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4.8 (Betina de Gorordo) Hold on to your isometric hat: here is an approach that most fieldworkers will never try much less actually use. Note the set up for this highly innovative and challenging response: photos of the space, with measurements added in. From there, we learn how to truly calculate distance and proximity in three-dimensional space and are introduced to the joys of isometric perspective coordinates. With the addition of photographic and written descriptions of what was going on at each data point, the results are nothing short of phenomenal.
(This student is master of the call-out, by the way, adding just the critical information we need over top of photos throughout her work. Imagine, for instance, the difference between the photo on p. 11 with and without the tracing she added to it.)
In Betina’s words, this one was “extremely exhausting.” Who knows if she’ll ever try it again? The point is, this researcher (as well as all the rest of us) now knows she can.
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 1
Description:
To create a spatio-temporal map of the movements of an individual of our choosing. Observe set individual for a determined period of time, and note the distances between him/her and the others. Note time, to be able to see how it moves across time and space and in relation to others.
INTRODUCTION
For this exercise I picked observing Azizi. He is the oldest gorilla in the bachelor’s area, and he is a young silver back. I decided to follow him for a couple of reasons. First, I haven’t been observing the gorillas in the bachelor area as much as I have been observing the family area and I wanted to even the time spent on both. Second, the bachelor area seems to attract less people and to be less crowded than the family area, which makes it easier to carry out exercises. And third, I was there before the gorillas came out on the bachelor’s area, and I thought it would be interesting to stick around to see how they behave when entering the area for the first time in a day.
To prepare for this exercise I made a little sketch of a top view of the area and the elements in it. I used a thick marker so that I could move my sketch and use it as a guide throughout my note-taking. I started observing the gorillas at 10:32, but my note-taking started at 10:35 am.
REPORT
Betina de Gorordo
Session 5: SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPINGSeptember 23rd, 10:32 amDuration: 60 minutes.Location: Regenstein Center For African Apes at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Bachelor’s area
EXERCISE
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 2
From the pictures, and after the exercise was done, I calculated a couple dimensions of the space and elements to be able to determine distances more accurately.
PREPARATIONS
3 meters
0.85 meters
4 meters 2 meters 6 meters
6 meters
4.5 meters
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 3
To analyze my data, I created a Isometric perspective with coordinates. Each square represents a square meter. I used this to map out locations in each segment of time analyzed, and be able to determine distances at any given point in time.
y
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IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 4
This is a isometric perspective that represents some of the most prominent elements in the Bachelors area. Each element can be located in a spatial x,y,z coordinate. During my note taking, I only noted Azizi and the rest of the gorillas’ locations on the elements in the area. For the analysis, I traced their x,y,z coordinates, and calculated the distances between them using the distance formula:
(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2+(z2-z1)2
I considered a segment to be composed of a period of time in which things didn’t change in the space, or that there were minor changes to a certain set-up.
My observations were done in a 20 seconds period, followed by a 40 second period of pictures and note taking.
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OBSERVATIONS
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 5
y
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mts
12
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910
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
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y
z
x
1
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1
2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1.
A
A
A
X1
X1
X1
X2
X2
X2
X3
X3
X3
x1=1,5,5 x1=7.00 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=2,5,6 x2=5.92 mts
x3=5,4,9 x3=3.46 mts.
A=7,2,7
TIME: 10:35 AMDuration: 2 min.
ACTIVITIES:Sitting on top of a log as a stool
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 6
y
z
x
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34
56
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910
1112
12
34
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910
1112
mts
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
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y
z
x
1
2
3
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6
1
2
3
4
5
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9
10
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12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2.
A
A
A
X1
X1
X1
X2
X2
X2
X3
x1=1,5,5
x2=2,5,6
x3=5,4,9
A=9,1,17
TIME: 10:37 AMDuration: 2 min.
x1=14.97 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=13.64 mts
x3=9.43 mts.
ACTIVITIES:Eating popcorn from a bucket
X3
X3
A
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 7
y
z
x
1
2
3
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
12
34
56
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910
1112
mts
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
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y
z
x
1
2
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6
1
2
3
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5
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12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
3.
A
A
A
x1=N/A
x2=N/A
x3=N/A
A=3,1,10
TIME: 10:39 AMDuration: 1 min.
x1=N/A
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=N/A
x3=N/A
ACTIVITIES:Came inside and sat under a bin
A
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 8
y
z
x
1
2
3
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6
12
34
56
78
910
1112
12
34
56
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910
1112
mts
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
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z
x
1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
4.
AA
A
A
x1=1,5,5
x2=2,5,6
x3=N/A
A=11,2,8
TIME: 10:41 AMDuration: 3 min.
x1=10.86 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=9.70 mts.
x3=N/A
ACTIVITIES:Eating in front of glass and then moved and sat in the log that sticks out of the window.
X1 X2
X1
X1
X2
X2
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 9
y
z
x
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12
34
56
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910
1112
12
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mts
12
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56
78
910
1112
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12
34
56
78
910
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y
z
x
1
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1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
5.
A
A
A
x1=1,5,5
x2=3,4,6
x3=N/A
A=4,1,6
TIME: 10:44 AMDuration: 3 min.
x1=5.10 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=3.16 mts.
x3=N/A
ACTIVITIES:He went from eating lettuce on the floor, then eating from a bucket. Still grabbing the bucket he looked at a girl on the other side of the glass for a moment [10 sec].
X1
X2
X1
X1
X2
X2
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 10
y
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12
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78
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6.
A
A
A
x1=1,1,12
x2=11,5,10
x3=7,1,16
A=3,1,11
TIME: 10:47 AMDuration: 3 min.
x1=2.24 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=9.00 mts.
x3=6.40 mts.
ACTIVITIES:Sitting by the bamboos, then eating from a bucket next to him, then went outside.
X1
X1
X1
X2
X2
X3
X2
X3
X3A
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 11
y
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7.
A
A
x1=(inside)
x2= (inside)
x3= (inside)
A=10,1,14
TIME: 10:50 AMDuration: 3 min.
x1= N/A
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2= N/A
x3= N/A
ACTIVITIES:Azizi went outside and started eating from the other bucket.
X1
X1
X1
X2
X2
X3
X2
X3
X3 A
Location of ‘x’ gorillas not exact
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 12
y
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8.
A
A
A
x1=1,5,5
x2=2,5,6
x3=3,4,6
A=1,1,10
TIME: 10:53 AMDuration: 1 min.
x1=6.40 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=5.74 mts.
x3=5.39 mts.
ACTIVITIES:Azizi started moving back in towards the stairs in the back wall.
X1
X1
X1
X2
X2
X3
X2
X3
X3
A
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 13
y
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9.
A
A
x1=11,1,8
x2=N/A
x3=N/A
A=1,5,6
TIME: 10:54 AMDuration: 11 min.
x1=10.95 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=N/A mts.
x3=N/A mts.
ACTIVITIES:Azizi grabbed food, and climbed his way up to the concrete structure. He then sat there for 11 minutes, grabbing the log strings and eating broccoli and cabbage. At the same time one of the other gorillas hid inside the inner side of the log that sticks out of the window.
X1
X1
X1
A
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 14
y
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10.
A
A
x1=11,1,8
x2=12,4,10
x3=12,4,11
A=2,5,6
TIME: 11:05 AMDuration: 19 min.
x1=10.05 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=10.82 mts.
x3=11.22 mts.
ACTIVITIES:When he finished eating, he came forward, to the front of the concrete structure, and stayed there resting for almost 20 minutes. During that time, the 3 other gorillas stayed away in the opposite side of the area.
X1
X1
X1
A
X3
X3
X3
X2
X2
X2
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 15
y
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910
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x
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
11.
A
A
x1=6,1,6
x2=10,4,10
x3=12,4,11
A=2,5,6
TIME: 11:24 AMDuration: 1 min.
x1=5.66 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=9.00 mts.
x3=11.22 mts.
ACTIVITIES:Azizi stayed in his same position, but some of the other gorillas started to move. The one that was inside of the log stepped out and sat in the floor with his back against a log.
X1
X1
X1
X1
A
X3
X3
X3
X2
X2
X2
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 16
y
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x
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34
56
78
910
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
12.
A
A
x1=1,5,5
x2=2,5,6
x3=10,4,10
A=3,1,11
TIME: 11:25 AMDuration: 4 min.
x1=7.48 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=6.48 mts.
x3=7.68 mts.
ACTIVITIES:As the gorillas were coming closer, Azizi climbed down the rooftop, and grabbed food from the floor. Two of the gorillas then climbed to the rooftop where he had been sitting for the past half hour.
X1
X1
X1
A
X3
X3
X3
X2
X2
X2
A
Gorillas ‘X1’ and ‘X2’
Azizi
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 17
y
z
x
1
2
3
4
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12
34
56
78
910
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12
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78
910
1112
mts
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
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12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
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y
z
x
1
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2
3
4
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
13.
A
A
x1=1,5,5
x2=2,5,6
x3=10,4,10
A=3,1,11
TIME: 11:29 AMDuration: 4 min - ?
This were the last 4 minutes that I observed. Activities may or may not have continued further afterwards.
x1=7.48 mts.
POSITION DISTANCE FROM AZIZI
x2=6.48 mts.
x3=7.68 mts.
ACTIVITIES:Azizi was eating with one hand, while holding the log-like strings with the other. Then, he continued walking around the area closest to the back wall and eating food from different spots in the floor. The rest of the gorillas stayed in their previous locations.
X1
X1
X1
A
X3
X3
X3
X2
X2
X2
IIT | Exercises in behavioral observation | Fall 2014 | Nippert-Eng | De Gorordo Session 3: Temporal mapping 18
INSIGHTS
One of the major things I noticed is that when Azizi is moving the rest of the gorillas move around–and away– from him. It was very clear that he has the lead on how the space is used, and who gets to be where. Although there are certain moments in which the actions of the rest of the gorillas might make him change positions or move in the space, he has the last word on who gets to be where. Or at least that was the way it seemed in this occasion.
PROCESS OBSERVATIONS
This process was extremely exhausting. It was hard to keep track of everything, to move, to try to calculate distances from far away, and do it all in a period of 20/40 seconds. I noticed that many times I needed to continue observing the area while noting down my thoughts to be able to follow movements and not get lost in the next observation segment. The divisions between what I was supposed to be doing, and what my instinct said I should do where blurry in certain times and I sometimes I decided to keep going with my gut. Sometimes a decision needed to be made between locating the rest of the gorillas in the space and lose time in doing so, or focus on Azizi and not lose track of him. I still think the process could be much more rigorous, and for that having templates prepared of the space and the coordinates mapped out could be a huge help and an enormous time save.
Another conclusion I got to is that time seems to be much more slow when you’re trying to capture everything that happens. Activities that in the moment seem to be expanding for a long time where in reality just a couple of minutes or seconds, and there are many things that happen in span of 20 seconds.
