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47.6% 42.9% 50.0%28.6%28.6%
41.2%40.0%
38.9%
27.8%
School Supplies Household Items
Food
Percent income use by category
Food Household items
SchoolSupplie
s
48% 54% 44%
Othrincome -- Othrincome
Freq. % Farm prod1) 21 45.7Othr busns2) 7 15.2None3) 18 39.1
TOTAL (N) 46 100.0
Missing 36
Average Weekly Sales by Years of School
Graduates
1st Kit
3rd Kit
2nd Kit
Programmatic Recommendations
Continued business training Initial orientation is the only business training
More support for graduates Transitional kits, follow up assessments Cultivate relationship with Banco de Oportunidade
Stronger long term focus on capacity building Give groups tools to create their own associations,
business groups Emphasis on connecting groups with private sector
Expand market flexibility Build distributor base More responsiveness to women’s product requests Make available more products that correspond to health
messaging, e.g. bed nets
Health Outcomes
Health Training Modules Developed by a health consultant with IRD
input 52 weekly modules covering topics such
as “Cells,” “Body Systems,” and “Major Organs.”
Provides comprehensive but accessible health information along with messaging
Presented in 30-60 minute sessions by IRD staff member
Focus on comprehension and retention
Research Goals: Health
Health Indicators Actual % Change
from Baseline
Target % Change from
Baseline
% change of interviewed women (KAP study) that know at least two prevention methods, by age/marital status
20%
% change of interviewed women (KAP study) that received results of an HIV test in the last six months
25%
% change of interviewed women (KAP study) that had an extra-marital relationship
-15%
% change of interviewed women (KAP study) that used condom in their last extra-marital sexual intercourse
15%
% of increase of hand washing (KAP study) with soap before eating
30%
% of increase of boiled or purified water consumption (KAP study)
25%
Family Health Discussion
Percent of respondents who speak with family about health issues
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
HIV/AIDS
Hygiene
Malaria
Diarrhea
HIV Prevention Knowledge
Recall of HIV Prevention Methods
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Condom Clean Razor/Needle Faithful Abstinence
HIV Testing
Percent of women who have had an HIV test
16%
84%
Yes
No
Reasons for not being tested
48%
31%
12%
9%
Distance No reason Not sick Never heard of test
Discussion of HIV testing with husband
76%
24%
Yes No
Water Purification
Method of purifying water
41%
10%
30%
19%
Certeza (Chlorine) Boil Both None
Food Security
Able to buy more food
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Yes No
Still worried about food
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Yes No
Health Recommendations
Link with existing organizations to increase access to HIV testing (preferably through mobile testing facilities)
Address perception that one must be sick to get tested for HIV
Leave a usable manual and trained instructor to continue health sessions after IRD support ends
Perform baseline health studies at new sites, as well as ongoing assessments of health status
Focus on emphasizing link between higher income & better health
Inhambane: Zavala Experience
Funded for six months of operation in 2005, then discontinued
Shows program’s potential and women’s strengths: resilience, determination, enthusiasm and self-sufficiency
Women continue to operate businesses, continue health monitoring with materials from local HIV testing facility.
Hygiene Practices
Frequency of hand washing with soap
83%
14% 3%
Always Sometimes Never
Has soap in home
75%
22%3%
Always Sometimes Never
Inhambane: Continued Health Training
“Why is it important to know if I’m HIV
positive?”
“What do I do if my HIV test is positive?”
“If my test is negative, what steps can I take
to avoid HIV infection?”
Inhambane: Zavala Experience
“If my test is positive, will everybody know?”
“Where do I go for an HIV test?”
“What is HIV test counseling?”
Discussion and Conclusions
The Women First program is performing well with respect to its stated health objectives.
IRD strategies are relevant and effective for achieving Women First program goals
Ability to identify and address gaps or shortcomings
The Women First program provides a successful model for incorporating health education into an income generation program
Key IRD Staff
Ilidio Matusse: Women First Program Coordinator
Nick Ahlers: Inhambane Provincial Coordinator
Acknowledgments
World Vision: Colette Powers, Lara Evans and Joyce
Murray Denis Brown & Staff
IRD Field Staff: Ilidio Matusse, Nick Ahlers, Fatima Daude,
Themos Ntasis, Mark Heffernan, Nelson Lemos,Sabino Matos, Cidalia Pedro, Pereira
