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8/11/2019 4541-Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming Interoperability
1/18
GSMA 2013
Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming & Interoperability
Authentication, Mobility Management & Session Control
8/11/2019 4541-Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming Interoperability
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GSMA 2013
LTE Roaming is Coming.
8/11/2019 4541-Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming Interoperability
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Reference Example
Operator A(HomeNetwork)Operator B(VisitedNetwork)
4G Coverage Area4G Coverage Area
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Roaming Architecture 1
AF is in the IMS Network (PDN)
SIP (Mw) communication occurs through a GRE tunnel over the S8 interface (not shown in the
diagram for simplicity)
Mobility
ServiceSubscriber
Data
Policy Control Service
Local
Anchor
PointExternal
Network
Gateway
Border
Gatew
ay
Diameter
Edge
Device
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Roaming Architecture 2
AF is in the respective IMS Network (PDN)
SIP (Mw) communication occurs through a GRE tunnel over the S8 interface (not shown in the
diagram for simplicity)
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Prevalence of Diameter in EPS What We Have Seen
So Far
S6a S6d S13
Gx Rx S9
Authentication & Mobility Management
Session Management
S1-U S8
Interfaces using Diameter
Interfaces using GTP
S1-MME
SGi
Interface to the External World
S13
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Routing & Edge Functions in a Network (PLMN/IPX)
8/11/2019 4541-Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming Interoperability
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Core v/s Edge Functions
Core Edge
Charging
System
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Roaming Deployment Modes
Mobile Operator 2
IPX-DRA
IPX Provider
Mobile Operator 1Mobile Operator 3
Mobile Operator 4
In this example Mobile Operator 1 and 2 have a direct roaming agreement
Mobile Operator 3 and 4 have a direct roaming agreement
All other signaling for roaming is enabled by the IPX Provider
Connectivity
Interoperability Routing & Load Balancing
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Reference Example Revisited: Introducing Legacy
Interworking
Operator A(HomeNetwork)Operator B(VisitedNetwork)
3GCoverage Area4GCoverage Area
Operator A(HomeNetwork)Operator B(VisitedNetwork)
4GCoverage Area3GCoverage Area
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3G Subscriber Moving into 4G Coverage Area
PCEF PCEF
S6a, S13 S6d, S13 Gy
SGSN SGSN MME MME
HPLMN
(3G)
VPLMN(4G)
Gf
EIR EIR
Ge
Prepaid
SCP
Prepaid
SCP
Gr
HLR HLR
TCAP (SS7)
Diameter
IWF
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4G Subscriber Moving into 3G Coverage Area
Gr ,Gf, Ge
SGSN SGSN
HPLMN
(4G)
VPLMN(3G)
Gy
OCS OCS
S6d, S13
HSS HSS
Diameter
IWF
TCAP (SS7)
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Voice Roaming: PS/CS Voice Interworking 1
Reference: GSMA IR.65: IMS Roaming & Interworking Guidelines
No IPX Provider
Role of Diameter:PCC for Voice Call in
SP As network
Diameter Interfaces:Rx, Gx, Gz
IWFrequired
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Voice Roaming: PS/CS Voice Interworking 2
Role of Diameter:Same as in previous slide
Reference: GSMA IR.65: IMS Roaming & Interworking Guidelines
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Non-3GPP Access Roaming Architecture 1
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.402: Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses
hPCRF
HSS
TrustedNon-3GPP IP
Access
PDNGateway
HPLMN
SWd
Non-3GPPNetworks
VPLMN
vPCRF
3GPP AAAProxy
STa
3GPP AAAServer
S2a
Gxa
S9
SGi
Gx
S6b
Operator's IPServices
(e.g. IMS, PSS
RxSWx
SWn
ePDG
SWa
UntrustedNon-3GPP IP
Access
SWm
S2b
GxbGxc
S8
S6a
3GPPAccess
ServingGateway
Home Routed
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Non-3GPP Access Roaming Architecture 2
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.402: Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses
Local Breakout
hPCRF
HSS
TrustedNon-3GPP IP
Access
HPLMN
SWd
Non-3GPPNetworks
S6b
VPLMN
vPCRF
PDNGateway
3GPP AAAProxy
3GPP AAAServer
Gxa
S9
S2a
Gx
Rx
SGi
SWx
STa
Visited network IPservices or proxiesto home networkservices or PDN
Rx
Gxb
ePDGS2b
SWn
SWm
UntrustedNon-3GPP IP
Access SWa
S5
Gxc
S6aOperator's IP
Services(e.g. IMS, PSS
3GPPAccess
ServingGateway
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Prevalence of Diameter in EPS A Holistic Picture
Some Non -3GPP Ac cess Roamin g Scenar ios Have Not B een Represented
S6a S6d S13
Gx Rx S9
Authentication & Mobility Management
Session Management
S1-U S8Interfaces using Diameter
Interfaces using GTP
S1-MME
SGi
Interface to the External World
S13
Swx
STaSWa
SWm S6b
SWd
Gxb Gxc
S2a S2b
Interfaces using PMIP
Gy Gz
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Diametriq, LLC
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