relevance to environmental and social management: Social Safeguards Officer, Environmental Safeguards Officer, and Gender Officer. The PIUs will according to the PAM include a Social and Environmental Safeguards Officer.




Annex 1: Environmental Standards for Cambodia

Table 1: Water Quality Standard in Public Water Areas for Bio-Diversity Conservation

No Parameter Unit Standard Value

A. River

1 pH mg/L 6.5 – 8.5

2 BOD5 mg/L 1 – 10

3 Suspended solid mg/L 25 – 100

4 Dissolved oxygen mg/L 2.0 - 7.5

5 Coli-form MPN/100 mL < 5000

B. Lakes and Reservoirs

1 pH mg/L 6.5 – 8.5

2 COD mg/L 1 – 8

3 Suspended solid mg/L 1 – 15

4 Dissolved oxygen mg/l 2.0 - 7.5

5 Coliform MPN/100 mL < 1000

6 Total nitrogen mg/L 0.1 – 0.6

7 Total phosphorus mg/L 0.005 – 0.05

C. Coastal water

1 pH mg/L 7.0 – 8.3

2 COD mg/L 2 – 8

3 Dissolved oxygen mg/L 2 – 7.5

4 Coliform MPN/100 mL < 1000

5 Oil content mg/L 0

6 Total nitrogen mg/L 0.2 – 1.0

7 Total phosphorus mg/L 0.02 – 0.09

Note: l = liter; mg = milligram; ml = milliliter

Source: Annex 4 of Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control, 1999

Table 2: Ambient Air Quality Standard5

No

Parameters

Period 1 h Average

(mg/m3)

Period 8 h Average

(mg/m3)

Period 24 h Average

(mg/m3)

Period 1-year Average

(mg/m3)

1 Carbon monoxide (CO)

40 20 - -

2 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

0.3 - 0.1 -

3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 0.5 - 0.3 0.1

4 Ozone (O3) 0.2 - - -

5 Lead (Pb) - - 0.005 -

6 Total suspended particulates (TSP)

- - 0.33 0.1

Source: Sub-decree on air pollution control and noise disturbance, 2000.

5 Note: This standard applied to evaluation of ambient air quality and to monitoring of air pollution status.




Table 3: Maximum permitted noise level in public and residential area (dB)

No Location Period

06:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 06:00

Silence Area

1 - Hospital

45 40 35 2 - Library

3 - School

4 - Nursery

Resident Area

1 - Hotel

60 50 45 2 - Administration place

3 - House

Commercial, services areas and

mixed small industrial factories 70 65 50

Intermingling in residential areas 75 70 50

Table 4: Drinking Water Standards (2004)

No Parameter Unit Standard Value

1 pH mg/L 6.5 – 8.5

2 Turbidity NTU 5

3 Arsenic mg/L 0.05

4 Iron 0.03

5 Total dissolved solid mg/L 800

6 Chlorine mg/L 0.2-0.5

7 Copper mg/L 1

8 Sulfate mg/L 250

9 Nitrite mg/L 3

10 Nitrate mg/L 50

11 Lead mg/L 0.01

12 Mercury mg/L 0.001

13 Coliform CFU/100 mL 0

Table 5: Effluent Standard for Pollution Sources Discharging Wastewater to Public Water

Areas or Sewer

No.

Parameters Unit

Allowable Limits for Pollutant Substance Discharging to

Protected Public Water Area

Public Water Area and Sewer

1 Temperature °C <45 <45

2 pH mg/L 6-9 5-9

3 BOD5 ( 5 days at 20 °C) mg/L <30 <80

4 COD mg/L <50 <100

5 Total suspended solids mg/L <50 <80

6 Total dissolved solids mg/L <1000 <2000




No.

Parameters Unit

Allowable Limits for Pollutant Substance Discharging to

Protected Public Water Area

Public Water Area and Sewer

7 Grease and oil mg/L <5.0 <15.0

8 Detergents mg/L <5.0 <15.0

9 Phenols mg/L <0.1 <1.2

10 Nitrate (NO3 ) mg/L <10 <20

11 Chlorine (free) mg/L <0.1 <2.0

12 Chloride (iron) mg/L <500 <700

13 Sulfate (as SO4) mg/L <300 <500

14 Sulfide (as Sulphur) mg/L <0.2 <1.0

15 Phosphate (PO4) mg/L <3.0 <6.0

16 Cyanide (CN) mg/L <0.2 <1.5

17 Barium (Ba) mg/L <4.0 <7.0

18 Arsenic (As) mg/L <0.1 <1.0

19 Tin (Sn) mg/L <2.0 <8.0

20 Iron (Fe) mg/L <1.0 <2.0

21 Boron (B) mg/L <1.0 <5.0

22 Manganese (Mn) mg/L <1.0 <5.0

23 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.1 <0.5

24 Chromium (Cr)+3 mg/L <0.05 <1.0

25 Chromium (Cr)+6 mg/L <0.05 <0.5

26 Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.20 <1.0

27 Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.10 <1.5

28 Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.002 <0.05

29 Nickel (Ni) mg/L <0.20 <1.0

30 Selenium (Se) mg/L <0.05 <0.5

35 DO mg/L >2.0 >1.0

36 Polychlorinated byphenyl mg/L <0.003 <0.003

37 Calcium mg/L <150 <200

38 Magnesium mg/L <150 <200

39 Carbon tetrachloride mg/L <3 <3

40 Hexachloro benzene mg/L <2 <2

41 DTT mg/L <1.3 <1.3

42 Endrin mg/L <0.01 <0.01

43 Dieldrin mg/L <0.01 <0.01

44 Aldrin mg/L <0.01 <0.01

45 Isodrin mg/L <0.01 <0.01

46 Perchloro ethylene mg/L <2.5 <2.5

47 Hexachloro butadiene mg/L <3.0 <3.0

48 Chloroform mg/L <1.0 <1.0

49 1,2 Dichloro ethylene mg/L <2.5 <2.5

50 Trichloro ethylene mg/L <1.0 <1.0

51 Trichloro benzene mg/L <2.0 <2.0

52 Hexaxhloro cyclohexene mg/L <2.0 <2.0 Remarks: The Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery shall collaborate to set up the standard of pesticides which discharge from pollution sources.




Annex 2: Monitoring Report Template for Project Implementation Unit

Safeguard Monitoring Report This report is to be completed by the PIU with assistance from Project implementation assistance

consultant and PMU. The report forms part of the regular reporting of PIU to PMU and ultimately the EA and ADB. Summary:

• Summary of EMP Implementation

• Description of monitoring activities carried out (e.g. field visits, survey questionnaire, public consultation meetings, focus group discussions, etc.)

• Key issues, any corrective actions already taken, and any grievances

• Recommendations

1. Introduction and Project Overview

Project Number and Title:

Safeguards Category

Environment B

Indigenous Peoples C

Involuntary Resettlement

C

Reporting period:

Last report date:

Key sub-project activities since last report:

This section can include, among others, the following:

• Activities of PIU/PMU

• Progress of work (% physical completion)

• Changes of surrounding environment

• Status of permits/ consents

Report prepared by:

2. Environmental Performance Monitoring

a. Summary of Compliance with EMAP Requirements (Environmental Performance)

EMAP Requirements Compliance Status (Yes, No, Partial)

Comment or Reasons for Non-Compliance

Issues for Further Action




Use environmental impact as main heading and EMAP as listing (see example below)

Use EMoP list as basis for rating/evaluating compliance (see example below)

Rise of employment opportunities:

• Job openings of the project should give priority to local communities.

• Recruitment of local laborers should be stipulated in the contract for construction

• Field inspections and interviews with communities - DONE

• Note each complaint case in the field – 3 COMPLAINTS RECEIVED

• Set up grievance center and report as part of monitoring action plan – NOT DONE

b. Issues for Further Action

Issue Required Action Responsibility and

Timing Resolution

Old Issues from Previous Reports

List of EMoP measures or activities not completed (last column of previous table)

New Issues from This Report

c. Other activities

• Other issues not covered by EMAP/EMoP




• Environmental monitoring as required by GOI (e.g., air quality, water sampling)

3. Occupational, Health and Safety (OHS) Performance Monitoring

a. OHS for worker


Timing Resolution



b. Public Safety


Timing Resolution



4. Information Disclosure and Socialization including Capability Building

• Field Visits (sites visited, dates, persons met)

• Public Consultations and meetings (Date; time; location; agenda; number of participants disaggregated by sex and ethnic group, not including project staff; Issues raised by participants and how these were addressed by the project team)




• Training (Nature of training, number of participants disaggregated by gender and ethnicity, date, location, etc.)

• Press/Media Releases

• Material development/production (e.g., brochure, leaflet, posters)

5. Grievance Redress Mechanism Summary:

• Number of new grievances, if any, since last monitoring period: ____

• Number of grievances resolved: _____

• Number of outstanding grievances: _____

Type of Grievance Details

(Date, person, address, contact details, etc.)

Required Action, Responsibility and

Timing Resolution



6. Conclusion

• Important results from the implementation of mitigation and monitoring of EMP

• Recommendations to improve EMP implementation

7. Attachments

• Consents / permits

• Monitoring data (water quality, air quality, etc.)

• Photographs

• Maps