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Unit 4 – Exponential Functions Date: 4.4 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Involving Exponents Homework: Practice Problems and Pages 235237: Questions #19{every other}, 1012 14, 15 Learning Objectives/Success Criteria: At the end of this lesson I will be able to: Simplify expressions before evaluating algebraic expressions by substitution Solve for an unknown variable within an exponential expression Ms. Choo’s MCR3U class has been locked in a heated debate as to the answer to 3 × 3 : Winston says the numbers under the radical sign can be multiplied so the negatives cancel out with 3 × 3 = 9 = 3 . By convention, the positive real root is given. Yathavan says 3 × 3 is the same as 3 ( ) 2 which can be rewritten as 3 ( ) 1 2 " # $ % & ' 2 . According to the power rule, the exponents can be multiplied and 3 ( ) 1 2 " # $ % & ' 2 simplifies to (3) 1 or 3. William says that 1 is equal to the imaginary number i and i 2 = 1 . Therefore, 3 can be rewritten as 1 × 3 or i3 and 3 × 3 = i3 × i3 = 3 ( ) 2 i 2 = 3 . Which argument(s) are correct? Example 1: Simplify a) 1 ( ) 2 b) 12 × 3 c) 3 9 d) 4 × 5 e) 4 × 5 Steps to Solving Exponential Equations: 1. If the bases are not the same, change bases to a common base. 2. Simplify if necessary 3. Equate the exponents and solve for the unknown. 4. Perform a check Example 2: Solve for x a) 5 2x1 = 1 125 b) 3 4x+2 = 27 x2 c) 36 2x+14 = 1296 x d) 25 x 30(5 x ) + 125 = 0 e) 3 2x+1 10(3 x ) + 3 = 0 f) 4 x + 4 x+1 = 40 Practice: Solve each equation. a) 27 = x 3 2 b) m 3 4 = 27 c) x 3 2 = 1 729 d) 7 = r 1 2 e) v 5 4 = 243 f) n 3 2 = 125 g) (n 27) 3 2 = 64 h) 26 = 1 + (27x) 3 4 i) 3125 = (1 18p) 5 3 j) 5 = 3 + 4a 1 6 k) x 3 2 = 27 l) 54 = 10 (m 10) 3 2 m) 5126 = 6 5(3x + 22) 5 3 n) 9 + 5 2m 3 = 29 o) 3646 = 1 + 5(4r + 17) 3 2 p) 646 = 3(65 n) 3 2 + 2 q) 3 + (8 2x) 5 4 = 29 Answers: a) 9 b) 81 c) 81 d) 49 e) 81 f) 25 g) 43 h) 3 i) 7 j) 64 k) 9 l) 26 m) 14 n) 32 o) 16 p) 29 q) 4

4.4 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

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Unit  4  –  Exponential  Functions                 Date:  4.4  Simplifying  Algebraic  Expressions  Involving  Exponents  

 Homework:      Practice  Problems  and  Pages  235-­‐237:  Questions  #1-­‐9{every  other},  10-­‐12  14,  15        Learning  Objectives/Success  Criteria:    At  the  end  of  this  lesson  I  will  be  able  to:  

• Simplify  expressions  before  evaluating  algebraic  expressions  by  substitution  • Solve  for  an  unknown  variable  within  an  exponential  expression  

 Ms.  Choo’s  MCR3U  class  has  been  locked  in  a  heated  debate  as  to  the  answer  to −3× −3 :  

• Winston  says  the  numbers  under  the  radical  sign  can  be  multiplied  so  the  negatives  cancel  out  with  −3× −3 = 9 =3 .  By  convention,  the  positive  real  root  is  given.  

• Yathavan  says   −3× −3 is  the  same  as   −3( )2which  can  be  rewritten  as   −3( )

12"

#$

%

&'2

.    According  to  the  

power  rule,  the  exponents  can  be  multiplied  and −3( )12"

#$

%

&'2

 simplifies  to  (−3)1  or  -­‐3.  

• William  says  that   −1  is  equal  to  the  imaginary  number  i  and   i2 =−1 .    Therefore,   −3  can  be  rewritten  as   −1× 3  or   i 3 and   −3× −3 = i 3× i 3 = 3( )

2i2 =−3 .  

Which  argument(s)  are  correct?    Example  1:    Simplify  

a)     −1( )2     b)   −12× −3     c)   −3

−9       d)   −4 × −5     e)   −4 × 5  

 Steps  to  Solving  Exponential  Equations:  

1. If  the  bases  are  not  the  same,  change  bases  to  a  common  base.  2. Simplify  if  necessary  3. Equate  the  exponents  and  solve  for  the  unknown.  4. Perform  a  check  

 Example  2:    Solve  for  x  

a)  52x−1 = 1125         b)  34x+2 =27x−2       c)  362x+14 = 1296x  

d)  25x −30(5x )+125=0     e)  32x+1 −10(3x )+3=0     f)  4x +4x+1 =40    Practice:  Solve  each  equation.  

a)  27= x32         b)  m

34 =27       c)   x−

32 =

1729     d)  7= r

12      

e)   v54 =243         f)  n

32 =125       g)  (n−27)

32 =64   h)  26=−1+(27x)

34    

i)  3125=(−1−18p)53       j)  5=3+4a−

16       k)  −x

32 =−27     l)  −54=10−(m−10)

32  

m)  −5126=−6−5(3x+22)53     n)  9+5 2m3 =29     o)  3646=1+5(4r+17)

32  

p)  −646=−3(65−n)32 +2     q)  −3+(8−2x)

54 =29  

 

Answers:  a)  9   b)  81   c)  81   d)  49   e)  81   f)  25   g)  43   h)  3   i)  -­‐7   j)  64   k)  9   l)  26   m)  14   n)  32   o)  16   p)  29   q)  -­‐4