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4520 - Class #1 - Sept 13, 2016
You wanna learn
something, lose
the devices
“Multitaskers are terrible at every aspect of multitasking.”
-- Nass et al. 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=uHkfS7zCdEE
A psychological study by the Universities of Würzburg and Nottingham-Trent for Kaspersky Lab — Aug 2016
Do smartphones make us smarter?
“The researchers were able to see a clear correlation between how far away a smartphone is, and our ability to concentrate on a task…”
Based on state-trait anxiety inventory
1 - Be on time2 - Follow instructions3 - Always be writing or talking4 - Contribute to discussions5 - Look shit up
Want an “A”?
Penalty scheme: 1-2 % pts off engagement grade for…
1 - Skipping a class
2 - Not doing a reading by due date
3 - Not doing homework by due date
4 - Being chronically late
5 - Disruptive behavior
Bonus scheme
• Earn up to 4 ppts on final grade
• Course-related reading TBD
• Turn in short memo on each
• Strict deadline• Other work must be done on time
Grading scheme
Engagement……………….………….…20%
Course notebook…………………….…20%
In-class quizzes (6)………………………20%
Written reports (2)…….………………..20%
Final in-class exam……………………….20%
1- Engagement (20%)
• how much you ask questions• how much you answer questions• evidence of topical reading• how much you write in class• curiosity, enthusiasm
versus...
• not hearing instructions• poor arrival, attendance record• whining, lack of civility• disruptive classroom chatter
- December 1969: ARPAnet is born- 30 years before Napster
Network topology…
• Node 1: UCLA
• Node 2: Standford
• Node 3: UCSB
• Node 4: U/Utah
• RAM = 12 KB
• Speed = 50 Kbps
Attention to detail…
2 - Course notebook (20%)
• Set up in large 3-ring binder• Must contain 5 sections for:
1. Class materials like syllabus2. Class notes3. Assigned reading notes4. Contextual reading notes (e.g. Benton)5. Glossary
• Hi-lighting photocopies ≠ “notes”• Graded at halfway point and March
https://www.benton.org/user/register
These are not “reading notes”…
3 -Written quizzes (20%)
• in class, 20-25 min• mostly technical terms• writing good definitions is key
• lose “when” & “where”• initialisms must be spelled out• spelling matters
For example… Define 6 of the following 8 terms...
1. algorithm
2. app
3. bandwidth
4. Ethernet
5. Metcalfe’s law
6. monopoly
7. real-time (adj)
8. VPN
4 -Written reports (20%)
• from topical readings• focus on clear, logical exposition• 50% on content, 50% on style• special class stylesheet
5 - Final exam (20%)
• 60% on terms - 5% x 12• 40% for 2 short essays• in last class, 3 hrs• some material in advance• must show detail from course
• not general knowledge
4520....
connectivity + connectedness
technology,regulation
social, economic,political issues
How the Internet works
How the Internet is governed and
regulated
How we interactwith the Internet
socially
plumbing
rules
issues
4520 conceptualization
Understanding the syllabus…
A. Creative destruction: from old to new media (2)
B. How the Internet works (5)
C. The last mile and tier-1 networks (2)
D. Algorithms: the Internet’s secret sauce (2)
…Your brain on the Internet (1)
E. The Internet of Things (2)
F. Security and privacy (4)
G. Network neutrality (3)
What’s coming at you this semester…
#3 - Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2009-329
#4 - “Rise of the Stupid Network” (1997)
#5-6 - TCP/IP - videos
#7 - History - “The God of the Internet”
#8 - TCP/IP vs OSI - Russell
#9-12 - broadband, backbones, algorithms…
Tech basics…
metrics
analog vs digital
networks and topology
spectrum
• kilo (10^3) = 1 thousand - e.g. KHz
• mega = 1 million - Mbps• giga = 1 billion - GB• tera = 1 trillion• peta = 1 quadrillion• exa = 1 quintillion• zetta = 1 sextillion• yotta (10^24) = 1 septillion
= 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Basic technology metrics
Analog vs digital
continuous
Text
discrete
When music was analog...
Digital technology > optical discs
A network topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network. It may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology refers to the placement of the network's physical components, including device location and cable installation. Logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design.
Centralized Distributed
- December 1969: ARPAnet is born- 30 years before Napster
Network topology…
• Node 1: UCLA
• Node 2: Standford
• Node 3: UCSB
• Node 4: U/Utah
• RAM = 12 KB
• Speed = 50 Kbps
Attention to detail…
Industry IndustrieCanada Canada
imageablearea
2nd column, 1st para, 5th line: interna-tionaux
2nd column, 1st para, 10th line: move l'at- to the next line so that thereis no hyphenation.
"Gold" was 5, 20, 95, 0; changed to current
Scale point
Aeronautical mobileService mobile aéronautique
Aeronautical radionavigationRadionavigation aéronautique
AmateurAmateur
BroadcastingRadiodiffusion
FixedFixe
Land mobileService mobile terrestre
Maritime mobileService mobile maritime
Maritime radionavigationRadionavigation maritime
Meteorological aidsAuxiliaires de la météorologie
MobileService mobile
RadiolocationRadiolocalisation
RadionavigationRadionavigation
Standard frequencyFréquences étalon
Earth exploration satelliteExploration de la Terre par satellite
Intersatellite serviceService inter-satellites
Meteorological satelliteMétéorologie par satellite
Radio astronomyRadioastronomie
Radiodetermination satelliteRadiorepérage par satellite
Space operationsExploitation spatiale
Space researchRecherche spatiale
Cat. No. Co22-33/2001-IN
ISBN 0-662-65588-553299 BSee email Smith.Peter Feb23, 2001
SecondarySecondaire
SatelliteSatellite
RouteRoute
Off routeHors route
UplinkLiaison montante
DownlinkLiaison descendante
Except aeronautical mobileSauf mobile aéronautique
S
R
OR
A
Veuillez noter que l’espace attribué aux services dans les segments du spectre n’est pas proportionnel aux plages réelles des fréquences occupées.
Please note: The space allotted to the services in the spectrum segments shown is not proportional to the actual amount of spectrum occupied.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1013 Hz1 THz 1014 Hz 1015 Hz 1016 Hz 1017 Hz 1018 Hz 1019 Hz 1020 Hz 1021 Hz 1022 Hz 1023 Hz 1024 Hz 1025 Hz 1026 Hz
3x107 m3x108 m 3000 km 300 km 30 km 3 km 300 m 30 m 3 m 30 cm 3 cm 0.3 cm 0.03 cm 3x105 Å 3x104 Å 3x103 Å 3x102 Å 3x10 Å 3 Å 3x10-1 Å 3x10-2 Å 3x10-3 Å 3x10-4 Å 3x10-5 Å 3x10-6 Å 3x10-6 Å 3x10-7 Å WavelengthLongueur d’onde
FrequencyFréquence
Infra-sonicsInfracoustique
Ultra-sonicsUltracoustique
Audible RangeFréquences audibles
InfraredInfrarouge
VisibleVisible
UltravioletUltraviolet X-Ray
Rayons X
Gamma RayRayons gamma
Cosmic RayRayons cosmiques
MicrowaveMicro-ondes
VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
RADIO SPECTRUM (represented in chart above)SPECTRE DES RADIOFRÉQUENCES (représenté dans le graphique ci-dessus)
WavelengthLongueur d’onde
FrequencyFréquence
S
S
S
S
S
S
SS
200
209
217
232
226
231.
5
235
238
241
240
248
250
252
265
275
300
102
105
109.
5
111.
8
114.
25
116
122.
25
123
130
134
136
141
148.
5
151.
515
5.5
158.
5
164
167
174.
8
174.
5
182
185
190
191.
8
50.2
50.4
51.4
54.2
5
55.7
8
52.6
58.2
59 6459.3
65 66 71 74 76 77.5
78 79 81 84 86 92 9594 94.1
100
30 31 31.3
31.8
32 32.3
33 33.4
34.2
34.7
35.2
3635.5
37 37.5
38 39.5
40 40.5
41 42.5
43.5
47 47.2
EHF
30 GHz
EHF
300 GHz
SS
S
S
S
S
SSS SS
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
AA
S
S
S
S
S
A
SSSS
S
S
S
S
S
Not allocatedNon attribuée
SS S
S S
S
SS
S
SS
S S S S
S
SS
SS
ISMISM
S
S
SS
S
Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM)Industriel, scientific et medical (ISM)
Broadband/Large bande
SS SS
A
A
A A A
S
A
S S S
3 3.1
3.3
3.5
3.45
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.82
54.
835
4.95
4.99
5 5.01
5.03
5.25
5.15
5.35
5.46
5.47
5.57
5.65
5.72
5
5.85
5.92
5
6.7
7.07
5
7.14
5
7.23
5
7.25
7.3
7.45
7.55
7.75
7.9
7.85
7.97
58.
025
8.17
58.
215
8.4
8.5
8.75
8.65
8.55
8.85
9 9.2
9.3
9.5
9.8
10 10.4
510
.510
.55
10.6
10.6
810
.7
11.7
12.2
12.7
12.7
5
13.2
513
.4
13.7
5
14 14.4
714
.5
15.3
515
.4
15.7
15.6
315
.43
16.6
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.1
18.4
18.6
18.8
19.7
19.3
20.2
21.2
21.4
22 22.2
122
.522
.55
23.5
523
.624 24
.05
24.2
524
.45
24.6
524
.75
25.0
525
.25
25.5
27 27.5
29.5
30
SHF
3 GHz
Domestic satellitesSatellites domestiques
Radio local area network (R-LAN)Reseaux local sans fil
L-E/S-P (Wi-Fi, R-LAN)Domestic satellites
Satellites domestiques
SHF
30 GHz
C BandBande C
C BandBande C
RADAR satelliteSatellite RADAR DBS/SRD
Multimedia satelliteSatellite multimédia
Multimedia satelliteSatellite multimédia
Ku BandBande Ku
Ku BandBande Ku
Direct broadcasting satellite (DBS)Satellite de radiodiffusion directe (SRD)
DBS/SRDISM LMCS/STML
Local multipoint communication systems (LMCS)Systemes de télécommunications multipoint locaux (STML)
SS
ISM
S
S
S
S S
S
S S
S
SS
S
S S
S
S
SS
SS
S
S
S
S SS
S S SS
S S S
S
S
S
S A
S
SS
S
S
Ka BandBande Ka
Ka BandBande Ka
S
S SS S
S
Domestic satellitesSatellites domestiques
Fixed satellite service (FSS)Services fixe par satellite (SFS)
Fixed wireless access (FWA)Accès fixe sans fil (AFSF)
FWA/AFSFDomestic satellitesSatellites domestiques
BroadbandLarge bande
SS
A
S
A A AS
AA
S
AAAAA A
S
1 61
01
610.
61
613.
81
626.
5
1 66
0.5
1 66
81
668.
41
670
1 67
51
700
1 71
01
755
1 85
0
2 00
0
2 02
0
2 02
5
2 11
02
120
2 18
0
2 15
5
2 20
0
2 29
02
300
2 45
0
2 48
3.5
2 59
6
2 65
5
2 69
02
700
2 85
0
2 90
0
3 00
0
614
746
806
890
902
928
929
932
932.
593
594
194
1.5
942
944
952
956
960
1 16
4
1 21
5
1 24
0
1 30
0
1 35
0
1 37
0
1 40
0
1 42
71
429
1 45
2
1 49
2
1 52
51
518
1 53
01
535
300
328.
6
315
312
335.
4
399.
9
387
390
400.
0540
0.15
401
402
403
406
406.
141
0
414
415
419
420
430
432
438
450
455
456
459
460
470
608
UHF
300 MHz
TV channels 14– 36Canaux de télévision 14 à 36
Family radio service (FRS/GMRS)Dispositif radio familial
TV channels 38–59Canaux de télévision 38 à 59
L-E/S-P
3 GHz
UHFSS
S
S
SS
A
AAA
SS
S
S
S S S
1 55
9
1 66
0
2 50
0
Air traffic control radarsRadars de contrôle de la circulation aérienne
GPS
Global positioning system (GPS)Système de positionnement mondial (GPS)
Digital audio broadcasting (DAB)Radiodiffusion audionumérique (RAN)
Cellular/trunked mobileMobile cellulaire/partage
Air-to-groundAir-solSearch and rescue satellite (SARSAT)
Satellite de recherche et sauvetage
2 68
6
Mobile satellite service (MSS)Service mobile par satellite (SMS)
Personal communication service (PCS)Service de communications personnelles (SCP)
PCS/SCP
Wireless communication services (WCS)Services de télécommunications sans fil (STSF)
Advanced wireless service (AWS)Services sans fil évolués (SSFE)
S S
A
A
A
A AA
A
A AS
S
SS S S
S AS
S S S
PagingTéléappel
AWS/SSFEMSS/SMSMSS/SMS
L-E/E-L (Wi-Fi, ISM)
Satellite radio networksRéseaux radio par satellite
WCS/STSF
S
30 30.0
0530
.01
37.5
38.2
5
39.9
8640
.02
40.9
841
.015
50 54 72 73 74.6
74.8
75.2
76 88 108
117.
975
137
138
144
146
148
149.
915
0.05
156.
7625
156.
8375
174
216
222
225
300
VHF
30 MHz
6 metre bandBande de 6 mètres
TV channels 2– 4Canaux de télévision 2 à 4
FM radio (100 channels spaced 200 kHz apart)Radio MF (100 canaux espacés de 200 kHz)
Air traffic controlContrôle de la circulation aérienne
121.5 MHz — Emergency121,5 MHz — Urgence
2 metre bandBande de 2 mètres
LEO-SATSAT-OBT
Vessel traffic servicesServices de trafic maritime
TV channels 7–13Canaux de télévision 7 à 13
VHF
300 MHz
ISM Cordless phonesTéléphones sans cordon
TV channels 5–6Canaux de télévision 5 et 6
L L LS
S S
S
Low earth orbit satellite (LEO-SAT)Satellite orbite basse terrestre (SAT-LEO)
S AR
AR
AR
A AR A
R
AR
3 3.02
5
3.15
5
3.23
3.4
3.5
4 4.06
3
4.43
8
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.85
4.99
55.
003
5.00
55.
06
5.25
5.45
5.68
5.73
5.9
5.95
6.2
6.52
5
6.76
5
7 7.1
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.19
5
8.81
5
8.96
59.
04
9.4
9.5
9.9
9.99
510
.003
10.0
0510
.110
.15
11.1
7511
.275
11.4
11.6
11.6
5
12.0
512
.112
.23
13.2
13.2
613
.36
13.4
113
.57
13.6
13.8
13.8
714 14
.25
14.3
5
14.9
915
.005
15.0
1
15.1
15.6
15.8
16.3
6
17.4
817
.41
17.5
517
.917
.97
18.0
318
.052
18.0
6818
.168
18.7
818
.9
19.6
819
.02
19.8
019
.99
19.9
9520
.01
21 21.4
521
.85
21.9
2422 22
.855
23 23.2
23.3
524 24
.89
24.9
925
.005
25.0
125
.07
25.2
125
.55
25.6
726
.126
.175
27.5
28 29.7
30
HF
3 MHz
National Research Council time signalSignaux horaires du Conseil national de recherches
80 metre bandBande de 80 mètres
HF shortwave broadcastingRadiodiffusion HF sur ondes courtes
40 metre bandBande de 40 mètres
National Research Council time signalSignaux horaires du Conseil national de recherches
30 metre bandBande de 30 mètres
20 metre bandBande de 20 mètres
National Research Council time signalSignaux horaires du Conseil national de recherches
15 metre bandBande de 15 mètres
12 metre bandBande de 12 mètres
General radio service (GRS)/Citizens' band (CB)Service de radio général (SRG)/Bande publique (BP)
ISM 10 metre bandBande de 10 mètres
30 MHz
HFSAAASA
OR)((R)
SSAR
SAAR AR AR
A
AR
AR
AR
AR A
R
(R) (OR) (R) )(OR(R) OR(R) (R) O
R)((R) (R) OR)( (R) O
R)( (R) (OR) OR)((R)
Industrial, scientific and medical uses (ISM)Emplois industriels, scientifiques et médicaux (ISM)
Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM)Industriel, scientific et medical (ISM)
)(
1 70
5
1 80
0
1 85
0
2 00
0
2 06
5
2 10
7
2 17
02
173.
52
190.
52
194
2 49
52
501
2 50
22
505
2 85
0
3 00
0
300
315
325
335
405
415
495
505
510
525
535
MF
500 kHz — International radiotelegraph distress and calling frequency500 kHz — Fréquence internationalede détresse et d’appel pour radiotélégraphie
AM radioRadio AM
160 metre bandBande de 160 mètres
2182 kHz — International radiotelephonedistress and calling frequency
300 kHz 3 MHz
MFR
300
315
325
335
405
415
495
505
510
525
535
2182 kHz — Fréquence internationale dedétresse et d'appel pour radiotéléphonie
(R)
70 90 110
130
160
190
200
285
300
LF
30 kHz 300 kHz
LF
30
9 14 19.9
5
20.0
5
30
VLF Not allocatedNon attribuée
Omega long range navigationRadionavigation à grande distancede type oméga
VLF
3 kHz 30 kHz
3
The Spectrum
Radio waves use the electromagnetic spectrum. The lowest frequencies have the longest radio
waves and the highest fre-quencies have the shortest radio waves.
Radio waves are character-ized according to their fre-quency, the unit for which is the hertz (Hz). The fre-quency is determined by the number of complete waves propagated through a medium past a fixed point in one second. Thus, the fre-quency of a signal where
one wave passes a fixed point in one second is one hertz. A kilohertz (kHz) represents 1000 waves passing a point in one second, or 1000 hertz. One megahertz (MHz) is 1000 kilo-hertz and a gigahertz (GHz) is 1000 megahertz.
The spectrum is divided into a number of fre-quency bands, each possessing characteristics peculiar to it which determine the usage appropri-ate to that band. Each band has been allocated by international agreement at a World Radiocommu-nication Conference (WRC) to one or more radio services or for specific usages. Sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union (a United Nations agency), WRCs are held to extend, review and revise frequency allocations among the various uses.
After WRC conferences — and when Canada’s needs change — Industry Canada allocates spe-cific frequency bands to services to satisfy domestic communications requirements as shown on this chart. The official regulatory provisions that pertain to frequency allocations in Canada are contained in the Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations and the related spectrum policies.
Among radio spectrum users are broadcasters, taxis, building and other construction trades, air transportation, radio amateurs, marine transporta-tion, telecommunications carriers, electrical power utilities, trucking companies, police, and federal, provincial, territorial and municipal departments and agencies.
This chart is based on the 2007 Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations, which was developed from decisions of World Radio Conferences, including WRC-03. The chart provides a graphic representation of Canadian electromagnetic spec-trum allocations between 9 Hz and 275 GHz.
For further information on spectrum or radio matters, contact the Spectrum and Radio Policy Directorate, Industry Canada, Ottawa (e-mail: [email protected]) or one of its regional offi-ces in Moncton, Montréal, Toronto, Winnipeg or Vancouver.
RADIOSPECTRUM
ALLOCATIONSIN CANADA
ATTRIBUTION DESFREQUENCES
RADIOELECTRIQUESAU CANADA
Le spectre
Les ondes radioélectriques utilisent le spectre électromagnétique. Aux fréquences les plus bas-
ses correspondent les ondes radio les plus lon-gues et aux fréquences les plus élevées, les ondes radio les plus courtes.
Les ondes radio se caract-érisent par leur fréquence, qui se mesure en hertz (Hz). La fréquence est déterminée par le nombre d’ondes complètes fran-chissant un point fixe d’un support en une seconde.
On dira donc d’un signal pour lequel une onde franchit un point fixe en une seconde qu’il a une fréquence de 1 hertz. Le kilohertz (kHz) équivaut à 1 000 ondes par seconde, soit 1 000 hertz, le mégahertz, à 1 000 kilohertz et le gigahertz (GHz), à 1 000 mégahertz.
Le spectre se compose de bandes de fréquences possédant chacune des particularités qui en déterminent l’utilisation. Chaque bande est attri-buée à un ou plusieurs services radio ou à des usages déterminés par voie d’accords interna-tionaux signés à une Conférence mondiale des radiocommunications (CMR). Organisées sous l’égide d’un organisme des Nations Unies, l’Union internationale des télécommunications, les CMR ont pour but d’étendre, d’étudier et de réviser l’attribution des bandes de fréquences.
À l’issue de chacune de ces conférences et quand des changements s’imposent au Canada, Industrie Canada attribue des bandes de fréquen-ces particulières à certains services, de manière à s’adapter aux besoins du pays en matière de communications, comme l’illustre le graphique ci-dessous. Les dispositions officielles de la régle-mentation touchant l’attribution des fréquences au Canada figurent dans le Tableau canadien d’attribution des bandes de fréquences et dans les politiques connexes d’utilisation du spectre.
Parmi les utilisateurs du spectre radioélectrique, on compte les radiodiffuseurs, les compagnies de taxi, l’industrie du bâtiment et d’autres secteurs de la construction, les transporteurs aériens, les radioamateurs, les transporteurs maritimes, les entreprises de télécommunications, les services publics d’électricité, les entreprises de camion-nage, la police, ainsi que les ministères ou orga-nismes fédéraux, provinciaux, territoriaux et muni-cipaux.
Ce graphique est fondé sur la version 2007 du Tableau canadien d’attribution des bandes de fréquences, résultant des diverses Conférences mondiales des radiocommunications, notamment la CMR-03. Il fournit la représentation graphique des attributions de fréquences radioélectriques au Canada, entre 9 et 275 GHz.
Pour obtenir plus de renseignements sur le spec-tre ou les radiocommunications, veuillez commu-niquer avec la Direction des politiques du spectre et de la radiocommunication d’Industrie Canada à Ottawa (courriel: [email protected]), ou avec l’un des bureaux régionaux à Moncton, Montréal, Toronto, Winnipeg et Vancouver.
OTA spectrum
Homework for Tues Sept 20…
1 - Read— Pew Research, Home Broadband 2015
2 - Type up:
a) one page of notes on the reading
b) 3 (non-obvious) questions
c) all the terms you don’t know
Make 2 copies w/ your ID, one to be handed
in at Sept 20 class
3 - Subscribe to Benton Headlines
4 - Set up 3-ring binder for notebook
The Ellis style sheet…
Forget everything they taught you
about university “style” for written
assignments
Email protocols…
0 - Onus on you to keep up w/email1 - Use [email protected] only2 - Business hrs only: M-F/ 9-63 - Don’t hit “reply” unless replying4 - Subj field = 4520 /your name /actual subj5 - Attach’s in PDF only, filename as in #46 - Individual email? >> Acknowledge
“Got it, thx”
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