44798165 Myocardial Infarction MI PPT

7/27/2019 44798165 Myocardial Infarction MI PPT

1/23


2/23

What is MI?

A heart attack is when bloodvessels that supply blood to theheart are blocked, preventing

enough oxygen from getting tothe heart. This causes the muscle

to die.


3/23

Causes

Smoking High LDL Cholesterol Levels High Blood Pressure Diabetes Chronic Kidney Disease


4/23

Symptoms

Chest pain is a major symptom of heartattack. You may feel the pain in only

one part of your body, or it may move

from your chest to your arms, shoulder,neck, teeth, jaw, belly area, or back. Thepain can be severe or mild.

A tight band around the chest Something heavy sitting on your

chest Squeezing or heavy pressure


5/23

Symptoms Continued

Chest pain is due to ischemia (a lackof blood and hence oxygen supply)to the heart muscle. Approximately

one fourth of all myocardialinfarctions are silent, without chestpain or other symptoms. These cases

can be discovered later onelectrocardiograms. This is called

silent heart attack.


6/23

Symptoms Continued

Anxiety Cough Fainting Light-headedness, dizziness Nausea or vomiting Palpitations (feeling like your

heart is beating too fast orirregularly)

Shortness of breath Sweating, which may be

extreme.


7/23

If you experience any of these symptoms call 9-1-1.DO NOT attempt to drive toER by your self as this may

be unsafe for others.


8/23

Risk Factors

Tobacco UseCertain components of tobacco and

tobacco combustion gases are known

to damage blood vessel walls. Thebody's response to this type of injuryelicits the formation of

atherosclerosis and its progression,thereby increasing the risk of MI.


9/23

Risk Factors Continued

HypertensionHigh blood pressure hasconsistently been associatedwith an increased risk of MI.This risk is associated with

systolic and diastolichypertension. The control of

hypertension with appropriatemedication has been shown toreduce the risk of MI

significantly.


10/23

Risk Factors ContinuedDiabetes Mellitus

Patients with diabetes have asubstantially greater risk of

atherosclerotic vascular disease inthe heart as well as in other vascular

beds. Diabetes increases the risk of MI because it increases the rate of atherosclerotic progression and

adversely affects the lipid profile.This accelerated form of

atherosclerosis occurs regardless of whether a patient has insulin-dependent or non insulin-

dependent diabetes.


11/23


HyperlipidemiaElevated levels of total

cholesterol, LDL, or

triglycerides are associatedwith an increased risk of

coronary atherosclerosis andMI. Levels of HDL less than

40 mg/dl also show anincreased risk.


12/23


Family History

A family history of

premature coronarydisease increases an

individual's risk of

atherosclerosis and MI.


13/23

Diagnosis for MIElectrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram is a recordingof the electrical activity of the

heart. Abnormalities in theelectrical activity usually occur withheart attacks and can identify the

areas of heart muscle that aredeprived of oxygen and/or areas of

muscle that have died.


14/23

Diagnosis of MI Continued

Blood Tests Cardiac enzymes are proteins that

are released into the blood by dyingheart muscles. These cardiac

enzymes are creatine phosphokinase(CPK), and troponin, and their levels

can be measured in blood. Thesecardiac enzymes typically are

elevated in the blood several hoursafter the onset of a heart attack.


15/23

MI Medication Treatment

Beta BlockersThese medicines decrease

the workload on your heart.Beta blockers also are used

to relieve chest pain ordiscomfort and to helpprevent additional heart

attacks. Beta blockers alsoare used to correct irregular

heartbeats.


16/23

MI Medication TreatmentContinued

ACE Inhibitors

These medicines lower blood

pressure and reduce thestrain on your heart. Theyalso help slow down further

weakening of the heartmuscle.


17/23

MI Medication TreatmentContinued

Anticoagulants

These medicines thin the

blood and prevent clotsfrom forming in yourarteries.


18/23

MI Medical ProceduresTreatment

AngioplastyDuring angioplasty, a thin, flexibletube with a balloon on the end is

threaded through a blood vessel to

the blocked coronary artery. Then,the balloon is inflated to push theplaque against the wall of the artery.This widens the inside of the artery,

restoring blood flow. Also a small

mesh tube called a stent may be putin the artery to help keep it open.Some stents are coated with

medicines that help prevent theartery from becoming blocked again.


19/23


20/23

MI Prevention Keep your blood pressure, blood

sugar, and cholesterol undercontrol.

Don't smoke.

Consider drinking 1 to 2 glasses of wine each day. Moderate amountsof alcohol may reduce your risk of cardiovascular problems. However,

drinking larger amounts does moreharm than good.

Eat a low-fat diet rich in fruits andvegetables and low in animal fat.


21/23

MI Prevention Continued

Eat fish twice a week. Baked or grilledfish is better than fried fish. Frying candestroy some of the health benefits.

Exercise daily or several times a week.Walking is a good form of exercise. Talk

to your doctor before starting anexercise routine. Lose weight if you are overweight. If you have one or more risk factors for

heart disease, talk to your doctor aboutpossibly taking aspirin to help prevent aheart attack.

Its been shown that aspirin lowers achance of MI for about 30%.


22/23


23/23

Documents

44798165 Myocardial Infarction MI PPT